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Cost Accounting (15th Edition)

Problem

Direct, indirect, fixed, and variable costs. Wonder Bakery manufactures two types of bread,
which it sells as wholesale products to various specialty retail bakeries. Each loaf of bread
requires a three-step process. The first step is mixing. The mixing department combines all of the
necessary ingredients to create the dough and processes it through high-speed mixers. The
dough is then left to rise before baking. The second step is baking, which is an entirely
automated process. The baking department molds the dough into its final shape and bakes each
loaf of bread in a high-temperature oven. The final step is finishing, which is an entirely manual
process. The finishing department coats each loaf of bread with a special glaze, allows the bread
to cool, and then carefully packages each loaf in a specialty carton for sale in retail bakeries.

1. Costs involved in the process are listed next. For each cost, indicate whether it is a direct
variable, direct fixed, indirect variable, or indirect fixed cost, assuming units of production of
each kind of bread is the cost object.

2. If the cost object were the mixing department rather than units of production of each kind of
bread, which preceding costs would now be direct instead of indirect costs?

Step-by-step solution

Step 1 of 2

1. Classification of costs:

Cost object is units of production of bread and cost variability with respect to changes in the
number of breads.

Costs Classification of Cost

Yeast Direct Variable

Flour Direct Variable

Packaging material Direct Variable

Depreciation on ovens Indirect Fixed

Depreciation on mixing machines Indirect Fixed

Rent on factory building Indirect Fixed

 Fire insurance on factory building Indirect Fixed

Factory utilities Indirect Variable

Chapter 2, Problem 17E

Finishing department hourly laborers Direct Variable

Mixing department manager Indirect Fixed

Material handlers in each department Indirect Variable

Custodian in factory Indirect Fixed

Night guard in factory Indirect Fixed

Machinist (running the mixing machine) Indirect Variable

Machine maintenance personnel in each department Indirect Fixed

Maintenance supplies for factory Indirect Variable
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Step 2 of 2

2. If the cost object were the mixing department rather than units of production of each kind of
bread, the following costs would now be direct instead of indirect costs:

a. Depreciation on mixing machines

b. Mixing department manager

c. Machinist running the mixing machine

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