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குவாண்டம் எனும் கடல் PDF
குவாண்டம் எனும் கடல் PDF
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Henri Becquerel . 1896
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1935 EPR paradox
.
boris podolsky nathan
rosen
. (Einstein, Podolsky,
Rosen paradox
EPR )
.
entanglement
.
EPR Erwin
Schrdinger (
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entanglement
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experiment
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entanglement
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10
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Max Planck,
Albert Einstein,
Niels Bohr,
Louis de Broglie,
Max Born,
Paul Dirac,
Werner Heisenberg,
Wolfgang Pauli,
Erwin Schrdinger,
Richard Feynman.
(
.
.)
. 1838
. (
) black body
radiation
1859 .
1877 boltzman
.
1877 heinrich hertz
.
1900
max planck
quantum hypothesis
.
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h
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.
.
1905
1905
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Atom .................
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"quantum mechanics"
Max Born, Werner Heisenberg,
and Wolfgang Pauli, 1920
. Born 1924
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application
. ...
...
lasers, CDs, DVDs, solar cells, fibre-optics,
digital cameras, photocopiers, bar-code readers,
fluorescent lights, LED lights, computer screens,
transistors, semi -conductors, super-
conductors, spectroscopy, MRI scanners,
quantum computer
.
terms
.
, , dual
.
Uncertainty ?
.
.
1926 Werner Heisenberg
. (
...
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decoherence,
.
..
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"quantum field theory "
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scalar field .
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empty space
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Atom ...................
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( 17 : )
max plank
.
.
.
.
.
1918
.
initial founder
.
1899
.
.
(plank constant ) h.
.
(plank units) .
plank length, plank time, plank ,
plank temperature .
5
.
=
.
= . =
=
=
? ?
.
.
.
.
,
.
....
(
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?
..
.
Stephan Hawkins
.
theory of everything.
unified
theory.
loop quantum gravity.
.
QED.
.
M .
...
.
..
.
.
..
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4 10
11 M
......?
Atom ..............
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( 18 : )
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(6
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. (
string
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string
string
theory.
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1960
.
.
super string theory .
.
Super symmetry
fermions
.
( ...
6
....
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)
(
..
)
?
6
.)
..
.
,
.
.
26
.
10
( 9
. )
11
M .
"theory of every thing "
. 1997
.
graviton .
.
.
M .
.
...
theory of
everything
.
(
)
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
..
.
1995 M Edward
Witten .
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...
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.
.
Multiverse
.
. .
.
90
.
.
.
.
Atom ................
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( 19:
)
.
5 .
...
type I, type IIA, type IIB, and two flavors of
heterotic string theory (SO(32) and E8E8).
1995 witten
annual
conference ..the
second superstring revolution
5
M .
..
M
M
.
. Multi verse
.
.
.
witten
"
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.
11
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.
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2D
( 1D
single dimension .
2d )
2D
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2D
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2D .
2 D
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2D
.
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3D 4 D
3D
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membrane
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CERN.
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Atom .
(
: 9841069466)