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" " ( Aug -2017 )

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1930
(Otto Hahn)
.

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( "the father of the


nuclear chemistry" .
"the father of the nuclear physics
" ?
.
father of the quantum physics
max Planck
..
. )


.
.

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(
)
1930
1934


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..

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Robert Oppenheimer.




Robert Oppenheimer,

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Atom ................
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( 11: )



.
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. Schrdinger's cat .

?
?


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Henri Becquerel . 1896
.

..
1903
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quantum tunneling .
Tunneling
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1935 Schrdinger thought
experiment .... 'cat ' experiment
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Schrdinger's cat .




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Atom .............

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50 / 50
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(quantum entanglement )

.




entanglement.

Atom ..................
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( 13 : MGR )

"Spoky action "


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.

.
.

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"Quantum entanglement ".

MGR
.
MGR .
MGR
MGR
.
MGR

.
( MEME

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.


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.

.


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.

.
1935 EPR paradox

.
boris podolsky nathan
rosen
. (Einstein, Podolsky,
Rosen paradox
EPR )


.
entanglement
.

EPR Erwin
Schrdinger (
?

)
entanglement
. EPR
experiment

.
entanglement



.

.
Atom .............

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( 14 : )


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"the spooky action "
.

entanglement
.
.




.




.

.
Spooky action

.



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.

.




.


' '

.

.



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.




.


.

.


.




..


.


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.


.
.

Atom .........................

* * * *

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( 15 : )








.



.

.

"The father of quantum physics "


max plank
.


.





.

.



10
.
10
.
.....

Max Planck,
Albert Einstein,
Niels Bohr,
Louis de Broglie,
Max Born,
Paul Dirac,
Werner Heisenberg,
Wolfgang Pauli,
Erwin Schrdinger,
Richard Feynman.

(

.
.)


. 1838


. (
) black body
radiation

1859 .
1877 boltzman

.
1877 heinrich hertz
.

1900
max planck
quantum hypothesis
.


.

.


.
h
.
h
. .

.







...

. (



)
h.
6.626176 x 10-34 joule-seconds
.



.

1905
1905



.
(
. ) =

.

.

.....

..

?
..

Atom .................

* * * *
" "

( 16 : )

"quantum mechanics"
Max Born, Werner Heisenberg,
and Wolfgang Pauli, 1920
. Born 1924

."


?
??

application
. ...

...
lasers, CDs, DVDs, solar cells, fibre-optics,
digital cameras, photocopiers, bar-code readers,
fluorescent lights, LED lights, computer screens,
transistors, semi -conductors, super-
conductors, spectroscopy, MRI scanners,



quantum computer
.

terms
.
, , dual
.
Uncertainty ?



.


.
1926 Werner Heisenberg
. (
...


)

decoherence,
.

..


.
"quantum field theory "
. .





..



. field
.
...
.

.

.




?
.


scalar field .
.





.?


.

.
empty space
.


.




.

.

Atom ...................

* * * *
" "

( 17 : )


max plank

.
.

.

.

.
1918
.
initial founder
.
1899




.



.

(plank constant ) h.


.

(plank units) .
plank length, plank time, plank ,
plank temperature .

5
.
=
.
= . =
=
=


? ?

1894 black body





black body
.


.

.
.


.
frequency .

black body radiation law
1900 .

.

.
1900


.

quantized form
.
( quantized

''
''

maximum
quantized
)


.
energy
E = hv



,
, ,
.
E=
hv .
E energy. h
. v
frequency .

.

frequency



.
quantization

. 1905
.


.

.


.


.
,

.
....



(
)


?


..
.
Stephan Hawkins

.

theory of everything.

unified
theory.


loop quantum gravity.



.

QED.

.






M .
...


.


..

.
.
..
.
..

.

4 10

11 M
......?

Atom ..............

* * * *

" "

( 18 : )


...
.
(6
)

...




( 4,
5 )
. (
string


)
string
string
theory.





.


.

..
.......
.



.


.


.
?





.

..

.
?

.
.

..


.
.


.


.


.


.


? .


.




.

.
.


.
.

1960

.


.
super string theory .

.
Super symmetry

fermions
.
( ...
6


....
( )(
)
(
..
)
?
6
.)


..





.


,

.
.


26
.



10
( 9
. )

11
M .


"theory of every thing "
. 1997

.


graviton .

.
.


M .


.



...
theory of
everything

.
(
)



.

.



.
.


.
..

.

.
.
..
.
1995 M Edward
Witten .

?



...
.

.





.

Multiverse


.




. .

.
90

.

.

.

.

Atom ................
* * * *

" "

( 19:
)


.
5 .

...
type I, type IIA, type IIB, and two flavors of
heterotic string theory (SO(32) and E8E8).

1995 witten
annual
conference ..the
second superstring revolution
5

M .
..

M
M
.

. Multi verse

.
.
.
witten
"
"
.

11
..
... 3 .
6

.
11
.

11
3
4

. ( )
5

. 6

. 7


.
. 8


. 9


.

. 10

...
11

.



? 3d 4
.
.?

...
.
.
2D
( 1D
single dimension .
2d )



2D
.
2D
.

?



2D .

2 D
.




.
2D
.




.??




...


.


....


.
3D 4 D

3D
. (

)

.
.. M

.



. M

.
membrane
.



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... ......

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Atom ...................

* * * *

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( 20 : )

.



30
.


...

.

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.

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1500


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input

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CERN.




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.

"
..

"

" A B


."

"
"
.








.
...

....

" ' .."?


"
"?
" (quantum
entanglement ) ?''
" ?"
" ?"
" ?"
" ?"
"
?"
" ?"
" ..
??"
" 4
?"
"11
"
" "
"M "
" "




.(

)


..

.



.
Atom .

(

: 9841069466)

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