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(Share99.net) Laptrinh - Java PDF
(Share99.net) Laptrinh - Java PDF
1
2.2.3. Kiu k t (char) .................................................. 26
2.2.4. Kiu lun l (boolean).......................................... 27
2.3. Hng: .......................................................................... 27
2.4. Lnh, khi lnh trong java........................................... 28
2.5. Ton t v biu thc ................................................... 29
2.5.1. Ton t s hc...................................................... 29
2.5.2. Ton t trn bit..................................................... 29
2.5.3. Ton t quan h & logic ....................................... 29
2.5.4. Ton t p kiu .................................................... 30
2.5.5. Ton t iu kin ................................................. 30
2.5.6. Th t u tin ...................................................... 30
2.6. Cu trc iu khin ..................................................... 31
2.6.1. Cu trc iu kin if else ................................. 31
2.6.2. Cu trc switch case ........................................ 32
2.6.3. Cu trc lp.......................................................... 32
2.6.4. Cu trc lnh nhy (jump) .................................... 33
2.7. Lp bao kiu d liu c s (Wrapper Class)................ 33
2.8. Kiu d liu mng....................................................... 34
2.8.1. Khi nim mng ................................................... 34
2.8.2. Khai bo mng ..................................................... 34
2.8.3. Cp pht b nh cho mng ................................... 35
2.8.4. Khi to mng...................................................... 35
2.8.5. Truy cp mng ..................................................... 35
2.9. Mt s v d minh ha: ............................................... 36
Chng 3: HNG I TNG TRONG JAVA ............... 47
3.1. M u ....................................................................... 47
3.2. Lp (Class) ................................................................. 48
3.2.1. Khi nim ............................................................ 48
3.2.2. Khai bo/nh ngha lp ....................................... 48
3.2.3. To i tng ca lp .......................................... 49
3.2.4. Thuc tnh ca lp ............................................... 49
3.2.5. Hm - Phng thc lp (Method)......................... 50
3.2.6. Khi to mt i tng (Constructor)................... 52
3.2.7. Bin this............................................................... 53
2
3.2.8. Khai bo chng phng thc (overloading method)
...................................................................................... 54
3.3. c im hng i tng trong java ......................... 54
3.3.1. ng gi (encapsulation) ..................................... 55
3.3.2. Tnh a hnh (polymorphism): .............................. 55
3.3.3. Tnh k tha (inheritance) .................................... 57
3.4. Gi (packages) ............................................................ 62
3.5. Giao din (interface) ................................................... 63
3.5.1. Khi nim interface: ............................................. 63
3.5.2. Khai bo interface: ............................................... 64
3.5.3. V d minh ha..................................................... 65
Chng 4: THIT K GIAO DIN NGI DNG............. 82
4.1. M u ....................................................................... 82
4.2. Gii thiu th vin awt................................................ 83
4.3. Cc khi nim c bn.................................................. 83
4.3.1. Component........................................................... 83
4.3.2. Container ............................................................. 84
4.3.3. Layout Manager ................................................... 85
4.4. Thit k GUI cho chng trnh ................................... 86
4.4.1. To khung cha ca s chng trnh .................... 86
4.4.2. To h thng thc n.......................................... 87
4.4.3. Gn Component vo khung cha.......................... 89
4.4.4. Trnh by cc Component trong khung cha ........ 90
4.4.5. Cc i tng khung cha Container.................. 101
4.5. X l bin c/s kin ................................................ 105
4.5.1. M hnh x l s kin (Event-Handling Model) . 105
4.5.2. X l s kin chut ............................................ 108
4.5.3. X l s kin bn phm ...................................... 111
4.6. Mt s v d minh ha .............................................. 115
Chng 5: LUNG V TP TIN....................................... 128
5.1. M u ..................................................................... 128
5.2. Lung (Streams) ....................................................... 129
5.2.1. Khi nim lung................................................. 129
5.2.2. Lung byte (Byte Streams)................................. 129
5.2.3. Lung k t (Character Streams)........................ 131
3
5.2.4. Nhng lung c nh ngha trc (The Predefined
Streams) ...................................................................... 132
5.3. S dng lung Byte .................................................. 133
5.3.1. c d liu t Console....................................... 134
5.3.2. Xut d liu ra Console...................................... 135
5.3.3. c v ghi file dng lung Byte ......................... 136
5.3.4. c v ghi d liu nh phn................................ 141
5.4. File truy cp ngu nhin (Random Access Files) ....... 145
5.5. S dng lung k t.................................................. 147
5.5.1. Nhp Console dng lung k t ......................... 149
5.5.2. Xut Console dng lung k t .......................... 151
5.5.3. c/ghi File dng lung k t............................ 152
5.6. Lp File .................................................................... 155
Chng 6: LP TRNH C S D LIU.......................... 158
6.1. GII THIU............................................................. 158
6.2. KIN TRC JDBC................................................... 158
6.3. Cc khi nim c bn................................................ 160
6.3.1. JDBC Driver ...................................................... 160
6.3.2. JDBC URL ........................................................ 162
6.4. KT NI CSDL VI JDBC ..................................... 163
6.4.1. ng k trnh iu khin .................................... 163
6.4.2. Thc hin kt ni ............................................... 163
6.4.3. V d.................................................................. 164
6.5. KIU D LIU SQL V KIU D LIU JAVA.... 168
6.6. CC THAO TC C BN TRN CSDL................ 170
6.6.1. Cc lp c bn ................................................... 170
6.6.2. V d truy vn CSDL ......................................... 171
6.6.3. V d cp nht CSDL ......................................... 174
Ti liu tham kho:.............................................................. 176
Ph lc A: Trc nghim kin thc........................................ 177
Ph Lc B:p n trc nghim kin thc............................. 205
4
LI NI U
Ngn ng lp trnh java ra i v c cc nh nghin cu
ca Cng ty Sun Microsystem gii thiu vo nm 1995. Sau khi
ra i khng lu, ngn ng lp trnh ny c s dng rng
ri v ph bin i vi cc lp trnh vin chuyn nghip cng
nh cc nh pht trin phn mm. Gn y ngn ng lp trnh,
cng ngh java c a vo ging dy cc c s o to
lp trnh vin chuyn nghip. Mt s trng i hc Vit
Nam dy mn lp trnh java nh mt chuyn t chn cho cc
sinh vin cng ngh thng tin giai on chuyn ngnh.
5
th hon thin hn gio trnh ny phc v cho vic hc tp ca
sinh vin.
6
Chng 1: GII THIU TNG QUAN V NGN
NG LP TRNH JAVA
1.1.M u
Chng ny s cung cp cho sinh vin cc khi nim, kin thc
c bn lin quan n vic lp trnh ng dng bng ngn ng
Java nh: lch s pht trin ca java, cc c im ca java,
khi nim my o, cu trc ca mt chng trnh n gin vit
bng Java cng nh cch xy dng, dch v thc thi mt
chng trnh Java.
1.2.Gii thiu v ngn ng lp trnh Java
1.2.1. Java l g?
Java l ngn ng lp trnh hng i tng (ta C++) do
Sun Microsystem a ra vo gia thp nin 90.
Chng trnh vit bng ngn ng lp trnh java c th chy
trn bt k h thng no c ci my o java (Java Virtual
Machine).
1.2.2.Lch s pht trin ca ngn ng lp trnh Java
Ngn ng lp trnh Java do James Gosling v cc cng s
ca Cng ty Sun Microsystem pht trin.
u thp nin 90, Sun Microsystem tp hp cc nh nghin
cu thnh lp nn nhm t tn l Green Team. Nhm Green
Team c trch nhim xy dng cng ngh mi cho ngnh in
t tiu dng. gii quyt vn ny nhm nghin cu pht
trin xy dng mt ngn ng lp trnh mi t tn l Oak
tng t nh C++ nhng loi b mt s tnh nng nguy him
ca C++ v c kh nng chy trn nhiu nn phn cng khc
nhau. Cng lc world wide web bt u pht trin v Sun
thy c tim nng ca ngn ng Oak nn u t ci tin
7
v pht trin. Sau khng lu ngn ng mi vi tn gi l
Java ra i v c gii thiu nm 1995.
Java l tn gi ca mt hn o Indonexia, y l ni
nhm nghin cu pht trin chn t tn cho ngn ng
lp trnh Java trong mt chuyn i tham quan v lm vic trn
hn o ny. Hn o Java ny l ni rt ni ting vi nhiu
khu vn trng cafe, chnh l l do chng ta thng thy
biu tng ly caf trong nhiu sn phm phn mm, cng c lp
trnh Java ca Sun cng nh mt s hng phn mm khc a
ra.
1.2.3.Mt s c im ni bc ca ngn ng lp trnh Java
My o Java (JVM - Java Virtual Machine)
Tt c cc chng trnh mun thc thi c th phi c
bin dch ra m my. M my ca tng kin trc CPU ca mi
my tnh l khc nhau (tp lnh m my ca CPU Intel, CPU
Solarix, CPU Macintosh l khc nhau), v vy trc y mt
chng trnh sau khi c bin dch xong ch c th chy c
trn mt kin trc CPU c th no . i vi CPU Intel chng
ta c th chy cc h iu hnh nh Microsoft Windows, Unix,
Linux, OS/2, Chng trnh thc thi c trn Windows
c bin dch di dng file c ui .EXE cn trn Linux th
c bin dch di dng file c ui .ELF, v vy trc y
mt chng trnh chy c trn Windows mun chy c
trn h iu hnh khc nh Linux chng hn th phi chnh sa
v bin dch li. Ngn ng lp trnh Java ra i, nh vo my
o Java m kh khn nu trn c khc phc. Mt chng
trnh vit bng ngn ng lp trnh Java s c bin dch ra m
ca my o java (m java bytecode). Sau my o Java chu
trch nhim chuyn m java bytecode thnh m my tng ng.
Sun Microsystem chu trch nhim pht trin cc my o Java
chy trn cc h iu hnh trn cc kin trc CPU khc nhau.
Thng dch:
8
Java l mt ngn ng lp trnh va bin dch va thng
dch. Chng trnh ngun vit bng ngn ng lp trnh Java c
ui *.java u tin c bin dch thnh tp tin c ui *.class
v sau s c trnh thng dch thng dch thnh m my.
c lp nn:
Mt chng trnh vit bng ngn ng Java c th chy trn
nhiu my tnh c h iu hnh khc nhau (Windows, Unix,
Linux, ) min sao c ci t my o java (Java Virtual
Machine). Vit mt ln chy mi ni (write once run
anywhere).
Hng i tng:
Hng i tng trong Java tng t nh C++ nhng Java
l mt ngn ng lp trnh hng i tng hon ton. Tt c
mi th cp n trong Java u lin quan n cc i tng
c nh ngha trc, thm ch hm chnh ca mt chng
trnh vit bng Java ( l hm main) cng phi t bn trong
mt lp. Hng i tng trong Java khng c tnh a k tha
(multi inheritance) nh trong C++ m thay vo Java a ra
khi nim interface h tr tnh a k tha. Vn ny s
c bn chi tit trong chng 3.
a nhim - a lung (MultiTasking - Multithreading):
Java h tr lp trnh a nhim, a lung cho php nhiu tin
trnh, tiu trnh c th chy song song cng mt thi im v
tng tc vi nhau.
Kh chuyn (portable):
Chng trnh ng dng vit bng ngn ng Java ch cn
chy c trn my o Java l c th chy c trn bt k my
tnh, h iu hnh no c my o Java. Vit mt ln, chy mi
ni (Write Once, Run Anywhere).
H tr mnh cho vic pht trin ng dng:
9
Cng ngh Java pht trin mnh m nh vo i gia Sun
Microsystem cung cp nhiu cng c, th vin lp trnh phong
ph h tr cho vic pht trin nhiu loi hnh ng dng khc
nhau c th nh: J2SE (Java 2 Standard Edition) h tr pht
trin nhng ng dng n, ng dng client-server; J2EE (Java 2
Enterprise Edition) h tr pht trin cc ng dng thng mi,
J2ME (Java 2 Micro Edition) h tr pht trin cc ng dng
trn cc thit b di ng, khng dy,
1.3.Cc ng dng Java
1.3.1.Java v ng dng Console
ng dng Console l ng dng nhp xut ch vn bn
tng t nh mn hnh Console ca h iu hnh MS-DOS.
Lai chng trnh ng dng ny thch hp vi nhng ai bc
u lm quen vi ngn ng lp trnh java.
Cc ng dng kiu Console thng c dng minh ha cc
v d c bn lin quan n c php ngn ng, cc thut ton, v
cc chng trnh ng dng khng cn thit n giao din ngi
dng ha.
class HelloWorld
{ public static void main(String[] args)
10
{
System.out.println("\nHello World");
}
}
1.3.2.Java v ng dng Applet
Java Applet l loi ng dng c th nhng v chy trong trang
web ca mt trnh duyt web. T khi internet mi ra i, Java
Applet cung cp mt kh nng lp trnh mnh m cho cc trang
web. Nhng gn y khi cc chng trnh duyt web pht
trin vi kh nng lp trnh bng VB Script, Java Script,
HTML, DHTML, XML, cng vi s canh tranh khc lit
ca Microsoft v Sun lm cho Java Applet lu m. V cho
n by gi gn nh cc lp trnh vin u khng cn mn
m vi Java Applet na. (trnh duyt IE i km trong phin
bn Windows 2000 khng cn mc nhin h tr thc thi mt
ng dng Java Applet). Hnh bn di minh ha mt chng
trnh java applet thc thi trong mt trang web.
11
1.3.3.Java v pht trin ng dng Desktop dng AWT v
JFC
Vic pht trin cc chng trnh ng dng c giao din ngi
dng ha trc quan ging nh nhng chng trnh c vit
dng ngn ng lp trnh VC++ hay Visual Basic c java
gii quyt bng th vin AWT v JFC. JFC l th vin rt
phong ph v h tr mnh m hn nhiu so vi AWT. JFC gip
cho ngi lp trnh c th to ra mt giao din trc quan ca bt
k ng dng no. Lin quan n vic pht trin cc ng dng
c giao din ngi dng ha trc quan chng ta s tm hiu
chi tit trong chng 4.
12
1.3.4.Java v pht trin ng dng Web
Java h tr mnh m i vi vic pht trin cc ng dng Web
thng qua cng ngh J2EE (Java 2 Enterprise Edition). Cng
ngh J2EE hon ton c th to ra cc ng dng Web mt cch
hiu qu khng thua km cng ngh .NET m Microsft ang
qung co.
Hin nay c rt nhiu trang Web ni ting Vit Nam cng
nh khp ni trn th gii c xy dng v pht trin da trn
nn cng ngh Java. S ng dng Web c xy dng dng
cng ngh Java chc chn khng ai c th bit c con s
chnh xc l bao nhiu, nhng chng ti a ra y vi v d
thy rng cng ngh Java ca Sun l mt i th ng gm
ca Microsoft.
13
http://java.sun.com/
http://e-docs.bea.com/
http://www.macromedia.com/software/jrun/
http://tomcat.apache.org/index.html
Chc khng t ngi trong chng ta bit n trang web thng tin
nh t ni ting TPHCM l: http://www.nhadat.com/.
ng dng Web ny cng c xy dng da trn nn cng
ngh java.
Bn c th tm hiu chi tit hn v cng ngh J2EE to a ch:
http://java.sun.com/j2ee/
1.3.5.Java v pht trin cc ng dng nhng
Java Sun a ra cng ngh J2ME (The Java 2 Platform, Micro
Edition J2ME) h tr pht trin cc chng trnh, phn mm
nhng. J2ME cung cp mt mi trng cho nhng chng trnh
ng dng c th chy c trn cc thit b c nhn nh: in
thai di ng, my tnh b ti PDA hay Palm, cng nh cc
thit b nhng khc.
14
- Bin dch ra m my o: dng trnh bin dch javac
bin dch m ngun .java thnh m ca my o (java
bytecode) c ui .class v lu ln a
- Thng dch v thc thi: ng dng c load vo b
nh, thng dch v thc thi dng trnh thng dch Java
thng qua lnh java.
o a m java bytecode vo b nh: y l bc
loading. Chng trnh phi c t vo trong
b nh trc khi thc thi. Loader s ly cc
files cha m java bytecode c ui .class v
np chng vo b nh.
o Kim tra m java bytecode: trc khi trnh
thng dch chuyn m bytecode thnh m my
tng ng thc thi th cc m bytecode phi
c kim tra tnh hp l.
o Thng dch & thc thi: cui cng di s iu
khin ca CPU v trnh thng dch ti mi thi
im s c mt m bytecode c chuyn sang
m my v thc thi.
15
1.5.2.Bin dch tp tin ngun HelloWordApp
Vic bin dch tp tin m ngun chng trnh
HelloWorldApp c th thc hin qua cc bc c th nh sau:
- M ca s Command Prompt.
- Chuyn n th mc cha tp tin ngun va to ra.
- Thc hin cu lnh: javac HelloWordApp.java
Nu gp thng bo li Bad Command of filename hoc
The name specified is not recognized as an internal or external
command, operable program or batch file c ngha l
Windows khng tm c trnh bin dch javac. sa li ny
chng ta cn cp nht li ng dn PATH ca h thng.
Ngc li nu thnh cng bn s c thm tp tin
HelloWordApp.class
1.5.3.Chy chng trnh HelloWordApp
- Ti du nhc g lnh: java HelloWordApp
- Nu chng trnh ng bn s thy dng ch
HelloWord trn mn hnh Console.
- Nu cc bn nhn c li Exception in thread "main
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: HelloWorldApp c
ngha l Java khng th tm c tp tin m bytecode
tn HelloWorldApp.class ca cc bn. Mt trong nhng
ni java c tm tp tin bytecode l th mc hin ti ca
16
cc bn. V th nu tp tin byte code c t C:\java
th cc bn nn thay i ng dn ti .
1.5.4.Cu trc chng trnh HelloWordApp
Phng thc main(): l im bt u thc thi mt ng dng.
Mi ng dng Java phi cha mt phng thc main c dng
nh sau: public static void main(String[] args)
Phng thc main cha ba b t c t sau:
public ch ra rng phng thc main c th c gi
bi bt k i tng no.
static ch ra rng phng thc main l mt phng
thc lp.
void ch ra rng phng thc main s khng tr v bt
k mt gi tr no.
- Du m v ng ngo8c nhn { v }: l bt u v kt
thc 1 khi lnh.
- Du chm phy ; kt thc 1 dng lnh.
17
t ln my tnh (phin bn c chng ti s dng khi
vit gio trnh ny l J2SE 1.4). Sau khi ci xong, chng
ta cn cp nht ng dn PATH h thng ch n th
mc cha chng trnh dch ca ngn ng java.
18
- File New Project.
- Chn Empty project ri bm nt chn Next
Bc 2: To
mt Class mi tn HelloWorldApp v a vo Project hin ti.
- File New Class.
- Nhp vo tn Class v chn Finish (hnh bn di).
19
Bc 3: Son tho m ngun (hnh bn di)
Dch (F7)
Ca s Ca s son tho
WorkSpace m ngun
20
Chng 2:
21
Lu : Trong ngn ng lp trnh java c phn bit ch in hoa
v in thng. V vy chng ta cn lu khi t tn cho cc i
tng d liu cng nh cc x l trong chng trnh.
V d:
import java.lang.*;
import java.io.*;
class VariableDemo
{
static int x, y;
public static void main(String[] args)
{
x = 10;
y = 20;
int z = x+y;
System.out.println("x = " + x);
System.out.println("y = " + y);
System.out.println("z = x + y =" + z);
System.out.println("So nho hon la so:" +
Math.min(x, y));
char c = 80;
System.out.println("ky tu c la: " + c);
}
}
Kt qu chng trnh
22
2.2.Cc kiu d liu c s
Ngn ng lp trnh java c 8 kiu d liu c s: byte, short, int,
long, float, double, boolean v char.
23
Kiu c s
2.2.1.Kiu s nguyn
- Java cung cp 4 kiu s nguyn khc nhau l: byte,
short, int, long. Kch thc, gi tr nh nht, ln nht,
cng nh gi tr mc nh ca cc kiu d liu s
nguyn c m t chi tit trong bng trn.
- Kiu mc nh ca cc s nguyn l kiu int.
- Cc s nguyn kiu byte v short rt t khi c dng.
- Trong java khng c kiu s nguyn khng du nh
trong ngn ng C/C++.
24
Khai bo v khi to gi tr cho cc bin kiu nguyn:
int x = 0;
long y = 100;
25
2.2.2.Kiu du chm ng
i vi kiu du chm ng hay kiu thc, java h tr hai kiu
d liu l float v double.
Kiu float c kch thc 4 byte v gi tr mc nh l 0.0f
Kiu double c kch thc 8 byte v gi tr mc nh l 0.0d
2.2.3.Kiu k t (char)
Kiu k t trong ngn ng lp trnh java c kch thc l 2
bytes v ch dng biu din cc k t trong b m Unicode.
Nh vy kiu char trong java c th biu din tt c 216 = 65536
k t khc nhau.
Gi tr mc nh cho mt bin kiu char l null.
26
2.2.4.Kiu lun l (boolean)
- Kiu boolean ch nhn 1 trong 2 gi tr: true hoc false.
- Trong java kiu boolean khng th chuyn thnh kiu
nguyn v ngc li.
- Gi tr mc nh ca kiu boolean l false.
2.3.Hng:
- Hng l mt gi tr bt bin trong chng trnh
- Tn hng c t theo qui c ging nh tn bin.
- Hng s nguyn: trng hp gi tr hng dng long ta
thm vo cui chui s ch l hay L. (v d: 1L)
- Hng s thc: trung hp gi tr hng c kiu float ta
thm tip v ng f hay F, cn kiu s double th ta
thm tip v ng d hay D.
- Hng Boolean: java c 2 hng boolean l true, false.
- Hng k t: l mt k t n nm gia nm gia 2 du
ngoc n.
o V d: a: hng k t a
o Mt s hng k t c bit
K t ngha
\b Xa li (BackSpace)
\t Tab
\n Xung hng
\r Du enter
\ Nhy kp
\ Nhy n
\\ S ngc
\f y trang
\uxxxx K t unicode
27
- Hng chui: l tp hp cc k t c t gia hai du
nhy kp . Mt hng chui khng c k t no l mt
hng chui rng.
o V d: Hello Wolrd
o Lu : Hng chui khng phi l mt kiu d
liu c s nhng vn c khai bo v s dng
trong cc chng trnh.
{ // khi 1
{ // khi 2
lnh 2.1
lnh 2.2
} // kt thc khi lnh 2
lnh 1.1
lnh 1.2
} // kt thc khi lnh 1
{ // bt u khi lnh 3
// Cc lnh thuc khi lnh 3
//
} // kt thc thi lnh 3
28
2.5.Ton t v biu thc
2.5.1.Ton t s hc
Ton t ngha
+ Cng
- Tr
* Nhn
/ Chia nguyn
% Chia d
++ Tng 1
-- Gim 1
Ton t ngha
& AND
| OR
^ XOR
<< Dch tri
>> Dch phi
>>> Dch phi v in 0 vo bit trng
~ B bit
Ton t ngha
== So snh bng
!= So snh khc
> So snh ln hn
< So snh nh hn
>= So snh ln hn hay bng
<= So snh nh hn hay bng
29
|| OR (biu thc logic)
&& AND (biu thc logic)
! NOT (biu thc logic)
2.5.4.Ton t p kiu
- p kiu rng (widening conversion): t kiu nh sang
kiu ln (khng mt mt thng tin)
- p kiu hp (narrow conversion): t kiu ln sang kiu
nh (c kh nng mt mt thng tin)
<tn bin> = (kiu_d_liu) <tn_bin>;
V d:
float fNum = 2.2;
int iCount = (int) fNum; // (iCount = 2)
2.5.5.Ton t iu kin
C php: <iu kin> ? <biu thc 1> : < biu thc 2>
Nu iu kin ng th c gi tr, hay thc hin <biu thc 1>,
cn ngc li l <biu thc 2>.
<iu kin>: l mt biu thc logic
<biu thc 1>, <biu thc 2>: c th l hai gi tr, hai biu thc
hoc hai hnh ng.
V d:
int x = 10;
int y = 20;
int Z = (x<y) ? 30 : 40;
// Kt qu z = 30 do biu thc (x < y) l ng.
2.5.6.Th t u tin
Th t u tin tnh t tri qua phi v t trn xung di
Cao nht
30
() [] .
++ -- ~ !
* / %
+ -
>> >>> (dch phi v <<
in 0 vo bit trng)
> >= < <=
== !=
&
^
|
&&
||
?:
= <tont>=
Thp nht
Dng 2:
if (<iu_kin>)
{
<khi _lnh1>;
}
else
{
<khi _lnh2>;
31
}
2.6.3.Cu trc lp
Dng 1: while()
while (iu_kin_lp)
{
khi _lnh;
}
Dng 2: do { } while;
do
{
khi_lnh;
} while (iu_kin);
Dng 3: for ()
for (khi_to_bin_m;k_lp;tng_bin)
{
<khi _lnh>;
32
}
33
(java.lang.*)
boolean Boolean - Gi (package): cha
byte Byte nhm nhiu class.
short Short - Ngoi cc Wrapper
char Character Class, gi java.lang cn
int Integer cung cp cc lp nn
long Long tng cho vic thit k
Float Float ngn ng java nh:
double Double String, Math,
V d:
int arrInt[];
hoc int[] arrInt;
34
int[] arrInt1, arrInt2, arrInt3;
2.8.4.Khi to mng
Chng ta c th khi to gi tr ban u cho cc phn t ca
mng khi n c khai bo.
V d:
int arrInt[] = {1, 2, 3};
char arrChar[] = {a, b, c};
String arrStrng[] = {ABC, EFG, GHI};
2.8.5.Truy cp mng
Ch s mng trong Java bt u t 0. V vy phn t u tin c
ch s l 0, v phn t th n c ch s l n-1. Cc phn t ca
mng c truy xut thng qua ch s ca n t gia cp du
ngoc vung ([]).
V d:
int arrInt[] = {1, 2, 3};
int x = arrInt[0]; // x s c gi tr l 1.
int y = arrInt[1]; // y s c gi tr l 2.
int z = arrInt[2]; // z s c gi tr l 3.
35
khc, java cung cp mt lp String lm vic vi i tng
d liu chui cng khc thao tc trn i tng d liu ny.
V d 2: Nhp d liu s
import java.io.*;
class inputNum
{ public static void main(String[] args)
{ int n=0;
try
{ BufferedReader in =
new BufferedReader(
36
new InputStreamReader(
System.in));
String s;
s = in.readLine();
n = Integer.parseInt(s);
}
catch(Exception e)
{ System.out.println(Nhp d liu b
li !);
}
37
V d 4: Tm phn t c gi tr nh nht (Min) v ln nht
(Max) trong mt mng.
class MinMax
{ public static void main(String args[])
{ int nums[] = new int[10];
int min, max;
nums[0] = 99;
nums[1] = -10;
nums[2] = 100123;
nums[3] = 18;
nums[4] = -978;
nums[5] = 5623;
nums[6] = 463;
nums[7] = -9;
nums[8] = 287;
nums[9] = 49;
min = max = nums[0];
for(int i=1; i < 10; i++)
{
if(nums[i] < min) min = nums[i];
if(nums[i] > max) max = nums[i];
}
System.out.println("min and max: " + min + " "
+ max);
}
}
class MinMax2
38
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int nums[] = { 99, -10, 100123, 18, -978,
5623, 463, -9, 287, 49 };
int min, max;
min = max = nums[0];
for(int i=1; i < 10; i++)
{
if(nums[i] < min) min = nums[i];
if(nums[i] > max) max = nums[i];
}
System.out.println("Min and max: " + min + " "
+ max);
}
}
39
V d 6: Sp xp mng dng phng php sp xp ni bt
(Bubble Sort)
class BubbleSort
{ public static void main(String args[])
{ int nums[] = { 99, -10, 100123, 18, -978,
5623, 463, -9, 287, 49 };
int a, b, t;
int size;
size = 10; // number of elements to sort
// display original array
System.out.print("Original array is:");
for(int i=0; i < size; i++)
System.out.print(" " + nums[i]);
System.out.println();
// This is the Bubble sort.
for(a=1; a < size; a++)
for(b=size-1; b >= a; b--)
{ if(nums[b-1] > nums[b])
{ // if out of order
// exchange elements
t = nums[b-1];
nums[b-1] = nums[b];
nums[b] = t;
}
}
40
System.out.print("Sorted array is:");
for(int i=0; i < size; i++)
System.out.print(" " + nums[i]);
System.out.println();
}
}
41
V d 8: To i tng chui
class StringDemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
// Tao chuoi bang nhieu cach khac nhau
String str1 = new String("Chuoi trong java la
nhung Objects.");
String str2 = "Chung duoc xay dung bang nhieu
cach khac nhau.";
String str3 = new String(str2);
System.out.println(str1);
System.out.println(str2);
System.out.println(str3);
}
}
42
int result, idx;
char ch;
System.out.println("str1:" + str1);
System.out.println("str2:" + str2);
System.out.println("str3:" + str3);
System.out.println();
if(str1.equals(str2))
System.out.println("str1 == str2");
else
System.out.println("str1 != str2");
if(str1.equals(str3))
System.out.println("str1 == str3");
else
System.out.println("str1 != str3");
result = str1.compareTo(str3);
if(result == 0)
System.out.println("str1 = str3 ");
else
if(result < 0)
System.out.println("str1 < str3");
else
System.out.println("str1 > str3");
43
// Tao chuoi moi cho str4
String str4 = "Mot Hai Ba Mot";
idx = str4.indexOf("Mot");
System.out.println("str4:" + str4);
System.out.println("Vi tri xuat hien dau tien cua
chuoi con 'Mot' trong str4: " + idx);
idx = str4.lastIndexOf("Mot");
System.out.println("Vi tri xuat hien sau cung cua
chuoi con 'Mot' trong str4:" + idx);
}
}
44
{ System.out.println("\n *** Nhap
chuoi:");
BufferedReader in = new
BufferedReader(new
InputStreamReader(System.in));
// Class BufferedReader cho php c
text t lung nhp k t, to b m cho
nhng k t h tr cho vic c nhng
k t, nhng mng hay nhng dng.
45
String orgstr = "Mot Hai Ba Bon";
// Lay chuoi con dung ham
// public String substring(int beginIndex, int
// endIndex)
String substr = orgstr.substring(4, 7);
System.out.println("Chuoi goc: " + orgstr);
System.out.println("Chuoi con: " + substr);
}
}
System.out.println("\n");
// Thay doi chuoi
str[0] = "Bon";
str[1] = "Ba";
str[2] = "Hai";
str[3] = "Mot";
46
System.out.print("\n");
}
47
rt hiu qu xy dng nn nhng chng trnh ng dng trn
my tnh. T khi ra i cho n nay lp trnh OOP chng t
c sc mnh, vai tr ca n trong cc n tin hc. Ch hng
ny s gip bn c tm hiu v cc kiu d liu dn xut l
lp (class) v giao tip (interface), cng nh cc vn c bn
v lp trnh hng i tng trong java thng qua vic to lp
cc lp, cc i tng v cc tnh cht ca chng.
3.2.Lp (Class)
3.2.1.Khi nim
Chng ta c th xem lp nh mt khun mu (template) ca
i tng (Object). Trong bao gm d liu ca i tng
(fields hay properties) v cc phng thc(methods) tc ng
ln thnh phn d liu gi l cc phng thc ca lp.
Cc i tng c xy dng bi cc lp nn c gi l
cc th hin ca lp (class instance).
3.2.2.Khai bo/nh ngha lp
class <ClassName>
{
<kiu d liu> <field_1>;
<kiu d liu> <field_2>;
constructor
method_1
method_2
}
48
3.2.3.To i tng ca lp
ClassName objectName = new ClassName();
3.2.4.Thuc tnh ca lp
Vng d liu (fields) hay thuc tnh (properties) ca lp
c khai bo bn trong lp nh sau:
class <ClassName>
{
// khai bo nhng thuc tnh ca lp
<tin t> <kiu d liu> field1;
//
}
V d:
public class xemay
{ public String nhasx;
public String model;
private float chiphisx;
protected int thoigiansx;
49
public static int sobanhxe = 2;
}
50
static: phng thc lp dng chung cho tt c cc th
hin ca lp, c ngha l phng thc c th c
thc hin k c khi khng c i tng ca lp cha
phng thc .
final: phng thc c tin t ny khng c khai bo
chng cc lp dn xut.
abstract: phng thc khng cn ci t (khng c
phn source code), s c hin thc trong cc lp dn
xut t lp ny.
synchoronized: dng ngn cc tc ng ca cc i
tng khc ln i tng ang xt trong khi ang ng
b ha. Dng trong lp trnh miltithreads.
<kiu tr v>: c th l kiu void, kiu c s hay mt lp.
<Tn phng thc>: t theo qui c ging tn bin.
<danh sch thng s>: c th rng
Lu :
Thng thng trong mt lp cc phng thc nn c
khai bo dng t kha public, khc vi vng d liu thng l
dng tin t private v mc ch an ton.
Nhng bin nm trong mt phng thc ca lp l cc bin
cc b (local) v nn c khia to sau khi khai bo.
V d:
public class xemay
{
public String nhasx;
public String model;
private float chiphisx;
protected int thoigiansx;
51
// l bin tnh c gi tr l 2 trong tt c
// cc th hin to ra t lp xemay
public static int sobanhxe = 2;
V d:
public class xemay
{
//
public xemay()
52
{}
public xemay(String s_nhasx, String s_model,
f_chiphisx, int i_thoigiansx, int i_so);
{
nhasx = s_nhasx;
model = s_model;
chiphisx = f_chiphisx;
thoigiansx = i_thoigiansx;
so = i_so;
// hoc
// this.nhasx = s_nhasx;
// this.model = s_model;
// this.chiphisx = f_chiphisx;
// this.thoigiansx = i_thoigiansx;
// this.so = i_so;
}
}
3.2.7.Bin this
Bin this l mt bin n tn ti trong tt c cc lp trong
ngng ng java. Mt class trong Java lun tn ti mt bin this,
bin this c s dng trong khi chy v tham kho n bn
thn lp cha n.
V d:
<tin t> class A
{
<tin t> int <field_1>;
<tin t> String <field_2>;
// Contructor ca lp A
public A(int par_1, String par_2)
{
53
this.field_1 = par_1;
this.field_2 = par_2;
}
54
im chung: tnh ng gi (encapsulation), tnh a hnh
(polymorphism), v tnh k tha (inheritance).
3.3.1.ng gi (encapsulation)
C ch ng gi trong lp trnh hng i tng gip cho
cc i tng du i mt phn cc chi tit ci t, cng nh
phn d liu cc b ca n, v ch cng b ra ngoi nhng g
cn cng b trao i vi cc i tng khc. Hay chng ta
c th ni i tng l mt thnh t h tr tnh ng gi.
n v ng gi c bn ca ngn ng java l class. Mt
class nh ngha hnh thc ca mt i tng. Mt class nh r
nhng thnh phn d liu v cc on m ci t cc thao tc
x l trn cc i tng d liu . Java dng class xy
dng nhng i tng. Nhng i tng l nhng th hin
(instances) ca mt class.
Mt lp bao gm thnh phn d liu v thnh phn x l.
Thnh phn d liu ca mt lp thng bao gm cc bin thnh
vin v cc bin th hin ca lp. Thnh phn x l l cc thao
tc trn cc thnh phn d liu, thng trong java ngi gi l
phng thc. Phng thc l mt thut ng hng i tng
trong java, trong C/C++ ngi ta thng dng thut ng l
hm.
3.3.2.Tnh a hnh (polymorphism):
Tnh a hnh cho php ci t cc lp dn xut khc nhau t
mt lp ngun. Mt i tng c th c nhiu kiu khc nhau
gi l tnh a hnh.
V d:
class A_Object
{
//
void method_1()
{
//
55
}
}
class C
{ public static void main(String[] args)
{
// To mt mng 2 phn t kiu A
A_Object arr_Object = new A_Object[2];
B_Object var_1 = new B_Object();
// Phn t u tin ca mng arr_Object[0]
tham // chiu n 1 i tng kiu B_Object dn
xut // t A_Object
arr_Object[0] = var_1;
A_Object var_2;
for (int i=0; i<2; i++)
{
var_2 = arr_Object[i];
var_2.method_1();
}
}
}
56
- Vi i = 0 th bin var_2 c kiu l B_Object, v lnh
var_2.method_1() s gi thc hin phng thc
method_1 ca lp B_Object.
- Vi i = 1 th bin var_2 c kiu l A_Object, v lnh
var_2.method_1() s gi thc hin phng thc
method_1 ca lp A_Object.
Trong v d trn i tng var_2 c th nhn kiu A_Object
hay B_Object. Hay ni cc khc, mt bin i tng kiu
A_Object nh var_2 trong v d trn c th tham chiu n bt
k i tng no ca bt k lp con no ca lp A_Object (v
d var_2 c th tham chiu n i tng var_1, var_1 l i
tng ca lp B_Object dn xut t lp A_Object). Ngc li
mt bin ca lp con khng th tham chiu n bt k i
tng no ca lp cha.
3.3.3.Tnh k tha (inheritance)
Mt lp con (subclass) c th k tha tt c nhng vng d
liu v phng thc ca mt lp khc (siu lp - superclass).
Nh vy vic to mt lp mi t mt lp bit sao cho cc
thnh phn (fields v methods) ca lp c cng s thnh cc
thnh phn (fields v methods) ca lp mi. Khi ta gi lp
mi l lp dn xut (derived class) t lp c (superclass). C
th lp c cng l lp c dn xut t mt lp no y, nhng
i vi lp mi va to th lp c l mt lp siu lp trc
tip (immediate supperclass).
Dng t kha extends ch lp dn xut.
class A extends B
{
//
}
3.3.3.1 Khi bo phng thc chng
57
Tnh k tha gip cho cc lp con nhn c cc thuc
tnh/phng thc public v protected ca lp cha. ng thi
cng c th thay th cc phng thc ca lp cha bng cch
khai bo chng. Chng hn phng thc tinhgiaban() p dng
trong lp xega s cho kt qu gp 2.5 ln chi ph sn xut thay
v gp 2 chi ph sn xut ging nh trong lp xemay.
V d:
public class xega extends xemay
{
public xega()
{
}
public xega(String s_nhasx, String s_model, f_chiphisx,
int i_thoigiansx);
{
this.nhasx = s_nhasx;
this.model = s_model;
this.chiphisx = f_chiphisx;
this.thoigiansx = i_thoigiansx;
this.so = 0;
}
58
abstract: Lp tru tng (khng c khai bo cc thnh
phn v cc phng thc trong lp tru tng). Lp dn
xut s khai bo, ci t c th cc thuc tnh, phng
thc ca lp tru tng.
3.3.3.2 Lp ni
Lp ni l lp c khai bo bn trong 1 lp khc. Lp ni
th hin tnh ng gi cao v c th truy xut trc tip bin ca
lp cha.
V d:
public class A
{
//
int <field_1>
static class B
{
//
int <field_2>
public B(int par_1)
{
field_2 = par_1 + field_1;
}
}
}
Trong v d trn th chng trnh dch s to ra hai lp vi hai
files khc nhau: A.class v B.class
3.3.3.3 Lp v sinh
Lp khng th c lp dn xut t n (khng c lp con) gi
l lp v sinh, hay ni cch khc khng th k tha c t
mt lp v sinh. Lp v sinh dng hn ch, ngn nga
cc lp khc dn xut t n.
59
khai bo mt lp l lp v sinh, chng ta dng t kha
final class.
Tt c cc phng thc ca lp v sinh u v sinh, nhng
cc thuc tnh ca lp v sinh th c th khng v sinh.
V d:
public final class A
{
public final int x;
private int y;
public final void method_1()
{
//
}
public final void method_2()
{
//
}
}
3.3.3.4 Lp tru tng
Lp tru tng l lp khng c khai bo cc thuc tnh
thnh phn v cc phng thc. Cc lp dn xut ca n s
khai bo thuc tnh, ci t c th cc phng thc ca lp tru
tng.
V d:
abstract class A
{
abstract void method_1();
60
}
public class B extends A
{
public void method_1()
{
// ci t chi tit cho phng thc method_1
// trong lp con B.
//
}
}
public class C extends A
{
public void method_1()
{
// ci t chi tit cho phng thc method_1
// trong lp con C.
//
}
}
Lu : Cc phng thc c khai bo dng cc tin t
private v static th khng c khai bo l tru tng
abstract. Tin t private th khng th truy xut t cc lp dn
xut, cn tin t static th ch dng ring cho lp khai bo m
thi.
3.3.3.5 Phng thc finalize()
Trong java khng c kiu d liu con tr nh trong C,
ngi lp trnh khng cn phi qu bn tm v vic cp pht v
gii phng vng nh, s c mt trnh dn dp h thng m
trch vic ny. Trnh dn dp h thng s dn dp vng nh cp
pht cho cc i tng trc khi hy mt i tng.
Phng thc finalize() l mt phng thc c bit c ci
t sn cho cc lp. Trnh dn dp h thng s gi phng thc
ny trc khi hy mt i tng. V vy vic ci t mt s
61
thao tc gii phng, dn dp vng nh cp pht cho cc i
tng d liu trong phng thc finalize() s gip cho ngi
lp trnh ch ng kim sot tt qu trnh hy i tng thay v
giao cho trnh dn dp h thng t ng. ng thi vic ci t
trong phng thc finalize() s gip cho b nh c gii
phng tt hn, gp phn ci tin tc chng trnh.
V d:
class A
{
// Khai bo cc thuc tnh
public void method_1()
{
//
}
protected void finalize()
{
// C th dng ng tt c cc kt ni
// vo c s d liu trc khi hy i tng.
//
}
}
3.4.Gi (packages)
Vic ng gi cc lp li to thnh mt th vin dng
chung gi l package.
Mt package c th cha mt hay nhiu lp bn trong, ng
thi cng c th cha mt package khc bn trong.
62
khai bo mt lp thuc mt gi no y ta phi dng t
kha package.
Dng khai bo gi phi l dng u tin trong tp tin khai
bo lp.
Cc tp tin khai bo lp trong cng mt gi phi c lu
trong cng mt th mc.
V d:
package phuongtiengiaothong;
class xemay
{
// .
}
class xega extends xemay
{
//
}
63
tha hng thm vng d liu v phng thc ca cc giao tip
ny.
3.5.2.Khai bo interface:
Interface c khai bo nh mt lp. Nhng cc thuc tnh
ca interface l cc hng (khai bo dng t kha final) v cc
phng thc ca giao tip l tru tng (mc d khng c t
kha abstract).
Trong cc lp c ci t cc interface ta phi tin hnh ci
t c th cc phng thc ny.
V d:
public interface sanpham
{ static final String nhasx = Honda VN;
static final String dienthoai = 08-8123456;
public int gia(String s_model);
}
// khai bo 1 lp c ci t interface
public class xemay implements sanpham
{ // ci t li phng thc ca giao din trong lp
public int gia(String s_model)
{
if (s_model.equals(2005))
return (2000);
else
return (1500);
64
C mt vn khc vi lp l mt giao din (interface)
khng ch c mt giao din cha trc tip m c th dn xut
cng lc nhiu giao din khc (hay c nhiu giao din cha). Khi
n s k tha tt c cc gi tr hng v cc phng thc ca
cc giao din cha. Cc giao din cha c lit k thnh chui v
cch nhau bi du phy ,. Khai bo nh sau:
3.5.3.V d minh ha
V d 1: Minh ha tnh a hnh (polymorphism) trong phn cp
k tha thng qua vic m t v x l mt s thao tc c bn
trn cc i tng hnh hc.
// nh ngha lp tru tng c s tn Shape trong
// tp tin Shape.java
public abstract class Shape extends Object
{
// tr v din tch ca mt i tng hnh hc shape
public double area()
{
return 0.0;
}
65
// Phng thc tru tng cn phi c hin thc
// trong nhng lp con tr v tn i tng
// hnh hc shape thch hp
public abstract String getName();
} // end class Shape
// nh ngha lp Point trong tp tin Point.java
public class Point extends Shape
{
protected int x, y; // Ta x, y ca 1 im
// constructor c tham s.
public Point(int xCoordinate, int yCoordinate)
{
setPoint( xCoordinate, yCoordinate );
}
// gn ta x, y cho 1 im
public void setPoint( int xCoordinate, int yCoordinate )
{
x = xCoordinate;
y = yCoordinate;
}
// ly ta x ca 1 im
public int getX()
{
return x;
}
66
// ly ta y ca 1 im
public int getY()
{
return y;
}
// tr v tn ca i tng shape
public String getName()
{
return "Point";
}
67
gn ta x, y cho mt im, cn phng thc getX(), getY()
tr v ta x, y ca mt im. Phng thc getName() l hin
thc cho phng thc tru tng trong lp cha, nu nh
phng thc getName() m khng c nh ngha th lp
Point l mt lp tru tng.
// constructor c tham s
public Circle( double circleRadius, int xCoordinate,
int yCoordinate )
{
// gi constructorca lp cha
super( xCoordinate, yCoordinate );
setRadius( circleRadius );
}
// Gn bn knh ca ng trn
public void setRadius( double circleRadius )
{
radius = ( circleRadius >= 0 ? circleRadius:0 );
}
// Ly bn knh ca ng trn
68
public double getRadius()
{
return radius;
}
// tr v tn ca shape
public String getName()
{
return "Circle";
}
} // end class Circle
Lp Circle dn xut t lp Point, mt ng trn c th
tch l 0.0, v vy phng thc volume() ca lp cha khng
khai bo chng, n s tha k t lp Point, m lp Point th
tha k t lp Shape. Din tch ng trn khc vi mt im,
v vy phng thc tnh din tch area() c khai bo chng.
Phng thc getName() hin thc phng thc tru tng
khai bo trong lp cha, nu phng thc getName() khng khai
bo trong lp Circle th n s k tha t lp Point. Phng
thc setRadius dng gn mt bn knh (radius) mi cho mt
69
i tng ng trn, cn phng thc getRadius tr v bn
knh ca mt i tng ng trn.
// nh ngha lp hnh tr Cylinder
// trong tp tin Cylinder.java.
public class Cylinder extends Circle
{
// chiu cao ca Cylinder
protected double height;
// constructor c tham s
public Cylinder( double cylinderHeight,
double cylinderRadius, int xCoordinate,
int yCoordinate )
{
// Gi constructor ca lp cha
super( cylinderRadius, xCoordinate,
yCoordinate );
setHeight( cylinderHeight );
}
70
// Ly chiu cao ca Cylinder
public double getHeight()
{
return height;
}
// tr v tn ca shape
public String getName()
{
return "Cylinder";
}
71
Lp Cylinder dn xut t lp Circle. Mt Cylinder (hnh
tr) c din tch v th tch khc vi mt Circle (hnh trn), v
vy c hai phng thc area() v volume() cn phi khai bo
chng. Phng thc getName() l hin thc phng thc tru
tng trong lp cha, nu phng thc getName() khng khai
bo trong lp Cylinder th n s k tha t lp Circle. Phng
thc setHeight dng gn chiu cao mi cho mt i tng
hnh tr, cn phng thc getHeight tr v chiu cao ca mt
i tng hnh tr.
// Test.java
// Kim tra tnh k tha ca Point, Circle, Cylinder vi
// lp tru tng Shape.
// Khai bo th vin
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
public class Test
{
// Kim tra tnh k tha ca cc i tng hnh hc
public static void main( String args[] )
{
// To ra cc i tng hnhhc
Point point = new Point( 7, 11 );
Circle circle = new Circle( 3.5, 22, 8 );
Cylinder cylinder = new Cylinder( 10, 3.3, 10, 10 );
72
String output =
point.getName() + ": " + point.toString() + "\n" +
circle.getName() + ": " + circle.toString() + "\n" +
cylinder.getName() + ": " + cylinder.toString();
System.out.println(output);
System.exit( 0 );
}
} // end class Test
Kt qu thc thi chng trnh:
73
V d 2: Tng t v d 1 nhng trong v d 2 chng ta dng
interface nh ngha cho Shape thay v mt lp tru tng.
V vy tt c cc phng thc trong interface Shape phi c
hin thc trong lp Point l lp ci t trc tip interface
Shape.
// Tnh th tch
public abstract double volume();
// tr v tn ca shape
public abstract String getName();
}
// constructor c tham s.
public Point(int xCoordinate, int yCoordinate)
{
setPoint( xCoordinate, yCoordinate );
74
}
// gn ta x, y cho 1 im
public void setPoint( int xCoordinate, int yCoordinate )
{
x = xCoordinate;
y = yCoordinate;
}
// ly ta x ca 1 im
public int getX()
{
return x;
}
// ly ta y ca 1 im
public int getY()
{
return y;
}
// Tnh th tch
public double volume()
75
{
return 0.0;
}
// tr v tn ca i tng shape
public String getName()
{
return "Point";
}
// constructor c tham s
public Circle( double circleRadius, int xCoordinate,
int yCoordinate )
{
// gi constructorca lp cha
super( xCoordinate, yCoordinate );
setRadius( circleRadius );
}
76
// Gn bn knh ca ng trn
public void setRadius( double circleRadius )
{
radius = ( circleRadius >= 0 ? circleRadius:0 );
}
// Ly bn knh ca ng trn
public double getRadius()
{
return radius;
}
// tr v tn ca shape
public String getName()
{
return "Circle";
}
} // end class Circle
77
public class Cylinder extends Circle
{
// chiu cao ca Cylinder
protected double height;
// constructor c tham s
public Cylinder( double cylinderHeight,
double cylinderRadius, int xCoordinate,
int yCoordinate )
{
// Gi constructor ca lp cha
super( cylinderRadius, xCoordinate,
yCoordinate );
setHeight( cylinderHeight );
}
78
}
// tr v tn ca shape
public String getName()
{
return "Cylinder";
}
// Test.java
// Kim tra tnh k tha ca Point, Circle, Cylinder vi
// interface Shape.
// Khai bo th vin
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
79
public class Test
{
// Kim tra tnh k tha ca cc i tng hnh hc
public static void main( String args[] )
{
// To ra cc i tng hnhhc
Point point = new Point( 7, 11 );
Circle circle = new Circle( 3.5, 22, 8 );
Cylinder cylinder = new Cylinder( 10, 3.3, 10, 10 );
80
"\n Area = " +
precision2.format( arrayOfShapes[ i ].area() ) +
"\nVolume = " +
precision2.format( arrayOfShapes[ i ].volume() );
}
System.out.println(output);
System.exit( 0 );
}
81
Chng 4: THIT K GIAO DIN NGI
DNG
4.1.M u
Chng ny cung cp cho sinh vin nhng kin thc c bn
xy dng giao din (Graphic User Interface - GUI) ca
chng trnh ng dng bng ngn ng java:
- Nhng nguyn tc thit k giao din.
- Nhng th vin, gi xy dng giao din: gm nhng lp
(class), nhng giao tip (interface) qun l s kin v
nhng thnh phn (components) xy dng nn giao din
ngi dng.
- B qun l trnh by (layout managers)
- X l s kin
Trong khun kh gio trnh lp trnh java cn bn ny
chng ti trnh by vic thit k GUI dng th vin awt
(abstract windows toolkit). Vic thit kt GUI s trc quan,
uyn chuyn hn khi chng ta s dng th vin JFC (Java
Foundation Class) s gii c gii thiu trong chuyn java
nng cao.
82
4.2.Gii thiu th vin awt
Th vin awt l b th vin dng xy dng giao din
ngi dng cho mt chng trnh ng dng c y cc thnh
phn c bn nh: Label, Button, Checkbox, Radiobutton,
Choice, List, Text Field, Text Area, Scrollbar, Menu, Frame
Ging nh cc API ca Windows, java cung cp cho ngi
lp trnh th vin awt. Nhng khc vi cc hm API, th vin
awt khng ph thuc h iu hnh. Th vin awt l nn tng, c
s gip cho chng ta tip cn vi th vin m rng JFC hiu
qu hn.
Cu trc cy phn cp ca tt c nhng lp trong th vin awt
chng ta c th xem chi tit trong ti liu km theo b cng c
j2se (phn API Specification)
83
hn nh nhng nt nhn (button), nhng checkbox, nhng
scrollbar, Lp Component l mt lp tru tng.
java.lang.Object
java.awt.Component
4.3.2.Container
Container l i tng vt cha hay nhng i tng c kh
nng qun l v nhm cc i tng khc li. Nhng i tng
con thuc thnh phn awt nh: button, checkbox, radio button,
scrollbar, list, ch s dng c khi ta a n vo khung
cha (container).
Mt s i tng container trong Java:
Panel: i tng khung cha n gin nht, dng
nhm cc i tng, thnh phn con li. Mt Panel c
th cha bn trong mt Panel khc.
java.lang.Object
+--java.awt.Component
+--java.awt.Container
+--java.awt.Panel
Frame: khung cha Frame l mt ca s window hn
hoi mc trn cng bao gm mt tiu u v mt
ng bin (border) nh cc ng dng windows thng
thng khc. Khung cha Frame thng c s dng
to ra ca s chnh ca cc ng dng.
java.lang.Object
+--java.awt.Component
+--java.awt.Container
+--java.awt.Window
+--java.awt.Frame
84
cng l mt ca s nhng khng y chc nng nh
i tng khung cha Frame.
java.lang.Object
+--java.awt.Component
+--java.awt.Container
+--java.awt.Window
+--java.awt.Dialog
85
tng . Th t sp xp cng t tri qua phi v t
trn xung di.
GridBagLayout: Tng t nh GridLayout, cc i
tng khung cha cng c a vo mt li v hnh.
Tuy nhin kch thc cc i tng khng nht thit
phi va vi 1 m c th l 2, 3 hay nhiu hn ty
theo cc rng buc m ta ch nh thng qua i tng
GridBagConstraint.
Null Layout: Cch trnh by t do. i vi cch trnh
by ny ngi lp trnh phi t ng lm tt c t vic
nh kch thc ca cc i tng, cng nh xc nh v
tr ca n trn mn hnh. Ta khng ph thuc vo nhng
rng buc ng, ty , nam, bc g c.
4.4.Thit k GUI cho chng trnh
4.4.1.To khung cha ca s chng trnh
Thng thng to ca s chnh cho chng trnh ng
dng ta tin hnh cc bc:
- To i tng Frame
- Xc nh kch thc ca Frame
- Th hin Frame trn mn hnh
V d:
import java.awt.*;
class FrameDemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
// To i tng khung chaFrame
Frame fr = new Frame("My First Window") ;
// Xc nh kch thc, v tr ca Frame
fr.setBounds(0, 0, 640, 480);
// Hin th Frame
86
fr.setVisible(true);
}
}
MenuBar
MenuItem
Menu
87
createMenu();
}
fr.setMenuBar(menu);
fr.setBounds(100, 100, 300, 200);
fr.setTitle("Calculator");
//fr.setResizable(false);
fr.setVisible(true);
88
new WindowAdapter()
{
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
{
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
Kt qu thc thi chng trnh:
89
Button buttOk = new Button(OK);
// Gn i tng nt nhn vo khung cha
fr.add(buttOk);
// Xc nh kch thc, v tr ca Frame
fr.setSize(100, 100);
// Hin th Frame
fr.setVisible(true);
}
}
90
implements LayoutManager, Serializable
i vi mt container trnh by theo kiu FlowLayout th:
Cc component gn vo c sp xp theo th t t tri
sang phi v t trn xung di.
Cc component c kch thc nh mong mun.
Nu chiu rng ca Container khng ch cho cc
component th chng t ng to ra mt dng mi.
FlowLayout thng c dng sp xp cc button
trong 1 panel.
Chng ta c th iu chnh khong cch gia cc
component.
V d:
import java.awt.*;
import java.lang.Integer;
class FlowLayoutDemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Frame fr = new Frame("FlowLayout Demo");
fr.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
fr.add(new Button("Red"));
fr.add(new Button("Green"));
fr.add(new Button("Blue"));
fr.add(li);
fr.add(new Checkbox("Pick me", true));
fr.add(new Label("Enter your name:"));
91
fr.add(new TextField(20));
// phng thc pack() c gi s lm cho ca s
// hin hnh s c kch thc va vi kch thc
// trnh by b tr nhng thnh phn con ca n.
fr.pack();
fr.setVisible(true);
}
}
4.4.4.2 BorderLayout
public class BorderLayout extends Object
implements LayoutManager2, Serializable
i vi mt container trnh by theo kiu BorderLayout th:
B trnh by khung cha c chia lm 4 vng:
NORTH, SOUTH, WEST, EAST v CENTER. (ng,
Ty, Nam, Bc v trung tm). B trnh by loi ny cho
php sp xp v thay i kch thc ca nhng
components cha trong n sao cho va vi 5 vng
NG, TY, NAM, BC, TRUNG TM.
Khng cn phi gn component vo cho tt c cc vng.
Cc component vng NORTH v SOUTH c chiu
cao ty nhng c chiu rng ng bng chiu rng
vng cha.
Cc component vng EAST v WEST c chiu rng
ty nhng c chiu cao ng bng chiu cao vng
cha.
Cc component vng CENTER c chiu cao v chiu
rng ph thuc vo cc vng xung quanh.
92
V d:
import java.awt.*;
class BorderLayoutDemo extends Frame
{
private Button north, south, east, west, center;
public BorderLayoutDemo(String sTitle)
{
super(sTitle);
north = new Button("North");
south = new Button("South");
east = new Button("East");
west = new Button("West");
center = new Button("Center");
this.add(north, BorderLayout.NORTH);
this.add(south, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
this.add(east, BorderLayout.EAST);
this.add(west, BorderLayout.WEST);
this.add(center, BorderLayout.CENTER);
}
public static void main(String args[])
{
Frame fr = new BorderLayoutDemo ("BorderLayout
Demo");
fr.pack();
fr.setVisible(true);
}
}
Kt qu thc thi chng trnh:
93
4.4.4.3 GridLayout
public class GridLayout extends Object
implements LayoutManager
i vi mt container trnh by theo kiu GridLayout th:
B trnh by to mt khung li v hnh vi cc bng
nhau.
Cc i tng s t va kch thc vi tng . Th
t sp xp t tri qua phi v t trn xung di.
V d:
import java.awt.*;
public class GridLayoutDemo
{
public static void main(String arg[])
{
Frame f = new Frame("GridLayout Demo");
f.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
f.add(new Button("Red"));
f.add(new Button("Green"));
f.add(new Button("Blue"));
f.add(new Checkbox("Pick me", true));
f.add(new Label("Enter name here:"));
94
f.add(new TextField());
f.pack();
f.setVisible(true);
}
}
Kt qu thc thi chng trnh:
4.4.4.4 GridBagLayout
public class GridBagLayout extends Object
implements LayoutManager2
(public interface LayoutManager2 extends
LayoutManager)
i vi mt container trnh by theo kiu GridBagLayout th:
Cc componets khi c a vo khung cha s c
trnh by trn 1 khung li v hnh tng t nh
GridLayout. Tuy nhin khc vi GridLayout kch thc
cc i tng khng nht thit phi va vi 1 trn
khung li m c th l 2, 3 hay nhiu hn ty theo
cc rng buc m ta ch nh thng qua i tng
GridBagConstraints.
Lp GridBagConstraints dn xut t lp Object. Lp
GridBagConstraints dng ch nh rng buc cho
nhng components trnh by trong khung cha container
theo kiu GridBagLayout.
o gridx, gridy: v tr ca khung li v hnh m
ta s a i tng con vo
95
o gridwidth, gridheight: kch thc hay vng
trnh by cho i tng con.
o Insets: l mt bin i tng thuc lp Inset
dng qui nh khong cch bin phn cch
theo 4 chiu (trn, di, tri, phi).
o weightx, weighty: ch nh khong cch ln ra
tng i ca cc i tng con vi nhau
V d:
import java.awt.*;
public class GridBagLayoutDemo
{
public static void main(String arg[])
{
Frame f = new Frame("GridBagLayout Demo");
for(int i=0;i<9;i++)
{
buttons[i] = new Button (buttName[i]);
}
96
constraints.insets = new Insets(2,2,2,2);
97
constraints.gridx = 3;
constraints.gridy = 2;
constraints.gridheight = 2;
constraints.gridwidth = 1;
layout.setConstraints(buttons[4], constraints);
98
constraints.gridy = 6;
constraints.gridheight = 1;
constraints.gridwidth = 1;
constraints.weightx = 3.0;
layout.setConstraints(buttons[8], constraints);
f.pack();
f.setVisible(true);
}
}
Kt qu thc thi chng trnh:
99
Mt s phng thc ca lp tru tng Component dng
nh v v qui nh kch thc ca component khi a chng
vo khung cha trnh by theo kiu kiu t do:
o Public void setLocation(Point p)
o Public void setSize(Dimension p)
o Public void setBounds(Rectangle r)
V d:
o MyButton.setSize(new Dimension(20, 10));
o MyButton.setLocation(new Point(10, 10));
o MyButton.setBounds(10, 10, 20, 10);
import java.awt.*;
class NullLayoutDemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Frame fr = new Frame("NullLayout Demo");
fr.setLayout(null);
Button buttOk = new Button("OK");
buttOk.setBounds(100, 150, 50, 30);
Button buttCancel = new Button("Cancel");
buttCancel.setBounds(200, 150, 50, 30);
Checkbox checkBut = new Checkbox("Check
box", true);
checkBut.setBounds(100, 50, 100, 20);
fr.add(buttOk);
fr.add(buttCancel);
100
fr.add(checkBut);
fr.add(li);
101
4.4.5.1 Khung cha Frame
java.lang.Object
+--java.awt.Component
+--java.awt.Container
+--java.awt.Window
+--java.awt.Frame
Khung cha Frame l mt ca s window hn hoi mc
trn cng bao gm mt tiu u v mt ng bin (border)
nh cc ng dng windows thng thng khc. Khung cha
Frame thng c s dng to ra ca s chnh ca cc ng
dng.
Khung cha Panel c b qun l trnh by (LayoutManager)
mc nh l FlowLayout.
4.4.5.2 Khung cha Panel
java.lang.Object
+--java.awt.Component
+--java.awt.Container
+--java.awt.Panel
Khung cha Panel c b qun l trnh by (LayoutManager)
mc nh l FlowLayout.
i vi khung cha Panel th cc Panel c th lng vo
nhau, v vy khung cha Panel thng c dng b tr cc
nhm components bn trong mt khung cha khc.
V d:
import java.awt.*;
public class PanelDemo extends Frame
{
private Button next, prev, first;
private List li;
public PanelDemo(String sTitle)
{
super(sTitle);
next = new Button("Next >>");
prev = new Button("<< Prev");
102
first = new Button("First");
li = new List();
for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
{
li.add("Selection" + i);
}
this.add(li, BorderLayout.CENTER);
}
public static void main(String arg[])
{
Container f = new PanelDemo("Panel Demo");
f.setSize(300, 200);
f.setVisible(true);
}
}
Kt qu thc thi chng trnh:
103
4.4.5.2 Khung cha Dialog
java.lang.Object
+--java.awt.Component
+--java.awt.Container
+--java.awt.Window
+--java.awt.Dialog
Dialog l mt lp khung cha ta Frame v cn c gi l
popup window. C hai loi dialog ph bin:
Modal Dialog: s kha tt c cc ca s khc ca ng
dng khi dialog dng ny cn hin th.
Non-Modal Dialog: vn c th n cc ca s khc ca
ng dng khi dialog dng ny hin th.
Mt ca s dng Dialog lun lun phi gn vi mt ca s
ng dng (Frame).
to mt i tng khung cha Dialog ta c th dng mt
trong cc constructor ca n:
public Dialog (Frame parentWindow, boolean isModal)
public Dialog (Frame parentWindow, String title,
boolean isModal)
parentWindow: ca s cha
title: tiu ca Dialog
isModal: true -> l Dialog dng modal
isModal: false -> l Dialog khng phi dng modal
(hay non-modal)
104
4.5.X l bin c/s kin
4.5.1.M hnh x l s kin (Event-Handling Model)
trn chng ta ch cp n vn thit k giao din
chng trnh ng dng m cha cp n vn x l s
kin. Nhng s kin c pht sinh khi ngi dng tng tc
vi giao din chng trnh (GUI). Nhng tng tc thng gp
nh: di chuyn, nhn chut, nhn mt nt nhn, chn mt
MenuItem trong h thng thc n, nhp d liu trong mt
vn bn, ng ca s ng dng, Khi c mt tng tc xy ra
th mt s kin c gi n chng trnh. Thng tin v s kin
thng c lu tr trong mt i tng dn xut t lp
AWTEvent. Nhng kiu s kin trong gi java.awt.event c
th dng cho c nhng component AWT v JFC. i vi th
vin JFC th c thm nhng kiu s kin mi trong gi
java.swing.event.
105
Nhng lp s kin ca gi java.awt.event
106
To v ng k mt b lng nghe cho mt component
trn GUI.
Ci t cc phng thc qun l v x l s kin
107
phi ci t tt c nhng phng thc . Nu khng th cc b
lng nghe s tr thnh cc lp tru tng.
4.5.2.X l s kin chut
Java cung cp hai intefaces lng nghe (b lng nghe s kin
chut) l MouseListener v MouseMotionListener qun l
v x l cc s kin lin quan n thit b chut. Nhng s kin
chut c th by cho bt k component no trn GUI m dn
xut t java.awt.component.
Cc phng thc ca interface MouseListener:
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent event): c gi
khi mt nt chut c nhnv con tr chut trn
component.
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent event): c gi
khi mt nt chut c nhn v nh trn component m
khng di chuyn chut.
public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent event): c
gi khi mt nt chut nh sa khi ko r.
public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent event): c gi
khi con tr chut vo trong ng bin ca mt
component.
public void mouseExited(MouseEvent event): c gi
khi con tr chut ra khi ng bin ca mt
component.
Cc phng thc ca interface MouseMotionListener:
public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent even ): phng
thc ny c gi khi ngi dng nhn mt nt chut
v ko trn mt component.
public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent event): phng
thc ny c gi khi di chuyn chut trn component.
Mi phng thc x l s kin chut c mt tham s
MouseEvent cha thng tin v s kin chut pht sinh chng
hn nh: ta x, y ni s kin chut xy ra. Nhng phng
108
thc tng ng trong cc interfaces s t ng c gi khi
chut tng tc vi mt component.
bit c ngi dng nhn nt chut no, chng ta
dng nhng phung thc, nhng hng s ca lp InputEvent (l
lp cha ca lp MouseEvent).
V d: Chng trnh tn MouseTracker bn di minh ha vic
dng nhng phng thc ca cc interfaces MouseListener v
MouseMotionListener by v x l cc s kin chut
tng ng.
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class MouseTracker extends Frame
implements MouseListener, MouseMotionListener
{
private Label statusBar;
// set up GUI and register mouse event handlers
public MouseTracker()
{ super( "Demonstrating Mouse Events" );
statusBar = new Label();
this.add( statusBar, BorderLayout.SOUTH );
// application listens to its own mouse events
addMouseListener( this );
addMouseMotionListener( this );
setSize( 275, 100 );
setVisible( true );
}
109
", " + event.getY() + "]" );
}
110
// handle event when user moves mouse
public void mouseMoved( MouseEvent event )
{
statusBar.setText( "Moved at [" + event.getX() +
", " + event.getY() + "]" );
}
// execute application
public static void main( String args[] )
{
MouseTracker application = new MouseTracker();
}
} // end class MouseTracker
Kt qu thc thi chng trnh:
111
pht sinh khi ngi dng nhn v nh mt phm trn bn phm.
Mt lp hin thc KeyListener phi ci t cc phng thc
keyPressed, keyReleased v keyTyped. Mi phng thc ny c
mt tham s l mt i tng kiu KeyEvent. KeyEvent l lp
con ca lp InputEvent.
Cc phng thc ca interface KeyListener
Phng thc keyPressed c gi khi mt phm bt k
c nhn.
Phng thc keyTyped c gi thc hin khi ngi
dng nhn mt phm khng phi phm hnh ng
(nh phm mi tn, phm Home, End, Page Up, Page
Down, cc phm chc nng nh: Num Lock, Print
Screen, Scroll Lock, Caps Lock, Pause).
Phng thc keyReleased c gi thc hin khi nh
phm nhn sau khi s kin keyPressed hoc keyTyped.
V d: minh ha vic x l s kin chut thng qua cc phng
thc ca interface KeyListener. Lp KeyDemo bn di hin
thc interface KeyListener, v vy tt c 3 phng thc trong
KeyListener phi c ci t trong chng trnh.
// KeyDemo.java
// Demonstrating keystroke events.
// Java core packages
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class KeyDemo extends Frame implements KeyListener
{
private String line1 = "", line2 = "";
private String line3 = "";
private TextArea textArea;
// set up GUI
public KeyDemo()
112
{
super( "Demonstrating Keystroke Events" );
// set up TextArea
textArea = new TextArea( 10, 15 );
textArea.setText( "Press any key on the keyboard..." );
textArea.setEnabled( false );
this.add( textArea );
113
line1 = "Key typed: " + event.getKeyChar();
setLines2and3( event );
}
textArea.setText(line1+"\n"+line2+"\n"+ line3+"\n" );
}
// execute application
public static void main( String args[] )
{
KeyDemo application = new KeyDemo();
}
114
4.6.Mt s v d minh ha
V d 1: To b lng nghe bin c cho i tng khung cha
Frame, v x l bin c ng ca s.
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class WindowClosingDemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
115
{
Frame f = new Frame ("WindowClosing Demo");
WindowCloser closer = new WindowCloser();
f.addWindowListener(closer);
f.setBounds(10, 10, 300, 200);
f.setVisible(true);
}
}
import java.awt.event.*;
class WindowCloser implements WindowListener
{
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
{
System.out.println("windowClosing..");
System.exit(0);
}
public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e)
{
System.out.println("windowActivated...");
}
public void windowClosed(WindowEvent e)
{
System.out.println("windowClosed...");
}
public void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e)
{
System.out.println("windowDeactivated...");
}
public void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent e)
{
System.out.println("windowDeiconified...");
}
public void windowIconified(WindowEvent e)
{
116
System.out.println("windowIconified...");
}
public void windowOpened(WindowEvent e)
{ System.out.println("windowOpened...");
}
}
import java.awt.event.*;
class WindowCloser extends WindowAdapter
{ public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
{ System.out.println("windowClosing..");
System.exit(0);
}
}
V d 2: CheckboxGroup Demo
import java.awt.*;
public class CheckboxGroupDemo extends Frame
{
private Checkbox red, green, blue;
private CheckboxGroup checkGroup;
public CheckboxGroupDemo(String title)
{ super(title);
checkGroup = new CheckboxGroup();
red = new Checkbox("Red", checkGroup, false);
green = new Checkbox("Green", checkGroup, false);
blue = new Checkbox("Blue", checkGroup, false);
117
//add the checkboxes to the frame
Panel north = new Panel();
north.add(red);
north.add(green);
north.add(blue);
this.add(north, BorderLayout.NORTH);
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class SetColor implements ItemListener
{
private Frame pallette;
private Color c;
public SetColor(Frame c)
{
pallette = c;
}
118
public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e)
{
String item = (String) e.getItem();
int state = e.getStateChange();
if (item.equalsIgnoreCase("red"))
c = new Color(255, 0, 0);
if (item.equalsIgnoreCase("green"))
c = new Color(0, 255, 0);
if (item.equalsIgnoreCase("blue"))
c = new Color(0, 0, 255);
pallette.setBackground(c);
}
} // end of class
Kt qu thc thi chng trnh:
V d 3: TextComponent
import java.awt.*;
class TextComponentDemo extends Frame
{
private TextField textField;
private TextArea textArea;
private Button enter, clear;
119
textArea = new TextArea("", 0, 0,
TextArea.SCROLLBARS_VERTICAL_ONLY);
textArea.setEditable(false);
this.add(south, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
120
{
TextComponentDemo f = new TextComponentDemo
("TextComponentDemo ");
f.setSize(300,200);
f.setVisible(true);
f.getTextField().requestFocus();
}
}
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class CreateList implements ActionListener
{
private int counter = 0;
private TextField source;
private TextArea destination;
121
destination.setText("");
counter = 0;
}
}
}
V d 4: ListDemo
import java.awt.*;
public class ListDemo extends Frame
{ private List li;
private Label selected;
public ListDemo(String title)
{
super(title);
li = new List();
li.add("Monday");
li.add("Tuesday");
li.add("Wednesday");
li.add("Thursday");
li.add("Friday");
li.add("Saturday");
li.add("Sunday");
122
selected = new Label("Double click a day:",
Label.CENTER);
this.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
this.add(selected , BorderLayout.NORTH);
this.add(li, BorderLayout.CENTER);
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
class ShowSelectionListener implements ActionListener
{ private Label lab;
public ShowSelectionListener(Label label_sel)
{
lab = label_sel;
}
123
// Nguon goc phat sinh bien co khong phai la List
if (!(source instanceof List))
{ return;
}
else
{
List li = (List) source;
String selected = li.getSelectedItem();
lab.setText(selected);
}
}
}
Kt qu thc thi chng trnh:
124
private static void createMenu()
{
// Tao Frame ung dung
final Frame fr = new Frame();
fr.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
mTest.add(testDlg);
menubar.add(mTest);
fr.setMenuBar(menubar);
fr.setBounds(100, 100, 300, 200);
fr.setVisible(true);
fr.addWindowListener(
new WindowAdapter()
{
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
{
System.exit(0);
125
}
}
);
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class MessageBox
{
Dialog msgBox;
/* ----------------------------------------------------------------
// Contructor cua lop MessageBox
// parentWindow: cua so cha
// title: Tieu de cua Dialog
// msg: chuoi thong bao
-----------------------------------------------------------------*/
public MessageBox(Frame parentWindow, String msg,
String title)
{
if (parentWindow == null)
{
Frame emptyWin = new Frame();
// Tao Modal Dialog (tham so thu 3:true)
msgBox = new Dialog(emptyWin, title, true);
}
else
{
msgBox = new Dialog(parentWindow, title, true);
}
126
msgBox.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
// Dua nhan thong bao Label vao khung chua Dialog
msgBox.add(Message);
// Dua nut nhan OK vao trong khung chua Dialog
Button okButton = new Button("OK");
msgBox.add(okButton);
// Khai bao kich thuoc cua cua so thong bao
msgBox.setSize(200, 100);
127
Chng 5: LUNG V TP TIN
128
5.2.Lung (Streams)
5.2.1.Khi nim lung
Tt c nhng hot ng nhp/xut d liu (nhp d liu t
bn phm, ly d liu t mng v, ghi d liu ra a, xut d
liu ra mn hnh, my in, ) u c quy v mt khi nim
gi l lung (stream). Lung l ni c th sn xut v tiu
th thng tin. Lung thng c h thng xut nhp trong
java gn kt vi mt thit b vt l. Tt c cc lung u c
chung mt nguyn tc hot ng ngay c khi chng c gn
kt vi cc thit b vt l khc nhau. V vy cng mt lp,
phng thc xut nhp c th dng chung cho cc thit b vt l
khc nhau. Chng hn cng mt phng thc c th dng
ghi d liu ra console, ng thi cng c th dng ghi d
liu xung mt file trn a. Java hin thc lung bng tp hp
cc lp phn cp trong gi java.io.
Java nh ngha hai kiu lung: byte v k t (phin bn gc
ch nh ngha kiu lung byte, v sau lung k t c
thm vo trong cc phin bn v sau).
Lung byte (hay lung da trn byte) h tr vic xut nhp
d liu trn byte, thng c dng khi c ghi d liu nh
phn.
Lung k t c thit k h tr vic xut nhp d liu kiu
k t (Unicode). Trong mt vi trng hp lung k t s dng
hiu qu hn lung byte, nhng mc h thng th tt c nhng
xut nhp u phi qui v byte. Lung k t h tr hiu qu ch
i vi vic qun l, x l cc k t.
5.2.2.Lung byte (Byte Streams)
Cc lung byte c nh ngha dng hai lp phn cp.
Mc trn cng l hai lp tru tng InputStream v
OutputStream. InputStream nh ngha nhng c im chung
cho nhng lung nhp byte. OutputStream m t cch x l ca
cc lung xut byte.
129
Cc lp con dn xut t hai lp InputStream v
OutputStream s h tr chi tit tng ng vi vic c ghi d
liu trn nhng thit b khc nhau. ng chong ngp vi hng
lot rt nhiu cc lp khc nhau. ng qu lo lng, mi khi bn
nm vng, s dng thnh tho mt lung byte no th bn d
dng lm vic vi nhng lung cn li.
130
PipedOutputStream Lung nhp byte kiu ng (piped)
thng phi c gn vi mt lung
nhp kiu ng to nn mt kt ni
trao i d liu kiu ng.
PrintStream Lung xut c cha phng thc print()
v println()
PushbackInputStream L mt lung nhp kiu Byte m h tr
thao tc tr li (push back) v phc hi
thao tc c mt byte (unread)
RandomAccessFile H tr cc thao tc c, ghi i vi file
truy cp ngu nhin.
SequenceInputStream L mt lung nhp c to nn bng
cch ni kt logic cc lung nhp khc.
5.2.3.Lung k t (Character Streams)
Cc lung k t c nh ngha dng hai lp phn cp.
Mc trn cng l hai lp tru tng Reader v Writer. Lp
Reader dng cho vic nhp d liu ca lung, lp Writer dng
cho vic xut d liu cua lung. Nhng lp dn xut t Reader
v Writer thao tc trn cc lung k t Unicode.
Lp lung k t ngha
BufferedReader Lung nhp k t c d liu vo mt
vng m.
BufferedWriter Lung xut k t ghi d liu ti mt vng
m.
CharArrayReader Lung nhp c d liu t mt mng k
t
CharArrayWriter Lung xut ghi d liu ti mt mng k
t
131
FileReader Lung nhp k t c d liu t file
FileWriter Lung xut k t ghi d liu n file
FilterReader Lp c d liu trung gian (lp tru
tng)
FilterWriter Lp xut trung gian tru tng
InputStreamReader Lung nhp chuyn bytes thnh cc k t
LineNumberReader Lung nhp m dng
OutputStreamWriter Lung xut chuyn nhng k t thnh cc
bytes
PipedReader Lung c d liu bng c ch ng ng
PipedWriter Lung ghi d liu bng c ch ng ng
PrintWriter Lung ghi vn bn ra thit b xut (cha
phng thc print() v println() )
PushbackReader Lung nhp cho php c v khi phc
li d liu
Reader Lp nhp d liu tru tng
StringReader Lung nhp c d liu t chui
StringWriter Lung xut ghi d liu ra chui
Writer Lp ghi d liu tru tng
5.2.4.Nhng lung c nh ngha trc (The Predefined
Streams)
Tt c cc chng trnh vit bng java lun t ng import
gi java.lang. Gi ny c nh ngha lp System, bao gm mt
s c im ca mi trng run-time, n c ba bin lung c
nh ngha trc l in, out v err, cc bin ny l cc fields
c khai bo static trong lp System.
132
System.out: lung xut chun, mc nh l console.
System.out l mt i tng kiu PrintStream.
System.in: lung nhp chun, mc nh l bn phm.
System.in l mt i tng kiu InputStream.
System.err: lung li chun, mc nh cng l console.
System.out cng l mt i tng kiu PrintStream
ging System.out.
5.3.S dng lung Byte
Nh chng ta bit hai lp InputStream v OutputStream
l hai siu lp (cha) i vi tt c nhng lp lung xut nhp
kiu byte. Nhng phng thc trong hai siu lp ny nm ra
cc li kiu IOException. Nhng phng thc nh ngha trong
hai siu lp ny l c th dng trong cc lp con ca chng. V
vy tp cc phng thc l tp ti tiu cc chc nng nhp
xut m nhng lung nhp xut kiu byte c th s dng.
Nhng phng thc nh ngha trong lp
InputStream v OutputStream
Phng thc ngha
InputStream
int available( ) Tr v s lung bytes c th c c
t lung nhp
void close( )
ng lung nhp v gii phng ti
nguyn h thng gn vi lung.
Khng thnh cng s nm ra mt li
IOException
void mark(int numBytes)
nh du v tr hin ti trong lung
nhp
boolean markSupported( )
Kim tra xem lung nhp c h tr
phng thc mark() v reset() khng.
133
int read( )
c byte tip theo t lung nhp
int read(byte buffer[ ])
c buffer.length bytes v lu vo
trong vng nh buffer. Kt qu tr v
s bytes tht s c c
int read(byte buffer[ ], int
offset, c numBytes bytes bt u t a ch
int numBytes) offset v lu vo trong vng nh
buffer. Kt qu tr v s bytes tht s
c c
void reset( )
Nhy con tr n v tr c xc nh
bi vic gi hm mark() ln sau cng.
long skip(long numBytes)
Nhy qua numBytes d liu t lung
nhp
OutputStream
void close( )
ng lung xut v gii phng ti
nguyn h thng gn vi lung.
Khng thnh cng s nm ra mt li
IOException
void flush( )
p d liu t b m phi ghi ngay
xung lung (nu c)
void write(int b)
Ghi byte d liu ch nh xung lung
void write(byte buffer[ ])
Ghi buffer.length bytes d liu t
mng ch nh xung lung
void write(byte buffer[ ], int
offset, Ghi numBytes bytes d liu t v tr
int numBytes) offset ca mng ch nh buffer xung
lung
5.3.1.c d liu t Console
134
chng ta c th dng c lung byte v lung k t, nhng trong
mt s trng hp thc t c d liu t Console ngi ta
thch dng lung kiu k t hn, v l do n gin v d bo tr
chng trnh. y vi mc ch minh ha chng ta dng
lung byte thc hin vic nhp xut Console.
Import java.io.*;
class ReadBytes
{
public static void main(String args[])
throws IOException
{
byte data[] = new byte[100];
System.out.print("Enter some characters.");
System.in.read(data);
System.out.print("You entered: ");
for(int i=0; i < data.length; i++)
System.out.print((char) data[i]);
}
}
135
lung byte. K t phin bn 1.1 (c thm lung k t), xut
d liu ra Console c th s dng c lung k t v lung byte.
Tuy nhin, cho n nay xut d liu ra Console thng
ngi ta vn dng lung byte.
136
trn file c thc hin mt cch bnh thng thng qua cc
phng thc cung cp trong lung.
5.3.3.1 c d liu t file
M mt file c d liu
FileInputStream(String fileName) throws
FileNotFoundException
Nu file khng tn ti: th nm ra
FileNotFoundException
c d liu: dng phng thc read()
int read( ) throws IOException: c tng byte t file v
tr v gi tr ca byte c c. Tr v -1 khi ht file, v
nm ra IOException khi c li c.
ng file: dng phng thc close()
void close( ) throws IOException: sau khi lm vic xong
cn ng file gii phng ti nguyn h thng cp
pht cho file.
V d:
/*
Hin th ni dung ca mt file tn test.txt lu tiD:\test.txt
*/
import java.io.*;
class ShowFile
{
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException
{
int i;
FileInputStream fin;
try
{
fin = new FileInputStream(D:\\test.txt);
}
catch(FileNotFoundException exc)
{
System.out.println("File Not Found");
137
return;
}
catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException exc)
{
System.out.println("Usage: ShowFile File");
return;
}
138
void close( ) throws IOException: sau khi lm vic xong
cn ng file gii phng ti nguyn h thng cp
pht cho file.
139
System.out.println("Error Opening Output
File");
return;
}
}
catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException exc)
{
System.out.println("Usage: CopyFile From To");
return;
}
// Copy File
try
{
do
{
i = fin.read();
if(i != -1) fout.write(i);
} while(i != -1);
}
catch(IOException exc)
{
System.out.println("File Error");
}
fin.close();
fout.close();
}
}
140
5.3.4.c v ghi d liu nh phn
141
DataInputStream: hin thc interface DataInput. Interface
DataInput c cc phng thc cho php c tt c nhng kiu
d liu c s ca java (theo nh dng nh phn).
Phng thc ngha
boolean readBoolean( ) c mt gi tr boolean
Byte readByte( ) c mt byte
char readChar( ) c mt Char
double readDouble( ) c mt gi tr Double
float readFloat( ) c mt gi tr float
int readInt( ) c mt gi tr int
Long readLong( ) c mt gi tr long
short readShort( ) c mt gi tr short
Contructor: DataInputStream(InputStream inputStream)
InputStream: l lung nhp d liu. d liu t file th
i tng InputStream c th l FileInputStream.
V d: dng DataOutputStream v DataInputStream ghi v
c nhng kiu d liu khc nhau trn file.
import java.io.*;
class RWData
{
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException
{
DataOutputStream dataOut;
DataInputStream dataIn;
int i = 10;
double d = 1023.56;
boolean b = true;
try
{
dataOut = new DataOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream("D:\\testdata"));
}
catch(IOException exc)
142
{
System.out.println("Cannot open file.");
return;
}
try
{
System.out.println("Writing " + i);
dataOut.writeInt(i);
System.out.println("Writing " + d);
dataOut.writeDouble(d);
System.out.println("Writing " + b);
dataOut.writeBoolean(b);
System.out.println("Writing " + 12.2 * 7.4);
dataOut.writeDouble(12.2 * 7.4);
}
catch(IOException exc)
{
System.out.println("Write error.");
}
dataOut.close();
System.out.println();
143
try
{
i = dataIn.readInt();
System.out.println("Reading " + i);
d = dataIn.readDouble();
System.out.println("Reading " + d);
b = dataIn.readBoolean();
System.out.println("Reading " + b);
d = dataIn.readDouble();
System.out.println("Reading " + d);
}
catch(IOException exc)
{ System.out.println("Read error.");
}
dataIn.close();
}
}
Kt qu c v xut ra Console:
144
5.4.File truy cp ngu nhin (Random Access Files)
import java.io.*;
class RandomAccessDemo
{
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException
{
double data[] = {19.4, 10.1, 123.54, 33.0, 87.9, 74.25};
double d;
RandomAccessFile raf;
try
{
raf = new RandomAccessFile("D:\\random.dat",
"rw");
}
catch(FileNotFoundException exc)
{
System.out.println("Cannot open file.");
return ;
}
145
// Write values to the file.
for(int i=0; i < data.length; i++)
{
try
{
raf.writeDouble(data[i]);
}
catch(IOException exc)
{
System.out.println("Error writing to file.");
return ;
}
}
try
{
// Now, read back specific values
raf.seek(0); // seek to first double
d = raf.readDouble();
System.out.println("First value is " + d);
raf.seek(8); // seek to second double
d = raf.readDouble();
System.out.println("Second value is " + d);
raf.seek(8 * 3); // seek to fourth double
d = raf.readDouble();
System.out.println("Fourth value is " + d);
System.out.println();
146
System.out.println("\n");
}
catch(IOException exc)
{
System.out.println("Error seeking or reading.");
}
raf.close();
}
}
147
Reader
abstract void close( ) ng lung
void mark(int numChars) nh du v tr hin ti trn lung
boolean markSupported( ) Kim tra xem lung c h tr
thao tc nh du mark() khng?
int read( ) c mt k t
148
5.5.1.Nhp Console dng lung k t
c c mt i tng InputStreamReader gn vi
System.in ta dng constructor ca InputStreamReader.
InputStreamReader(InputStream inputStream)
V d: To mt BufferedReader gn vi Keyboard
149
new InputStreamReader(System.in));
// read characters
do
{
c = (char) br.read();
System.out.println(c);
} while(c != '.');
}
}
150
do
{
str = br.readLine();
System.out.println(str);
} while(!str.equals("stop"));
}
}
Kt qu thc thi chng trnh:
151
double d = 123.67;
double r = i+d
pw.println("Using a PrintWriter.");
pw.println(i);
pw.println(d);
pw.println(i + " + " + d + " = " + r);
}
}
Kt qu thc thi chng trnh:
152
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(System.in));
try
{
fw = new FileWriter("D:\\test.txt");
}
catch(IOException exc)
{
System.out.println("Khong the mo file.");
return ;
}
do
{
System.out.print(": ");
str = br.readLine();
if(str.compareTo("stop") == 0) break;
str = str + "\r\n";
fw.write(str);
} while(str.compareTo("stop") != 0);
fw.close();
}
}
Kt qu thc thi chng trnh
D liu nhp t Console:
153
D liu ghi xung file:
fr.close();
}
}
Kt qu thc thi chng trnh
Ni dung ca file test.txt:
154
Kt qu c file v hin th ra Console:
5.6.Lp File
Lp File khng phc v cho vic nhp/xut d liu trn
lung. Lp File thng c dng bit c cc thng tin
chi tit v tp tin cng nh th mc (tn, ngy gi to, kch
thc, )
java.lang.Object
+--java.io.File
Cc Constructor:
To i tng File t ng dn tuyt i
public File(String pathname)
v d: File f = new File(C:\\Java\\vd1.java);
To i tng File t tn ng dn v tn tp tin tch bit
public File(String parent, String child)
v d: File f = new File(C:\\Java, vd1.java);
To i tng File t mt i tng File khc
public File(File parent, String child)
v d: File dir = new File (C:\\Java);
File f = new File(dir, vd1.java);
155
Mt s phng thc thng gp ca lp File (chi tit v cc
phng thc c thm trong ti liu J2SE API Specification)
public String getName() Ly tn ca i tng File
public String getPath() Ly ng dn ca tp tin
V d:
import java.awt.*;
import java.io.*;
public class FileDemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
Frame fr = new Frame ("File Demo");
fr.setBounds(10, 10, 300, 200);
fr.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
156
for (int i=0;i<dirs_C.length;i++)
{ File f = new File ("C:\\" + dirs_C[i]);
if (f.isDirectory())
list_C.add("<DIR>" + dirs_C[i]);
else
list_C.add(" " + dirs_C[i]);
}
p.add(list_C);
p.add(list_D);
fr.add(p, BorderLayout.CENTER);
fr.setVisible(true);
}
}
Kt qu thc thi chng trnh:
157
Chng 6: LP TRNH C S D LIU
6.1.GII THIU
Hu ht cc chng trnh my tnh hin ny u t nhiu lin
quan n vic truy xut thng tin trong cc c s d liu. Chnh
v th nn cc thao tc h tr lp trnh c s d liu l chc
nng khng th thiu ca cc ngn ng lp trnh hin i, trong
c Java. JDBC API l th vin cha cc lp v giao din h
tr lp trnh vin Java kt ni v truy cp n cc h c s d
liu.
Phin bn JDBC API mi nht hin nay l 3.0, l mt thnh
phn trong J2SE, nm trong 2 gi th vin:
java.sql: cha cc lp v giao din c s ca
JDBC API.
javax.sql: cha cc lp v giao din m rng.
JDBC API cung cp c ch cho php mt chng trnh vit
bng Java c kh nng c lp vi cc h c s d liu, c kh
nng truy cp n cc h c s d liu khc nhau m khng cn
vit li chng trnh. JDBC n gin ha vic to v thi hnh
cc cu truy vn SQL trong chng trnh.
158
Nh vy kin trc ca JDBC gm 2 tng: tng u tin l cc
JDBC API, c nhim v chuyn cc cu lnh SQL cho b qun
l trnh iu khin JDBC; tng th 2 l cc JDBC Driver API,
thc hin nhim v lin h v trnh iu khin ca h qun tr
c s d liu c th.
159
Hnh bn di minh ha cc lp v giao din c bn trong
JDBC API.
160
c s dng ph bin nht trong nhng ngy u
Java xut hin. Tuy nhin, ngy nay trnh iu
khin loi ny khng cn ph bin do c nhiu
hn ch. Trnh iu khin loi ny lun c cung
cp km trong b J2SE vi tn:
sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver.
6.3.2.JDBC URL
c th kt ni vi CSDL, chng ta cn xc nh ngun d
liu cng vi cc thng s lin quan di dng 1 URL nh sau:
jdbc:<subprotocol>:<dsn>:<others>
Trong :
<subprotocol>: c dng xc nh trnh iu
khin kt ni vi CSDL.
<dsn>: a ch CSDL. C php ca <dsn> ph
thuc vo tng trnh iu khin c th.
<other>: cc tham s khc
V d:
162
jdbc:odbc:dbname l URL kt ni vi CSDL
tn dbname s dng cu ni ODBC.
jdbc:microsoft:sqlserver://hostname:1433 l URL
kt ni vi CSDL Microsoft SQL Server.
Trong hostname l tn my ci SQL Server.
6.4.KT NI CSDL VI JDBC
Vic kt ni vi CSDL bng JDBC c thc hin qua hai
bc: ng k trnh iu khin JDBC; tip theo thc thi
phng thc getConnection() ca lp DriverManager.
6.4.1.ng k trnh iu khin
Trnh iu khin JDBC c np khi m bytecode ca n c
np vo JVM. Mt cch n gin thc hin cng vic ny l
thc thi phng thc Class.forName(<JDBC Driver>).
V d: np trnh iu khin s dng cu ni ODBC do Sun
cung cp, chng ta s dng cu lnh sau
Class.forName(sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver).
6.4.2.Thc hin kt ni
Sau khi np trnh iu khin JDBC, vic kt ni vi CSDL
c thc hin vi mt trong cc phng thc sau trong lp
DriverManager:
public static Connection getConnection(String url)
throws SQLException: thc hin kt ni vi
CSDL c yu cu. B qun l trnh iu khin
s t ng la chn trnh iu khin ph hp trong
s cc trnh iu khin c np.
public static Connection getConnection(String url,
String user, String pass) throws SQLException:
tin hnh kt ni ti CSDL vi ti khon user v
mt m pass.
public static Connection getConnection(String url,
Properties info) throws SQLException: tng t
hai phng thc trn ngoi ra cung cp thm cc
163
thng tin qui nh thuc tnh kt ni thng qua i
tng ca lp Properties.
Kt qu tr v ca cc phng thc trn l mt i tng ca
lp java.sql.Connection c dng i din cho kt ni n
CSDL.
6.4.3.V d
Trong phn v d ny chng ta s tm hiu cc cch khc nhau
kt ni vi tp tin CSDl Access movies.mdb c mt bng tn
Movies. Bng ny gm cc ct number, title, category v fomat.
164
Tip theo nhn vo nt Add, bn s thy hin th danh sch cc
trnh iu khin CSDL hin c.
165
Bn chn Microsoft Access Driver(*.mdb) v nhn Finish. Ca
s cu hnh cho tp tin Access s xut hin v nhp moviesDSN
vo Data Source Name
166
Sau khi hon tt cng vic to DSN cho tp tin movies.mdb,
chng ta c th s dng on m sau tin hnh kt ni vi
tp tin movies.mdb.
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;
public class TestConnection{
public static void main(String args[]) {
Connection connection = null;
if( args.length != 1) {
System.out.println("Syntax: java TestConnection " +
"DSN");
return;
}
try { // load driver
Class.forName("sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver");
System.out.println("Loading the driver...");
}
catch( Exception e ) { //problem load driver,class not
exist
e.printStackTrace( );
return;
}
try {
String dbURL = "jdbc:odbc:" + args[0];
System.out.println("Establishing connection...");
connection =
DriverManager.getConnection(dbURL,"","");
System.out.println("Connect to +
connection.getCatalog() + successfully!");
// Do whatever queries or updates you want here!!!
}
catch( SQLException e ) {
e.printStackTrace( );
}
167
finally {
if( connection != null ) {
try { connection.close( ); }
catch( SQLException e ) {
e.printStackTrace( );
}
}
}
}
}
Sau khi bin dch on chng trnh trn, chng ta c th thc
hin kt ni vi CSDL bng cch thc thi cu lnh:
java TestConnection moviesDSN
168
DECIMAL java.math.BigDecimal
NUMERIC java.math.BigDecimal
CHAR java.lang.String
VARCHAR java.lang.String
LONGVARCHAR java.lang.String
DATE java.sql.Date
TIME java.sql.Time
TIMESTAMP java.sql.Timestamp
BINARY byte[ ]
VARBINARY byte[ ]
LONGVARBINARY byte[ ]
BLOB java.sql.Blob
CLOB Java.sql.Clob
ARRAY Java.sql.Array
REF Java.sql.Ref
STRUCT Java.sql.Struct
169
java.sql.Struct STRUCT
170
Phng thc execute() l trng hp tng qut ca 2
phng thc trn. Phng thc nhn vo chui ni dung
cu lnh SQL. Cu lnh SQL c th l cu lnh truy vn
hoc cp nht. Nu kt qu ca cu lnh l cc dng
trong CSDL th phng thc tr v gi tr true, ngc li
tr v gi tr false. Trong trng hp gi tr true, sau
chng ta c th dng phng thc getResultSet() ly
cc dng kt qu tr v.
java.sql.ResultSet
i tng resultset l cc dng d liu tr v ca cu
lnh truy vn CSDL. Lp ny cung cp cc phng thc
rt trch cc ct trong tng dng kt qu tr v. Tt
c cc phng thc ny u c dng:
type getType(int | String)
Trong tham s c th l s th t ca ct hoc tn ct
cn ly ni dung.
Ti 1 thi im chng ta ch c th thao tc trn 1 dng
ca resultset. thao tc trn dng tip theo chng ta s
dng phng thc next(). Phng thc tr v gi tr true
trong trng hp c dng tip theo, ngc li tr v gi
tr false.
6.6.2.V d truy vn CSDL
171
public int getNumber(){return number;}
import java.sql.*;
172
ResultSet results = selectAll.executeQuery(sql);
while(results.next()){
int number = results.getInt(1);
String title = results.getString("title");
String category = results.getString(3);
String format = results.getString(4);
import java.sql.*;
173
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
6.6.3.V d cp nht CSDL
Phng thc addMovie() bn di c thm vo lp
MovieDatabase nh ngha v d trn.
public class MovieDatabase{
public void addMovie(Movie movie){
System.out.println(Adding movie: + movie.toString());
try{
Statement addMovie = connection.createStatement();
String sql = INSERT INTO Movies VALUES(
+ movie.getNumber() + ,
+ + movie.getMovieTitle() + ,
+ + movie.getCategory() + ,
+ + movie.getFormat() + );
System.out.println(Executing statement: + sql);
addMovie.executeUpdate(sql);
addMovie.close();
System.out.println(Movie added successfully!);
}
catch(SQLException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
import java.sql.*;
174
System.out.println(Attempting to connect to + url);
try{
System.out.println(Loading the driver...);
Class.forName(sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver);
System.out.println(Establishing a connection...);
Connection connection =
DriverManager.getConnection(url);
System.out.println(Connect to
+ connection.getCatalog() + a success!);
MovieDatabase db = new
MovieDatabase(connection);
Movie [] movies = new Movie[6];
movies[0] = new Movie(1, Star Wars: A New Hope,
Science Fiction, DVD);
movies[1] = new Movie(2, Citizen Kane, Drama,
VHS);
movies[2] = new Movie(3, The Jungle Book,
Children, VHS);
movies[3] = new Movie(4, Dumb and Dumber,
Comedy, DVD);
movies[4] = new Movie(5, Star Wars: Attack of the
Clones, Science Fiction, DVD);
movies[5] = new Movie(6, Toy Story, Children,
DVD);
for(int i = 0; i < movies.length; i++){
db.addMovie(movies[i]);
}
System.out.println(Closing the connection...);
connection.close();
}
catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
175
Ti liu tham kho:
[1] java.sun.com
[2] Herbert Schildt. Java 2. A Beginners Guide. Second
Edition. McGraw-Hill - 2003.
[3] Dr. Harvey M. Deitel - Paul J. Deitel. Java How to
Program, 4th Ed (Deitel). Prentice Hall - 2002
[4] Simon Roberts Philip Heller Michael Ernest. Complete
Java 2 Certification study guide. BPB Publications 2000.
[5] Cay S. Horstmann Gary Cornell. Core Java Volum 1 -
Fundamentals. The Sun Microsystems press. 1997
[6] Cay S. Horstmann Gary Cornell. Core Java Volum 2
Advanced Features. The Sun Microsystems press. 1997
176
Ph lc A: Trc nghim kin thc
1. Chn pht biu ng
a. InputStream v OuputStream l 2 lung d liu kiu byte
b. Reader v Writer l 2 lung d liu kiu character.
c. Cu a) v b) ng
d. Tt c cc cu trn u sai
a. 2 bytes
b. 4 bytes
c. 8 bytes
d. 16 bytes
177
4. Cho bit cch to mt th hin ca InputStreamReader t
mt th hin ca InputStream.
a. S dng phng thc createReader() ca lp InputStream
b. S dng phng thc createReader() ca lp
InputStreamReader
c. To mt th hin ca InputStream ri truyn vo cho hm
khi to ca InputStreamReader
d. Tt c cc cu trn u sai
178
d. Khng th c nhiu hn mt b lng nghe cho cng mt
loi s kin
179
a. CardLayout
b. nullLayout
c. BorderLayout
d. SetLayout
a. GridLayout
b. FlowLayout
c. BorderLayout
d. GridBagLayout
180
a. cont.add(comp)
b. comp.add(cont)
c. cont.addComponent(comp)
d. cont.addAllComponents()
181
c. TextField extends TextComponent
d. TextComponent extends TextField
182
26. Lp no sau y dng thc hin cc thao tc nhp xut
c bn vi console
a. System
b. Math
c. String
d. StringBuffer
a. on m khng c li
b. iu kin ca cu lnh if phi c kiu boolean thay v
Boolean
c. Ch s ca cu lnh for l int thay v Integer
d. Cu b) v c)
183
b. s.toUpperCase()
c. s.replace()
d. Cu a) v b) ng
a. S1
b. S2
c. S1S2
d. S2S1
184
a. S1
b. S2
c. null
d. S1S2
185
35. Chn khai bo ng cho phng thc main()
a. public static void main( )
b. public void main(String[] arg)
c. public static void main(String[] args)
d. public static int main(String[] arg)
186
12 : theHolder.held++;
13 : }
14 : }
Gi tr in ra ca cu lnh dng th 6 l:
a. 0
b. 1
c. 100
d. 101
187
41. Min gi tr ca bin kiu byte l:
a. N ph thuc vo nn phn cng bn di
b. T 0 n 28 1
c. T -27 n 27 1
d. T -215 n 215 1
188
int x = 100; float y = 100.0F;
if (x == y)
{
System.out.println(Equal);
}
b.
Integer x = new Integer(100);
Integer y = new Integer(100);
if (x == y)
{
System.out.println(Equal);
}
c.
String x = 100; String y = 100;
if (x == y)
{
System.out.println(Equal);
}
d. Cu a. v c. ng
47. Cho bit kt qu sau khi thi hnh chng trnh sau:
1 : public class Short{
2: public static void main(String[] args){
3: StringBuffer s = new StringBuffer(Hello);
4: if ((s.length() > 5) &&
5: s.append( there).equals(False)))
6: ;//do nothing
7: System.out.println(value is + s);
8: }
9: }
a. Gi tr xut l Hello
b. Li bin dch ti dng 4 v 5
c. Khng c gi tr xut
d. Thng bo NullPointerException
189
48. Cho bit kt qu sau khi thc hin chng trnh sau:
1 : public class Xor{
2: public static void main(String[] args){
3: byte b = 10;//00001010
4: byte c = 15;//00001111
5: b = (byte)(b ^ c);
6: System.out.println(b contains + b);
7: }
8: }
a. Kt qu l: b contains 10
b. Kt qu l: b contains 5
c. Kt qu l: b contains 250
d. Kt qu l: b contains 245
49. Cho bit kt qu sau khi bin dch v thi hnh chng trnh
sau:
1 : public class Conditional{
2: public static void mai n(String[] args){
3: int x = 4;
4: System.out.println(value is +
5: ((x > 4 ? 99.99 : 9));
6: }
7: }
a. Kt qu l: value is 99.99
b. Kt qu l: value is 9
c. Kt qu l: value is 9.0
d. Li bin dch ti dng s 5
190
51. Chn cu khai bo khng hp l
a. String s;
b. abstract double d;
c. abstract final double hyperbolCosine();
d. Tt c cc cu trn u ng
191
54. Chn pht biu ng cho chng trnh sau
1 : class StaticStuff
2: {
3: static int x = 10;
4:
5: static {x += 5;}
6:
7: public static void main(String args[])
8: {
9: System.out.pritln(x = + x);
10 : }
11 :
12 : static {x /= 5}
13 : }
a. Li bin dch ti dng 5 v 12 bi v thiu tn phng thc
v kiu tr v
b. Chng trnh chy v cho kt qu x = 10
c. Chng trnh chy v cho kt qu x = 15
d. Chng trnh chy v cho kt qu x = 3
192
15 : }
16 : }
a. Chng trnh chy v cho kt qu x = 102
b. Chng trnh chy v cho kt qu x = 103
c. Chng trnh chy v cho kt qu x = 104
d. Tt c cc cu trn u sai
193
1 : package abcde;
2:
3 : class Parrot extends abcde.Bird{
4: public void fly(){
5: //
6: }
7: public int getRefCount(){
8: return referenceCount;
9: }
10 : }
a. Li bin dch dng 4 tp tin Parrot.java v phng thc
fly() l protected trong lp cha v lp Bird v Parrot nm trong
cng package
b. Li bin dch dng 4 tp tin Parrot.java v phng thc
fly() l protected trong lp cha v public trong lp con.
c. Li bin dch dng 7 tp tin Parrot.java v phng thc
getRefCount() l static trong lp cha.
d. Chng trnh bin dch thnh cng nhng s pht sinh
Exception khi chy nu phng thc fly() ca lp Parrot khng
c gi
194
a. Kt qu trn mn hnh l: Before: 0 After: 2
b. Kt qu trn mn hnh l: Before: 0 After: 1
c. Li bin dch dng 4 ca lp Nightingale v khng th
overidde thnh vin static
d. Li bin dch dng 10 ca lp Nightingale v phng thc
fly() l protected trong lp cha.
195
1: byte b = 2;
2: byte b1 = 3;
3: b = b * b1;
a. Dng 1
b. Dng 2
c. Dng 3
d. Tt c cc cu trn u ng
196
b. Dng 12 s khng bin dch v khng c phin bn no ca
phng thc crunch() nhn vo tham s kiu char
c. on m bin dch c nhng s pht sinh Exception
dng 12
d. Chng trnh chy v in ra kt qu: int version
197
Animal
Mammal
198
6 :wawa = sunflower;
7 :pogo = (SwampThing)wawa;
Hy chn pht biu
a. Dng 6 khng th bin dch; cn c mt php p kiu
chuyn t kiu Cat sang kiu Washer
b. Dng 7 khng th bin dch v khng th p t kiu
interface sang kiu class
c. on m s dch v chy nhng php p kiu dng 7 l
tha v c th b di
d. on m bin dch thnh cng nhng s pht sinh
Exceptiono dng 7 v kiu lp ca i tng trong bin wawa
lc thi hnh khng th chuyn sang kiu SwampThing
199
3: if (i == j){
4: continue;
5: }
6: System.out.println(i = + i + j = + j);
7: }
8: }
200
5: int i = 3;
6: while (i){
7: System.out.println(i is + i);
8: }
c.
1: int j = 0;
2: for(int k = 0; j + k != 10; j++, k++){
3: System.out.println(j is + j + k is + k);
4: }
d.
1: int j = 0;
2: do{
3: System.out.println(j is + j++);
4: if (j == 3) { continue loop;}
5: }while (j < 10);
201
d. message four
74. Cho bit kt qu sau khi dch v thc thi on chng trnh
sau:
1. import java.awt.*;
2.
3. public class Test extends Frame {
4. Test() {
5. setSize(300,300);
6. Button b = new Button(Apply);
7. add(b);
8. }
9.
10. public static void main(String args[]) {
11. Test f = new Test();
12. f.setVisible(true);
202
13. }
14. }
a) C li bin dch ti dng 11 bi v constructor dng 4
khng khai bo public.
b) Chng trnh bin dch thnh cng nhng c s nm ra
exception khi thc thi cu lnh dng th 7.
c) Chng trnh hin th frame trng.
d) Chng trnh hin th 1 nt nhn (Button) s dng font ch
mc nh cho nhn ca Button. Button ch ln bao quanh
nhn ca n.
e) Chng trnh hin th nt nhn (Button) dng font ch mc
nh cho nhn nt. Nt nhn s chon tt c vng hin th ca
frame.
203
a) FlowLayout
b) BorderLayout
c) GridLayout
d) GridBagLayout
204
Ph Lc B: p n trc nghim kin thc
1.c; 2.b; 3.d; 4.c; 5.d; 6.d; 7.c; 8.a; 9.d; 10.a; 11.a; 12.c; 13.b;
14.d; 15.a; 16.d; 17.a; 18.c; 19.a; 20.c; 21.a; 22.a; 23.a; 24.a;
25.c; 26.a; 27.a; 28.d; 29.d; 30.c; 31.b; 32.a; 33.b; 34.d; 35.c;
36.c; 37.d; 38.d; 39.c; 40.c; 41.c; 42.c; 43.d; 44.a; 45.d; 46.d;
47.a; 48.b; 49.c; 50.b; 51.d; 52.b; 53.a; 54.d; 55.c; 56.d; 57.c;
58.a; 59.c; 60.d; 61.c; 62.d; 63.d; 64.d; 65.c; 66.d; 67.d; 68.b;
69.c; 70.d; 71.c; 72.d; 73.d; 74.e; 75.a; 76.b; 77.a; 78.a; 79.b;
80.d; 81.c; 82.d
205
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