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Balancing Procedure: PT - Armindo Jaya Mandiri Electro Mechanical Workshop
Balancing Procedure: PT - Armindo Jaya Mandiri Electro Mechanical Workshop
BALANCING PROCEDURE
The measuring units have to be switched on some time before starting the machine
so that they reach working temperature (approx 15-30 min)
BEARINGS
The pedestals have to be fixed to the bed at correct distance from each other as well
as from the drive. If necessary lubricate the sliding surfaces with oil before
displacing the pedestal. Height adjustment of the roller bearing has to be performed
in accordance with the journal diameter of the rotor.
DRIVE
Place rotor on to the bearings.
Close counter support
Adjust roll or hold-down so that the journals just dont touch the rotor.
ELECTRONIC UNIT
Set electronic unit in accordance with rotor dimensions, balancing speed and mode
of compensation.
Apply black and white marking to the rotor.
Set photo scanning head.
Switch on driving motor.
c) The rotor with the unbalance U is supposed to be turned by the angle about the
center E invariable with respect to the phase generator or the contrasted marking
for the photoelectric head.
The new unbalance reading would still
correspond to the vectorial resultant of the same
components E and U, the magnitudes of
which are kept unchanged, whereas the angle is
modified by the amount. Or in other term the
vector terms the vector U would describe a
circle about the center E when the rotor turn
about the fitted seat.
d) This would open a way for practical determination of the center E by carrying
out successive runs with the rotor displaced angularly step by step (indexing) with
respect to the fitted seat of the shaft, until the reading plotted on to the dial of the
instrument (or on to a special diagram on graph paper) would sufficiently outline
the shape of the circle described by the vector U :
The radius of this circle corresponds to the unbalance of the rotor; the center of the
circle is the reference spot, with respect to which this unbalance should be
compensated for.
Two measurement with respective reading A1 and A2 (see fig d1 and d2) are as a
rule sufficient to answer the question correctly. The arbitrarily chosen amount of
angular displacement should be exactly known. An angle of 180o is often used for
practical reasons.
AUXILIARY SHAFTS
Rotor without own shaft are either placed on an auxiliary shaft or connected to
intermediate flanges unless balancing on a vertical machine is preferred.
In order to keep in actual operation the fine condition of balance achieved on the balancing
machine, the accuracy of the auxiliary shaft has to be frequently ascertained. The closed fit
with respect to the mating portion of the rotor of the cylindrical seat or the centering
shoulder of the auxiliary shaft, as well as therate of eccentricity of the same shown by the
amount of radial beat, have to be checked at regular intervals. Notwithstanding an accurate
balancing on the machine, an excessive radial beat could cause the rotor to display in
actual operation an unbalance, the magnitude of which depends upon the rate of
eccentricity of the mating surfaces of the auxiliary shaft.
Should for instance the cylindrical seat of the auxiliary shaft be affected with a radial beat
of 12 (0.00047 in) measured by means of a dial-gauge, a rotor balanced up to zero on
such a shaft would still display with respect to its geometrical axis an unbalance by
eccentricity of the center of gravity of 6 (0.00024 in). The accuracy achieved on the
machine was merely seeming!
For this reason the auxiliary shaft have to be handled with care and kept from shocks,
concussion and falls.
The accuracy of balancing depends also upon the tolerances of the fit between the mating
portion of the auxiliary shaft and the rotor. The corresponding allowance has to be
considered in the expected magnitude of the accumulative unbalance limit along with the
similar tolerances originating from the eventual assembly of the finished mechanical unit.
Should for instance the maximum permissible variation of the center of gravity amount to
5 (0.0002 in) the sum of the following partial tolerances would still be acceptable \
The total unbalance U= 2 + + + = 0.5 + 1 + 1.5 + 2 = 0.00002 in +
2 2 2
This Relationship doesnt take into consideration a residual unbalance of the rotor still
present after balancing process; hence the rotor has to be balanced accurately up to zero.
Auxiliary shafts with tapered seats have not allowance for the fit, between the shaft and the
rotor, which is and advantage over the shafts provided with cylindrical seats.
Should the radial beat of a carefully ground tapered seat amount for instance to 6
(0.00024 in) a rotor balanced up to zero by means of this shaft would still be affected
with an eccentricity of the center of gravity with respect to the geometrical axis amounting
to 3 (0.00012 in). Increased by the residual unbalance of 2 (0.00008 in) which might
have been allowed in order to speed up the balancing procedure, this would result in
accumulative limit value of 5 (0.0002 in). This amount has to be increased by the
tolerance due to the eventual assembly. Should the total value lie above the unbalance still
permissible for the rotor involved, it would have to be reduced, cutting down the
component values which would allow for a convenient improvement.
Furthermore for disk like rotor fastened to a flange of the auxiliary shaft a possible uneven
position of the rotor causing a wobbling motion has to be considered. The effect would
increase in direct proportion to the ratio of the rotor diameter to the size of the flange. A
rotor accurately balanced on such an auxiliary shaft would subject the bearings the
bearings to an additional dynamic unbalance.
oscillating bridges and the reciprocating coils would induce angular discrepancies
in the indication and cut down the sensitivity.
3) The distance between the correction planes and the length of the radius to the
location of the correction have to be chosen as large as possible. This would allow
to utilize the full sensitivity of the indication system by reducing the reciprocal
influence of the correction planes. Moreover large radii would increase the
accuracy in determination of angular positions, and allow a compensation by
means of smaller correction weights or drilled holes.
4) Should the compensation for the unbalance be done by drilling, too deep holes
have to be avoided. For holes in radial direction the shift of the center of gravity
towards the axis of rotation reduces the effect of the compensation. For holes in
axial direction a displacement of the center of gravity off the correction planes
disturbs the setting of correction planes, hence causes the reciprocal influence of
the correction planes to reappear at least to some extent. For these reasons it is
advisable to compensate for heavy unbalances by means of two holes located to
either side of the theoretical position.
5) With rotor composed of distinctly heterogeneous parts, care has to be exercised to
avoid displacements which would be likely to influence the readings of the
instruments (as for instance the centrifugal setting of coiling of electrical armatures
or axial displacements of fan wheels on their shafts).
6) The balancing procedure has not to be continued beyond the condition required
(average tolerance values have been established by the Association of German
Engineers). A balancing up to zero is not advisable as a rule because it increase
unnecessarily the production costs.