Q 3.

2 l/s
Desired concentration 50 mg/l
Initial concentration 225 mg/l
Exchanger : 282 meq/100 g
0.45 moisture

Qe = flow through the exchanger

Qb = flow bypassing the exchanger

Qe(0) + Qb ( 225) = (Qe+Qb)50

Qe = 175 Qb
50
Qe = 3.5 Qb
Qb = 0.286 Qe

Qe + Qb = 3.2 l/s
4.5 Qb = 3.2 l/s
Qb = 0.71 l/s
Qe = 2.49 l/s

Hardness of well water in meq/L = 225 mg/L

50 meq/50
= 4.5 meq/L

Hardness removed in seven days is

= 2.49 l/s * 86400 sec/day * 7 days * 4.5 meq/L
= 6773760 meq
= 6773760 meq x 100 g
282 meq
= 2402 kg dry weight

moisture = 0.45

= 2402 * 1 / ( 1 - 0.45 )
= 4367 kg moist weight
Desired concentration 50 mg/l
Initial concentration 195 mg/l

Qe = flow through the exchanger

Qb = flow bypassing the exchanger

Qe(0) + Qb ( 195) = (Qe+Qb)50

Qe = 145 Qb
50
Qe = 2.9 Qb
Qb = 0.345 Qe

Qe + Qb = 2.56 l/s 2.56

3.9 Qb = 3.2 l/s
Qb = 0.82 l/s
Qe = 2.38 l/s

Hardness of well water in meq/L = 195 mg/L

50 meq/50
= 3.9 meq/L

Hardness removed in seven days is

= 2.38 l/s * 86400 sec/day * 7 days * 3.9 meq/L
= 5612544 meq
= 5612544 meq x 100 g
296 meq
= 1896 kg dry weight

moisture = 0.45

= 1896 * 1 / ( 1 - 0.45 )
= 3448 kg moist weight
concentration 3.37 meq/L
Q 1.04 L/day

Reduced data from Breakthrough test

V C C C/Co Co/C Co/C - 1 ln Co/C-1

liters mg/l meq/L
15.9 4.45 0.14 0.041589 24.04 23.04 3.137446
16.9 9.85 0.31 0.092056 10.86 9.86 2.288785
18.1 17.16 0.54 0.160374 6.24 5.24 1.655449
19.1 27.56 0.87 0.25757 3.88 2.88 1.058637
19.5 40.03 1.26 0.374112 2.67 1.67 0.514616
20 49.56 1.56 0.463178 2.16 1.16 0.147557
20.7 62.9 1.98 0.58785 1.70 0.70 -0.355086
21.2 68.89 2.17 0.643832 1.55 0.55 -0.592034
22 86.41 2.72 0.80757 1.24 0.24 -1.434298
22.9 94.03 2.96 0.878785 1.14 0.14 -1.980975
23.4 98.17 3.09 0.917477 1.09 0.09 -2.408546
24 102.93 3.24 0.961963 1.04 0.04 -3.230406
26 107 3.37 1 1.00 0.00 Err:502

ln (Co/C - 1)
4

3 f(x) = - 0.7603101989x + 15.3407282956

R = 0.9935204611
2

1
Co/C - 1
0 Linear (Co/C -
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 1)
-1

-2

-3

-4

slope = kC/Q
slope = 0.76
k= slope x Q / c
0.76 / liter x 1.04 L/day
k= -----------------------------------------
3.37 meq/L
k= 0.23454 L/(day.meq) x 1000 meq/eq
k= 234.5 L/(day.eq)

intercept 15.34 =b
kxqxM
b= -----------------
Q
b xQ
q= -----------------
kxM
15.34 x 1.04 L/day
q= -------------------------------------
234.5 L/(day.eq) 23.34 g/L
q= 0.002914 eq/g
q= 2.91 eq/kg

ln (Co/C -1) = kqM/Q - kCV/Q

 Q 0.5 l/s
Desired concentration 2 mg/l
Initial concentration 20 mg/l
Exchanger : 50 mg/100 mg
0.5 moisture

Qe = flow through the exchanger

Qb = flow bypassing the exchanger

Qe(0) + Qb ( 20) = (Qe+Qb)1

Qe = 18 Qb
2
Qe = 9 Qb
Qb = 0.111 Qe

Qe + Qb = 0.5 l/s
10 Qb = 0.5 l/s
Qb = 0.05 l/s
Qe = 0.45 l/s

Fe removed in seven days is

= 0.45 l/s * 86400 sec/day * 7 days * 18 mg/L
= 4898880 mg

Required ion excchanger

= 4898880 100 ion exchanger
50 mg removed
= 9.8 kg dry weight

moisture = 0.50

= 10 * 1 / ( 1 - 0.50 )
= 20 kg moist weight
Desired concentration 50 mg/l
Initial concentration 195 mg/l
Efficiency of ion exchanger 90 %
Qe = flow through the exchanger
Qb = flow bypassing the exchanger

Qe(0.1*195) + Qb ( 195) = (Qe+Qb)50

Qe = 145 Qb
30.5
Qe = 4.754098 Qb
Qb = 0.210 Qe

Qe + Qb = 2.56 l/s 2.56

5.754098 Qb = 3.2 l/s
Qb = 0.56 l/s
Qe = 2.64 l/s

Hardness of well water in meq/L = 195 mg/L

50 meq/50
= 3.9 meq/L

Hardness removed in seven days is

= 2.64 l/s * 86400 sec/day * 7 days * 3.9 meq/L
= 6236160 meq
= 6236160 meq x 100 g
296 meq
= 2107 kg dry weight

moisture = 0.45

= 2107 * 1 / ( 1 - 0.45 )
= 3831 kg moist weight

Hardness removed in seven days is 90%

= 2.64 l/s * 86400 sec/day * 7 days * 3.51 meq/L
= 5612544 meq
= 5612544 meq x 100 g
296 meq
= 1896 kg dry weight

moisture = 0.45

= 1896 * 1 / ( 1 - 0.45 )
= 3448 kg moist weight
if eff. 100%

if eff. 90%