When does the detention become arbitrary?

In Article 125, the detention becomes arbitrary only when

the time required for the delivery of prisoner to the judicial
authority lapses. The article contemplates that there was a legal
cause for arresting but without a warrant of arrest. If the arrest is
on the strength of a warrant, Article 125 does not apply.
The 12-18-36 hours (for offenses punishable with light,
correctional, and capital penalties, respectively) do not run when
the courts are not open to receive the complaint or information
being filed.
What is the rationale for the provision of Article 125?
To prevent any abuse resulting from confining a person
without informing him of his offense and without permitting him
to go on bail. More specifically, it punishes public officials or
employees who shall detain any person for some legal ground and
shall fail to deliver such person to the proper judicial authorities
within the periods prescribed by law. The continued detention of
the accused becomes illegal upon the expiration of the periods
provided for by Article 125 without such detainee having been
delivered to the corresponding judicial authorities. (Agbay v.
Omb.t G.R. No. 134503, July 2, 1999)
To what do the words "judicial authority" refer?
Judicial authority means the courts of justices or judges of
said courts vested with judicial power to order the temporary
detention or confinement of a person charged with having
committed a public offense, that is, the Supreme Court and other
such inferior courts as may be established by law. (id.)

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