What is an IP address

A way to identify machines on a network

A unique identifier

32 bit binary

Four 8-bit / four octets

Ex: 11100011010100101001101110110001

11100011 - 01010010 - 10011101 - 10110001

E3 - 52 - 9D - B1

IP usage

Used to connect to another computer

Allows transfers of files and e-mail

IP structure

IP addresses consist of four sections

Each section is 8 bits long

Each section can range from 0 to 255

Written, for example, 128.35.0.72

 These four sections represent the machine itself and the network it is on

The network portion is assigned.

The host section is determined by the network administrator

5 Classes of IP address A B C D and E

Class A reserved for governments

Class B reserved for medium companies

Class C reserved for small companies

Class D are reserved for multicasting

Class E are reserved for future use

Class A begins 1 to 126

Class B begins 128 to 191

Class C begins 192 to 223

Reserved addresses

Addresses beginning 127 are reserved for loopback and internal testing

xxx.0.0.0 reserved for network address

 xxx.255.255.255 reserved for broadcast

IP Addresses

IP addresses are:

Unique
Global and Standardised
Essential
Subnetting - Why?

Division of local networks

Greater number of networks

Simplifies addressing

Subnetting - How

Bits borrowed from host field

Subnetting -Example

130.5.0.0 - Network address

130.5.2.144 - Host address

 255.255.255.0 - Subnet Mask

130.5.2.0 - Subnet

The Internet Protocol

Running out!!

Upgraded to IPv6