LINE CONSTANT CALCULATIONS 19

I R

Fig. 2.3 Variation of H due to current in the conductor for r R and r > R.

Therefore, the magnetic field intensity at a distance r due to this current, using Amperes
Law,
I r 1 FG IJ
Ir
2
Hr =
2r
=I =
R 2r 2R2H K (2.12)

which means that the magnetic field intensity inside the conductor is directly proportional to
the distance from the centre of the conductor.
Now consider a cylinder with radius r > R. Applying Amperes Law,
I
H=
2r
which means H is inversely proportional to r outside the conductor. The variation of H as a
function of r is shown in Fig. 2.3. It can be shown that the magnetic field density (energy
volume density)
1
H 2
We =
2
From this and the distribution of magnetic field intensity as shown in Fig. 2.3, the
following observations are made:
(i) Although the volume of the conductor is comparatively small, the field densities are
of high magnitude, and the magnetic field energy stored in the conductor is not small.
(ii) The presence of the earth will affect the magnetic field geometry insignificantly.

2.4 ) TRANSMISSION LINE

INDUCTANCE OF TWO-WIRE (1-

By definition inductance is the flux linkages per ampere (Fig. 2.4). So the objective is to find
out the flux linkages to this system of conductors. Now there are two flux linkages: (i) due to
internal flux, and (ii) due to external flux.
Internal flux linkages: In order to determine the internal flux linkages, we start with
the magnetic field intensity H at any distance r < R.