ventilation, fire suppression and detection, electrical power, environmental monitoring,

equipment monitoring and control (SCADA), traffic control, as well as voice and data
communications

Alternative Selection criteria

Due to construction of port city, Colombo and economic development in recent years, there has been a
significant increase in car ownership, placing considerable pressure on the existing transport system.
Growth in car travel, together with the difficult topography and dense urban structure of the city, result
in severe commuting and parking problems for the residential and working populations.

This should provide substantial economic benefits in improved accessibility, reduced journey times and
improved reliability, and lead to an overall reduction in fuel consumption, greenhouse gas and other
emissions, and noise.

Alignment / Profile

Feasibility implementation

Land acquisition
Construction disturbance
Geotechnical constraints
Groundwater flow and the associated surface water flow are potential negative factors
on underground tunnels. Early detection of environmental impacts on water resources
is of significant importance to planning, design and construction of tunnel projects, as
early detection can minimize accidents and project delays during construction.
Construction shaft locations
A temporary access shaft is sometimes necessary during the excavation of a tunnel.
They are usually circular and go straight down until they reach the level at which the
tunnel is going to be built. A shaft normally has concrete walls and is usually built to
be permanent. Once the access shafts are complete, TBMs are lowered to the
bottom and excavation can start. Shafts are the main entrance in and out of the
tunnel until the project is completed. If a tunnel is going to be long, multiple shafts at
various locations may be bored so that entrance to the tunnel is closer to the
unexcavated area.[5]
 Once construction is complete, construction access shafts are often used
as ventilation shafts, and may also be used as emergency exits.
Ventilation shafts are vertical passages used tunnels to move fresh air underground,
and to remove stale air. Underground tunnel ventilation provides a flow of air to
the underground workings of a tunnel of sufficient volume to dilute and remove dust
and noxious gases (typically NOx, SO2, methane, CO2 and CO) and to regulate
temperature.
Permitting
Economic development
Consolidation sewer alignments
Economic impact
Capital cost
O & M cost
Environmental impact

Odor control
Impact on habitat
Historic/ architectural impact
Operations and maintenance

Maintenance complexity
Emergency rescue shaft

RDA Report
Construction cost
Environmental impact
Time for construction
Methodology
Benefit of south bound
Alignment
Level of the tunnel
Lowest
Min vertical curve (k)
Ground level of lotus RA
 Max. gradient for main tunnel
Max. gradient for slip roads
Lowest level of south bound tunnel
Distance to existing structure

Feasibility implementation

Land acquisition
o Existing land use
o Cost of the land
o Ownership
Construction disturbance
o Traffic

o Noise, vibration
Geotechnical constraints
Construction shaft locations
Permitting
Economic development
Consolidation sewer alignments
Economic impact
Capital cost
O & M cost
Environmental impact

Odor control
Impact on habitat
Historic/ architectural impact
Operations and maintenance

Maintenance complexity
Emergency rescue shaft