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He
He
By
Dr. Reyad Shawabkeh
Department of Chemical Engineering
King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals e-mail: rshawabk@kfupm.edu.sa
A shell-an-tube heat exchanger operates with two shell passes and four tubes passes. The shell fluid
is ethylene glycol, which enter at 140oC and leaves at 80oC with a flow rate of 4500 kg/h. water
flows in the tube, entering at 35oC and leaving at 85oC. The overall heat transfer coefficient for this
arrangement is 850 W/m2oC. Calculate the flow rate of water required and the area of heat
exchanger.
Penyelesaian :
1. Assume tube diameter and BWG, Assume tube length, L.
Inside Diamater (di) Outside Diameter (do) Tube Length, L
BWG
[m] [m] [m]
0,021 0,0254 14 20
\ Sumber :http://www.engineeringpage.com/technology/thermal/tubesize.html
Assume fouling factor based on inside and outside tubes, hdi and hdo.
\ Sumber : http://www.engineeringpage.com/technology/thermal/fouling_factors.html
Maka,
=
( ) = ( )
. (4185,2) [ . ] . (358 308)[] = 1,25 [ ] (2832,36) [/. ]. (413 353)[]
= 1,02 [/]
Sehingga,
= =
= ( )
= (1,02) [/] . (4185,2) [/. ]. (358 308)[]
= 212427 [/]
4. Based on the type of flow, calculate Log Mean Temperature Difference, LMTD.
Diketahui :
Tci =35 [C] = 308 [K] Thi = 140 [C] = 413 [K]
Tco =85 [C] = 358 [K] Tho = 80 [C] = 353 [K]
Maka,
For counter current :
( ) ( ) (413 358) (353 308)
= ( )
= (413358)
= 322,83 []
( (353308)
)
= 49,83
Temperature correction factor: two shell pass; four or more even tube 'passes.
Diketahui :
T1 =140 [C] t1 = 35 [C]
T2 =80 [C] t2 = 85 [C]
Maka,
(1 2 ) (140 80)
= = = 1,20
(2 1 ) (85 35)
(2 1 ) (85 35)
= = = 0,48
(1 1 ) (140 35)
Sehingga,
Berdasarkan pembacaan grafik diperoleh Ft = 0,95
10. Based on the assumed tube diameter (ID and OD at a given BWG) and tube A length, L,
calculate number of tubes.
Diketahui :
Inside Diamater (di) Outside Diameter (do) Tube Length, L
A [m2] BWG
[m] [m] [m]
16,62 0,021 0,0254 14 20
Maka,
16,62 [2 ]
= = = 10,42 10
. . (3,14). (0,0254)[]. (20)[]
Diketahui :
Nt [buah] do[m] K1 n1
10 0,0254 0,0402 2,617
Square pitch with single-passes.
Maka,
= 1,25 = 1,25 0,0254 [] = 0,03175 []
1 1
1 10 2,617
= ( ) = 0,0254 [] ( ) = 0,21 []
1 0,0402
12. Provide/Assume the type of floating head of the exchanger and obtain the bundle diameter
clearance, BDC.
Diketahui :
Db = 0,21 [m]
Maka,
Berdasarkan pembacaan grafik diperoleh nilai BDC = 10 [mm] = 0,01 [m]
Maka,
(316)[/2 . ] (0,025)[]
= = = 4607,36
0,172 102 [. /2 ]
10 263 103
=
3 1 103
3x = 789 103 + 10 103
3x = 799 103
Maka,
. (0,00172) [. /2 ] . (2788,67)[/. ]
= = = 18,03
266,33 103 [/. ]
Diketahui :
Re = 4607,36
Pr = 18,03
pada T = 110 [C] (383 K) adalah 0,172 x 10-2 [N.s/m2]
Maka,
1 0,14
= 3 ( )
0,14
(0,172 x 10 2) [. /2 ]
1
= (0,21)(4607,36)(18,03) ( 3 )
(467,4 x 10 6) [. /2 ]
= 3044,88
10 1058.5
3
= 8.2
3x =3175.5 82
3x = 3093.5
x = 1031.2[kg/m3]
=1031.2 [kg/m3]
Maka,
2 0,14
= 8 ( ) ( ) ( )
2
0,14
0,22 [] 20 [] (1031,2)[/3 ](0,00172)2 (0,00172) [. /2 ]
= (8)(0,6) ( )( ) ( )
0,025 [] 0,089 [] 2 (0,0004674) [. /2 ]
= 12,16
25. Calculate Prandtle and Reynolds numbers for fluids inside tubes.
Diketahui :
0,6536 (didapat dari table A. 6 Thermophysical Properties of saturated water)
.
=
(0,000467) [. /2 ] . (4185,2)[/. ]
= = 3,01
0,6536 [/. ]
(983,09)[/3 ] (0,021)[](0,58)[/]
= = = 25412,04
0,000467 [. /2 ]
Or by analogy
0,14
= . 0,33 ( )
Diketahui :
L [m] kf[W/m.K] di [m] Re Pr
20 0,65 0,021 25412,04 3,01
Maka,
by analogy :
0,8 0,33
0,7
= 0,023 . (1 + )
0,6536 [ . ] 0,021 0,7
= (0,023) (25412,04). (3,01)0,33 (1 + )
0,021 [] 20
= 3425,112 [/2 . ]
Where hdi and hdo are the heat transfer coefficients for the scales (dirt) inside and outside
tubes, respectively.
Diketahui :
hi = 3425,112
hdi = 5555,56 [W/ m2.K]
hdo = 5555,56 [W/ m2.K]
di = 0,021 [m]
do = 0,0254 [m]
kf pada water dengan T = 60 [C] adalah 0,65 [W/m.K]
. (3044,88). (0,65) [/. ]
= = = 32293,44 [/2 . ]
(0,025) []
Maka,
1
=
1 1 ( )
+ + + +
2
1
= 0,0254
1 1 (0,021)( ) 0,021 0,021
0,021
+ + (2)(0,65)
+ (0,0254)(5555,56) + (0,0254)(32293,435)
3425,112 5555,56
= 278,08[/2 . ]
28. Compare the calculated overall heat transfer coefficient you obtained from the previous step
with that you assumed in step 8. if it is close to what you assumed, then you had a valid
assumption, then tabulate your results such as total surface area of tubes, number of tubes,
exchanger length and diameter, heat duty and other design specification. Otherwise, use the
calculated value in step 8 and do loop until the difference between the calculated U between
two consecutive iterations is small.
29. The tube-side pressure drop may be calculated using the relation :
8 2
= (1,5 + [2,5 + + ( ) ])
2