Science & Technology Development, Vol 12, No.

14 - 2009

M PHNG CM TNG P TUA BIN MY NN TRANG B CHO

NG C DIESEL D1146TIS

L Anh Tun
Vin C Kh ng Lc, i hc Bch Khoa H Ni

TM TT: Bi bo trnh by kt qu m phng cm tng p tua bin - my nn trong

lin hp tua bin - my nn - ng c t trong trn phn mm m phng mt chiu AVL-
BOOST. Kt qu m phng ch ra rng cm tua bin my nn ca Hng Garrett trang b
cho ng c D1146TIS hon ton p ng yu cu tng p cao cho ng c ny. Vng lm
vic ca ng c ng c tnh ngoi m bo khng ri vo vng bm ca my nn v
lun nm vng c hiu sut cao ca my nn. Ngoi ra, kt qu nghin cu cn cho thy
mt cch trc quan vic phi hp gia cm tng p tua bin - my nn vi ng c t trong -
c s quan trng a ra ch vn hnh hiu qu cao nht cho ng c tng p. y l
mt phn trong chng trnh phi hp nghin cu pht trin ng c diesel tng p cao
D1146TIS gia trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni v Tng cng ty My ng lc v my
nng nghip.
T kha: Tng p tua bin - my nn, van x, m phng bng AVL-Boost, chu trnh cng
tc ng c.

1. M U
Nhm p ng nhu cu ng c cho xe ti ca Tng cng ty My ng lc v my nng
nghip, ng c D1146TIS, mt ng c diesel, 6 xilanh, tng p cao, pht trin t ng c
D1146TI (tng p trung bnh, do Hn Quc ch to) c nghin cu v ch th [3].
Mc tiu chnh ca vic nghin cu l nng cng sut ng c D1146TI t 131 kW 2300
v/ph ln 177 kW 2300 v/ph, tng ng vi cng sut ca mt ng c tng p ng gam
DE08TIS ca Hn Quc. ng c sau khi tng cng sut c t tn l D1146TIS.
Qu trnh pht trin mu ng c D1146TIS bao gm cc bc c bn sau:
- Nghin cu ng c D1146TI,
- Tnh ton la chn b tng p tua bin kh,
- M phng ng c D1146TIS trn cc phn mm AVL-Boost, AVL-Tycon,
AVL-Excite,
- Ch to mt s b phn, lp rp v th nghim nh gi ng c tng thnh.
Trong cc bc trn, m phng ng c bc 3 c vai tr ht sc quan trng. Kt qu
ca n l c s thit k cc kt cu ph hp v cung cp cc thng s vn hnh, iu chnh
ti u cho ng c thc. Trong bi bo ny, kt qu m phng lin hp ng c t trong, tua
bin my nn trn phn mm AVL-Boost c th hin. Trong ni dung m phng trn m
hnh hon chnh cm tng p tua bin my nn v phi hp gia cm tng ny vi ng c
c c bit ch trng.
i tng nghin cu chnh c trnh by trong bi bo ny l cm tng p tua bin my
nn ca Hng Garrett. Tuy nhin, qu trnh m phng c tin hnh trn c s lin hp ng
c t trong v cm tua bin my nn v hai i tng ny l khng th tch ri v lun b tr,
nh hng ln nhau. Lng khng kh do my nn cung cp cng nh p sut v nhit ca
n l nhng thng s c s v quan trng ca cc thng s tnh nng k thut, kinh t ca
ng c, trong khi , nng lng kh x th hin qua p sut v nhit kh x l nhng
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 TP CH PHT TRIN KH&CN, TP 12, S 14 - 2009

thng s quyt nh tc quay ca cm tua bin my nn, tc l quyt nh lng kh do my

nn cung cp cho ng c.
Vi cm tng p c la chn l cm tng p cao s dng tua bin bin p, van x ca tua
bin v th l mt kt cu khng th thiu. Trong phm vi nghin cu ny, van x c ng
thi kho st cc ch tc khc nhau trn ng c tnh ngoi ca ng c.
Bn cnh c tnh lu lng - p sut ca cm tua bin my nn c xem xt t m nhm
nh lng kh nng tng p ca cm ny, cc vn ny sinh khi phi hp cc ch lm
vic chuyn tip (ch thay i ti trng, tc ) ca ng c cng c cp nhm nh
hng vng lm vic ti u ca cm tng p tua bin, my nn ny.

2. M PHNG CM TUA BIN MY NN TRN AVL-BOOST

2.1. C s m phng
ch lm vic n nh ca ng c, m hnh ng c - tuabin - my nn c tnh
ton da theo phng trnh cn bng nng lng gia tuabin v my nn.
Pc PT (1)
y cng sut tiu th cho my nn Pc v cng sut do tua bin cung cp PT c xc
nh thng qua lu lng ca dng mi cht qua my nn, tua bin v chnh lch enthalpy
ca vo v ca ra ca chng.
Cng sut tiu th cho my nn:
Pc m c .(h2 h1 ) (2)
m c : Lu lng dng kh qua my nn
h1: Enthalpy ti ca vo my nn
h2: Enthalpy ti ca ra my nn.
Cng sut do tuabin cung cp:
PT m T . m,TC (h3 h4 ) (3)

m T : Lu lng kh x qua tua bin

h3: Enthalpy ti ca vo tuabin
h4: Enthalpy ti ca ra tuabin
m,TC: Hiu sut c gii ca cm tuabin my nn.
ch lm vic chuyn tip ca ng c th ng hc rto tuabin my nn phi c
xem xt v tc tuabin my nn thay i.
dTC 1 PT Pc
(4)
dt I TC TC
TC: Tc tuabin my nn
ITC: M men qun tnh ca tuabin my nn.
ch ny, dng kh i qua tuabin, my nn cng khng n nh dn ti s bin i lin
tc hiu sut ca tuabin my nn. gii quyt vn ny phn mm AVL-Boost s dng k
thut gi nh dng chy n nh. Ti thi im tc thi, dng kh c coi nh l dng n
nh, thng qua hiu sut ca tuabin my nn c xc nh [1].

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Trong cm TB-MN kiu xung, ng ng thi c thit k vi ng knh nh tn

dng c xung lc kh x k c khi ng c lm vic ch ti trng v tc thp. Tuy
nhin, khi ng c lm vic ch ti trng ln v tc cao, gim ti cho tua bin, ngi
ta s dng van x (waste gate) thi bt kh thi ra ngoi [6].
Van x hot ng thng qua mt mng n hi dng p sut tng p lm thng s iu
chnh (hnh 1). p sut tng p c a vo khoang p sut cao. Pha p sut thp c ni
vi mi trng. Nu chnh lch p sut vt qu mt gi tr nht nh, th hin qua lc p ban
u ca l xo, th van s m v mt phn kh x c thi ra ngoi m khng i qua tua bin,
lm gim nng lung cung cp cho tua bin, tc l gim xung lc kh x tc dng ln cnh tua
bin .

Trn AVL-Boost, nng tc thi ca van x c tnh ton thng qua chuyn ng ca
khi lng tng ng ca gim chn l xo. Ngoi ra, h s lu lng ca dng kh x qua
van l mt trong nhng thng s do ngi dng xc nh theo nng ca van.
2.2. Xy dng m hnh trn phn mm AVL-BOOST
M hnh m phng cm tua bin my nn lin hp vi ng c D1146TIS trn phn mm
AVL-Boost c th hin trn hnh 2, trong cm tng p tua bin-my nn c k hiu
TC1, cn van x - WG1
Qu trnh m phng c tin hnh theo ng c tnh ngoi ca ng c. M hnh chy
vibe c la chn tnh ton qu trnh chy. Qu trnh truyn nhit c th hin qua m
hnh Woschni1978. Cm TB-MN c m phng dng y (full model) trong van x
c tnh n nh mt chi tit lp trc tua bin.
i vi m hnh m phng cm tng p tua bin - my nn, tiu chun hi t quan trng
nht l cng sut ca my nn v cng sut ca tua bin bng nhau. Ngoi ra, mc n nh
ca cc thng s p sut ch th v p sut c ch trung bnh mi ch chy n nh khi m
phng ng c cng l nhng ch tiu hi t quan trng.
t c yu cu hi t, s bc lp cn phi ln. Thc t chy chng trnh cho thy,
s chu trnh lp t c kt qu hi t l 90 chu trnh, mt s ch , s chu trnh lp
phi s dng ln ti 200 chu trnh. Tuy nhin nu s chu trnh lp tng ln th thi gian tnh s
lu hn.
Thng thng, nu gi tr iu kin u cng chnh xc th s bc lp s gim xung
ng k.
2.3. iu kin bin v cc iu kin u
Cc d liu chnh nhp cho m hnh ng c c lc chn da trn c s cc thng s
chy kho nghim ng c trn bng th ca phng th nghim ng c t trong, Vin C
kh ng lc, Trng HBK H Ni bao gm [5].

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- D liu ca phn iu khin chung,

- Thng s ca cc phn t trong m hnh.
Trong , cc thng s kt cu c o c trc tip. Hnh trnh nng ca xupp np v
xupp x c tnh ton thng qua s liu bin dng cam c thit k trn phn mm AVL-
Tycon [5]. Cc thng s khc nh nhit , p sut ca mi cht, ca thnh ng, tn tht lu
lng ca dng kh i qua xupp np, xupp x...c ly t s liu kinh nghim.
Cc thng s iu kin bin quan trng nht tng ng vi cc ch lm vic khc nhau
trn ng c tnh ngoi ca ng c bao gm [5]:
- Tc quay ca ng c,
- Cc thng s thi im chy, thi gian chy, lng nhin liu cung cp, t s
tng p v tn hao p sut qua kt lm mt kh tng p
c tnh ca my nn v tua bin do hng Garrett cung cp c nhp vo phn mm tnh
ton dng bng s tng ng vi cc ch tc khc nhau ca cm ny [2].
Mt s thng s ca van x wastegate c th hin trn bng 1.

Bng 1. Mt s thng s ca van x wastegate

TT Thng s Gi tr n v
1 Din tch mng pha p sut cao 380 mm2
2 Din tch mng pha p sut thp 616 mm2
Din tch mt ct ngang van ng van 1200 mm2
3
pha p sut cao m van 1257 mm2
4 Din tch mt ct ngang van pha p sut thp 1257 mm2
5 Lc ban u ca l xo 127 N
6 T l bin dng l xo 5,5 N/mm

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7 nng van cc i 5 mm

3. KT QU V THO LUN
tin cy ca m hnh c nh gi thng qua cc thng s so snh gia m phng
(MP) v thc nghim (TN) ca cng sut, m men, sut tiu hao nhin liu thay i theo tc
ng c ch ton ti (hnh 3).
Nhn chung, kt qu m phng ph hp vi thc nghim, tuy nhin s vng quay thp
ca ng c, do qu trnh m phng da trn c s qu trnh ha trn gia nhin liu v khng
kh l hon ho nn sut tiu hao nhiu liu th hin trn th (ng ge_MP) thp hn so
vi kt qu thc ngim (ng ge_TN). Trn thc t qu trnh ha trn ny l khng u, c
bit tc thp, mt lng ln nhin liu khng tham gia vo qu trnh chy sinh cng nn
sut tiu hao nhin liu cao m cng sut v m men thp hn so vi kt qu m phng. Cn
tc ln hn 2200 v/ph, do iu tc lm vic, lng nhin liu cung cp cho ng c gim
lm cho cng sut ng c gim nhanh chng. c tnh m phng trong vng ny cng cho
kt qu tng ng.

c tnh ca my nn c phn mm AVL-Boost ngoi suy v xy dng thnh c tnh

y (hnh 4). Trn hnh ny, hiu sut ca my nn c biu din theo mc m nht
ca mu nn.

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Hnh 4 cn th hin vng lm vic tng ng vi ng c tnh ngoi ca ng c

(ng m, gy khc). T y d dng thy rng, ng c lun lm vic ngoi vng bm ca
my nn. ch ton ti, hiu sut my nn kh cao, t t 0,7 n 0,8. Tc ng c
tng, my nn cng c xu hng tin v pha c hiu sut cao. T tc 2200 v/ph ca ng
c, do iu tc lm vic v do van x m ln nn hiu sut ca my nn gim ln, t s tng
p cng gim mnh. Tc ca cm tua bin my nn th thay i trong khong t 52.000 v/ph
ti gn 97.900 v/ph ng c tnh ngoi.

Hnh 5 ch r trong mt chu trnh cng tc ca ng c, cng sut ca tuabin v my nn

bin thin theo din bin cc qu trnh cng tc (gi tr cng sut ca TB ln khi tng ng
vi hnh trnh x ca mt xilanh no , cng sut ca my nn v th cng thay i theo
nhng chm pha hn do thi gian thch ng). Tc ca cm tua bin, my nn v th cng
bin i theo, tng ng vi c tnh cng sut ca my nn (P_MN).

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nng ca van x (wastegate) theo gc quay trc khuu cc tc quay khc nhau ca
ng c c th hin trn hnh 6.
Do van x ca tuabin c ni vo ng ng x chung ca cc xilanh 4, 5 v 6 (nh th
hin trn hnh 2) nn nng van s t cc i 3 ln trong mt chu k lm vic ca ng c,
tng ng vi qu trnh x ca cc xilanh ny.
Trn hnh 6 cn th hin r nt van x bt u hot ng tc 1600 v/ph. nng ca
van t gi tr ln tc 2000 v/ph v t cc i tc 2200 v/ph ca ng c.

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Kt qu m phng cn cho thy h s d lng khng kh (lambda) v h s np ca ng

c (vol.ef-amb) tng dn khi tng tc quay ng c, tuy nhin t tc 1600 v/ph do van
x ca tua bin m, mc tng khng kh np vo xilanh gim nn h s np v h s d
lng khng kh v th cng bt u gim nh. T tc quay 2200 v/ph ca ng c, do b
iu tc lm vic nn lng nhin liu gim nhanh dn ti s tng vt lamda (hnh 7).
Ngoi ra, t s tng p ca ng c tng dn t s vng quay thp n 2200 v/ph v t
gi tr cc i l 2,29. Sau s vng quay ny, do van x (waste gate) m ln m t s tng p
gim xung ng k, p ng yu cu gim ti trng cho tuabin ca tng p xung.
Hiu sut ca my nn bin thin theo tc ng c gn vi quy lut bin thin ca t s
tng p; nhng hiu sut ca tua bin th bin i khng theo quy lut, t gi tr cc i 0,81
tc 1200 v/ph ca ng c, sau c xu hng gim dn khi tng tc do tng mc bin
thin xung lc kh x. T tc 1800 v/ph tr i, do van x ca tua bin m ln nn hiu
sut ca tua bin dn tng ln r rt (hnh 8).
Hiu sut ca my nn th hin trn hnh 8 cng ph hp vi hiu sut c th hin trn
hnh 4.

4. KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN

M hnh m phng lin hp ng c D1146TIS v cm tng p tua bin, my nn c tnh
hi t cao th hin r nt cc kt qu so snh gia m phng vi thc nghim.
Cm tua bin my nn trang b cho ng c D1146TIS hon ton p ng yu cu tng p
cao cho ng c ny. Vng lm vic ca ng c ng c tnh ngoi m bo khng ri
vo vng bm ca my nn v lun nm vng c hiu sut cao ca my nn.
Cng sut ca tua bin, my nn v s vng quay ca cm ny bin thin theo gc quay
trc khuu trong mi chu trnh lm vic ca ng c. ng c tnh cng sut my nn v
tc quay ca cm ny chm pha hn so vi c tnh cng sut ca tua bin.
T s tng p ca ca my nn t gi tr cc i 2,29 tc 2200 v/ph ca ng c.
Quy lut bin thin ca hiu sut my nn theo tc quay ng c tng t nh quy lut
bin thin ca t s tng p, nhng hiu sut tua bin th thay i khng c quy lut v t gi
tr cc i s vng quay 1200 v/ph.
Hiu sut ca my nn thay i tng ng vi mc tng p nhng hiu sut tua bin c
xu hng gim khi tng tc quay ca ng c. Sau khi van x m, hiu sut ca tua bin
tng ln r rt theo m ca van x.

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Van x kh thc s hot ng t tc ng c 2000 v/ph ch ton ti c tc dng

rt ln trong vic gim xung lc kh x tc dng vo cnh tua bin, p ng tnh nng lm vic
ca ng c v cm tuabin - my nn.
ti cn c pht trin theo hng nghin cu ti u phng php b tr, kch thc
ng np, ng thi ca ng c tng p cng nh kt hp vi cc phn mm m phng
khc nhm tip tc ti u ha kt cu ca ng c.

SIMULATION OF A TURBOCHARGING SYSTEM EQUIPPED FOR A

DIESEL ENGINE D1146TIS
Le Anh Tuan
Institute of Transportation Engineering, Ha Noi University of Technology

ABSTRACT: The paper presents simulated results of a turbocharging system in a

combination of turbine - compressor - IC. engine on one dimensional simulation software
AVL-BOOST. Findings of the research depict clearly that the turbocharger equipped for the
engine has met all requirements to have high boost pressure for this engine. The full load
curve of the engine is located out of the surge area and in the area of high efficiency of the
compressors map. Besides, findings of the research also virtually show the matching of the
turbochager and the engine an important basis for operating the turbocharged engine with
highest efficiency. It is a part of the collaborative research activities on developing a new type
of high tuborcharged IC. diesel engine between Hanoi University of Technology (HUT) and
Vietnam Engine and Agricultural Machinary Corporation (VEAM).
Keywords: Turbocharger, waste gate, AVL-Boost simulation, engine cycle.

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1]. AVL-List GmbH: Boost Users guide, Version 5.0, Hans-List-Platz 1, A-8020, Graz,
Austria, Oct. 2006.
[2]. Garrett - Engine Boosting systems: Turbochargers, AlliedSignal Turbocharging Systems:
Torrance, California U.S.A.
[3]. Hoang Minh Duc, Pham Minh Tuan, Khong Vu Quang, Tran Dang Quoc: Calculation to
increase power and to improve the performance of six cylinder turbocharged diesel engine
using AVL Boost and AVL Tycon softwares. ICAT 2005.
[4]. L Anh Tun, 2006: M phng chuyn ng ca kh x trong ng ng x ca t v h
thng ly mu kh x CVS; Hi ngh khoa hc ln th 20, HBK H Ni, Phn ban ng
c t trong, H Ni 10/2006.
[5]. L Anh Tun, Hong Minh c, 2006: ng dng phn mm Boost tnh ton v m
phng ng c D1146TIS; Bo co ti phi hp nghin cu gia B mn ng c t
trong v Tng cng ty my ng lc v my nng nghip, 2006.
[6]. V Ngha, L Anh Tun, 2005: Tng p ng c t trong; Nh xut bn Khoa hc k
thut, 2005.

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