Final Report

Maseeh College of Engineering & Computer Science: Spring 2016

Mechanical & Materials Engineering

2
Kart

Design Team
Atom Falcone
Austin Greene
Jesse Majoros Faculty Advisor
Nick Vanklompenberg Dr. Yi, Sung
Jake Waterman Sponsor
Jeffrey Williamson Dr. Turcic, David
 Executive Summary
A kart stand enables kart racers the ability to safely unload, transport, repair, and
load their kart at a racing event. Most weekend racers travel alone to and from the track.
This raises the issue of how does one person safely move an awkward shaped 200
pound uneven load? The objective of the PSU Kart2 Capstone Team is to design a
reliable stand for kart racers that can raise/lower and transport the kart around any
racing complex. The stand must attach to a standard trailer hitch receiver for safe &
secure device transportation while the kart resides inside the transport vehicle. The
design and scale prototype for the kart stand will be deliverable to Dr. Turcic in June of
2016.

The team has identified product design specifications (PDS), completed

external/internal searches of existing products, and conducted group brainstorming
sessions to develop and evaluate various concepts. After reviewing the design
requirements for the deliverable project and meeting with the sponsor, the team scaled
back from completing a finished stand to delivering a set of plans and designs with a
scaled prototype which can then be used by Dr. Turcic and the karting community.

The key PDS defining points of the stand are its reliability and single person
operation. Through our external search it was identified that there are existing solutions
to the design requirements. The important search parameters included powered lifting,
collapsibility, and safe single person operation.

The team developed five concepts and evaluated them based on the PDS
criteria. The chosen concept incorporates reliability through detailed engineering
analysis, safety, battery powered winch, one person operable, and the ability to be
transported via a trailer receiver.

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 Table of Contents
Executive Summary 1
Introduction 3
Mission Statement 4
Main Design Requirements 5
Design Concepts 6
Final Design 8
PDS Verification Results 12
Conclusion and Recommendations 13
Appendices 14
A: Analysis 15
B: PDS 27
C: Ecosystem 29
D: 3D Model 30
E: Cost Breakdown 31
F: Plans 32

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 1 Introduction
Kart racing is a variant of open-wheel motorsport with small, open, four-wheeled
vehicles called karts. They are raced on scaled-down demanding pavement circuits.
The karts themselves weigh 200lbs and must be transported to the race complex by a
transportation vehicle. A mechanism is needed to facilitate the moving of the kart to and
from the transport vehicle and the raceway as seen below in Figure 1. For solo
operations, this is made impossible by the awkward size and weight of a kart.

Figure 1-1: Current stand with kart shown on typical terrain.

Current off the shelf solutions are either expensive and or unstable. The client
currently uses a solid stand with wheels which requires a minimum of two people to load
and unload the kart from the stand. The current stand also does not facilitate ease of
kart transportation because it requires two people to place the kart onto the stand. Thus,
there exists a need for a reliable and stable stand which can assist the solo kart racer in
transportation and storage of the kart.

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 2 Mission Statement
The objective of the Portland State University (PSU) Kart2 capstone team is to
design a reliable single operator stand for kart racers that can raise/lower and transport
the kart around any racing complex. The stand must attach to a standard trailer hitch
receiver for safe & secure device transportation while the kart resides inside the
transport vehicle.

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 3 Main Design Requirements

The requirements, documented in detail in the PDS, were defined by the

customer and the Kart2 Team. The key defining points of the stand are its reliability and
single person operation. For the stand to meet these requirements the team decided it
required the following:
Powered
Safe
Ability to easily stow by attaching to standard trailer hitch
Long service life
The solutions for these requirements are documented PDS Design Choices and Final
Design. In order to meet both the safety and reliability requirements results from FEA,
dynamic and static analysis are documented and explained in the Analysis section.

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 4 Design Concepts/Choices
The three concepts developed in our internal search were distinguished primarily

by the mechanisms in which the kart is lifted: scissor lift, winch lift and forklift. Our three

concepts were compared along with the unfinished SOKS stand from a previous

capstone team and the unpowered stand that is currently in use these designs are

shown in Table 4-2.. The SOKS stand makes use of a lead screw as the drive system.

The criteria used in the evaluation were: cost, weight, ability to stow, stability, reliability,

safety, the ability to be operated by a single person, and the inclusion of a powered

lifting mechanism; all of which were deemed essential criteria in the PDS report. The

clear choice based on the design matrix, table 4-1 was the winch stand concept.

The strength of the winch stand design is that it is a compact and simple lifting

mechanism. Of the lifting mechanisms considered the winch has the lowest cost and the

lightest weight, and since the winch is compact and transmits its power via winch cable

rather than through rigid members, the winch stand concept also has the greatest

potential for folding into a smaller and more stowable form.

Table 4-1: Design matrix which includes the three concepts developed in the internal search, the
unfinished SOKS stand from a previous capstone team, and the unpowered stand that is currently being
used by the customer. Based on a 0-4 scale where 4 is the most desirable and 0 is the least desirable.

Criteria Unpowered Lead Screw Scissor Lift Winch Fork Lift

Stand (SOKS) Stand

Cost
4 2 1 3 0
Weight
4 3 1 2 0
Ability to
Stow 1 3 1 4 0
Stability
1 3 4 3 4

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Reliability
4 1 0 4 2
Safety
0 1 1 3 3
Single
Operator 0 4 4 4 4
Powered
Lift 0 4 4 4 4
Sum 14 21 16 27 17

Table 4-2: Potential design options listed with the pros and cons considered during the design process.

Pros Cons Figure

Unpowered Lightweight More than one

Lift Inexpensive person required
Low Not easily
maintenance stowable
Simple

Lead Screw Lightweight Lifting

Single person mechanism not
operation reliable

Scissor Lift Large range Bulky

Very stable Heavy
Cost
complexity

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 Winch Reliable Expensive
Stand Ease of use Must be welded
Robust Heavy
Single person
operation
Stable
Proven
concept

Fork Lift Single person Expensive

operation Bulky
Low Poor
clearance maneuverability
cost

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 5 Final Design
Figure 5-1 shows the stand final design in the upright position. Table 5-1 lists the
parts and assemblies shown in Figure 5-1. Not shown in figure 5-1 are the the winch
cable, arm connection chains, the pulley assembly and hitch assembly.

Figure 5-1: Stand assembly with numbered parts and subassemblies. Table 5-1 lists the parts and
subassemblies.

Table 5-1: List of parts and assemblies used to create the stand
Part Number Assembly/Part

P-1 Stand Frame

P-2 Lifting Arm

P-3 Support Arm

P-4 Lifting Bracket

N-1 Winch

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 N-2 Battery

A-1 Attachment Point Assembly

A-2 Hitch Attachment

A-3 Pulley Attachment

In the following sections we will discuss the design of each of the components.

5.1 Frame
The frame is mostly constructed of 1X 1 6061-T6 aluminum structural members
with a 3/16 wall thickness. The frame model is shown in figure 5-2.

Figure 5-2: Frame model for the stand.Constructed from aluminum extruded tubing. All dimensions are
listed in plan set in Appendix C.

The frame and the lifting arms are connected by the pivot assembly shown in figure 5-3.
Aluminum tabs and gussets are welded to the frame, oilite bearing are inserted into the
arms for smooth rotation around the clevis pin.

Figure 5-3: Exploded view of the pivot connection between the frame and the lifting arms.

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The attachment point assembly is a bolted to the upper portion of the frame and is used
to connect both the Hitch and Pulley assemblies.

5.2 Pulley Assembly

The pulley is required to guide the wire connecting the winch to the lifting arm.
The pulley assembly shown in Figure 5-4

Figure 5-4: Pulley assembly which connects to the attachment point assembly on the frame.

was designed in such a way to reduce the load on the winch, by raising the pulley
higher above the frame a more favorable angle for the cable is achieved which reduces
the load on the winch as well as the lifting arm see appendix A for a detailed analysis.

5.3 Winch
The winch chosen for the final design is the Superwinch LT2000. This is a 12-
Volt winch designed for use with an ATV, but meets the criteria. The manufacturer lists
the lifting capacity at 2000 lb which is sufficient to lift the arms while loaded with the 250
lb race vehicle. The weight of this winch was also important since the overall target
weight of the stand was to be below 100 lb. The listed weight of this unit as provided by
the manufacturer is 14.5 lb and is sufficient for the final design. Another factor when
choosing the winch was the cost. The Superwinch LT2000 was found to be affordable
at a total cost of $102.95.

5.4 Battery
The battery selected for the final design of this project was dependent on the final
winch selection. The Superwinch LT2000 requires 12-Volts at 100 Amps in order to lift
2000 lb at a rate of 2.5 ft/min. Several batteries were considered for this task but the
final decision was the Odyssey PC545. This is an affordable dry cell battery that is
robust enough to power the winch, while also minimizing weight. Since this is a dry cell

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battery it is compact as well as lightweight at approximately 12 lb. According to the
manufacturer's specifications, this battery will sufficiently power the Superwinch
LT2000.

5.5 Hitch Attachment

The hitch attachment shown in Figure 5-5

Figure 5-5: Hitch assembly which allows the stand to be folded into an upright position for transport.

allows the kart stand to be attached to a standard 2 trailer hitch receiver for
transportation to and from the racing venue. The hitch attachment and the winch share
the same attachment point to the kart stand so the winch must be swapped out for the
hitch attachment when the kart stand is stowed. After connecting the kart stand to a
trailer hitch via the hitch attachment, the kart stand can be folded up 90 and pinned in
place for transportation as shown in Figure 5-6.

Figure 5-6: Stand attached, folded and stored for transport.

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 6 PDS Verification Results
6.1
Verification of the product design specifications was done strictly through analysis rather
than experimentally. While some requirements such as size, ease of use, powered lift,
etc., were met by design, the remaining requirements were analyzed as noted below.
The total weight of the stand, including all components was calculated to be
approximately 60 lb. This was determined in the SolidWorks assembly using the
manufacturers specifications for the winch and battery and the densities for all
custom parts.
The maximum dynamic load of 250 lb was found to be acceptable using FEA as
noted in appendix A.
The ability to stow the stand was met by designing a hitch attachment that will
attach to any standard 2 inch receiver.
Mobility over diverse terrain was achieved by keeping the stand lightweight and
choosing large diameter inflatable wheels.
The operational duration of the stand was calculated to be less than one minute
based on the manufacturer specifications of the winch. The winch has a nominal
lifting speed of 2.5 ft/min. With a change in cable length of 2 feet from lower
position to the upper position, the stand will be able to transition between
positions in approximately 54 seconds.
Compatible lift points were built into the design based on measurements
provided by the sponsor. Lifting hooks are designed to attach to the bumper of
the vehicle at predetermined points.
Installation of the stand onto the transportation vehicle can be done by a single
person by simply swapping out the pulley attachment with the hitch attachment.
The chassis of stand was designed using a aluminum, which is not only
lightweight but also resistant to corrosion.
Aluminum was chosen for the final design as an alternative to steel to keep the
overall weight of the design under 100 lb. The final weight of stand was
calculated to be approximately 60 lbs.
The budget set by the sponsor was targeted to be built/purchased for $600 or
less. Based on the bill of materials, the total cost for materials is estimated to be
$836 which is over budget, however the sponsor did state that the budget was
negotiable to some degree.
The emergency stop/start requirement is fulfilled by the manufacturer of the
winch. The Superwinch LT2000 comes equipped with hand controls which allow
the lifting action to quickly be stopped or started at the push of a button.

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 7 Conclusions and Recommendations
The final stand design meets the requirements set forth in the PDS. The only
exception is specifications that would require a full working prototype in order to verify.
Due to the timeline the Kart2 team was unable to fabricate a full size prototype, but was
able to demonstrate the geometry through a 3D printed scale model prototype.

The Kart2 team was able to produce a set of plans that we hope will provide
recreational go-kart users with an open source option to build their own go kart stand.

Recommendations for a future team to take on this project are to start with these
designs in order to build a full size working prototype in order to further verify the
designs and make necessary adjustments.

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Appendix A: Analysis
Force and Stress on Lifting Arm/Lifting Arm Tab
Summary:
The goal of this analysis is to determine the force and stress in the lifting arm and lifting
arm bolt tabs when initially picking up the Kart.This deals primarily with the PDS
requirement of a 250 lb load capacity. The force was found to be 600lbs and stress was
found to be 15 ksi.

Given:
The dimensions of the Stand as shown in the figure below

The weight of the Kart: 250 lbs

Kart length: 75 inches

Find: The force and stresses acting on the lifting at the initial lifting time.

Assumptions:
The weight of the Karts occurs at the center of mass.
The center of mass is 37.5 in from the end of the Kart.

Solution:

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Using FEA software the stress for the components was found and the results are shown
below

For both the arm and the tab the Von Mises stresses remain well under the yield stress
of aluminum of 36 ksi, maintaining a factor of safety over 2.0.

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Forces and Stresses at the Pulley Mounting Location
Summary:
The goal of this analysis was to determine the forces and stresses acting on the frame
as a result of the winch initially lifting the kart. The main PDS requirements relates to
lifting of the 250 lb Kart.
Given:
The dimensions shown in the figures below

The tension in the line at the moment of lift is 608 lbf

Find: The forces and stresses acting on the frame when the stand begins lifting the kart.

Assumptions:
The forces acting on the pulley assembly and the winch uniformly distribute to the
frame.

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Solution:

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The forces calculated above were applied to a model of the frame and the stresses
were analyzed.

From this FEA analysis a factor of safety of 1.70 can be found for the frame.

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The pinned connection between the arms and the frame of the stand.
Summary:
The objective of this analysis is to determine the corresponding factor of safety
for the pin connection where the two arms attach to the frame, specifically focusing on
the material thickness of the tabs and gusset that is welded to the frame. This deals
primarily with the PDS requirement of a 250 lb load capacity on the stand. Figure A
shows the stand in its entirety with the location of interest circled in red. Note that the
pin connection is mirrored across the kart to the other side. Figure B is the detailed view
of the pin connection which is intended to show the two tabs and gusset that are in
question of the material thickness as well as the factor of safety.

Figure A: Stand with the area of interest circled in red. Figure B: Detailed view of the area of interest
showing the two tabs and gusset plates.

Given:
The material of the frame, tabs, and gusset is 1060 aluminum with an elastic
modulus of 10e6 psi, yield strength of 4000 psi and Poissons ratio of 0.33. The
bushings that the arms pivot on are made from 1020 steel with an elastic modulus of
29e6 psi, yield strength of 51000 psi and Poissons ratio of 0.29. Assuming that the weld
to the frame from the three components in question is completely fused and not
questionable, the thickness (1/4 for both tabs and 1/8 for the gusset) will be examined
through FEA to determine the factor of safety (>2.00) when the stand is loaded with the
total kart of 250 lbs. Due to the weight distribution of the kart, the arm with the hooks will
be loaded with 175 lbs. and the front arm that does not have the hooks will be loaded
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with 75 lbs. downward in the vertical direction. Note that the downward forces were
broken down into component form for proper evaluation of the load.

Figure C: FEA results of static loading of the 250 lb. kart on the pinned connection of the stand from the front view.

Solution:
The FEA results shown in figure C show that the factor of safety of the analyzed
area to be 2.63 which is greater than the goal factor of safety of 2.00.

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 Figure D: FEA results of static loading of the 250 lb.kart on the pinned connection of the stand from the rear view.

The areas of highest stress in figure D are also the areas that will be reinforced with the
welds that will connect the tabs to the frame, which in turn will increase the factor of
safety. Overall this FEA analysis proves that the tabs being and the gusset being
1/8 in thickness is a sufficient amount of material to achieve the desired factor of safety
greater than 2.00.

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Hitch stress study
Summary:
The objective of this next analysis is to determine the corresponding factor of
safety for the connection point between the hitch attachment and the frame when the
stand is folded up and stowed on the back of the customer's van. This also deals mainly
with the PDS requirement of a 250 lb load capacity on the stand.This FEA analysis is
looking at the worst case scenario for the stand, which is if the van were to hit a bump
that would cause the stand to become loaded with a mass twice its static mass of 62
lbs. Figure E shows the stand in its entirety with the location of interest circled in red.
The detailed view shown in figure F depicts the assumed assembly that will be taking
the stress from the impacted dynamic loading of the van traveling over a bump.

Figure E: The stand in Figure F: The detailed section circled in red at the left simplified for FEA analysis.
the stowed position.

Given:
The goal is to be able to state with confidence that the factor of safety of the
stand when in the stowed position on the back of the van is greater than 2.00 under
driving conditions. The material of the frame section is 1060 aluminum with an elastic
modulus of 10e6 psi, yield strength of 4000 psi and Poissons ratio of 0.33. The flat
plates that the caster wheels attach to are made from 1020 steel with an elastic
modulus of 29e6 psi, yield strength of 51000 psi and Poissons ratio of 0.29.

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Solution:
The load applied to the frame was 124 lbs at the location shown below in figure
G. The two connecting pins between the frame and the hitch mount are set to fixed as
they are assumed to be stationary with respect to the van. The results shown in figure G
proves that our factor of safety is above 2.00 for this area of analysis with the value of
2.20. Overall this FEA analysis shows that the stand is designed with a factor of safety
of >2.00 when in the stowed position on the back of the van when a dynamic load is
applied of 124 lbs.

Figure G: FEA results for the worst case scenario dynamic loading when locked in the stowed position.

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Static load-tension during main arm pivot-lift
Summary: The goal of this analysis was to determine the winch power requirements
and pulley placement when subjecting the main pivot arm to a statics loads which would
typically be encountered during operation. This inspection involved the Kart 2 frame,
main lift arm and pulley attachment. This was necessary to determine the initial static
force requirements for the winch to initiate a kart lift operation. With this information we
could determine the requirement of the powered winch, and the optimal height of the
pulley attachment.
Given: Static loads, dimensions of apparatus.
Assumptions: No friction, 2 dimensional loading, load applied = weight of kart

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Solution:
1
= (11.5/49.75) 13 = 125()
MIN LIFT FORCE REQUIRED = 0 = ()
INITIAL FORCE APPLIED TO MOTOR = 556()

Results: The height of the pulley assembly is sufficient to provide necessary moment
advantage to lift kart from initial position. Over the range of operation load decreases as
it is transferred to the compression of the lifting arm
Reference: Hibbeler, R. C. Engineering Mechanics: Statics and Dynamics. Upper
Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2010. Print.

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 Appendix B: PDS
Priority Requirement Customer Metric Target Target Basis Verification
Calculation
1 Weight Client Lbs. < 100 Customer Defined Calculation
3 Dynamic Load Capacity Industry Lbs. > 250 Industry Defined Calculation
3 Ability to Stow Client Yes/No Yes Customer Defined Inspection
Mobility Over Diverse
2 Client Terrain All Customer Defined Inspection
Terrain
3 Electric Powered Lift Client Yes/No Yes Customer Defined BOM
2 Operational Duration Client Minutes < 2 min. Customer Defined Calculation
3 Compatible Lift Points Client Yes/No Yes Industry Defined Design
2 Size Self Footprint ~ Kart Team Defined Design
Ergonomics
3 Ease Of Use Client Yes/No Yes Customer Defined Design
3 One Person Operation Client People 1 Person Customer Defined Design
2 Compact Client Yes/No Yes Customer Defined Design
Maintenance
2 Maintenance Interval Client Years 1 Years Customer Defined Analysis
960
1 Battery Client Hours Use Part Manufacturer Typical Lifespan Listed
Hours
1 Installation Client Yes/No Yes Customer Defined Design
1 Life in Service Self Years 5 Years Team Defined Analysis
Environment
3 All Weather Client Yes/No Yes Customer Defined Design
Materials
2 Light Weight Frame Client Lbs. < 50 lb. Group Decision Calculation
3 Weather Resistant Client Yes/No Yes Customer Defined Material Properties
3 Inexpensive Client Dollars < $600 Customer Defined BOM
2 Durable Client Yes/No Yes Customer Defined Analysis
Documentation
3 PDS Report PSU Deadline Date Feb. 2nd Course Requirement Course Evaluation
3 Progress Report PSU Deadline Date Mar. 8th Course Requirement Course Evaluation
3 Final Report PSU Deadline Date June 3rd Course Requirement Course Evaluation
Karting
1 Open Source Plans Deadline Date June 3rd Team Defined Inspection
Community
2 Patent Infringements Self Patents violated None Law Defined Patent Search

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Priority Requirement Customer Metric Target Target Basis Verification
Safety
3 Emergency Stop/Start Client Yes/No Yes Customer Defined Design
2 Pinch Points Client Yes/No No Customer Defined Design
3 Stability Self Max Roll Angle 10 Team Defined Analysis
2 Shock Hazard Self Amperage 0A Team Defined Design
2 Sharp Edges Self Yes/No None Team Defined Design
Budget
2 Materials/Fabrication Client Dollars < $600 Sponsor Budget BOM
Quality
3 Expected Use Client Yearly Cycles ~200 Customer Defined Calculation
3 Reliability Client Failure Rate 0% Customer Defined Analysis

Priority levels: 3 = High 2 = Medium 1 = Low

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 Appendix C: Ecosystem
Throughout the capstone process the Kart2 team worked alongside Dr. Baldur
Steingrimsson of Imagars in order to provide support and testing for Ecosystems. Much
of this time was dedicated to providing suggestions for improving the functionality of
Ecosystems in order to increase its value as a tool for design teams. The main
recommendation made by the Kart2 team was to integrate a file sharing system in order
to allow Ecosystems to be used across the web.

The integration of Google Drive has met this recommendation and the Kart2 teams
testimonial and video showing the use of Ecosystems along with Google Drive can be
found at the following link, courtesy of Imagars LLC.
[http://www.imagars.com/applications-ecosystem/]

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 Appendix D: 3-D Model Specifications

In addition to the published Plans set created by the Kart2 team, we decided to produce
a scale model for demonstration. Starting with the SolidWorks model the team
developed for the project, we rebuilt it using solid members and framing. Then
stereolithographic models were exported to the 3D printers maintained by the
engineering department. The high resolution printers dimensional constraints guided
our scaling. Using the max print dimensions we produced a scale model of the Kart2
stand. After cleaning and shaping the final prints, they were painted and assembled into
a functioning demonstration model which could simulate the operation of the winch.

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 Appendix E: Cost
Part Number PART LOCATION AMOUNT COST
http://www.amazon.com/Superwinch-1120210-LT2000-12-
N-1 winch Volt-Capacity/dp/B0015D4ZH0 1 100
N-3 Front Wheels http://www.mcmaster.com/#2717t42/=121h79y 2 78.40
N-4 Caster http://www.mcmaster.com/#2444t2/=121h7t7 2 120
N-5 Spacer http://www.mcmaster.com/#92510a821/=121heqe 2 14.38
N-7 Wheel Bolt http://www.mcmaster.com/#91247a418/=121hj0v 2 12.48
N-6 Wheel Nut http://www.mcmaster.com/#95462a530/=121hl0l 2 8.53
N-9 3/8" Bolt http://www.mcmaster.com/#92865a628/=12alj1j 18 8.48
N-8 3/8" Nut http://www.mcmaster.com/#95462a031/=12alhum 18 7.84
N-11 1/4" Bolt http://www.mcmaster.com/#92620a546/=122iidw 8 10.49
N-10 1/4" Nut http://www.mcmaster.com/#94895a029/=122ijh8 8 3.22
N-12 Hitch Pin http://www.mcmaster.com/#94563a811/=12334er 1 7.93
N-13 Hitch Clevis Pin http://www.mcmaster.com/#97245a697/=1233zhc 3 5.01
N-2 Battery http://www.batterymart.com 1 94.95
N-18 1" Al Square http://www.mcmaster.com/#6546k34/=12hsvy2 38 feet 205.96
N-19 1" AL Tube http://www.mcmaster.com/#9056k36/=12hsye5 3 feet 17.85
N-20 1"X 2" Al Rec http://www.mcmaster.com/#6546k39/=12alr3b 3 feet 24.59
N-15 Pulley Spacer http://www.mcmaster.com/#92320a741/=12c4jlr 1 15.34
N-14 Arm Clevis Pin http://www.mcmaster.com/#92735a270/=12c4m9d 2 9.92
N-16 Pulley Bolt http://www.mcmaster.com/#92620a634/=12c4nn2 1 7.99
N-17 2" square Tube http://www.mcmaster.com/#6527k384/=12c4s73 3 feet 23.4
N-21 0.25" Al Sheet http://www.mcmaster.com/#8975k71/=12dpnf1 2 feet 8.28
N-22 0.125" Al Sheet http://www.mcmaster.com/#8975k83/=12dpov2 1 ft 3.38
N-23 0.125" Steel Sheet http://www.mcmaster.com/#8910k394/=12dprtn 6 ft 8
N-24 16 gauge Al Sheet http://www.homedepot.com 24" by 36 16.98
N-25 2" Al Angle http://www.mcmaster.com/#8982k36/=12dsfhe 1 foot 13.48
N-26 3/8" Bearing, http://www.mcmaster.com/#6338k411/=12jw06u 8 6.16
1/8",1-1/2" Wide
N-27 Steel Bar http://www.mcmaster.com/#8910k398/=12jw2uo 1 foot 2.97
TOTAL
COST $836.01

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Appendix F: Plans

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