- consultation with the albularyo or hilot (treatments
USCP Prefinals
Health
ENERGY MEDICINES
YOGA - a method of traditional stretches, exercises,
and meditations in Hinduism.
- healing life energy that is absorbed into the body
through the breath, and hereby believed to treat wide
variety of illnesses.
TAI CHI some practice tai chi chuan primarily for self-
defense,
- some practice it for its aesthetic appeal
- some are interested in its benefits to physical and
mental health.
HEALTH AS A HUMAN RIGHT
- all individuals are entitled.
The Constitution defines the right to health as
the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of
health
healthy child development
equitable dissemination of medical knowledge
and its benefits
UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Article 25 of the United Nations Universal
Declaration of Human Rights 1948 states that
Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate
for the health and well-being of himself and of his
family, including food, clothing, housing, and medical
care and necessary social services.
Health - state of complete physical, mental and social
well-being and not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity (The Preamble of the 1946 World Health
Organization)
But majority of the rural poor experience mainstream
health care unaffordable often accessed only as debt-
inducing last resort.
For so many people in rural areas, health and healing
are consigned and relegated to alternative forms of
treatment like
- herbal concoctions or some rural alchemy
- faith healers
often spiced with bulong/orasyon)
BELIEF IN MYTHICAL CREATURES
(ALL CONTRIBUTING TO A UNIQUE HEALTH CARE BELIEFS)
MYTHOLOGICAL CREATURES too often contributing
to the conundrums of diseases.
LAMANG-LUPA OR EARTH DWELLERS are believed to
inhabit the mounds of earth and the underground,
- accidentally disturbing these places, not obtaining
leave or failing to apologize may cause a series of
complaints ranging from abdominal distress, headaches,
body pains, and even insanity
KAPRE, TIKBALANG, NUNO, ASWANG,
MANGKUKULAM, DUWENDE
Illnesses are often attributed to sorcery (kulam).
Some believe that certain diseases can only be treated
by an albularyo with expertise in countering such
illnesses.
PHILIPPINE ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
It is a practice that is put forward as having healing
effects of medicine, but does not originate from
evidence gathered using scientific method.
Many have libertos a collection of prayers for use
with bulongs and orasyon for countering common
maladies caused by bad winds, spirits and earth
dwellers.
SUOB ministered by the hilot/midwife,
- is a ritual of post-partum care that incorporates
modalities of herbs, prayer, smoke, heat and massage.
KUDLIT
PASMA - a common rural malady attributed to the
exposure of cold water manifesting in a sundry of ways:
Tremors, numbness, and various rheumatic
manifestations.
BANGUNGOT sudden nocturnal deaths
 urban and rural belief system still attribute these
nighttime sleep deaths to excesses of alcohol and
eating, pancreatitis is still held on as to the familiar
medical diagnosis
BALES is believed to be caused by an admiring or
complimentary greeting or comment like:
Your hair looks nice or you look good today.
- It is believed that the compliment carries bad wind
with it.
- An immediate verbal antidote (pang-kontra) is to say:
Puwera usog
SALIVA (LAWAY) Finger-tip wet with saliva, in a cross,
on the abdomen or forehead of the person affected by
bales.
- If the visit to the patient is not possible or
inconvenient, the albularyo can send a small bag of his
saliva to be applied as antidote.
BULONG, ORASYON, TAPAL
Bulong is a prayer in pig-latin, whispered in the course
of treatment by the folk healers.
- The orasyon is the same pig-latin prayer written in a
small piece of paper and passed as tapal on the
abdomen or forehead
Urine In some provinces, the warm first morning
urine, is used as a soaked-and-wash for tremors,
numbness, and excessive sweating.
HOMEOPATHY is a system of treating illnesses that uses
very small amounts of substances that would in larger
amounts produce symptoms of the illnesses in healthy
people.
Homeopathy is considered quackery in the medical
community
NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE based on a belief that the
body heals itself using a supernatural vital energy that
guides bodily processes.
A view in conflict with the paradigm of evidence based
medicine.
TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE is a combination of
traditional practices and belief developed over
thousands of years in China.
- Common practices include herbal medicine,
acupuncture, massage, exercise, and dietary therapy.
SUPERNATURAL ENERGIES
- supernatural energies flow from the palms of the
healer in the patient near Chakras, influencing diseases.

MANGDUDURA A spittle specialist, laypersons

believed to possess the ability to more effectively
counter bales-induced headaches, using the same
procedure of chewing various herbs and dabbing and
crossing it with his/her thumb over various body parts.

UNTON preventive measure used for infant and young

children prone to bales.
- It is usually a pouch or small sac filled with various
indigenous ingredients such as seeds, leaves, tree bark,
tobacco, carabao horn, and pinned on the childs upper
clothing.

SYSTEM OF DIAGNOSIS, PREVENTION AND HEALING

Ginger, coconut oil and alcohol A concoction of

ground or mashed ginger is mixed with little alcohol and
coconut oil for massage to the tremendous, painful or
swollen extremities.

Hugas-Bigas
Salt Soaks For sweating of the hands or feet
Salt and Bayabas leaves
Tawas Bath water with tawas dissolved in it.

Socialization as a process of
becoming fully human
To be a full member of a society an individual has to
- Acquire and learn all the necessary social roles and
skills required for a competent member of the
society
- This process is called Socialization
AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
1. Family
2. Media
3. Religion
4. Peers
5. Sports
SOCIAL DETERMINISM is a doctrine that says
individuals have no choice but to follow certain factors
or causes that control their behavior
Feral children/ wild children lack the necessary skills
and knowledge (ex. Language to be a competent
member of society)
HUMAN BEINGS AS NECESSARILY SOCIAL
- The Filipino concept of kapwa" is a close notion of
self"
- The social self is more important than the individual
self
Asian concept of selfhood emphasizes the value of
kinship structure more than the freedom of the
individual.
In collective societies, the individuals are willing to
sacrifice their personal happiness and comfort for the
sake of promoting the well-being of the family or clan
SUBJECTIFICATION
- Entails that our life stories are necessarily linked,
interweaved, and implicated with the life stories of
the others and the community.
ACQUIRING A SELF, THE PROCESS OF SELF-
CONSTITUTION
The self is the product of socialization
According to Mead, the earliest form of communication
is called gestures. (also applicable in animals)
- He also distinguishes between play and games.
- In play, the child continually acting as a parent, a
teacher, etc. (Ex. Playing with a doll)
- In games, the child begins to take into consideration
the various roles of the other participants
simultaneously.
Acquisition of language
+ capacity for self-reflection
+ ability to take into consideration the role &
expectations of others
= full development of the self
THE I" AND THE ME"
Once the self develops, the individual is able to assume
the role of others
Significant others they are individuals to whom a
person is intimate with
(Ex. Family members, relatives, peers, groups and
friends)
Generalized others the attitude of the generalized
others is the attitude of the whole community.
The me" of the self is simultaneously an instrument of
social control and conformity
The I" which responds on an ongoing, moment-to-
moment basis to the me"
Ex: I IS THE TRUE SELF
ME IS THE FAKE SELF
SOCIAL ROLES AND IDENTITY
Positioning theory people are observably and
subjectively coherent participants in jointly produced
storylines.
- People present themselves as actors in a drama
Role conflict when the person is subjected to
incompatible role expectations wherein he/she is
required to do two or more things that cannot be all
done (stress + pressure)
Role overload a suffering experienced where too
much is asked from a person.
Personal identity unique individual with self-
descriptions drawn from one's own biography (ex.
Status, names, birth date)
CULTURE AGAINST NATURE
ANNE FAUSTO-STERLING (2000) a biologist, explains
that they are not just two biological sexes that we
normally think.
There are, of course, male and female, but there are
some babies born intersexed" which means they share
characteristics of both male and female.