MODULO 3 EKT UFPS Students guide

ENGLISH COURSE TO HELP STUDENTS WHO WILL PRESENT THE

EKT-U.F.P.S. - (ENGLISH KNOWLEDGES TEST AT THE U.F.P.S.)
Council of Acad. ruling 200/6/11/07;Council of Adm.: agreement 11/5/10

N THIRD PART - CONTENTS HS/C /H

17 ADJECTIVES 2 40 OK
18 ADVERBS 1 41 OK
19 CONJUNCTIONS 2 43 OK
20 PREPOSITIONS 3 46 OK
21 DO/MAKE 1 47 OK
22 MODAL VERBS 2 49 OK
23 CONDITIONAL 2 51 OK
24 PHRASAL VERBS (IDIOMS) 3 54 OK
25 VOCABULARIES 3 58 OK
FINAL TEST 2 60

17 ADJECTIVES 2 40 OK

17A. COMPARISONS
01 Cali is a beautiful Colombian city.
02 Medellin is larger than Cali
03 Bogot is the largest city in Colombia
04 Barranquilla is as large as Medellin
05 Bucaramanga is a commercial city
06 Medellin is more commercial than Bucaramanga
07 Bogot is the most commercial city of them all.
08 Medellin is beautiful
09 Cali is as beautiful as Medellin
10 Barranquilla isnt as beautiful as Cali.
11 Cali isnt so cool as Medellin.
12 Its [] Its [.] than Its the [.]
good better Best
bad worse Worst
little less least
far farther farthest
much more most
many more most
good/well - bueno, bien better - mejor (the) best - el mejor
bad/badly - mal worse - peor (the) worst - el peor
much/many - mucho/muchos more - ms (the) most - el/los ms
little - poco less - menos (the) least - el menos
far - lejos farther/further - ms lejos (the) farthest/furthest - el ms lejano

17B. ADJECTIVE FORMATION: They seemed to be (...)

agreeable political eventful different

disagreeable nonpolitical uneventful pleasant
similar faithful formal comfortable
dissimilar unfaithful informal sensible
afraid continuous respectful active
unafraid discontinuous disrespectful imaginative
clear active pure crowded
unclear inactive impure surprising
fair natural wealthy wonderful
unfair unnatural unwealthy marvelous
healthy perfect friendly ordinary
unhealthy imperfect unfriendly easy
direct selfish beautiful hard
indirect unselfish worthless complicated
complete educational dangerous good
incomplete noneducational accidental nice
existent fortunate basic salty
nonexistent unfortunate childish hot

17C. BASIC ADJECTIVES OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

afraid fair little rich three
bad famous long sad twelve
big fat loud safe twenty
black first low second two
blind five mad seven warm
blue foreing middle short weak
bright four necessary sick white
broad fresh nervous simple wide
brown full new single wild
busy gentle nice six wise
certain glad old slow worth
clean good one small wrong
clear great pleasant soft yellow
cold green poor sorry young
cool happy possible special next
dark hard pretty straight sure
dear heavy probable strange half
deep high proud strong important
different hot public sweet forward
direct humble pure talk human
distant hungry quick tall dead
double ill quiet ten due
easy kind ready thick equal
eight large real thin past
electric left red third perfect

17D. BASIC ADJECTIVES OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Awake despierto Asleep - dormido Fat - gordo Thin - flaco
Beautiful hermoso Ugly - feo Full - lleno Empty - vaco
Big - grande Small - pequeo Glad - contento Sad - triste
Bitter - amargo Sweet - dulce Good - bueno Bad - malo
Black - negro White - blanco Happy - feliz Sorry - apenado
Careful - cuidadoso Careless - descuidado Hard - duro Soft - blando
Dark - oscuro Light - claro Healthy - saludable Sick - enfermo
Dead - muerto Alive - vivo Heavy - pesado Light - liviano
Deep - profundo Shallow - superficial High - alto Low - bajo
Difficult - difcil Easy - fcil Hot - caliente Cold - fro
Dirty - sucio Clean - limpio Interesting - interesante Boring - aburrido
Drunk - borracho Sober - sobrio Late - tarde Early - temprano
Expensive - caro Cheap - barato Long - largo Short - corto
Far - lejano Near - cercano Simple - simple Complex - complejo
New - nuevo Old - viejo Single - soltero Married - casado
On - encendido Off - apagado Straight - derecho Crooked - torcido
Past - pasado Future - futuro Strong - fuerte Weak - dbil
Polite - corts, atento Rude - grosero Tall - alto Short - bajo
Rich - rico Poor - pobre Thick - grueso Thin - delgado
Right - derecho Left - izquierdo True - verdadero False - falso
Right - correcto Wrong - equivocado Useful - til Useless - intil
Rough - spero Smooth - suave, liso Warm - clido Cool - fresco
Safe - seguro Dangerous - peligroso Wet - mojado Dry - seco
Same - mismo Different - diferente Wide - ancho Narrow - angosto
Fast - rpido Slow - lento Young - joven Old - viejo
18 ADVERBS 1 41 OK
COMMON ENGLISH ADVERBS

Hes working [.............]

Place: here, there, near, far, far from, inside, out, out of, up, down, ahead, in back of,
over, under, behind

Time: I work [...] I worked [...] I will work[...] Im working[...]

today, yesterday, the day before yesterday, tomorrow, last night, now, before,
after, then late, early, soon, always, never, seldom, rarely, frequently, usually,
ever, sometimes, often, recently, already, yet, every month, every week, every
year, last month, next week, next time, now and then, in an hour, every other day.

Mood He works [...] He worked [...] He will work [...] Hes working [...]

well, badly, better, slowly, promptly, correctly, gladly, foolishly, weekly, monthly,
perfectly, sadly, softly, suddenly, plainly, happily, formally, daily, instantly, yearly

Quantity How much paper did you buy? How many papers did you buy?

much, a little, a few, more, less, enough, nothing, some everything, something,
many, a lot of, lots of, plenty, a great deal.

Order first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth,
successively, respectively, lately, (the) former, (the) latter

yes, also, certainly, sure, surely, effectively, no, nor, clearly, neither, either, never,
maybe, perhaps

18B. STRUCTURE OF ADVERBS IN ENGLISH

bad, badly/ quick, quickly/ luxurious, luxuriously/ public, publicly/ faithful, faithfully/ cheap,
cheaply/ easy, easily/ true, truly/ sad, sadly/ probable, probably/ honest, honestly/ happy,
happily/ nice, nicely/ beautiful, beautifully/ changeable, changeably/ perfect, perfectly/

19 CONJUNCTIONS AND OTHER FUNCTION WORDS 2 43 OK

19. CONJUNCTIONS

and They were drinking and laughing.

but He likes to do everything but study.
for He went there for he was thirsty.
or Would you like to speak about Lucy or Fanny?
nor Id neither speak about Lucy nor Fanny.
so He didnt call me up, so I called him up.
yet We havent finished our study yet.
 19B. DETERMINANTS
the These are the basic function words in English.
a This is a very important exercise.
an That is an interesting practice.
my Those are my university books.
your Wheres your teachers signature?
his Which are his technical works?
her Why is her decision unimportant?
its When is its library open?
our How are our letters delivered?
their How long are their kids going to be here)
this This experiment is very hard.
that Which structure shows that engineer?
these Did you plan these operations?
those Could you attend those organizations?
each Would each one produce a larger amount?
every Does every company build up a bridge?
no We have no time to lose.
both Have both subjects been studied?
some Some people do not like to take trips.
any Should any technician be invited to the forum?
all All of them like to investigate in their field
many Many electricians work in the country.
much Do you eat much food at night?
few Very few people go to the university in Colombia.
several Several nurses teach special programs in Ccuta.
either Dont forget to take either this map or the other.
neither Neither this lawyer nor the other were right.
more Shall we need more experiments?
most Most people lose lots of time doing nothing.

19C. INTENSIFIERS

very It is very important that you know yourself.

quite We were quite tired after such a work.
somewhat It is somewhat difficult to be used.
rather It is rather easy to learn a language.
pretty It could be pretty well understood.
mighty They were mighty important for everyone.
little Do you feel a little better now?
so They have so little time to study that subject.
too Life in Ccuta is too expensive.
more We have to get more money for living.
most It is the most beautiful place in the world.
less Indians and farmers shouldnt be less important.
least Tallness is the least important thing.
enough This climate is good enough for living things.
 19D. SUBORDINATES

After You shouldnt play after lunch.

although He came although he didnt want to.
as Does every man speak as he thinks?
As if Some people pretend to live as if they were rich.
because You are here because you want to succeed.
before You have to get money before you plan to go.
how Do you know how to speak in French?
if Would you travel if you had money?
provided You will get a degree provided you pass the test.
since He hadnt studied English since he was sixteen.
than It is bigger than you think.
that The books that he bought werent new.
though He got the money, though he didnt work for it.
until Do not leave until you are told to.
what It wasnt what I told you to do.
when They were reading when she arrived.
whenever You can drive it whenever you wish to.
where There is where it was done.
which This is the university which he preferred.
whereas Hes responsible, whereas his sister isnt.
whichever Select the car whichever you like best.
while I was flying while they were sailing.
who That is the man who plays the guitar.
whoever It isnt true whoever said so.
whom Those are for whom he was working.
whose That is the boy whose father won a lottery.

19E. SENTENCE CONNECTORS

therefore They went to the movies; therefore, John couldnt see them.
accordingly It was locked. They, accordingly, with it left at once.
also Gasoline was increased. They also increased all other prices.
at least Its difficult to be obtained. At least we must get one.
besides He doesnt come on time, besides, he forgets everything.
consequently He was a bad employee, consequently, he was fired.
for example It is easy to be understood if, for example, you speak slowly.
furthermore They couldnt paint the wall and, furthermore, they shouldnt.
hence The computer was out of order; hence, the answers were wrong.
however He was a tennis player; however, he couldnt play table tennis.
indeed They were in the farm, indeed, they forced to work there
in addition They lost a lot of money, in addition to it, there was an accident.
in fact They were published. They were, in fact, very good.
moreover She is a fast typist, moreover, she is diligent.
nevertheless The tests were given; nevertheless, nobody answered them.
then They were stated, and then they could take right decisions.
thus It was settled so, thus, no one can change it.
 19F. INTERROGATIVE WORDS

what What is the importance of the university?

where Where was the meeting taking place?
when When is the party going to be over?
why Why would you like to go there?
How How could you do it again?
which Which career do you like best?
whose Whose house are you going to buy?
who(m) Who(m) did you visit yesterday?
who Who visited you?

20 PREPOSITIONS 3 46 OK

about Acerca de This guide is about English structures.

above Por encima de The university is above high school.
across A travs de We walked across the International Bridge.
after Despus de Study one word after another.
against Contra Prepare yourself against any adversity.
along A lo largo de Be yourself along your pass over this planet
among En medio de There are many thinkers among Colombians
around Alrededor de Lets take a trip around our country.
at En We are at the university.

before Antes Make plans before you start anything.

behind Detrs de You cant stay behind others, go ahead.
below Por debajo de The temperature in Ccuta isnt below 30C.
beneath Por debajo de Your words must not be beneath your thought.
beside Al lado de The Erasmos Meoz Hospital is beside the I.S.S.
besides Adems de Did you study another career besides this one?
between Entre La Don Juana is between Ccuta and Pamplona
beyond Ms all de Is the moon beyond mans reach now?
by Por Hamlet was written by William Shakespeare.
despite A pesar de You will learn English despite its problems.
down Abajo Lets go down the river.
during Durante Have a break during your work
for Por, para You should be learning for yourself
from De, desde Where are you from?
in En, dentro de Business used to be the main occupation here.
inside Dentro de Have you ever been inside a theater for plays?
into Dentro de Change your sorrows into happiness by working
like Como Life is like a chess game, isnt it?
near Cerca de There is a hospital near U.F.P.S.
of De We all are part of the education system.
off Fuera In december you are off your studies and work.
on En St. Joseph Cathedral is on fifth avenue.
 onto Sobre The seed were spread onto the dessert.
over Por encima de Jets fly over this beautiful city Ccuta.
since Desde U.F.P.S. has been functioning since 1962.
through A travs de UFPS has grown through the work of people.
throughout En todo It is well known throughout the country.
till-until Hasta Read carefully till (until) you understand.
toward Hacia You are going toward a better future.
under Debajo de Your percentage cant be under 64%
up Arriva Climb up any stairs, step by step.
upon Sobre Dont climb upon the clouds of your dreams.
with Con Do you live in peace with yourself?
within Dentro de San Antonio is within 10 kms from Ccuta.
without sin You cannot go ahead without others.

21 DO/MAKE 1 47 OK

21A. DO/MAKE Mrs. Jones is a housewife - La seora Jones es una ama de casa

She has to do the housework She has to make the beds

Ella tiene que hacer el trabajo de la casa
She has to do the cooking
Ella tiene que cocinar
She has to do the washing up
Ella tiene que fregar los platos
She has to do the washing/the laundry
Ella tiene que lavar la ropa sucia
She has to do the shopping
Ella tiene que hacer las compras
She has to do the ironing
Ella tiene que planchar la ropa
She has to do the dusting
Ella tiene que quitar el polvo a las cosas
Ella tiene que hacer las camas
She has to make breakfast
Ella tiene que hacer el desayuno
She has to make lunch
Ella tiene que hacer el almuerzo
She has to make dinner
Ella tiene que hacer la cena
She has to make coffee/tea
Ella tiene que hacer caf/t
She has to make a cake
Ella tiene que hacer un torta
She has to make sure that the house is in order
Ella tiene que asegurarse que la casa est en orden

21B. DO/MAKE Mr. Jones is a businessman - El seor Jones es un empresario

He is doing business with important companies
l est haciendo negocios con firmas importantes
He is doing well in his job
Va bien en su trabajo
He does his best to improve his company
Hace lo mejor que puede para mejorar su empresa
He is making a lot of money
Est haciendo un montn de dinero
He is making a fortune
Est haciendo una fortuna
He doesn't like to make mistakes
He would like to make a long trip/journey
Le gustara hacer un largo viaje
His employees make fun of him
Sus empleados se burlan de l
He has to make a speech for a meeting
Tiene que hacer un discurso para una reunin
His secretary makes appointments for him
Su secretaria arregla citas para l
She also makes telephone calls and reservations
Tambin hace llamadas telefnicas y reservas
He says that his employees make trouble
 No le gusta equivocarse
Sometimes he makes a fuss when something goes
wrong
Algunas veces arma un lo cuando algo sale mal
He rarely makes jokes
Casi nunca hace chistes
He doesn't have much time to make friends
No tiene mucho tiempo para hacer amigos
He is making an effort to increase sales
Est haciendo un esfuerzo para aumentar las ventas
l dice que sus empleados causan problemas
He also says that women make a lot of noise
Tambin dice que las mujeres hacen mucho ruido
He often makes a fool of himself
A menudo se pone en ridculo
He makes use of his authority to threaten people
Utiliza su autoridad para amenazar a las personas
Some of his decisions don't make sense
Algunas de sus decisiones no tienen sentido

21C DO/MAKE other examples

John is doing badly at school (he is not doing well)

John no va bien en la escuela
He doesn't like to do his homework - No le gusta hacer su tarea
The hurricane did a lot of damage in the area
El huracn caus mucho dao en la zona
The policeman was doing his duty when he arrested the thief
El polica estaba cumpliendo con su deber cuando arrest al ladrn
Mary did her hair and her face and left for the party
Mary se pein, se maquill y sali para la fiesta
"Can you do me a favor ?" - Me puedes hacer un favor?
"I want to make a complaint about the service in this hotel"
Quiero presentar una queja sobre el servicio en este hotel
The man and the woman were making love in the back seat of their car
El hombre y la mujer estaban haciendo el amor en el asiento trasero de su auto
Johnny made a mess in his room - Johnny hizo un desorden en su cuarto
Bill made his way to the university - Bill se dirigi a la universidad
Jane made an excuse and left - Jane se disculp y se march
"What are you doing here?" - Qu ests haciendo aqu?

22 MODAL VERBS (helping verbs with another verb) 2 49 OK

MODALS (A) USO Ejemplos Traduccin y explicacin

Expresar She can read in French Ella lee en Francs

habilidad
She could read when she was four
She was able to read French stories
Pedir y dar Can I go out, teacher?
Permiso
Could you turn on the T.V.?
You may leave now
Preguntar Can you erase the board, please?
Could you erase the board, please?
Expresar You have to go to bed now
Necesidad
You have got to go to bed now.
Ella saba leer cuando tena cuatro aos
Ella poda leer cuentos en Francs
Puedo salir, profe? (Uso comn)
Puedes encender la T.V? (Uso popular)
Puedes salir ahora. (Uso popular)
Puede borrar el tablero (Poco corts)
Podras borrar el tablero (Ms corts)
Debes irte a dormir
Tienes que irte a dormir
 He had to go to bed early
You must go to bed now
You must run or youll be late
Expresar You dont have to leave until 8:00
carencia
She didnt have to write letters
Dar You should study every day.
consejo
You ought to study every day
He shouldnt have brought that
He ought not to have brought that.
Tuvo que acostarse temprano
Debes acostarte ya
Debes apresurarte o llegars tarde
(con poder sobre otro=must)
No tienes que irte sino hasta las 8:00
Ella no tuvo que escribir cartas.
Deberas estudiar todos los das
Tu tienes que estudiar todos los das.
El no debera haber trado eso.
El no tena que haber trado eso.
(Se usan para acciones (in/correctas)

Dar You mustnt smoke so much. No debes fumar tanto.

Ordenes Debes cuidar tu salud.
You must take care of your health
You are not to be out No debes estar afuera.
Debes estar aqu
You are to be here
Expresar He has played all day. El ha jugado todo el da.
certidumbre Debe estar cansado.
He must be tired
E imposibilidad El no ha jugado. No puede estar cansado.
He has not played. He cant be tired.
Ella no esta en el colegio.
She is not at school.
Debe haberse ido a casa.
She must have gone home.
Must y cant son opuestos en significado.
Hablando del It will rain tonight. Llover esta anoche.
Futuro Te invitar cuando hayamos ganado ms dinero.
I shall invite you when we have made some
money (Will es ms comn que shall. Shall es usado familiarmente solo
con (I y WE)
Expresar It may rain tonight Puede que llueva esta noche. (+)
Posibilidad Podra llover esta noche. (-)
It might rain tonight
Hablar del I used to play pebbles when I was a boy. Yo jugaba canicas cuando era nio.
pasado Rara vez estaramos afuera de noche
We would rarely stay out at night

MODALS (B) (not) --- (nt) Preguntas Describiendo lo que

alguien dijo
Can He can not speak German Can he speak German? He said he could speak German
He cant speak German
Could I couldnt swim Could you swim She said she could swim when she was a
when I was a little girl When you were a little girl? little girl
May You may not go to the river May I go to the river? I said you may not go
today.
Might We might not be at home Where might they be? They said they might stay at the hotel.

Shall We shall not work on Shall we go to work on He said we should go to the park on
Saturday Saturday? Saturday.
Must They must not walk Must they walk now? She said they must walk now.

Have to You dont have to study Do you have to study? I said you have to study

Are to You arent to leave your Are you to leave your He said they were to leave their work
work work?
Should He should visit the doctor Should he visit the doctor? I said you should visit the doctor.

Ought to You ought not to teach Ought you to teach there? They said you ought to teach there
 there.
Will It wont be a sunny day Will it a sunny day? I said it wouldnt be a sunny day

Used to I didnt use to smoke at the Did you use to smoke at She said she used to smoke at home.
office the office?
Would I would not come back Would you come back He said I wouldnt come back tomorrow
tomorrow tomorrow?

23 CONDITIONAL 2 51 OK

Type I Present Will / can / may / must + V1

If he is busy now, I will come back tomorrow Si est ocupado ahora, regresar maana
If I have time, I'll visit my parents this afternoon Si tengo tiempo, visitar a mis padres esta tarde
If it is warm tomorrow, we'll go to the beach Si est caluroso maana, iremos a la playa
If it is cold, you must wear warm clothes Si est fro, debes usar ropa abrigada

Type II Past Would / could / might + V1

If I were in Brazil, I would go to Ro de Janeiro
If I were you, I would buy that car
If he were in my place, he wouldn't do this
If I had more money, I would buy a nice
appartment
Si yo estuviese en Brasil, ira a Ro de Janeiro
Si yo fuera vos, comprara ese auto
Si l estuviese en mi lugar, no hara esto
Si yo tuviese ms dinero, me comprara un lindo
apartamento

Type III Past Perfect Would / could / might + have V3

If I had seen him, I would have told him about you
If I had known the answer, I would have raised my
hand
If she had come on Saturday, I would have seen
her
If they had left earlier, they would have arrived on
time
Si lo hubiese visto, le habra contado acerca de ti
Si hubiese sabido la respuesta, habra levantado mi
mano
Si ella hubiese venido el sbado, la habra visto
Si ellos hubiesen salido ms temprano, habran
llegado a tiempo

Habitual Present Present

If I have time, I usually go to the movies Si tengo tiempo, generalmente voy al cine
If she eats hamburgers, she gets an allergy Si ella come hamburguesas, le da alergia.
If they come here, they always bring a present Si ellos vienen aqu, siempre traen un regalo
If she doesn't know the answer, she keeps silent Si ella no sabe la respuesta, se mantiene en silencio

Imperative Present Imperative

If they are busy, don't disturb them Si ellos estn ocupados, no los molestes
If it is raining, please bring me my umbrella Si est lloviendo, por favor, trame mi paraguas
If she phones, don't tell her I was here Si ella llama, no le digas que estuve aqu
If you don't want to go, don't go Si no quers ir, no vayas
24 PHRASAL VERBS (IDIOMS) 3 54 OK

24A. SOME BASIC COMMON IDIOMS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

(Meanings can change)
Above all por encima de todo Get in entrar
As to con respecto a Get lost perderse
As usual como de costumbre Get off bajarse de (bus)
As yet todava Get on subirse a (bus)
At all del todo Get out salir
At first al comienzo Get over terminar
At last al final Get ready estar listo
At least por lo menos Get rid of deshacerse
At once inmediatamente Get through terminar
At times a veces Get together reunirse
Be up hallarse Get up levantarse
Be used up estar desgastado Get used to soler
Blow up explotar Give away regalar
Break down romper Give in ceder
Break off interrumpir Give out repartir
Bring about ocurrir Give place dar lugar
Bring out producir Give up darse por vencido
Call for solicitar Go on continuar
Call off cancelar Go wrong equivocarse
Call up telefonear Hand in entregar
Check up revisar Have got conseguir
Come about ocurrir Have in hand tener a mano
Come away desprenderse Have on tener
Come back regresr Right away inmediatament
Come in siga I had a suit made. tenia un traje
Come on vamos I have a suit made. tengo un traje
Cross out tachar I have to go tengo que ir
Cut off cortar In a hurry de prisa
Cut out eliminar In time a tiempo
Do over hacer Its cold. hace frio
Fall through fracasar Its early es temprano
Find out hallar Its hot. hace calor
For good para siempre Its late. es tarde
Get along llevarsela bien Its one oclock la una en punto
Get back regresar Its up to you depende de ud.
 24B. SOME BASIC COMMON IDIOMS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
(Meanings can change)
Keep back retener Right away inmediatamente
Keep in mind tener en mente See about ver
Keep on seguir Set forth exponer
Keep out mantenerse afuera So far hasta la presente
Keep out of prohibir entrada Take a walk caminar
Look for buscar Take advantage tomar ventaja
Look into examinar Take after parecerse a
Look over revisar Take apart separar
Look up mejorar Take care of cuidar
Make clear aclarar Take off quitarse
Make good cumplir Take on asumir
Make out distiinguir Take out sacar
Make up hacer Take over ocupar
Make up your mind haga su voluntad Take part participar
Mix up mesclar Take part in participar
Now and again una y otra vez Take place tener lugar
Now and then de vez en cuando Take turns turnarse
Off and on de vez en cuando Take up tomar
On purpose a propsito Take up with llevarsela con
On the whole del todo Talk over discutir
On time a tiempo There are hay
Once in a while de vez en cuando There is hay
Out of order fuera de uso There was haba
Over and over una y otra vez There were haba
Pick out seleccionar Throw away botar
Pick up recoger Throw out sacar
Point out sealar Time is over se acabo el tiempo
Put away botar Time is up se acabo el tiempo
Put off cancelar To be (x) years old. tener (x) aos
Put off apagar To be angry. estar enojado
Put on ponerse To be hungry tener hambre
Put out apagar To be over acabar
Put together reunir To be thirsty tener sed
Put up terminar Try on probarse
Quite a few unos pocos Turn off apagar
Wear out desgastar Up to date hasta la presente
 24C. (TEXTS) USING SOME BASIC COMMON IDIOMS
OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE (Meanings can change)

The use of phrasal verbs (or idioms) (or two or more word verbs) is above all a very common way of expressing
in English. The idioms have different meanins. You can say Please take off your hat or The plane cant take
off because of the rain. In the first case it referes to uncover the head and the second one about a plane that
cant start its flight. At first it is a little difficult but with at least a couple of hours of practice you will be
ready to use them properly. I think you are getting ready for this practice. I advice you not to break down
your studies easily. If you give up you wont learn a lot. Dont be afraid of going wrong, nobody is perfect. If
you have a list of words or sentences for study you can cross out those you are understanding.
Any how its up to you to learn. You got to get along well with your mates. You have to be in time for your
practices. Dont say its too hot or its too cold for not doing what you should do. Keep in mind the
importance of getting the knowledges in grammar competences. If there are words you dont know you better
look for them in a good dictionary. You can make up many things if you have the decision for it. Make up
your mind but dont offend any one. Remember that your rights end where those of your neighbor begins.
On purpose, you should practice more hours at home by yourself, take part in the role of playing dramas with
your classmates and friends. You should take up with every one, that is a good rule of politeness. Point out the
significance of knowing a second language. Dont put out the flame of you interest, put on the suit of hard
work.
What things do you do in a common day? You wake up at five in the morning, then yo get up and go to take a
shower. You brush your teeth, and then you get dressed. Go down the stairs to the dining room and have
breakfast in a hurry because youre late and have to get on a bus to go to your work. Near your office you get
off the bus and walk in a hurry to your office. There you sit down at your desk and jot down the objectives of
the day. You call up your secretay and ask her to digit some letters and have them sent by mail as soon as
possible. You are working hard the entire morning and by midday you are to come back home for eating and
resting. You get home and take off your clothes, watch news on T.V. and go to the dining room for having
lunch. Before two in the afternoon you go back to your work to finish the journey. At the office you pick up the
correspondence and read it all. Put apart the important ones and throw away the others. By five in the
afternoon you have a break and go to the self-service restaurant for having some tea or cold drink. Buy the
newspaper and read the profit-making news bulletin.
It doesn't matter by if you havent understood yet this practice. Never mind, you will be able to get it. Of
course! You have to work hard or you are wrong with your decitions. Dont forget to check in and out your
activities in the schedule. You are heading for abetter comprehension of this language. Do you mind if I open
up your spirit for working? If you don't care for any of these experiences you wont go ahead. Hold on! Don't
hang up the interest of your imagination. If you've got a terrible headache you should have a break and have
a pill.
 25 VOCABULARIES 3 58 OK

25A. GENERAL VOCABULARY BRUSH UP (1a)

CARDINAL NUMBERS: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen,
fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty; twenty one, twenty two, twenty three, twenty
four, twenty five, twenty six, twenty seven, twenty eight, twenty nine, thirty: Ten, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty,
sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety, [one] hundred; [one] thousand; [one] hundred thousand; [one] million

ORDINAL NUMBERS: first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh,
twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, twentieth; twenty first,
twenty second, twenty third, twenty fourth, twenty fifth, twenty sixth, twenty seventh, twenty eighth, twenty
ninth, thirtieth; Tenth, twentieth, thirties, fortieth, fiftieth, sixtieth, seventieth, eightieth, ninetieth, [one]
hundredth; [one] thousandth, [one] millionth,

TIME: Clock, hour hand, minute hand, face, watch, oclock, 9 to 10 , nine five, five past nine; Morning,
afternoon, midday, midnight, night, quarter, half, noon, [3:45] what time is it? (Its three forty five) (Its a
quarter to four) Now, yesterday, tomorrow, next week, last month, next year, last weekend, on Sunday, in the
winter, in December, the day before yesterday, the day after tomorrow; Frequency: ever, never, always,
seldom, rarely, usually; Weather: (Freezing, cold, temperate, hot); winter, autumn, spring, summer

PLACES: at home, in the office, at the restaurant, at the hotel, in the hospital, in the garage, at the university,
at the drugstore, in the supermarket, at the mall, in the church, at the cinema, at the theater, in the parking place,
at the bus station, at the airport, at the bus terminal, downtown, in the swimming pool, in the river, in the
library, in the room, in the classroom, in the school coliseum, in the kitchen, in the living room, in the
bathroom, in the bedroom, in the yard, in the patio, in the kitchen, on the street, in the avenue, in the park.

CALENDAR: Days: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday

Months; January, February, March, June, July, August, September, October, November, December; Holidays:
1st of May (Labor day), 25th of December (Christmas day), 1st of November (All saints day), 20th of July
(Independence day), 12th of October (Discovery of America), 7th of August (Boyacas battle), 6th of January
(Kings day), April (Holly week)

SHAPES: Cube, square, triangle, rectangle, circle, oval, ellipse, cylinder sphere, Long, depth, height, side,
width, length, diagonal, circumference, diameter, radius, parallel, spiral, perpendicular, hypotenuse,

MONEY: Dollar, dime, quarter, cent, penny, nickel, travelers check, money order, credit card, debit card,
teller, bank, bank vault, deposit, cash machine, withdrawal slip; euro, dollar.

GEOGRAPHY DESCRIPTIONS: Forest, lake, meadow, mountain, valley, waterfall, rapids, hill, field,
stream, pond, plateau, cliff, canyon, river, dam, desert, dune, jungle, seashore, bay, ocean, island, road, street,
avenue, diagonal, gulf, map, globe, atlas, state, city, town, village, peak, snow crested, oasis, sea, ocean,

POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY: America, south America, Europe, north America, Asia, Africa, England,
United States, Germany, Italy, France, Spain, Cuba, Mexico, Canada, Japan, China, India,
WORKERS, ARTISTS, AND PROFESSIONALS: Actor, actress, artist, model, painter, cartoonist, pianist, singer,
Architect, computer programmer, lawyer, accountant, pilot, teacher, translator, Pharmacist, veterinarian,
scientist, doctor, pediatrician, nurse, dentist, journalist, Assembler, baker, barber, bookkeeper, bricklayer,
bus driver, butcher, carpenter, cashier, chef, cook, construction worker, messenger, custodian, data
processor, delivery person, electrician, farmer, firefighter, fireman, fisherman, foreman, gardener, mechanic,
newscaster, photographer, plumber, police officer, real estate agent, receptionist, repairman, salesman,
seamstress, secretary, security guard, clerk, tailor, taxi driver, travel agent, waiter, welder, car dealer, typist,
hunter, window washer, sanitation worker, truck driver, welder, florist, secretary, teller, hairdresser, barber,
tailor, customer, shopper, cashier, cash register

EMOTIONAL AND PHYSICAL STATES: Tired, sleepy, exhausted, active, hot, cold, hungry, thirsty, full, sick, ill,
happy, sad, unhappy, pleased, displeased, disappointed, upset, annoyed, frustrated, angry, mad furious,
disgusted, surprised, shocked, nervous, worried, scared, afraid, bored, proud, embarrassed, ashamed,
jealous, confused, miserable, determined, shy, suspicious, introverted, extroverted,

RELATIVES (family): Great grand father (mother), grand father(mother), father, mother, brother, grand
(children/son/daughter/), sister, uncle, aunt, son, daughter, cousin, nephew, husband, wife,
father/mother/son/daughter-in-law

THE BODY: Face, hair, eye, ear, nose, mouth, lip, chin, chest, stomach, arm, forearm, writs, hand, finger,
thumb, nail, leg, thigh, knee, shin, foot, toe, head, neck, back, shoulder, upper arm, elbow, waist, hip,
buttocks, palm calf, ankle, heel, forehead, temple, eyebrow eyelid, eyelash, pupil cheek,. Mustache, tooth,
beard, tongue, brain, artery, vein, throat, lung, heart, liver, gall bladder, small intestine, tissue, bone

SUPERMARKET: Check-out area, , checkbook, groceries, packer, bag, sack, frozen (vegetables-dinner, juice-
meat-chicken), yogurt, cheese, eggs, margarine, butter, milk, canned goods, bacon, roast, pork chops,
chicken, roaster, ground meat, steak, lamb chops, fish, shrimp, bread, cereal cookies, crackers, macaroni, rice,
peas; Steak, baked potatoes, roast beef, stuffed tomatoes, pork chops, spaghettis, meatballs, roast chicken,
baked beans, hero sandwich, roast beef sandwich, pizza, fried squid, fried chicken, potato chips, tortilla chips,
pretzels, popcorn, peanuts, candy bar, chewing gum donut, milk shake, hamburger, hot dog, French fries,
onion rings, mustard, ketchup relish, pickles; (Tomato-orange-papaya-custard apple-strawberries-pineapple-
cucumber-watermelon)juice; Apple, pear, grapes, kiwis, mango, coconuts, avocado, banana, nectarines,
plums, cherries, apricots, lemons, limes, grapefruits, oranges, pineapples, papayas, peaches, strawberries,
raspberries, watermelon, custard apple, pineapple, peaches, apple pie, chocolate cake, ice cream, jelly;
Lettuce, green onions, radish, watercress, tomatoes, cucumbers, celery, (yellow-green-red) pepper, potatoes,
(red-pearl) onions, cauliflower, spinach, garlic, (green-string) beans, eggplants, asparagus, broccoli, ginger,
cabbage; Coffee, Chocolate, tea, milk, juice, soft drink, soda, lemonade, beer, whisky, syrup, water
ADJECTIVES: Afraid, bad, big, black, blind, blue, bright, broad, brown, busy, certain, clean, clear, cold, cool, dark,
dear, deep, different, direct, distant, double, easy, eight, electric, fair, famous, fat, first, five, foreign, four, fresh, full,
gentle, glad, good, great, green, happy, hard, heavy, height, high, hot, humble, hungry, ill, kind, large, left, little, long,
loud, low, mad, middle, necessary, nervous, new, nice, old, one, pleasant, poor, possible, pretty, probable, proud, public,
pure, quick, quiet, ready, real, red, rich, sad, safe, second, seven, short, sick, simple, single, six, slow, small, soft, sorry,
special, straight, strange, strong, sweet, talk, tall, ten, thick, thin, third, three, twelve, twenty, two, warm, weak, white,
wide, wild, wise, worth, wrong, yellow, young, next, sure, half, important, forward, human, dead, due, equal, past, perfect

NOUNS: Account, age, air, amount, anger, animal, apple, arm, army, art, article, baby, bag, ball, bandit, bank,
basket, battle, bay, bean, bear, beauty, bed, bell, bill, bird, bit, blood, board, boat, body, bone, book, bottom,
box, boy, branch, bread, bridge, brother, bug, building, bus, business, butter, cake, captain, car, case, cent,
center, century, chain, chair, chance, Character, chief, child, children, church, circle, city, class, clock, cloth,
clothes, cloud, club, coal, coat, college, color, command, company, condition, corn, corner, country, course,
cup, daughter, day, deal, decision, degree, dinner, doctor, dog, dollar, door, duty, ear, earth, east, edge, effort,
egg, enemy, evening, experience, eye, face, fact, fall, family, farm, father, favor, feet, fellow, fence, field, finger,
floor, flower, food, fool, foot, force, forest, friend, front, fruit, future, game, garden, gate, general, gentlemen, gift,
girl, glass, god, good-bye, grain, grave, gravy, group, gun, hair, hall, hat, head, health, heart, heaven, hill,
history, hole, home, honor, horse, hour, house, hundred, husband, ice, idea, inch, income, industry, interest,
iron, island, job, journey, joy, king, kiss, kitchen, knee, lady, lake, land, law, leg, length, letter, life, line, lip, lord,
loss, lot, machine, mail, man, manner, march, market, master, material, matter, measure, meat, meeting,
member, men, method, mile, milk, mill, million, mind, minute, modern, moment, money, month, moon, morning,
mother, mountain, mouth, Mr., Mrs., mud, music, name, nation, nature, neck, neighbor, news, night, nine, noise,
noon, north, nose, note, number, object, ocean, office, oil, opinion, order, page, pain, pair, paper, part, party,
peace, people, period, person, picture, piece, plain, pleasure, point, position, post, president, price, problem,
purpose, quarter, queen, question, race, reason, result, rifle, rim, river, road, rock, room, rose, round, row, salt,
scene, school, sea, season, seat, seed, sense, service, shade, shape, ship, shirt, shoe, shop, shore, shot,
shoulder, side, sight, sign, silver, sister, size, skin, sky, soil, soldier, son, song, soul, south, space, spirit, spot,
square, St., star, station, stock, stone, storm, story, stream, street, strength, sugar, suit, summer, sun, system,
table, tail, taste, thing, thousand, time, top, town, trade, train, tree, trip, trouble, true, trust, uncle, valley, value,
view, village, voice, wagon, wall, war, water, way, weather, week, weight, west, wheat, wheel, wife, wind,
window, wing, winter, woman, women, wood, word, world, yard, year, care, fancy, fine, today, tomorrow,
yesterday, self, cause, change, charge, cook, date, delight, demand, desire, device, doubt, dream, dress, dust,
end, fear, fight, figure, fish, fly, hand, heat, hope, join, judge, lie, light, list, mark, miss, need, notice, pass, place,
plan, plant, power, pray, present, press, rain, rule, shout, show, sort, sound, spring, state, step, store, strike,
subject, success, supply, surprise, tie, travel, visit, wave.

ADVERBS: able, almost, already, also, always, away, beat, best, better, early, especially, fast, likely, lonely,
often, once, only, perhaps, soon, alone, ever, never, always, rarely, seldom, usually, frequently, late, well, bad,
happily, sadly, honestly, proudly, properly
VERBS: abort, accept, act, add, admit, advance, agree, allow, am, answer, appear, are, arrive, ask, attempt, be,
became, become, been, began, begin, being, believe, belong, bless, blow, born, break, breath, bring, broken,
brought, build, built, burn, buy, call, came, can, cant, carry, catch, caught, choose, come, complete, consider,
contain, continue, cost, could, cut, dance, dare, decide, declare, destroy, did, die, discover, divide, do , does,
done, dry, eat, enjoy, enter, escape, expect, explain, express, fail, feed, feel, fell, fill, find, finish, fix, follow,
forget, found, free, gain, gather, gave, get, give, given, go, gone, got, govern, grew, ground, grow, guard, guess,
had, hang, happen, has, have, hear, heard, held, hold, hunt, hurry, hurt, include, is, jump, keep, kept, kill, knew,
know, known, laugh, lay, lead, learn, lease, leave, led, let, listen, live, look, lose, lost, made, make, marry, may,
mean, meet, met, might, move, pick, prepare, prove, pull, put, raise, ran, reach, read, realize, receive, remain,
remember, reply, require, roll, run, rush, sat, save, saw, say, see, seek, seem, seen, sell, send, sent, separate,
serve, set, settle, shake, shall, share, shine, should, sing, sit, sleep, sold, speak, spend, spoke, spread, start,
stick, stood, stop, suffer, suppose, take, taken, teach, tear, tell, thank, think, threw, throw, told, took, try,
understand, vary, wait, walk, want, was, wash, watch, wear, went, were, will, wont, wonder, would, write, pay,
close, please, control, count, cover, cross, crowd, cry, drink, drive, drop, felt, fire, firm, fit, form, guide, help, hit,
increase, lift, love, must, offer, open, ought, paint, play, produce, promise, report, rest, return, rise, sail, smile,
smoke, snow, stand, stay, study, thought, touch, turn, use, wish, work

FUNCTION WORDS: a, about, above, according to, across, after, again, against, ago, all, along, although,
among, an, and, another, any, around, as, at, back, because, before, behind, below, beside, between, beyond,
both, but, by, down, during, each, either, else, enough, even,. Ever, every, few, from, further, he, her, here, him,
his, how, however, I, if, in, indeed, instead, into, it, its, just, last, late, least, less, many, e, mine, more, most,
much, my, near, neither, never, no, none, nor, not, nothing, now, oh, or, other, our, quite, rather, same, several,
she, since, so, some, still, such, sudden, than, that, the, their, them, then, there, therefore, these, they, this,
those, though, through, till, together, too, toward, until, us, usual, very, we, what, when, where, whether, which,
while, who, whole, whom, whose, why, with, within, without, you, your, far, well, yes, yet, hello, except, for, of,
off, on, out, outside, over, to, under, up, upon, own,

PRONOUNS: I, you, he she, it, we, you, they; me, you, him her, it, us, you, them; mine, yours, his hers, Its,
ours, yours, theirs; myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves;
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES: my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their
 25B. COMMON EXPRESSIONS IN ENGLISH [a]

English Espaol

Good morning Buen da, buenos das

Good afternoon Buenas tardes
Good evening Buenas noches (saludar)
Good night Buenas noches (al despedirse)
Good bye Chau
So long! Hasta luego!
Hi (Hello)! Hola!
How are you? Cmo ests?
How are you doing? Cmo te va?
I am well (fine), thank you Estoy bien, gracias
Where are you from? De dnde es Ud?
What do you do? Qu hace Ud? A qu se dedica?
Do you speak Spanish? Habla Ud espaol?
What's your name? Cul es su nombre? Cmo se llama Ud?
It doesn't matter No importa
Never mind No importa
Congratulations! Felicitaciones!
May I introduce myself? Puedo presentarme?
Thank you. -You are welcome Gracias. -De nada
Excuse me, please Disculpe, por favor
I am sorry Lo siento
Really? En serio?
Of course! Por supuesto!
Sure Seguro
That's too bad Qu lstima!
What happened? Qu pas?
What does that mean? Qu significa eso?
You are right Ud. tiene razn
You are wrong Ud. est equivocado
I guess so Creo que s
I don't think so Creo que no
I want a one-way (round-trip) ticket to Dallas Quiero un boleto de ida (de ida y vuelta) a Dallas
I would like to reserve a flight for Chicago Quisiera reservar un vuelo a Chicago
When should I confim the flight ? Cundo debera confirmar el vuelo?
Is it a direct flight? Es un vuelo directo?
Is there a stopover? Hay una escala?
When does the plane leave (arrive)? Cundo sale (llega) el avin?
Do I have to change planes? Tengo que cambiar aviones?
How long before the flight must I check in? Cunto tiempo antes del vuelo debo registrarme?
To the airport, please Al aeropuerto, por favor.
Which gate must I go to? A qu puerta debo ir?
What's my flight number? Cul es el nmero de mi vuelo?
Is the plane delayed (on time)? Est demorado (en tiempo) el avin?
Look at the timetable Mire el horario de vuelos
Do you have your boarding pass? Tiene Ud. su pase de abordar?
Where is my seat (baggage)? Dnde est mi asiento (equipaje)?
Fasten your belts please! Abrchense los cinturones, por favor!
The plane is landing (taking off) El avin est aterrizando (despegando)
I have nothing to declare No tengo nada que declarar
 25B. COMMON EXPRESSIONS IN ENGLISH [b]
Is it necessary to make a reservation?
Do you have any rooms available?
What's the daily (weekly) rate?
Is there air conditioning (heating) in the room?
I would like a single (double) room
I'd like a room with twin beds
Is breakfast included in the price?
Where can I park my car?
Could I see the room?
OK, I'll take it
My room key please
This room is too small (noisy/dark)
Could you wake me up at 7 a.m.?
Where can I leave my valuables?
What time do I have to check out?
Can I pay with traveler's checks (credit c.)?
Could she bring some towels up to my room?
Is there a laundry (dry-cleaning) service?
Id like to make a reservation for this evening
I would like a table near the window
Could you call the waiter (waitress) please?
Could you bring me the menu, please?
Where are the rest rooms?
I would like to order now
What do you recommend?
May I have a bottle of wine (beer, soda)?
Excuse me, I have no spoon (knife,fork)
These napkins are dirty
May you bring more rolls (toasts) please?
I'll have a steak with French fries
Would you like anything to drink?
What kind of desserts do you have?
Waiter, the check please
Can we pay separately?
Thank you. Keep the change
How much is the round-trip (one-way) ticket?
What's the fare to Chicago?
What time does the bus (train) leave (arrive)?
From what platform does the (bus) leave?
How long does it take from here to Chicago?
Is this the bus to New York?
Will I have to change buses (trains)?
Could you show me the schedule please?
Is the bus (train) delayed (on schedule)?
Can I buy a map here?
I missed the bus (train)
Excuse me, but you are sitting in my seat
Where are you heading for?
Must we change buses at this terminal?
How long does the bus (train) stop here?
Es necesario hacer una reserva?
Tiene Ud. habitaciones disponibles?
Cul es la tarifa diaria (semanal)?
Hay aire acondicionado (calefeccin) en la habitacin?
Quisiera un cuarto sencillo (cama doble)
Quisiera un cuarto con camas gemelas
El desayuno est includo en el precio?
Donde puedo estacionar mi auto?
Podra ver la habitacin?
OK. La tomar
La llave de mi cuarto, por favor
La habitacin es demasiado pequea (ruidosa, oscura)
Podra despertarme a las 7 de la maana?
Dnde puedo dejar mis objetos de valor?
A qu hora tengo que irme del hotel?
Puedo pagar con cheques de viajero (tarjeta de crdito)
Podra ella traer algunas toallas a mi cuarto?
Hay un servicio de lavandera (tintorera)?
Quisiera hacer una reserva para esta noche
Quisiera una mesa cerca de la ventana
Podra llamar al camarero (camarera) por favor?
Podra traerme el men, por favor?
Donde estn los baos?
Quisiera ordenar ahora
Qu recomienda Ud?
Podra traerme una botella de vino (cerveza, gaseosa)?
Disculpe. No tengo cuchara (cuchillo, tenedor)
Las servilletas estn sucias
Podra traerme ms panecillos (tostadas) por favor?
Comer un bife con papas fritas
Desea Ud. algo para tomar?
Qu clase de postres tienen?
Camarero, la cuenta por favor
Podemos pagar separadamente?
Gracias. Gurdese el cambio
Cunto cuesta un boleto de ida y vuelta (de ida)?
Cunto cuesta el boleto a Chicago?
A qu hora sale (llega) el autobs (tren)?
De qu plataforma sale el (bus) ?
Cunto tiempo toma desde aqu hasta Chicago?
s este el autobs a New York?
Tendr que cambiar autobuses (trenes)?
Podra mostrarme el itinerario, por favor?
Est el autobs (tren) retrasado (en tiempo)?
Puedo comprar un mapa aqu?
Perd el autobs (tren)
Disculpe, pero Ud. est sentado en mi asiento
Hacia dnde se est dirigiendo Ud.?
Debemos cambiar de bus en esta terminal?
Cunto tiempo se detiene el bus (tren) aqu?
 25B. COMMON EXPRESSIONS IN ENGLISH [c]
What's the next stop?
How many more stops before we arrive?
I can't find my baggage! It is missing
Do I have to get off here?
Is there a bus stop around here?
Where can I get a taxi (cab)?
Is there a subway entrance nearby?
How often do the buses run?
I think every 10 minutes
I need to take the subway (a bus, a taxi-cab)
How much is the bus fare?
Can you give me a transfer please?
How many passengers can you take in this cab?
I want to go to...
Please take me to...
I need to get to the airport as quick as possible
Could you drive faster please?
Do you mind if I open the window?
I get off here
What is the next stop?
How much is it?
Thanks. Keep the change
Where is the nearest shopping center
(supermarket)?
How do I get there?
What time does the market open (close)?
Where is the men's (ladies') clothing
department?
(Furniture/ baggage/ footware/ cosmetics/
lingerie) department
Take the elevator to the third floor
I want to buy a gift for my girlfriend
How much is this article?
Ask the saleswoman (salesman)
How much is it?
How much does it cost?
How much do you charge for this?
This is too expensive. Don't you have something
cheaper?
Could you show me a bigger (smaller/nicer)
one?
May I try this dress on?
Where are the trying rooms?
This doesn't fit me. I want a bigger one
Are these articles on sale ?
I don't care for any of these
Please, can you wrap it up?
Can I pay by credit card?
Is there a post office nearby?
Cul es la prxima parada?
Cuntas paradas ms antes de que lleguemos?
No puedo encontrar mi equipaje! Est faltando
Tengo que bajarme aqu?
Hay una parada de autobs por aqu?
Dnde puedo conseguir un taxi?
Hay alguna entrada al subterrneo por aqu cerca?
Con qu frecuencia pasan los autobuses?
Creo que cada 10 minutos
Necesito tomar el subterrneo (un autobs, un taxi)
Cunto est el precio del boleto del bus?
Podra darme un pase para transbordar, por favor?
Cuntos pasajeros puede llevar en este taxi?
Quiero ir a...
Por favor, llveme a...
Necesito llegar al aeropuerto lo antes posible
Podra conducir ms rpido por favor?
Le importa si abro la ventanilla?
Me bajo aqu
Cul es la prxima parada?
Cunto es?
Gracias. Guarde el cambio
Dnde queda el shopping center (supermercado) ms
cercano?
Cmo llego hasta all?
A qu hora abre (cierra) el mercado?
Dnde queda el departamento de ropa de hombres (de
mujeres)?
Departamento de (muebles, equipaje, calzados,
cosmticos, lencera)
Tome la el ascensor al tercer piso
Quiero comprar un regalo para mi novia
Cunto cuesta este artculo?
Pregntele a la vendedora (vendedor)
Cunto es?
Cunto cuesta?
Cunto cobran por esto?
Esto es demasiado caro. No tiene algo ms barato?
Podra mostrarme uno ms grande (ms pequeo/ ms
lindo)?
Podra probarme este vestido?
Dnde estn los probadores?
Este no me queda. Quiero uno ms grande
Estos artculos estn en oferta?
No me gusta ninguno de estos
Por favor. Puede envolverlo?
Puedo pagar con tarjeta de crdito?
Hay una oficina postal cerca de aqu?
 25B. COMMON EXPRESSIONS IN ENGLISH [d]
What time does it open?
I need some stamps for this letter
Is there any mail for me?
I want to send it via air-mail please
Could you weigh this package for me please?
How long does it take to get to Argentina?
Where is the mailbox?
I don't know the Zip-Code of this city
I want to register these letters
Can I send a money order from here?
Can you help me fill out this form please?
Where can I buy envelopes?
How can I send this the quickest?
Operator, I wish to make a long distance call.
Operator, I wish to make a collect call.
I'd like to speak to Mr. Simpson please.
Could you speak louder please?
Could you speak more slowly please?
Could you spell that for me please?
Could you call back later please?
Could I leave a message?
I need a phone directory
I need to know the area-code for Miami
Where can I find a pay phone?
Hold on! Don't hang up!
Who is calling?
Wrong number
The line is busy
You must dial this number...
I would like to make an appointment to see
the doctor
I am not feeling well
I am feeling very sick (ill)
What are the symptoms?
I've got a terrible (earache, stomach ache,
headache, toothache)
I've got a terrible (flu, cold, cough)
I've got a broken (fractured ) arm (leg)
My whole body hurts
I have a pain in my back (chest)
I have been feeling dizzy and sweating a lot
I will check your blood pressure
I have chills (nausea, diarrhea, fever, allergy)
I have a burn (a cut, an insect bite)
Is it serious?
Must I follow a diet?
Must I stay in bed?
Will you give me a prescription?
A qu hora abre?
Necesito algunas estampillas para esta carta
Hay alguna correspondencia para m?
Quiero enviarla por correo areo, por favor
Podra Ud. pesarme este paquete por favor?
Cunto tiempo tarda en llegar a Argentina?
Dnde est el buzn?
No s el cdigo postal de esta ciudad
Quiero certificar estas cartas
Puedo enviar un giro postal desde aqu?
Puede Ud ayudarme a rellenar este formulario por favor?
Dnde puedo comprar sobres para cartas?
Cmo puedo enviar esto, lo ms rpido posible?
Operadora. Deseo hacer una llamada de larga distancia
Operadora. Deseo hacer una llamada por cobrar
Quisiera hablar con el seor Simpson por favor
Podra Ud. hablar ms fuerte por favor?
Podra Ud. hablar ms lento por favor?
Podra deletrearme eso por favor?
Podra Ud. llamar de nuevo ms tarde por favor?
Podra dejar un mensaje?
Necesito una gua de telfonos
Necesito saber el cdigo de rea de Miami
Dnde puedo encontrar un telfono pblico?
Aguarde! No corte!
Quin est llamando?
Nmero equivocado
La lnea est ocupada
Ud. debe marcar este nmero...
Quisiera un turno para ver al doctor
No me estoy sintiendo bien
Me estoy sintiendo muy enfermo
Cules son los sntomas?
Tengo un terrible dolor (de odo, de estmago, de cabeza,
de muelas)
Tengo una terrible (gripe, resfriado, tos)
Tengo un brazo (pierna) rota (fracturada)
Me duele todo mi cuerpo
Tengo un dolor en mi espalda (pecho)
Me he estado sintiendo mareado y sudando mucho
Revisar su presin sangunea
Tengo escalofros (nuseas, diarrea, fiebre, alergia)
Tengo una quemadura (un corte, una picadura de insecto)
Es grave?
Debo seguir una dieta?
Debo quedarme en cama?
Me dar una receta para la farmacia?
 25B. COMMON EXPRESSIONS IN ENGLISH [e]
What medicine should I take?
May I help you?
I would like something for a sunburn (a sore
throat, a cold, a fever, an indigestion, a
constipation, a headache)
Could I have some sleeping pills?
May I have a bottle of vitamin C?
I would like some aspirins and a laxative
Do you want a large or small bottle (package,
box, tube)?
I want a tube of shaving cream (toothpaste)
please
I would like a box of cough drops
I'd like a box of condoms
Here you are. That'll be $12.50
Where is the nearest bank?
Where can I find an ATM?
Can I cash these traveler's checks here?
Can I cash personal checks here?
I would like to open up a current account
Could you give me some change?
I need some coins (small bills)
I want to withdraw (deposit) some money
How much is the rate of exchange?
Do I have to endorse (sign) this check?
I need to make a bank draft
I would like to send money to Argentina
Which window should I go to?
Do you have some painkillers?
Do I need a prescription for this medicine?
I need a bandage, alcohol and iodine please
I would like to apply for a loan
What are the interest rates?
Where can I get an entertainment guide of
this city?
Where is the ticket-office?
Are there any seats left?
I want two tickets please
Do we have to wait in line to buy the tickets?
Where are our seats?
Must we tip the usher?
Which orchestra (band) is playing?
What's on at the movies tonight?
What time does the (show) (start)?
How long does it last?
What kind of film is it?
It is a horror (science fiction, war) film
It is a thriller (western, cartoon, comedy,
musical)
What is it about?
The plot (script) is very good
Who is the main actor (actress)?
Qu remedio debo tomar?
Puedo ayudarlo?
Quisiera algo para una quemadura (un dolor de garganta,
un resfriado, fiebre, una indigestin, una gripa, un dolor de
cabeza)
Me podra dar pastillas para dormir?
Me podra dar una botella de vitamina C?
Quisiera algunas aspirinas y un laxante
Quiere Ud. un frasco (paquete, caja, pomo) grande o
chico?
Quiero un tubo de crema de afeitar (dentfrico) por favor
Quisiera una cajita de pastillas para la tos
Quisiera una cajita de condones
Aqu tiene Ud. Son $12.50
Dnde queda el banco ms cercano?
Dnde puedo encontrar un cajero electrnico?
Puedo cobrar aqu estos cheques de viajero?
Puedo cobrar aqu cheques personales?
Quisiera abrir una cuenta corriente
Me podra dar algo de cambio?
Necesito algunas monedas (billetes chicos)
Quiero retirar (depositar) algo de dinero
Cul es el tipo de cambio?
Tengo que endosar (firmar) este cheque?
Necesito hacer un giro bancario
Quisiera enviar dinero a Argentina
A qu ventanilla debera ir?
Tiene algunos calmantes?
Necesito una receta mdica para este remedio?
Necesito un vendaje, alcohol y yodo, por favor
Quisiera solicitar un prstamo
Cules son las tasas de inters?
Dnde puedo obtener una gua de entretenimientos de
esta ciudad?
Dnde est la oficina de boletera?
Quedan asientos?
Quiero dos boletos, por favor
Tenemos que hacer cola para comprar los boletos?
Dnde estn nuestros asientos?
Debemos dar propina al acomodador?
Qu orquesta (banda) est tocando?
Qu hay en el cine esta noche?
A qu hora (comienza) (el espectculo)?
Cunto tiempo dura?
Qu clase de pelcula es?
Es una pelcula de terror (de ciencia ficcin, de guerra)
Es una pelcula de accin (una del oeste, una de dibujos
animados, una comedia, un musical)
De qu se trata?
La trama (el guin) es muy bueno
Quin es el actor (actriz) principal?
 25C. GENERAL ENGLISH PRACTICE[a]
Is this an [umbrella]?
Is that a [long ruler]?
Are these [green windows]?
Are those [cheap apples]?
Is it an [ugly dog]?
Is it a [main door]?
Are they the [old notebooks]?
Is there a [paper on the desk]?
Are there [two red pens on the floor]?
Was there a [new pencil in the drawer?
Were there [three machines there]?
Will there be a [teacher at home]?
Could there be a [doctor at the office]?
Are you [drinking] your [coffee]?
Is he [painting] his [house]?
Am I [doing] my [homework]?
Was he [writing] a [letter]?
Were you [reading] a [book]?
Do you [see] your [tests]?
Does she [watch] her [kids]?
Did they [eat] their [bananas]?
Will he [jump] our [desk]?
Are you going to [travel next month]?
Was he going to [draw a map]?
Were you going to [see a movie]?
Would she [fly] to their [cities]?
Can you [do] it yourself?
Could they [do] it themselves?
May I [try] it myself?
Might he [make] it himself?
Shall I [type] them?
Should he [visit a doctor] now?
Must she [prepare] them herself?
Have you [sung the hymn]?
Has she [done the homeworks]?
Had they [played tennis] here?
Will they have [learned the words]?
Have you been [working]?
Has he been [walking] there?
Had she been [selling newspapers]?
Will they have been [studying] hard?
1 Esta es una sombrilla
2 Esa es una regla larga
3 Estas son ventanas verdes
4 Aquellas son manzanas baratas
5 Es un perro feo
6 Es una puerta principal
7 Son los cuadernos viejos
8 Hay un documento sobre el escritorio
9 Hay dos lapiceros rojos en el piso
10 Haba un lpiz nuevo en la gaveta
11 Haba tres mquina ac
12 Habr un profesor en casa
13 Podra haber un doctor en la oficina
14 Te ests tomando tu caf?
15 El est pintando su casa?
16 Estoy haciendo mi tarea?
17 El estaba escribiendo una carta?
18 Usted estaba leyendo un libro?
19 Ves tus exmenes?
20 Ella vigila a sus hijos?
21 Ellos se comieron sus bananas?
22 El saltar nuestro escritorio?
23 Vas a viajar el prximo mes?
24 El iba a dibujar un mapa?
25 Usted iba a ver una pelcula?
26 Ella volara a sus ciudades?
27 Puedes hacerlo tu mismo?
28 Ellos mismos pudieron hacerlo?
29 Puedo intentarlo por m mismo?
30 El mismo podra hacerlo?
31 Yo los escribir?
32 El debera visitar a un doctor ahora?
33 Ella misma debe prepararlos?
34 Has cantando el himno?
35 Ella ha hecho las tareas?
36 Ellos haba jugado tenis aqu?
37 Ellos habrn aprendido las palabras?
38 Usted ha estado trabajando?
39 El ha estado caminando all?
40 Ella haba estado vendiendo peridicos?
41 Ellos habrn estado estudiando duro
 25C. GENERAL ENGLISH PRACTICE [b]
Are those [pink desks] his?
Is that [fancy bag] yours?
Is this [mouse] hers?
Are the [bad tests] ours?
Are the [good scores] theirs?
Is the [clean water] its?
Is Johns watch [beside the notebook]?
Is Petes clock [next to the sofa]?
Are Marys cats [under the tree]?
How many [dollars] do you [have]?
I [have] a [million dollars].
How much [sugar] do you [need]?
I [need] a [kilo of sugar]
Is there any [coffee in the kitchen]?
Yes, there is a [pound of coffee].
What time is it?
Its [six] oclock.
How old [are you]?
[Im] 14 years old
Where were you born?
I was born in [Cucuta].
Whats your addres?
Its [4-55 7th street, Caobos]
What do you [do at home]?
I [play chess at home]
Where did you [learn French]?
I [learned French in France].
When will you [go to USA]?
I will [go to USA next year]
Why have you worn [old shoes]?
Because theyre [smooth]
Who [performs the act]?
[Fanny performs the act]
Which [singer do you prefer]?
I [prefer Shakira]
Whose [jacket] do you like best?
I like [Henrys Jacket]
How long ago did you [visit Athens]
I [visited] it [four years ago]
You like to [read], dont you?
Yes, I like to [read]
You dont like to [write], do you?
No, I dont like to [write]
Aquellos escritorios rosados son de l.
Ese bolso de fantasa es tuyo.
Este ratn es de ella.
Los exmenes malos son nuestros.
Los puntajes buenos son de ellos.
El agua limpia es de este.
El reloj de John est al lado del cuaderno
El reloj de Pedro est al lado del sof
Los gatos de Mara estn bajo el rbol
Cuntos dlares tienes?
Tengo un milln de dlares
Cunta azcar necesitas?
Necesito un kilo de azcar
Hay caf en la cocina?
S, hay una libra de caf
Qu hora es?
Son las seis en punto.
Cuantos aos tienes?
Tengo catorce aos
Donde naciste?
Nac en Ccuta
Cul es tu direccin?
Es calle 7, N 4-55, Los Caobos
Qu haces en casa?
Juego ajedrez en casa
Dnde aprendiste Francs?
Aprend Francs en Francia
Cundo irs a EE UU
Ir a EE UU el prximo ao
Por qu has usado zapatos viejos?
Porque son suaves
Quin hace el acto?
Fanny hace el acto.
Cul cantante prefieres?
Prefiero a Shakira
Cul chaqueta te gusta ms?
Me gusta la chaqueta de Henry
Cunto hace que visitaste Atenas?
La visit hace cuatro aos
Te gusta leer, no es verdad?
S, me gusta leer
No te gusta escribir, cierto?
No, no me gusta escribir.
 25D TIME EXPRESSIONS
Afternoon January Saturday
April July Second
August June September
Century March Summer
Day May Sunday
Decade Midnight Sunrise
December Millennium Sunset
early morning Minute Thursday
Era Monday Tuesday
Eternity Month Wednesday
Evening Morning Week
fall / autumn Night Winter
February Noon Year
Friday November At dawn
Hour October At dusk
At night next Friday three weeks ago
At noon next week today
Every week next year tomorrow
In a week\'s time the day after tomorrow afternoon
In the afternoon the day after tomorrow tomorrow evening
In the early morning the day before tomorrow morning
In the evening the day before yesterday tonight
in the morning this evening two days ago
last Friday this Friday two days earlier
last month this month two days later
last night this week yesterday
last week this year yesterday evening
last year yesterday morning

25E-1. SHORT ADJECTIVES

small - pequeo smaller - ms pequeo (the) smallest el ms pequeo
tall - alto taller - ms alto (the) tallest- el ms alto
young - joven younger - ms joven (the) youngest el ms joven
long - largo longer - ms largo (the) longest el ms largo
big - grande bigger - ms grande (the) biggest- el ms grande
fat - gordo fatter - ms gordo (the) fattest- el ms gordo
lazy - perezoso, vago lazier - ms vago the laziest- el ms vago
funny - gracioso, divertido funnier - ms divertido the funniest- el ms divertido
happy - feliz, alegre happier - ms feliz the happiest- el ms feliz
crazy - loco crazier - ms loco the craziest- el ms loco
noisy - ruidoso noisier - ms ruidoso the noisiest- el ms ruidoso

25E-2. LONG ADJECTIVES

expensive - caro
modern - moderno
beautiful - hermoso
elegant - elegante
interesting - interesante
dangerous - peligroso
more expensive the most expensive- el ms caro
more modern the most modern
more beautiful the most beautiful
more elegant the most elegant
more interesting the most interesting
more dangerous the most dangerous
 25E-3. ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

ADJECTIVE VERB ADJECTIVE VERB

Alive - vivo To live- vivir Empty - vaco To empty - vaciar
Asleep - dormido To sleep - dormir Hard - duro To harden - endurecer
Beauty- hermoso To beautify - embellecer Soft - blando To soften - ablandar
Sweet - dulce To sweeten - endulzar Sick - enfermo To Sicken - enfermar
Black - negro To blacken - ennegrecer Low - bajo To lower - bajar
White - blanco To whiten - blanquear Hot - caliente To heat - calentar
Dark - oscuro To darken - oscurecer Long - largo To lengthen - alargar
Dead - muerto To die - morir Short - corto To shorten - acortar
Deep - profundo To deepen - profundizar Rich - rico To enrich - enriquecer
Difficult - difcil To complicate - dificultar Poor - pobre To impoverish empobrecer
Dirty - sucio To dirty - ensuciar Simple - simple To simplify - simplificar
Clean - limpio To clean - limpiar Straight - derecho To straighten - enderezar
Fat - gordo To fatten - engordar b - fuerte To strenghen - dbil
Full - lleno To fill - llenar Wide - ancho To widen - ensanchar

25E-4. ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

ADJECTIVE ADVERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB

Careful - ciudadoso Carefully - cuidadoso Clear - claro Clearly - claramente
Slow - lento Slowly - lentamente Possible - posible Possibly - posiblemente
Strong - fuerte Strongly - fuertemente Probable - probable Probably - probablemente
Simple - simple Simply - simplemente Deep - profundo Deeply - profundamente
Bad - mal Badly - malamente Quick - rpido Quickly - rpidamente
Frecuent - frecuente Frecuently - frecuentemente Normal - normal Normally - normalmente

Good - bueno Well - bien Fast - rpido Fast - rpidamente

Hard - duro Hard - duramente

25E-5. ADJECTIVES AND NOUNS

ADJECTIVES NOUNS ADJECTIVES NOUNS

Long - largo Length longitud Difficult - difcil Difficulty - dificultad

Short - corto
Big - grande Size tamao Sad - triste Sadness tristeza
/ Small - pequeo
Heavy - pesado / Weight peso Beautiful - hermoso Beauty belleza
Light - liviano
Deep - profundo / Depth - profundidad Strong - fuerte Strength fuerza
Shallow - poco profundo
Wide - ancho / Width anchura Weak - dbil Weakness - debilidad
Narrow - angosto
Fast - rpido / Speed velocidad Dirty - sucio Dirt suciedad
Slow - lento
Tall - alto / Height altura Clean - limpio Cleanliness - limpieza
Short - bajo
White - blanco / Color color Safe - seguro Safety - seguridad
Black - negro
Far - lejano / Distance - distancia Dangerous - peligroso Danger peligro
Near - cercano
Bitter - amargo / Taste sabor True - verdadero Truth verdad
Sweet - dulce
Careful - cuidadoso / Care cuidado
Careless - descuidado