Data Exam Review

Huck Kim
June 2017

Contents
1 Permutations and Combinations 1
1.0.1 Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2 Probability 2
2.1 Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.1.1 Set Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.1.2 Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.1.3 Which Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1 Permutations and Combinations

1.0.1 Formulas
 
n! n n!
P (n, r) = = OR
(n r)! r (n r)!r!
n  
n
X n nk k
Binomial Theorem (x + y) = x y
k
k=0
n1 n2


nk

x1 x2 ... xk
    
n1 n2 nk
Indistinguishable Distinguishable ...
k! x1 x2 xk
    
n1 n2 nk
Uneven Groups ... p Where p = possible spots for uneven group
x1 x2 xk

n!
Permutation over shape k = # of sides If circle thenk = n
k
 
n1
At least one = n = # of objects, r = # of people
r1

Choosing some (a + 1)(b + 1)...(x + 1) 1

b
Y
Unique Events ( 2) 1 Where b number of events
x=0

1
2 Probability
2.1 Formulas
2.1.1 Set Theory

s(A)
P (A) = , Where A is a set and U is the universal set
s(U )

Union of Events P (A B) = P (A) + P (B) P (A B)

P (A B)
Conditional P (A|B) =
P (B)

Mutual Exlusive P (A|B) = 0 and P (B|A) or P (A B) = 0

Equation for two independent events P (A|B) = P (A) and P (B|A) = P (B

Equation of P (A B) if independent events P (A B) = P (A) P (B)

Probability for A0 , or P (A0 ) P (A0 ) = 1 P (A)

x
Odds for x : y P (x) =
x+y

2.1.2 Distribution
Where
P (X) probability distribution
E(X) expected value
p probability of success
q probability of failure
n number of Bernoulli trials
x number of successes

1 X
Uniform P (X) = E(X) = x P (X)
n x=0
 
n x nx
Binomial P (X) = p q E(X) = n p
x
q
Geometric P (X) = q x1 p E(X) =
p
a b



x y a
Hyper-geometric P (X) = a+b

E(X) = (x + y)( )
x+y
a+b

2.1.3 Which Distribution