Uploded Engineering Mathematics I

1
MODEL UNIVERSITY PAPER SOLUTION
(Errorless)
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS-I
B. E. First Year (All Branches)
BY
Prof. Prakash D. Wasankar

M. Sc. (Mathematics) B. Ed.
Price: 220 Rs.
Prof. P. D. Wasankar University Paper Solution of Engineering Mathematics-I

2
Model University Paper Solution
(Errorless)
Engineering Mathematics-I
B. E. First Year (All Branches)

Publisher
All rights reserved. This book or any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used in any manner whatsoever
without the express written permission of the publisher except for the use of brief quotations in a book review.
ISBN: 978-93-5267-584-5
Published by
Mrs. Jyoti P. Wasankar
Sai Nagar Shegaon
Dist. Buldhana 444203
Mob 9422925819
E-mail jyotiwasankar@gmail.com

3
Contents
Sr.No. Name of Chapter Page No.
1 Successive Differentiation 4
2 Partial Differentiation 81
3 Jacobians 124
4 Differential Equation 180
5 Complex Number 253

4
SUCCESSIVE DIFFERENTIATION
If = =

!

1. then prove that
=

Solution:-
. . . .

= +
= 1 +
"

#$% . . . .
" = 1 2 +
' "
#$% . . . .
' = 1 2 3 +
) ' = 1' 3 2 1 +
) '
' = 1' 3! +
' ' +,, ) = 1) 4! +
) )
1 %!
= 1 %! +
=
+
2. If = log + find
. Solution:- = log +
. . . .
= " = 1 +
= 1 +
" "
1
#$% . . . .
' = 1 2 +
' ' = 1" 2 1 +
' ' = 1" 2! +
' '
1
% 1!
= 1
% 1! +
=
+
If = + 2 find
= + 2
3.
Solution:-
. . . .
= + + 2

" = + + 1 + 2
" "
' = + + 1 + 2 + 2
' '
= + + 1 + 2 + % + 1 + 2

4. If = sin + find
5
Solution:- = sin +
. . . .

8
= cos + = sin 7 + + 9
2
8 8
" = " cos 7 + + 9 = " sin 7 + + 2 9
2 2
8 8
' = ' cos 7 + + 2 9 = ' sin 7 + + 3 9
2 2
8
= sin 7 + + % 9
2
5. If = cos + find
Solution:- = cos +
. . . .

8
= sin + = cos 7 + + 9
2
8 8
" = " sin 7 + + 9 = " cos 7 + + 2 9
2 2
8 8
' = ' sin 7 + + 2 9 = ' cos 7 + + 3 9
2 2
8
= : 7 + + % 9
2
6. If = sin + : then = " + " ; sin + : + %<

< = tan

/
= sin + :

. . . .
Solution:-
= cos + : + sin + : 1
cos < =

sin < ; ;
tan < = =
ABC D
= EFA D
" + "
< = tan
/
Multiply and divided equation first by " + "

6

= G" + " H cos + : + sin + :I
" + " " + "

= G" + " H cos + : + sin + :I
" + " " + "
= G" + " Jsin < cos + : + cos < sin + :K
= G" + " sin + : + <
$% . . . .
" = G" + " J cos + : + < + sin + : + <K

"
" = 7G" + " 9 H cos + : + < + sin + : + <I
" + " " + "
"
" = 7G" + " 9 Jsin < cos + : + < + cos < sin + : + <K
"
" = 7G" + " 9 sin + : + 2<
'
+,, ' = 7G" + " 9 sin + : + 3<

% $%, = 7G" + " 9 sin + : + %<
= " + " /" sin + : + %< < = tan

/
7. If = cos + : then = " + " /" cos + : + %< , < = tan
/
= cos + :
. . . .
Solution:-
= sin + : + cos + : 1
cos < =

sin < ; ;
tan < = =
ABC D
= EFA D
" + "
< = tan
/
Multiply and divided equation first by " + "

= G" + " H sin + : + cos + :I
" + " " + "

7

= G" + " H sin + : + cos + :I
" + " " + "
= G" + " Jsin < sin + : + cos < cos + :K
= G" + " Jcos < cos + : sin < sin + :K
= G" + " cos + : + <
$% . . . .
" = G" + " J sin + : + < + cos + : + <K

"
" = 7G" + " 9 H sin + : + < + cos + : + <I
" + " " + "
"
" = 7G" + " 9 J sin < sin + : + < + cos < cos + : + <K
"
" = 7G" + " 9 Jcos < cos + : sin < sin + :K
"
" = 7G" + " 9 cos + : + 2<
'
+,, ' = 7G" + " 9 cos + : + 3<

% $%, = 7G" + " 9 cos + : + %<
= " + " /" cos + : + %< < = tan

/
Standard nth order derivatives
7 9 =
1
!
1
1)
Jlog + K =
1
M
!
1
2)
J + 2 K = + + 1 + 2 + % + 1 + 2

1
1
3)
Jsin + K = sin 7 + + % 9
1 N
1 "
4)
Jcos + K = cos 7 + + % 9
1 N
1 "
5)
J sin + :K = " + " /" sin + : + %< , < = tan
/
1
1
6)
J cos + :K = " + " /" cos + : + %< , < = tan
/
1
1
7)
8. If = ; ; prove that = where = " + " and = tan

/

! EFA O
P
Solution:-

8
= = " = 1

; ; ;
Q ; ;

=
+
# R
= +
+ +
# + + R
=
+ +
= # + + R
1
ST = % = 2# , #=
2
1
ST = % = 2R , R=
2
1 1
2
= + 2
+ +
1 1 1
= H + I
2 +
Diff. both sides n times . . . by using result 1 79 =

1
!
1 1 %! 1 %!
= U + V
2 +
1 %! 1 1
= H + I
2 +

ST = cos W , = sin W , sin W = , cos W = , tan W = , W = tan
/

1 %! 1 1
= H + I
2 cos W sin W cos W + sin W
1 %! 1 1
= H + I
SS, cos W + sin W = cos %W + sin %W
1 %! 1 1
= H + I
2 cos % + 1W sin % + 1W cos % + 1W + sin % + 1W
1 %! cos % + 1W + sin % + 1W + cos % + 1W sin % + 1W

= U V
2 : " % + 1W + %" % + 1W
1 %!
= 2 cos % + 1W
2
= where = " + " and = tan

/

! EFA O
P
If = ; ; find

9.

9
Solution:-
= ; ; = ;
Q; ; " = 1

1
=
+
1 # R
= +
+ +
1 # + + R
=
+ +
1 = # + + R
1
ST = % 1 = 2# , #=
2
1
ST = % 1 = 2R , R=
2
1 1
1 2 2
= +
+ +
1 1 1
= H I
2 +

1
!
1 1 %! 1 %!
= U V
2 +
1 %! 1 1
= H I
2 +

/

+ = , = G +
" " " " "
1 %!
1 1
= H I
1 %! 1 1
= H I
1 %! 1 1
= H I
1 %! cos % + 1W + sin % + 1W cos % + 1W + sin % + 1W

= U V
2 : " % + 1W + %" % + 1W
1 %! 1 %!
= 2 sin % + 1W = sin % + 1W
2

10
1 %!
= sin % + 1 tan
/
X " + " Y
If = ; ; find

10. S2014
Solution:-
= ; ; = ;
Q; ; " = 1

=
+
# R
= +
+ +
# + + R
=
+ +
= # + + R
1
ST = % = 2# , #=
2
1
ST = % = 2R , R=
2
1 1
2 2
= +
+ +
1 1 1
= H I
2 +

1
!
1
1 1
%! 1 %!
= U V
2 +
1 %! 1 1
= H I
2 +

/

+ = , = G +
" " " " "
1 %!
1 1
= H I
1 %! 1 1
= H I
1 %! 1 1
= H I

11
1 %! cos % + 1W + sin % + 1W cos % + 1W + sin % + 1W

= U V
2 : " % + 1W + %" % + 1W
1 %! 1 %!
= 2 sin % + 1W = sin % + 1W
2
1 %!
= sin % + 1 tan
/
X " + " Y
11. If = tan
7 9 find

= tan
7 9

Solution:-
. . . .
1 1
= =
" " + "
1+
"
= ; ; = ;
Q; ; " = 1

=
+
# R
= +
+ +
# + + R
=
+ +
= # + + R
1
ST = % = 2# , #=
2
1
ST = % = 2R , R=
2
1 1
2
= 2 +
+ +
1 1 1
= H I
2 +
Diff. both sides % 1 times . . . by using result 1 79 =

1
!
1 1
% 1! 1 % 1!
= U V
2
+

1
% 1! 1 1
= H I
2 +

12

/

+ = , = G " + "
" " "
1 % 1!

1 1
= H I
1
% 1! 1 1
= H I
1
% 1! 1 1
= H I
2 cos %W sin %W cos %W + sin %W
1
% 1! cos %W + sin %W cos %W + sin %W
= H I
2 : " %W + %" %W
1
% 1! 1
% 1!
= 2 sin %W = sin %W
2
1
% 1!
= sin % tan
/
X " + " Y
12. If = tan
7 9 find
"

;
W2012
= tan
7
; 9
"
Solution:-
ST = tan W W = tan

2 tan W
= tan
[ \ = tan
tan 2W = 2W
1 %" W
= 2 tan

. . . .
= ; = ;
Q; " = 1
" "
2
=
+
2 # R
= +
+ +
2 # + + R
=
+ +
2 = # + + R
1
ST = % 2 = 2# , #=

1
ST = % 2 = 2R , R=

13
1 1
2
= +
+ +
1 1 1
= H I
+

1
!
1 1
% 1! 1 % 1!
= U V

+

1
% 1! 1 1
= H I
+
1 1
ST = cos W , 1 = sin W , sin W = , cos W = , tan W = , W = tan
1/

+ 1 = , = G + 1
" " "
1 % 1!

1 1
= H I
cos W sin W cos W + sin W
1
% 1! 1 1
= H I
1
% 1! 1 1
= H I
cos %W sin %W cos %W + sin %W
1
= H I
: " %W + %" %W
1
% 1! 1
% 1!
= 2 sin %W = 2 sin %W

2 1
% 1!
= sin % tan
1/
X " + 1Y
13. If = tan
7
9 find

W2009
= tan
7
9

Solution:-
ST = tan W W = tan

1 + tan W tan 8/4 + tan W 8 8

= tan
[ \ = tan
[ \ = tan
]tan 7 + W9^ = + W
1 tan W 1 tan 8/4 tan W 4 4
8
= + tan

4
. . . .
= ; = ;
Q; " = 1


14
1
=
+
1 # R
= +
+ +
1 # + + R
=
+ +
1 = # + + R
1
ST = % 1 = 2# , #=
2
1
ST = % = 2R , R=
2
1 1
1 2 2
= +
+ +
1 1 1
= H I
2 +

1
!
1 1
% 1! 1 % 1!
= U V
2
+

1
% 1! 1 1
= H I
2 +
1 1
1/

+ 1 = , = G + 1
" " "
1 % 1!

1 1
= H I
1
% 1! 1 1
= H I
1
% 1! 1 1
= H I
2 cos %W sin %W cos %W + sin %W
1
= H I
2 : " %W + %" %W
1
% 1! 1
% 1!
= 2 sin %W = sin %W
2
1
% 1!
= sin % tan
1/
X " + 1Y

15
If = " "' find

;
14.
= " "'
;
Solution:-
" # R
= +
+ 2 2 + 3 + 2 2 + 3
" # 2 + 3 + R + 2
=
+ 2 2 + 3 + 2 2 + 3
" = # 2 + 3 + R + 2
ST = 2 % 4 = # # = 4
3 9 1 9
ST = % = R R =
2 4 2 2
9
" 4
= + 2
+ 2 2 + 3 + 2 2 + 3
9
4
= + 2
+ 2 2 + 3

1
!
4 1 %! 9 1 %! 2
= +
+ 2 2 2 + 3
9 4
= 1 %! H I
2 2 + 3 + 2
If = );
` find

15.
= );
` = J ";
'; K = "
' "'

Solution:-
# R a
= + +
+ 1 2 3 2 + 3 + 1 2 + 3 2 3
# 2 + 3 2 3 + R + 1 2 3 + a + 1 2 + 3
=
+ 1 2 3 2 + 3 + 1 2 3 2 + 3
= # 2 + 3 2 3 + R + 1 2 3 + a + 1 2 + 3
1
ST = 1 % 1 = 5# # =
5
3 3 1 1
ST = % = [ \ 6R R =
2 2 2 2
3 3 5 3
ST = % = [ \ 6a a =
2 2 2 5
16
1/5 1/2 3/5

= + +
+ 1 2 3 2 + 3 + 1 2 + 3 2 3
1/5 1/2 3/5

= + +
+ 1 2 + 3 2 3

1
!
1
1 %! 1 %! 2 3 1 %! 2
= +
5 + 1 2 2 + 3 5 2 3
1 2
3 2
= 1 %! U + V
5 + 1 2 + 3 5 2 3
16. If = '
d
); find

W2010
= '
d
); = '
dJ; = '
d
" "

"; K
Solution:-
# R a
= + +
3 5 1 2 1 + 2 3 5 1 2 1 + 2
# 1 2 1 + 2 + R 3 5 1 + 2 + a 3 5 1 2
=
3 5 1 2 1 + 2 3 5 1 2 1 + 2
= # 1 2 1 + 2 + R 3 5 1 + 2 + a 3 5 1 2
5 5 10 10 5 91 15
ST = % = # [1 \ [1 + \ = # # =
3 3 3 3 3 9 91
1 1 7 1
ST = % = [ \ 2R R =
2 2 2 14
1 1 13 1
ST = % = [ \ 2a a =
2 2 2 26
15/91 1/14 1/26
= + +
3 5 1 2 1 + 2 3 5 1 2 1 + 2
15/91 1/14 1/26

= + +
3 5 1 2 1 + 2

1
!
15 1 %! 3 1 %! 2 1 %! 2
= + +
91 3 5 14 2 1 26 2 + 1
15 3 2 2
= 1 %! H + + I
91 3 5 14 2 1 26 2 + 1
17. If =

"
' find

S2008
=

"
'

Solution:-
17
# R a
= + +
1 2 3 1 2 3
# 2 3 + R 1 3 + a 1 2
=
1 2 3 1 2 3
= # 2 3 + R 1 3 + a 1 2
1
ST = 1 % 1 = 2# # =
2
ST = 2 % 2 = R R = 2
3
ST = 3 % 3 = 2 a a =
2
1/2 2 3/2
= + +
1 2 3 1 2 3
1 3
2 2
= + + 2
1 2 3

1
!
1
1 %! 2 1 %! 3 1 %!
= +
2 1 2 2 3
1 2 3
= 1 %! H + I
2 1 2 2 3
18. If = ;
)' find

W2011
= ;
)' =

'

Solution:-
1 # R
= +
1 3 1 3
1 # 3 + R 1
=
1 3 1 3
1 = # 3 + R 1
1
ST = 1 % 1 = 2# # =
2
1
ST = 3 % 1 = 2R R =
2
1 1
1 2
= + 2
1 3 1 3

18
1 1

= 2 + 2
1 3

1
!
1 %! 1 %!
= +
2 1 2 3
1 %! 1 1
= H I
2 3 1
If = EFA D cos sin < find

= EFA D cos sin <
19.
Diff. both sides n times . . . by using result

Solution:-
J cos K = " + " ; cos + %W , W = tan

79
1

1
sin <
= cos < , = sin < , W = tan
[ \ = tan
tan < = <
cos <

= %" < + : " <" EFA D cos sin < + %<
= EFA D cos sin < + %<
cos
20. If = + sin find
cos
= + sin = cos + sin

S2009 ,W2012

Solution:-
J cos K = " + " ; cos + %W , W = tan

79
1

1

% J sin K = " + " /" sin + %W , W = tan
/

Here = 1 , = 1, W = tan
/ = tan
1 = )
N
8 8
= 1" + 1" " cos 7 + % 9 + 1" + 1" /" sin 7 + % 9
4 4
8 8
= 2" cos 7 + % 9 + 2 sin 7 + % 9
/"
4 4
8 8
= 2" ]cos 7 + % 9 + sin 7 + % 9^

4 4
21. If = : ' 2 find
= : ' 2 = : " 2 cos 2 = 7 9 cos 2
EFA )
"
1 1
Solution:-
= cos 2 + cos 4 cos 2

2 2
1 1
= cos 2 + 2 cos 4 cos 2
2 4
Apply cos # + R + cos # R = 2 cos # cos R
1 1
= cos 2 + cos 6 + cos 2
2 4
1
= 2 cos 2 + cos 6 + cos 2
4
1
= 3 cos 2 + cos 6
4
Diff. both sides n times . . . by using result 1 Jcos K = cos 7 + % " 9
1 N

19
1 8 8
= ]3 2 cos 72 + % 9 + 6 cos 76 + % 9 ^
4 2 2
22. If = : ) find
= : ) = : " cos" = 7 97 " 9
EFA " EFA "
"
1
Solution:-
= 1 + 2 cos 2 + : " 2

4
1 1 + cos 4
= [1 + 2 cos 2 + \
4 2
1
= 2 + 4 cos 2 + 1 + cos 4
8
1
= 3 + 4 cos 2 + cos 4
8
Diff. both sides n times . . . by using result Jcos K = cos 7 + % 9
1 N
1 "
1 8 8
= ]4 2 cos 72 + % 9 + 4 cos 74 + % 9^
8 2 2
4 8 8
= ] 2 cos 72 + % 9 + 4
cos 74 + % 9^
8 2 2
1 8 8
= ] 2 cos 72 + % 9 + 4
cos 74 + % 9^
2 2 2
23. If = cos cos 2 cos 3 find
= cos cos 2 cos 3
W2007, W2013
1
Solution:-
= cos 2cos 2 cos 3

2
Apply cos # + R + cos # R = 2 cos # cos R
1
= cos cos 5 + cos
2
1 1
= cos x cos 5 + : "
2 2
1 1 1 + cos 2
= 2 cos x cos 5 + [ \
4 2 2
1 1
= cos 6 + cos 4 + 1 + cos 2
4 4
1
= 1 + cos 2 + cos 6 + cos 4
4
Diff. both sides n times . . . by using result 1 Jcos K = cos 7 + % " 9
1 N
1 8 8 8
= ]0 + 2 cos 72 + % 9 + 4 cos 74 + % 9 + 6 cos 76 + % 9^
4 2 2 2
1 8 8 8
= ]2 cos 72 + % 9 + 4 cos 74 + % 9 + 6 cos 76 + % 9^
4 2 2 2
24. If = sin 2 cos 3 find
= sin 2 cos 3 = " 2 sin 2 cos 3

Solution:-
#SS, sin # + R + sin # R = 2 sin # cos R
1 1
= Jsin 5 + sin K = sin 5 sin
2 2

20
Diff. both sides n times . . . by using result Jsin K = sin 7 + % 9

1 N
1 "
1 8 8
= ]5 sin 75 + % 9 sin 7 + % 9^
2 2 2
25. If = sin 2 sin 3 find S2013
= sin 2 sin 3 = 2 sin 2 sin 3

"
Solution:-
#SS, cos # R cos # + R = 2 sin # sin R
1 1
= Jcos cos 5K = cos cos 5
2 2
Diff. both sides n times . . . by using result Jcos K = cos 7 + % 9

1 N
1 "
1 8 8
= ]1 cos 7 + % 9 5 cos 75 + % 9^
2 2 2
1 8 8
= ]cos 7 + % 9 5 cos 75 + % 9^
2 2 2
26. If = : " %' find
Solution:- = : " %'
We know that
1 + cos 2 = 2: " : " = , sin 3 = 3 sin 4%' %' =

EFA " ' ABC
ABC '
" )
=7 97 9 =
EFA " ' ABC
ABC ' ' ABC
ABC '' ABC EFA "
ABC ' EFA "
" ) i
1
= 3 sin sin 3 + 3 sin cos 2 sin 3 cos 2
8
1 3 1
= j3 sin sin 3 + sin 3 + sin sin 5 + sin k
8 2 2
1 3 3 1 1
= [3 sin sin 3 + sin 3 sin sin 5 sin \
8 2 2 2 2
1 1 1
= [sin + sin 3 sin 5\
8 2 2
Diff. both sides n times . . . by using result 1 Jsin K = sin 7 + % " 9
1 N
1 8 1 8 1 8
= Hsin 7 + % 9 + 3 sin 73 + % 9 5 sin 75 + % 9I
8 2 2 2 2 2
27. If = " sin " cos " sin 3 find

= " sin " cos " sin 3 = " " 72 sin " cos "9 sin 3

Solution:-

21
1 1 1
= " sin sin 3 = " 2 sin sin 3
2 2 2
1
= " 2 sin sin 3
4
#SS, cos # R cos # + R = 2 sin # sin R
1
= " cos 2 cos 4
4
1
= " cos 2 " cos 4
4

J cos K = " + " ; cos + %W , W = tan
7 9
1

1
Put = = 2 , W = tan
7 9 = tan
1 = % = 2 , = 4, W = tan
7 9 = tan
2
" N )
" ) "
1 8
= ] 8/" " cos 72 + % 9 20/" " cos 4 + % tan
2^
4 4
" 8
= ] 8/" cos 72 + % 9 20/" cos 4 + % tan
2^
4 4
28. If = sin 4 cos 6 find
= sin 4 cos 6 = 2 sin 4 cos 6

lm
"
Solution:-
#SS, sin # + R + sin # R = 2 sin # cos R

= Jsin 10 + sin 2K = sin 10 sin 2
2 2
1
= sin 10 sin 2
2

J sin K = " + " /" sin + %W , W = tan
/
1
1
Put = 1 , = 10 , W = tan
7 9 = tan
10 % = 1 , = 2, W = tan
79 = tan
2
n "
1
= o 1" + 10" /" sin 10 + % tan
10 1" + 2" /" sin 2 + % tan
2p
2

= o 101/" sin 10 + % tan
10 5/" sin 2 + % tan
2p
2
29. If = tan
[ \ find
;

= tan
[ \
;

Solution:-

22
Put = tan W W = tan

1 + %" W 1 sec W 1
= tan
j k = tan
[ \
tan W tan W
1
1 1 cos W
= tan
r cos W s = tan
[ \
sin W sin W
cos W
2%" W/2 W
= tan
j k = tan
tan W/2 =
2 sin W/2 cos W/2 2
1
= tan

2
. . . .
= " 7; 9 = ;
Q; " = 1
/"
1/2
=
+
1/2 # R
= +
+ +
1/2 # + + R
=
+ +
1
= # + + R
2
1 1
ST = % = 2# , #=
2 4
1 1
ST = % = 2R , R=
2 4
1 1
1/2 4
= 4 +
+ +
1 1 1
= H I
4 +

1
!
1 1
% 1! 1 % 1!
= U V
4
+

1
% 1! 1 1
= H I
4 +
1 1
1/

+ 1 = , = G + 1
" " "

23
1
% 1! 1 1
= H I
1
% 1! 1 1
= H I
1
% 1! 1 1
= H I
1
= H I
4 : " %W + %" %W
1
% 1! 1
% 1!
= 2 sin %W = sin %W
4 2
1
% 1! 1
% 1!
= sin % tan
1/ 0 = sin % tan
1/
2 X " + 1Y

1
2 7sin W 9
1
= 1
% 1! % W sin % tan
1/
2
30. If = cos
7M 9 find

M
= cos
7 M 9 = cos
7/9 = cos
7 ; 9

M
/ ;

Solution:-
Put = tan W W = tan

%" W
% W 1 " 1
"

: W
= cos
j k = cos t u = cos
%" W : " W
%" W + 1 : " W
= cos
J : " W %" WK = cos
J cos 2WK = cos
Jcos 2WK
= 2W = 2 tan

. . . .
= ; = ;
Q; " = 1

"
"
2
=
+
2 # R
= +
+ +
2 # + + R
=
+ +
2 = # + + R

24
1
ST = % 2 = 2# , #=

1
ST = % 2 = 2R , R=

1 1
2
= +
+ +
1 1 1
= H + I
+

1
!
1
1 1
% 1! 1 %

1!
= U + V

+

1
% 1! 1 1
= H + I
+
1 1
1/

" " G
+ 1 = , = + 1 "
1
% 1! 1 1
= H + I
1
% 1! 1 1
= H + I
1
% 1! 1 1
= H + I
1
% 1! cos %W sin %W + cos %W sin %W
= H I
: " %W + %" %W
1
% 1! 1
% 1!
= 2 sin %W = 2 sin %W

2 1
% 1! 2 1
% 1!
= sin % tan
1/ = sin % tan
1/
X " + 1Y

1
7sin W 9
= 2 1
% 1! % W sin % tan
1/
31. If = log " + " find

Solution:- = log " + "
. . . .
2
=
" + "
= ; ; = ;
Q; ; " = 1
" "

25
2
=
+
2 # R
= +
+ +
2 # + + R
=
+ +
2 = # + + R
ST = % 2 = 2# , #=1
ST = % 2 = 2R , R=1
2 1 1
= +
+ +
1 1
= H + I
+

1
!
1
% 1! 1 % 1!
= U + V

+

1 1
= 1
% 1! H + I
+

/

+ = , = G +
" " " " "
1 1
= 1
% 1! H + I
1
% 1! 1 1
= H + I
1
% 1! 1 1
= H + I
1
% 1! cos %W + sin %W + cos %W sin %W
= H I
: " %W + %" %W
1
% 1! 2 1
% 1!
= 2 cos %W = cos %W

2 1
% 1! 2 1
% 1!
= cos % tan
/ = cos % tan
/
X " + " Y

7sin W 9
2 1
% 1!
= % W cos % tan
/

32. If = log " + 3 + 2 find

26
Solution:- = log " + 3 + 2
. . . .
2 + 3 2 + 3
= =
+ 3 + 2 + 2 + 1
"
2 + 3 # R
= +
+ 2 + 1 + 2 + 1
2 + 3 # + 1 + R + 2
=
+ 2 + 1 + 2 + 1
2 + 3 = # + 1 + R + 2
ST = 2 % 1 = # , #=1
ST = 1 % 1 = R , R=1
2 + 3 1 1
= +
+ 2 + 1 + 2 + 1
1 1
= +
+2 +1
1
!
1
% 1! 1
% 1!
= U + V
+ 2
+ 1

1 1
= 1 % 1! H + I
+ 2 + 1
33. If = log 7 9 prove that = 1 % 2! ]
^

= log 79 = Jlog 1 log + 1K

= log 1 log + 1
Solution:-
. . . .
1 1
= + log 1 log + 1
1 +1

= log 1 log + 1 +
1 +1
" + " +
= log 1 log + 1 +
1 + 1
2
= log 1 log + 1 +
1 + 1
2 # R
= +
1 + 1 1 + 1
2 # + 1 + R 1
=
1 + 1 1 + 1
2 = # + 1 + R 1 # = 1 , R=1

27
2 1 1
= +
1 + 1 1 + 1
1 1
= log 1 log + 1 + +
1 +1
Diff. both sides % 1 times . . . by using result Jlog + K =

1
M
!
1
and 7 9 =
1
!
1
1
" % 2! 1
" % 2! 1
% 1! 1
% 1!
= + +
1
+ 1
1 + 1
1
" % 2! 1
" % 2! 1
% 1 % 2! 1
% 1 % 2!
= + +
1 1
+ 1 + 1
1 + 1
1
" % 2! 1
" % 2! 1
" % 1 % 2! 1
" % 1 % 2!
=
1 1
+ 1 + 1
1 + 1
1 +1 %1 %1
= 1
" % 2! H I
1 + 1 1 + 1
1%+1 +1+%1
= 1
" % 2! H I
1 + 1
% +%
= 1
" % 2! H I
1 + 1
34. If =
dv; find

= = =
"
'
" =
"
'

dv ;
"
'v ;
1 # R
Solution:-
= +
1 2 1 3 1 2 1 3
1 # 1 3 + R 1 2
=
1 2 1 3 1 2 1 3
1 = # 1 3 + R 1 2
1 1
ST = % 1 = # , # = 2
2 2
1 1
ST = % 1 = R , R=3
3 3
1 2 3
= +
1 2 1 3 1 2 1 3
2 3
= +
1 2 1 3
2 3
=
2 1 3 1
1
!
2 1 %! 2 3 1 %! 3
= U V
2 1 3 1
28
2 3
= 1 %! U V
2 1 3 1
35. If = find
w
;
= = = = +
w w
X ;
Y X ;
Y
;
;
;
;
;

Solution:-

=+
" 1
# R
= = +
" 1 1 + 1 1 + 1
= # + 1 + R 1
1
ST = 1 % 1 = 2# , #=
2
1
ST = 1 % 1 = 2R , R=
2
1 1 1
=+ H + I
2 1 +1

1
!
1
1 1 %! 1 %!
= 0 + U + V = 0
2 1 + 1
1 1 %! 1 %!
= U + V
2 1 + 1
36. If = sin S + cos S show that = S J1 + 1 sin 2SK/" Hence find i 8 when S =

)
S2010 , W2010
Solution:- = sin S + cos S
Diff. both sides n times . . . by using result 1 Jsin K = sin 7 + % " 9
1 N
And 1 Jcos K = cos 7 + % " 9

1 N
8 8
= S sin 7S + % 9 + S cos 7S + % 9
2 2
8 8
= S ]sin 7S + % 9 + cos 7S + % 9^
2 2

8 8 " "
= S H7sin 7S + % 9 + cos 7S + % 99 I

2 2

29
8 8 8 8 "

= S ]% 7S + % 9 + : " 7S + % 9 + 2 sin 7S + % 9 cos 7S + % 9^
"
2 2 2 2
8 /"
= S ]1 + sin 2 7S + % 9^
2
= S J1 + sin 2S + %8K/"
= S J1 + sin 2S cos %8 + cos 2S sin %8K/"
= S J1 + 1 sin 2SK/" cos %8 = 1 , sin %8 = 0
To find i 8 ST = 8 % % = 8
1 /"
i 8 = 1/4i H1 + 1i sin 2 8I
4
i 8 = 1/4i J1 + 1i sin 8/2K/"
1 1
i 8 = 1/2v 2/" = =
2'/"
2v
"
Leibnitz Theorem
Theorem:- If u and v are derivability up to nth order then
Ty = %{ T y + % T
y + %; T
" y" + +% Ty
Tn = T
Proof:- We prove the theorem by mathematical induction
| %: Ty = %{ T y + % T
y + %; T
" y" + +% Ty
~ Sy | % T % = 1
| 1: Ty = 1{ T y + 1 Tn y = T y + Ty
Product rule of derivative is satisfied therefore | % T % = 1
Assuming that | % T % =
| : Ty = { T y + T
y + ; T
" y" + + Ty
To prove that | % T % = + 1
| + 1: Ty = + 1{ T y + + 1 T y + + 1; T
y" + + + 1 Ty
. . . = Ty = Ty Ty
. . . = X{ T y + T
y + ; T
" y" + + Ty Y T y + Ty
. . . = T yX{ T y + T
y + ; T
" y" + + Ty Y

30
+Ty X{ T y + T
y + ; T
" y" + + Ty Y
. . . = { T y + T y + ; T
y" + + T y + { T y + T
y" + ; T
" y' +
+ Ty
. . . = { T y + X{ + YT y + X + ; YT

y" + + Ty
#SS, % + % = % + 1 , %{ = % + 1{ = 1 , % = % + 1 = 1
. . . = + 1{ T y + + 1 T y + + 1; T
y" + + + 1 Ty
. . . = . .
| % T % = + 1 . Therefore | % T ,, %
By mathematical induction theorem is proved for all positive integral values of n
37. If = cos log + sin log , show that " " + 2% + 1 + %" + 1 = 0
S2009 , S2010
Solution:- = cos log + sin log
. . . .
sin log cos log

= +

= sin log + cos log
$$% . . . .
cos log sin log

" + =

" + = cos log + sin log
" + =
" " + + = 0
% % + . . . % +
" " + + = 0
%{ " " + % 2 + %; 2 + %{ + % 1 + = 0
%!
" " + 2% + 2 + + % + = 0
2! % 2!
% % 1 % 2!
" " + 2% + 2 + + % + = 0
2 1 % 2!
" " + 2% + %" % + + % + = 0

31
" " + 2% + %" % + + % + = 0
" " + 2% + 1 + %" + 1 = 0

2
38. If = X + 1 + " Y , show that 1 + " " + +" = 0 and
1 + " " + 2% + 1 + %" +" = 0
2
Solution:- = X + 1 + " Y
. . . .
2

= + 7 + G " + 19 7 + G " + 19

2
1 "
= + 7 + G " + 19 7 + G " + 19 H1 + + 1I
2 " + 1
+ 1
= H1 + 2 0I
+ " + 1 2 " + 1
+
= [1 + \
+ " +1 " +1
+ " + 1 + +
= j k=
+ " + 1 " + 1 " + 1
G " + 1 = + 1
#$% . . . .
2
7G " + 19 " + [ \ = +
2 " + 1

7G " + 19 " + = +
" + 1
"
X " + 1Y " +
= +
" + 1
" + 1" + = +G " + 1
" + 1" + = + + %. 1
" + 1" + +" = 0
% % + . . . % +
J " + 1" K + +" = 0
%{ " + 1" + % 2 + %; 2 + %{ + % 1 +" = 0
%!
" + 1" + 2% + 2 + + % +" = 0
2! % 2!
32
% % 1 % 2!
" + 1" + 2% + 2 + + % +" = 0
2 1 % 2!
" + 1" + 2% + %" % + + % +" = 0
" + 1" + 2% + %" % + + % +" = 0
" + 1" + 2% + 1 + %" +" = 0

"
39. If = ologX + 1 + " Yp , show that
1 + " " + 2% + 1 + %" 1 = 0 2008
"
Solution:- = ologX + 1 + " Yp
. . . .
1
= 2 log 7 + G1 + " 9 7 + G " + 19
+ 1 + "
2 logX + 1 + " Y 1 "

= H1 + + 1I
+ 1 + " 2 " + 1
2G 1
= H1 + 2 + 0I
+ " + 1 2 " + 1
2G
= [1 + \
+ " + 1 " + 1
2G " + 1 + 2G

= j k=
+ " +1 " +1 " + 1
G " + 1 = 2G 1
#$% . . . .
2 1
7G " + 19 " + [ \=2
2 " + 1 2G

7G " + 19 " + =
" + 1 G
"
X " + 1Y " +
=
" + 1 G
" + 1 2G
" + 1" + = = %. 1
G G
" + 1" + = 2
% % + . . . % +

33
J " + 1" K + = 0
%{ " + 1" + % 2 + %; 2 + %{ + % 1 = 0
%!
" + 1" + 2% + 2 + + % = 0
2! % 2!
% % 1 % 2!
" + 1" + 2% + 2 + + % = 0
2 1 % 2!
" + 1" + 2% + %" % + + % = 0
" + 1" + 2% + %" % + + % = 0
" + 1" + 2% + 1 + %" = 0
40. If = C , show that 1 + " " + 2 1 = 0 and

M
1 + " " + J2 % + 1 1K + % % + 1 = 0
= C
M
Solution:-
. . . .

= C tan

M

1
= [ \
1 + "
1 + " = 1
#$% . . . .
1 + " " + 0 + 2 =
1 + " " + 2 =
1 + " " + 2 = 0
1 + " " + 2 1 = 0
% % + . . . % +
J " + 1" K + X 2 1 Y = 0

%{ " + 1" + % 2 + %; 2 + %{ 2 1 + % 2 = 0
%!
" + 1" + 2% + 2 + 2 1 + 2% = 0
2! % 2!
% % 1 % 2!
" + 1" + 2% + 2 + 2 1 + 2% = 0
2 1 % 2!
" + 1" + 2% + %" % + 2 1 + 2% = 0

34
" + 1" + 2% + %" % + 2 + 2% = 0
" + 1" + 2% + %" + 2 + % = 0
1 + " " + J2 % + 1 1K + % % + 1 = 0
41. If = ABC , show that 1 " " " = 0 and

M
1 " " 2% + 1 %" + " = 0
= ABC
M
Solution:-
. . . .

= ABC sin

M

1
= [ \
1 "
7G1 " 9 = 1
#$% . . . .
2
7G1 " 9 " + [ \ =
21 "

7G1 " 9 " [ \ =
1 "
"
7G1 " 9 " = G1 "
1 " " = %. 1
1 " " = "
1 " " " = 0
% % + . . . % +
J 1 " " K " = 0
%{ 1 " " + % 2 + %; 2 %{ % 1 " = 0
%!
1 " " 2% 2 % " = 0
2! % 2!
% % 1 % 2!
1 " " 2% 2 % " = 0
2 1 % 2!
1 " " 2% %" % % " = 0
1 " " 2% %" + % % " = 0

35
1 " " 2% + 1 %" + " = 0
42. If = cos + sin

, show that
1 " " 2% + 1 + +" %" = 0
Solution:- = cos + sin

. . . .

= Jcos + sin
K

= sin + sin
+ sin

+
= sin + sin

1 "
7G1 " 9 = + sin + sin

#$% . . . .
2 +
7G1 " 9 " + [ \ = + cos + sin

21 " 1 "
+"
7G1 " 9 " [ \ =
1 " 1 "
"
X1 " Y " +"
=
1 " 1 "
1 " " = +"
1 " " + +" = 0
% % + . . . % +
J 1 " " K + +" = 0
%{ 1 " " + % 2 + %; 2 %{ % 1 + +" = 0
%!
1 " " 2% 2 % + +" = 0
2! % 2!
% % 1 % 2!
1 " " 2% 2 % + +" = 0
2 1 % 2!
1 " " 2% %" % % + +" = 0
1 " " 2% %" + % % + +" = 0
1 " " 2% + 1 + +" %" = 0
43. If = sin + sin

, show that
36
1 " " 2% + 1 %" +" = 0 S2014
Solution:- = sin + sin

. . . .

= J sin + sin
K

= cos + sin
+ sin

+
= cos + sin

1 "
7G1 " 9 = + cos + sin

#$% . . . .
2 +
7G1 " 9 " + [ \ = + sin + sin

21 " 1 "
+"
7G1 " 9 " [ \ =
1 " 1 "
"
X1 " Y " +"
=
1 " 1 "
1 " " = +"
1 " " + +" = 0
% % + . . . % +
J 1 " " K + +" = 0
%{ 1 " " + % 2 + %; 2 %{ % 1 + +" = 0
%!
1 " " 2% 2 % + +" = 0
2! % 2!
% % 1 % 2!
1 " " 2% 2 % + +" = 0
2 1 % 2!
1 " " 2% %" % % + +" = 0
1 " " 2% %" + % % + +" = 0
1 " " 2% + 1 %" +" = 0
44. If = tan log , show that

1 + " + 2% 1 + % % 1
= 0 S2009
= tan log log = tan

= C
M
Solution:-
37
. . . .

= C tan

M

1
= [ \
1 + "
1 + " = 0
% % + . . . % +
J " + 1 K = 0
%{ " + 1 + % 2 + %;
2 = 0
%!
" + 1 + 2% + 2 = 0
2! % 2!
% % 1 % 2!
" + 1 + 2% + 2 = 0
2 1 % 2!
" + 1 + 2% + % % 1

= 0
1 + " + 2% 1 + % % 1

= 0
45. If = sin
" , show that 1 " " = 2 and
1 " " 2% + 1 %" = 0
Solution:- = sin
"
. . . .

= sin
"

= 2 sin
sin

2 sin

=
1 "
7G1 " 9 = 2 sin

#$% . . . .
2 2
7G1 " 9 " + [ \ =
21 " 1 "
2
7G1 " 9 " [ \ =
1 " 1 "
"
X1 " Y " 2
=
1 " 1 "

38
1 " " = 2
% % + . . . % +
J 1 " " K = 0
%{ 1 " " + % 2 + %; 2 %{ % 1 = 0
%!
1 " " 2% 2 % = 0
2! % 2!
% % 1 % 2!
1 " " 2% 2 % = 0
2 1 % 2!
1 " " 2% %" % % = 0
1 " " 2% %" + % % = 0
1 " " 2% + 1 %" = 0
46. If /2 +
/2 = 2 , Prove that
" 1" + 2% + 1 + %" +" = 0 S2007, W2011
Solution:- /2 +
/2 = 2
1
/2 + = 2 , ST /2 = T
/2
1
T+ = 2 T" + 1 = 2T
T
T" 2T + 1 = 0
2 4 " 4 2 2 " 1
T= =
2 2
T = G " 1 /2 = G " 1

2
= 7 G " 19
2 2
= 7 + G " 19 = 7 G " 19
2
:% = 7 + G " 19
. . . .

2

= + 7 + G " 19 7 + G " 19

2
1 "
= + 7 + G " 19 7 + G " 19 H1 + 1I
2 " 1

39
+ 1
= H1 + 2 0I
+ " 1 2 " 1
+
= [1 + \
+ " 1 " 1
+ " 1 + +
= j k=
+ " 1 " 1 " 1
G " 1 = + 1
#$% . . . .
2
7G " 19 " + [ \ = +
2 " 1

7G " 19 " + = +
" 1
"
X " 1Y " +
= +
" 1
" 1" + = +G " 1
" 1" + = + + %. 1
" 1" + +" = 0
% % + . . . % +
J " 1" K + +" = 0
%{ " 1" + % 2 + %; 2 + %{ + % 1 +" = 0
%!
" 1" + 2% + 2 + + % +" = 0
2! % 2!
% % 1 % 2!
" 1" + 2% + 2 + + % +" = 0
2 1 % 2!
" 1" + 2% + %" % + + % +" = 0
" 1" + 2% + %" % + + % +" = 0
" 1" + 2% + 1 + %" +" = 0
47. If = " 1 , Prove that " 1" + 2 % % + 1 = 0
Solution:- = " 1
. . . .
= % " 1
2 = 2% " 1

40
"
2% " 1
= 2% 1 "
1

=
" 1
" 1 = 2%
#$% . . . .
" 1" + 2 = 2% +
" 1" + 2 = 2% + 2%
" 1" 2 % 1 2% = 0
% % + . . . % +
J " 1" K 2 % 1 2% = 0
%{ " 1" + % 2 + %; 2 2 % 1%{ 2 % 1% 1 2% = 0
%!
" 1" + 2% + 2 2 % 1 2% % 1 2% = 0
2! % 2!
% % 1 % 2!
" 1" + 2% + 2 2 % 1 2% % 1 2% = 0
2 1 % 2!
" 1" + 2% + %" % 2 % 1 2% % 1 2% = 0
" 1" + 2% + %" % 2% + 2 2%" + 2% 2% = 0
" 1" + 2 %" % = 0
" 1" + 2 % % + 1 = 0
48. If = , % 1 < < 1% " < sin

<
ABCM N N

; "
1 " 2% + 1 %" = 0
show that
W2008
= 1 " = sin

ABCM

;
Solution:-
. . . .
2 1
G1 " + =
21 " 1 "
1
G1 " =
1 " 1 "
"
X1 " Y 1
=
1 " 1 "
1 " = 1
% % + . . . % +

41
J 1 " K = 0
%{ 1 " + % 2 + %;
2 %{ %
1 = 0
%!
1 " 2% 2 %
= 0
2! % 2!
% % 1 % 2!
1 " 2% 2 %
= 0
2 1 % 2!
1 " 2% % % 1

%
= 0
1 " 2% %"

+ %
%
= 0
1 " 2% + 1 %"

= 0
49. If = tan , then prove that 0 %;

" 0 + %
) 0 . . = sin
N
"
= tan =
S2007, S2008
ABC
EFA
cos = sin
Solution:-
% % + . . . % +
J cos K = sin
%{ cos + %
sin + %;
" cos + %w
' sin + %
) cos
%8
= sin 7 + 9
2
ST = 0
%{ 0 cos 0 + %
0 sin 0 + %;
" 0 cos 0 + %w
' 0 sin 0 + %
) 0 cos 0
%8
= sin 70 + 9
2
%8
%{ 0 %;
" 0 + %
) 0 . sin
2
%8
0 %;
" 0 + %
) 0 . sin
2
50. If = sin W , = sin 2W , show that

1 " " 2% + 1 %" 4 = 0 W2009, S2012,W2013
= 1/1O =
1 1/1O " EFA "O
1 EFA O
Solution:- we know that
2: " 2W 21 %" 2W 2G1 "

= = =
: " W 1 %" W 1 "
G1 " = 2G1 " 1
. . . .

42
2 2 2
G1 " " + =
21 " 2G1 "
" 1 "
7G1 " 9 " = 2
G1 "
2 1 " 2
1 " " = 2 [ \ %. 1 =
G1 "
1 " " = 4
1 " " + 4 = 0
% % + . . . % +
J 1 " " K + 4 = 0
%{ 1 " " + % 2 + %; 2 %{ % 1 + 4 = 0
%!
1 " " 2% 2 % + 4 = 0
2! % 2!
% % 1 % 2!
1 " " 2% 2 % + 4 = 0
2 1 % 2!
1 " " 2% %" % % + 4 = 0
1 " " 2% %" + % % + 4 = 0
1 " " 2% + 1 %" 4 = 0
51. If = 1 log , , Prove that = %

+ % 1! Also show that
1
= %! log + 1 + " + ' + . +

= 1 log = 1 M ]1 log ^

1 1 M 1

1
Solution:-
= [ + %
log \

=
+ %
log

=

+ %

log

"
"
= % 1
" + %

= % 1 % 2 % 3 + %

= % 1! + %
= %
+ % 1!
= %
+ % 1!
y %!
%
% 1!
= +
%! %! %!

43
%
% 1!
= +
%! % % 1! % % 1!

1
= +
%! % 1! %
ST % = 2 , 3 , 4, . %
" 1 1
= + = +
2! 1! 2 2
' " 1
= +
3! 2! 3
) ' 1
= +
4! 3! 4
.

1
= +
%! % 1! %
" ' ) " '
1 1 1 1
+ + + . + = + + + . . + + + + + ..+
2! 3! 4! %! 2! 3! % 1! 2 3 4 %
1 1 1 1
= + + + + . . +
%! 2 3 4 %
To find = 1 log ST % = 1

1
1
= log = + log = 1 + log

1 1 1 1
= 1 + log + + + + . . +
%! 2 3 4 %
1 1 1
= %! log + 1 + + + . +
2 3 %

52. If cos
7 9 = log 79 , Prove that " " + 2% + 1 + 2%" = 0

W2007 , W2012

cos
7 9 = log 79 , = cosJ% log log %K

Solution:-
= cosJ% log log %K
. . . .

%
= sinJ% log log %K

= % sinJ% log log %K
. . . .

%
" + = % cosJ% log log %K

" " + = %"


44
" " + + %" = 0
% % + . . . % +
J " " K + + %" = 0
%{ " " + % 2 + %; 2 + %{ + % 1 + %" = 0
%!
" " + 2% + 2 + + % + %" = 0
2! % 2!
% % 1 % 2!
" " + 2% + 2 + + % + %" = 0
2 1 % 2!
" " + 2% + %" % + + % + %" = 0
" " + 2% + %" % + + % + %" = 0
" " + 2% + 1 + 2%" = 0
MACLAURINS THEOREM
The series = 0 + 0 + 0 + ' 0 + + 0 is

; w
"! " '! !
called as Maclaurins series
TAYLORS THEOREM
The series + = + + + '! + . is known as Taylors series

; w
"!
53. Show that sin = + +

w
'! d!
, = sin = 0 0 = sin 0 = 0

. . . .
Solution:-

= sin = cos = 0 0 = cos 0 0 = 1

. . . .
" = sin = 0 " 0 = sin 0 " 0 = 0
' = cos = 0 ' 0 = cos 0 ' 0 = 1
) = sin = 0 ) 0 = sin 0 ) 0 = 0
d = cos = 0 d 0 = cos 0 d 0 = 1
%$ :,% +
" '
= 0 + 0 + " 0 + ' 0 + + 0
2! 3! %!
" ' ) d
sin = 0 + 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 + 1 .
2! 3! 4! 5!

45
' d
sin = + +
3! 5!
54. Show that cos = 1 +

;
"! )! v!
, = cos = 0 0 = cos 0 = 1

. . . .
Solution:-

= cos = sin = 0 0 = sin 0 0 = 0

. . . .
" = cos = 0 " 0 = cos 0 " 0 = 1
' = sin = 0 ' 0 = sin 0 ' 0 = 0
) = cos = 0 ) 0 = cos 0 ) 0 = 1
d = sin = 0 d 0 = sin 0 d 0 = 0
v = cos = 0 v 0 = cos 0 v 0 = 1
%$ :,% +
" '
= 0 + 0 + " 0 + ' 0 + + 0
2! 3! %!
" ' ) d v
cos = 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 + 1 + 0 + 1 .
2! 3! 4! 5! 6!
" ) v
cos = 1 +
2! 4! 6!
55. Show that tan = + + +
w "
' d
, = tan = 0 0 = tan 0 = 0

. . . .
Solution:-

= tan = : " = 0 0 = : " 0 0 = 1

. . . .
" = 2: " tan = 0 " 0 = 2: " 0 tan 0 " 0 = 0
' = 2 : " + 3%" : " = 0 ' 0 = 2 : " 0 + 3%" 0: " 0 ' 0 = 2
' = 2 + 3%" = 2 1 + 3%"
) = 2" 1 + 3%" + 2 0 + 6 tan : " = 0 ) 0 = 0
) = 2" 1 + 3%" + 12 " tan
d = 2' 1 + 3%" + 12" tan : " + 24 " tan + 12 " : "
46
= 0 d 0 = 4 + 12 d 0 = 16
%$ :,% +
" '
= 0 + 0 + " 0 + ' 0 + + 0
2! 3! %!
" ' ) d
tan = 0 + 1 + 0 + 2 + 0 + 16 .
2! 3! 4! 5!
' d
tan = + 2 + 16 +
321 54321
' 2 d
tan = + + +
3 15
56. Show that = 1 + + + +
; w
"! '!
, = = 0 0 = n = 1
. . . .
Solution:-

= = = 0 0 = n 0 = 1

. . . .
" = = 0 " 0 = n " 0 = 1
' = = 0 ' 0 = n ' 0 = 0
%$ :,% +
" '
= 0 + 0 + " 0 + ' 0 + + 0
2! 3! %!
" '
= 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + .
2! 3!
" '
= 1 + + + +
2! 3!
57. Show that log 1 + = + +
; w
" ' )
, = log 1 + = 0 0 = log 1 + 0 = log 1 = 0

. . . .
Solution:-
1
= log 1 + = = 0 0 = 1
1+
. . . .
" = 1 +
" = 0 " 0 = 1 + 0
" " 0 = 1
' = 2 1 +
' = 0 ' 0 = 2 1 + 0
' ' 0 = 2

47
) = 6 1 +
) = 0 ) 0 = 6 1 + 0
) ) 0 = 6
%$ :,% +
" '
= 0 + 0 + " 0 + ' 0 + + 0
2! 3! %!
" ' )
log 1 + = 0 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 6 + .
2! 3! 4!
" ' )
log 1 + = 0 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 6 + .
21 321 4321
" ' )
log 1 + = + +
2 3 4
58. Show that sin + sin

= + ' + d +
2X2;
; Y 2X2;
; YX2;
'; Y 2X2;
; YX2;
'; YX2;
d; Y
'! d! !
.
Solution = sin + sin
1
. . . .

= J sin + sin
K

= cos + sin
+ sin

+
= cos + sin

1 "
7G1 " 9 = + cos + sin

2
#$% . . . .
2 +
7G1 " 9 " + [ \ = + sin + sin

21 " 1 "
+"
7G1 " 9 " [ \ =
1 " 1 "
"
X1 " Y " +"
=
1 " 1 "
1 " " = +"
1 " " + +" = 0 3
% % + . . . % +
J 1 " " K + +" = 0
%{ 1 " " + % 2 + %; 2 %{ % 1 + +" = 0

48
%!
1 " " 2% 2 % + +" = 0
2! % 2!
% % 1 % 2!
1 " " 2% 2 % + +" = 0
2 1 % 2!
1 " " 2% %" % % + +" = 0
1 " " 2% %" + % % + +" = 0
1 " " 2% + 1 %" +" = 0 4
= 0 % + %. 1 y 0 = sin + sin

0 y 0 = 0
= 0 % + %. 2 7G1 0" 9 0 = + cos + sin

0 0 = +
= 0 % + %. 3 1 0" " 0 0 0 + +" 0 = 0 " 0 = 0
= 0 % + %. 4 1 0" " 0 2% + 1 0 0 %" +" 0 = 0
" 0 = %" +" 0
ST = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
' 0 = 1" +" 0 = +" 1" + = + +" 1"
) 0 = 2" +" " 0 = 0
d 0 = 3" +" ' 0 = + +" 1" 3" +" = + +" 1" +" 3"
v 0 = 4" +" ) 0 = 0
0 = 5" +" d 0 = + +" 1" +" 3" +" 5"
%$ :,% +
" '
= 0 + 0 + " 0 + ' 0 + + 0
2! 3! %!
+ +" 1" ' + +" 1" +" 3" d + +" 1" +" 3" +" 5"
= + + +
3! 5! 7!
59. Prove that EFA = 1 + + + .

;
"!
Solution:- , = EFA = 0 0 = n EFA n = n = 1
. . . .
EFA
= = EFA cos = EFA sin + cos

= cos sin = 0 0 = 0 cos 0 0 sin 0 0 = 1
. . . .

49
" = sin cos sin + cos sin
" = 2 sin cos + cos sin
= 0 " 0 = 2 sin 0 0 cos 0 0 + cos 0 0 sin 0 0
" 0 = 1
%$ :,% +
" '
= 0 + 0 + 0 + ' 0 + + 0
2! " 3! %!
"
EFA = 1 + 1 + 1 + .
2!
"
EFA = 1 + + + .
2!
60. Obtain the series expansion of = sin
"
Solution:- = sin
" = 0 0 = sin
0" = 0
. . . .

= sin
"

2 sin
2 sin
0
= 2 sin
sin
= = 0 0 = 0 = 0
1 " 1 0"
#$% . . . .
2 2
7G1 " 9 " + [ \ =
21 " 1 "
2
7G1 " 9 " [ \ =
1 " 1 "
"
X1 " Y " 2
=
1 " 1 "
1 " " = 2 = 0 1 0" " 0 0 = 2 " 0 = 2
% % + . . . % +
J 1 " " K = 0
%{ 1 " " + % 2 + %; 2 %{ % 1 = 0
%!
1 " " 2% 2 % = 0
2! % 2!
% % 1 % 2!
1 " " 2% 2 % = 0
2 1 % 2!
50
1 " " 2% %" % % = 0
1 " " 2% %" + % % = 0
1 " " 2% + 1 %" = 0
ST % = 1 1 " ' 3" = 0 = 0 ' 0 = 0
ST % = 2 1 " ) 5' 4" = 0 = 0 ) 0 = 8
ST % = 3 1 " d 5) 9' = 0 = 0 d 0 = 0
ST % = 4 1 " v 5d 16) = 0 = 0 v 0 = 128
%$ :,% +
" '
= 0 + 0 + " 0 + ' 0 + + 0
2! 3! %!
" ) v
sin
" = 2 + 8 + 128 + .
2! 432 65432
) 8 v
sin
" = " + + + ..
3 45
61. Show that ABC = 1 + + + ' + .

M ; ; X ; Y
"! '!
= ABC = 0 0 = ABC = n = 1

M M n
Solution:-
. . . .

= ABC sin

M

1 1
= [ \ = 0 0 = 0 [ \ 0 =
1 " 1 "
#$% . . . .
2
7G1 " 9 " + [ \ =
21 "

7G1 " 9 " [ \ =
1 "
"
7G1 " 9 " = G1 "
1 " " = %. 1
1 " " = "
1 " " " = 0
= 0 1 0" " 0 0 " 0 = 0 " 0 = "

51
% % + . . . % +
J 1 " " K " = 0
%{ 1 " " + % 2 + %; 2 %{ % 1 " = 0
%!
1 " " 2% 2 % " = 0
2! % 2!
% % 1 % 2!
1 " " 2% 2 % " = 0
2 1 % 2!
1 " " 2% %" % % " = 0
1 " " 2% %" + % % " = 0
1 " " 2% + 1 %" + " = 0
ST % = 1 1 " ' 3" 1 + " = 0
= 0 1 0" ' 0 3" 0 1 + " 0 = 0 ' 0 = 1 + "
%$ :,% +
" '
= 0 + 0 + " 0 + ' 0 + + 0
2! 3! %!
" ' " + 1 '

= 1 + + + + .
3! 3!
62. Show that O = 1 + sin W + + '! %' W + .

Q; O "
"!
= O = ABC ST sin W = = ABC

M ABC O M
Solution:-
= 0 0 = ABC = n = 1
M n
. . . .

= ABC sin

M

1 1
= [ \ = 0 0 = 0 [ \ 0 = 1
1 " 1 "
#$% . . . .
2
7G1 " 9 " + [ \ =
21 "

7G1 " 9 " [ \ =
1 "
"
7G1 " 9 " = G1 "

52
1 " " = %. 1
1 " " = 0
= 0 1 0" " 0 0 0 = 0 " 0 = 1
% % + . . . % +
J 1 " " K = 0
%{ 1 " " + % 2 + %; 2 %{ % 1 = 0
%!
1 " " 2% 2 % = 0
2! % 2!
% % 1 % 2!
1 " " 2% 2 % = 0
2 1 % 2!
1 " " 2% %" % % = 0
1 " " 2% %" + % % " = 0
1 " " 2% + 1 %" + 1 = 0
ST % = 1 1 " ' 3" 2 = 0
= 0 1 0" ' 0 3" 0 2 0 = 0 ' 0 = 2
%$ :,% +
" '
= 0 + 0 + 0 + ' 0 + + 0
2! " 3! %!
' 2 '
=1++ + + .
3! 3!
%" W 2
O = 1 + sin W + + %' W + . = sin W
2! 3!
63. Show that log 1 + = log 2 + " + `" + W2009, S2011

;
i
, = log 1 + = 0 0 = log 1 + n = log 2

. . . .
Solution:-
1
= log 1 + = = 0 0 =
1+ 2
. . . .
1
1 + " + = = 0 1 + n " 0 + n 0 = n " 0 =
4
1 + ' + " + " + =
1 + ' + 2 " + =
53
= 0 1 + n ' 0 + 2 n " 0 + n 0 = n
1 1
2' 0 + 2 + = 1 2' 0 + 1 = 1 ' 0 = 0
4 2
1 + ) + ' + 2 ' + 2 " + " + =
1 + ) + 3 ' + 3 " + =
= 0 2) 0 + 3' 0 + 3" 0 + 0 = 1
1 1 5 1
2) 0 + 3 + = 1 2) 0 = 1 ) 0 =
4 2 4 8
%$ :,% +
" '
= 0 + 0 + " 0 + ' 0 + + 0
2! 3! %!
" 1 ) 1
log 1 + = log 2 + + [ \ + [ \ + .
2 2! 4 4! 8
" )
log 1 + = log 2 + + + .
2 8 192
64. Show that log sec = + " + )d

;
"
W2011
, = log sec = 0 0 = log sec 0 = log 1 0 = 0

. . . .
Solution:-
sec tan
= log sec = = tan = 0 0 = 0
sec
. . . .
" = : " = 0 " 0 = : " 0 " 0 = 1
' = 2: " tan = 0 ' 0 = 2: " 0 tan 0 ' 0 = 0
) = 2 : " + 3%" : " = 0 ) 0 = 2 : " 0 + 3%" 0: " 0 ) 0 = 2
) = 2 " + 3%" " = 2" 1 + 3%"
d = 2' 1 + 3%" + 2" 0 + 6 tan : " = 0 d 0 = 0
d = 2' 1 + 3%" + 12 " " tan
v = 2) 1 + 3%" + 12' tan : " + 24" ' tan + 12 " " : "
= 0 v 0 = 4 + 12 v 0 = 16
%$ :,% +
" '
= 0 + 0 + " 0 + ' 0 + + 0
2! 3! %!
54
" ' ) d v
log sec = 0 + 0 + 1 + 0 + 2 + 0 + 16 .
2! 3! 4! 5! 6!
" ) v
log sec = +2 + 16 +
2 4321 654321
" ) v
log sec =+ + +
2 12 45
65. Given ' + = 0 show that %$ +,, = ' + 3 d + . W2007 ,
S2010
Solution:- ' + = 0 1
= 0 ' 0 + 0 0 = 0 ' 0 + 0 = 0
0J " 0 + 1K = 0 0 = 0 " 0 + 1 = 0
0 = 0 " 0 = 1 " 0 1
0 = 0
Diff. equation 1 both sides w. r. t.
3 " + 1 = 0 2
%$ +,, = 0 3 " 0 0 + 0 1 = 0 0 1 = 0 0 = 1
3 " " + 6 + " = 0 3 " " + 6" + " = 0 3
= 0 3 " 0" 0 + 6 0" 0 + " 0 = 0 " 0 = 0
3 " ' + 6 " + 6 2 " + 6 " + ' = 0
6' + 18 " + 3 " ' + ' = 0 4
= 0 6' 0 + 18 0 0" 0 + 3 " 0' 0 + ' 0 = 0
6 + ' 0 = 0 ' 0 = 6
18" " + 18 ' + 18" " + " + 3 " ) + 6 ' + ) = 0 5
= 0 18" " 0 + 18 ' 0 + 18" 0 " + " + 3 " ) 0 + 6 ' 0 + ) 0 = 0
) 0 = 0
18" ' + 36 "" + 18 ) + " ' + 18" ' + 18" ' + " + 2 " + 18' " + " + 3 " d
+ 6 ) + 6 ) + 6' " + " + d = 0
55
= 0 18" ' + 18" ' + 18" ' + 6" ' + d 0 = 0
60" 0' 0 + d 0 = 0 60 1 6 + d 0 = 0
360 + d 0 = 0 d 0 = 360
%$ :,% +
" '
= 0 + 0 + " 0 + ' 0 + + 0
2! 3! %!
" ' ) d
= 0 + 1 + 0 + 6 + 0 + 360 + .
2! 3! 4! 5!
6 ' 360 d
= + + ..
32 5432
= ' + 3 d + .
66. Show that log = 1 + +

;
w

" ' )
Solution:- , y = log = log 1 + 1 = logJ1 + 1K
ST 1 = T
log = log 1 + T
T = 0 0 = log 1 + 0 = log 1 = 0

. . . .
1
= log 1 + T = T = 0 0 = 1
1+T
. . . .
" = 1 + T
" T = 0 " 0 = 1 + 0
" " 0 = 1
' = 2 1 + T
' T = 0 ' 0 = 2 1 + 0
' ' 0 = 2
) = 6 1 + T
) T = 0 ) 0 = 6 1 + 0
) ) 0 = 6
%$ :,% +
T" T' T
= 0 + T 0 + " 0 + ' 0 + + 0
2! 3! %!
T" T' T)
= 0 + T 1 + 1 + 2 + 6 + .
2! 3! 4!
1" 1' 1)
= 0 + 1 1 + 1 + 2 + 6 + .
21 321 4321
1" 1' 1)
log = 1 + +
2 3 4

56

"
'
)
67. Show that log = 7 9 7 9 + '7 9 )7 9 +

"

, y = log = log 79 = log ]1 ^

Solution:-
1
ST = T

log = log 1 T
T = 0 0 = log 1 + 0 = log 1 = 0

. . . .
1
= log 1 T = T = 0 0 = 1
1T
. . . .
" = 1 T
" T = 0 " 0 = 1 + 0
" " 0 = 1
' = 2 1 T
' T = 0 ' 0 = 2 1 + 0
' ' 0 = 2
) = 6 1 T
) T = 0 ) 0 = 6 1 + 0
) ) 0 = 6
%$ :,% +
T" T' T
= 0 + T 0 + " 0 + ' 0 + + 0
2! 3! %!
T" T' T)
= 0 + T 1 + 1 + 2 + 6 + .
2! 3! 4!
1 1 1 " 1 1 ' 1 1 )
=0+[ \ 1 + 1 [ \ + 2 [ \ + 6 [ \
21 321 4321
+ .
1 1 1 " 1 1 ' 1 1 )
log = [ \ [ \ + [ \ [ \ +
2 3 4
68. Show that log sin + = log sin + cot :: " + + .
; w EFA
" ' ABCw
W2012
Solution:- we know that the Taylors theorem
" '
+ = + + + + .
2! 3!
: = log sin + = logJsin + K
= log sin
. . . .
1
= cos = cot = cot
sin
57
. . . .
= :: "
. . . .
1 cos
= 2 :: :: cot = 2 :: " cot = 2
sin" sin
cos
= 2
sin'
" ' cos

logJsin + K = log sin + cot :: " + 2 ' + .
2 3 2 sin
" ' cos

logJsin + K = log sin + cot :: " + + .
2 3 sin'
69. Expand 2 ' + 3 " 8 + 7 in the power of 2 S2010 , S2013
+ = + + + '! + .
; w
"!
= 2 + 2 = 2 + 2 2 + 2 + 2 + .

";
"w
"! '!
= 2 + 3 8 + 7
' "
= 2 2 = 2 2 + 3 2" 8 2 + 7 = 16 + 12 16 + 7 2 = 19
'
. . . .
= 6 " + 6 8
= 2 2 = 24 + 12 8 = 28
= 12 + 6
= 2 2 = 30
= 12
2" 2'
2 + 3 8 + 7 = 19 + 28 2 +
' " 30 + 12 +
2! 3!
2 ' + 3 " 8 + 7 = 19 + 28 2 + 15 2" + 2 2' + .

70. Expand 2 ' + 7 " + 6 in the power of 2 S2014
+ = + + + + .
; w
"! '!
= 2 + 2 = 2 + 2 2 + 2 + 2 + .

";
"w
"! '!
= 2 + 7 " + 6
'
= 2 2 = 2 2' + 7 2" + 2 6 = 16 + 28 + 2 6 2 = 40

58
. . . .
= 6 " + 14 + 1
= 2 2 = 24 + 28 + 1 = 53
= 12 + 14
= 2 2 = 38
= 12
2" 2'
2 ' + 7 " + 6 = 40 + 53 2 + 38 + 12 +
2! 3!
2 ' + 3 " + 6 = 40 + 53 2 + 19 2" + 2 2' + .

71. Expand ) 3 ' + 2 " + 1 in the power of 3 Using Taylors series
+ = + + + + .
; w
"! '!
= 3 + 3 = 3 + 3 3 + 3 + 3 + .

';
'w
"! '!
= 3 + 2 + 1
) ' "
= 3 3 = 81 81 + 18 3 + 1 3 = 16
. . . .
= 4 ' 9 " + 4 1
= 3 3 = 108 81 + 12 1 = 38
= 12 " 18 + 4
= 3 3 = 108 54 = 54
= 24 18
= 3 3 = 72 18 = 54
3" 3'
= 16 + 38 3 + 54 + 54 +
2! 3!
= 16 + 38 3 + 27 3" + 9 3' + .
72. Using Taylors theorem express 2) 3 2' + 4 2" + 5
in power of S2011
+ = + + + + .
; w
"! '!
ST = 2
2 = 2 + 2 + "! 2 + '! 2 + .
; w
= 3 + 4 + 5 2 =
) ' " 2) 3 2 + 4 2" + 5
'

59
2 = 16 + 24 + 16 + 5 = 61

= 4 9" + 8 2 = 4 2' 9 2" + 8 2
'
2 = 32 36 16 = 84
= 12" 18 + 8 2 = 12 2" 18 2 + 8
2 = 48 + 36 + 8 = 92
= 24 18 2 = 24 2 18 = 48 18 = 66
2 = 61 84 + 92 66 '" + .
; w
"
2 = 61 84 + 46 " 11 ' + .
73. Arrange 7 + + 2 + 3 + 2' + + 2) + 2d in power of by using Taylors theorem
W2013
+ = + + + '! + .
; w
"!
Put = 2
+ 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + .
; w
"! '!
+ 2 = 7 + + 2 + 3 + 2 + + 2 + 2d
' )
= 7 + + 3' + ) d = 7 + 2 + 24 + 16 32 = 17
= 1 + 9" + 4' 5)
2 = 1 + 36 + 32 80 = 11
= 18 + 12" 20' 2 = 36 + 48 160 = 76
= 18 + 24 60" 2 = 18 + 48 240 = 174
Q = 24 120 Q 2 = 24 240 = 216
= 120 2 = 120
" ' ) d
+ 2 = 17 11 + 76 + 174 + 216 + 120
2 32 432 5432
+ 2 = 17 11 38 " 29 ' 9 ) d
74. Arrange 17 + 6 + 2 + 3 + 2' + + 2) + 2d in power of by using Taylors theorem
+ = + + + '! + .
; w
"!
Put = 2
+ 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + .
; w
"! '!
+ 2 = 17 + 6 + 2 + 3 + 2 + + 2 + 2d
' )
= 17 + 6 + 3' + ) d = 17 + 12 + 24 + 16 32 = 37
= 6 + 9" + 4' 5)
2 = 6 + 36 + 32 80 = 6
= 18 + 12" 20' 2 = 36 + 48 160 = 76
= 18 + 24 60" 2 = 18 + 48 240 = 174
Q = 24 120 Q 2 = 24 240 = 216
= 120 2 = 120
"
' ) d
+ 2 = 17 11 + 76 + 174 + 216 + 120
2 32 432 5432
+ 2 = 37 6 38 " 29 ' 9 ) d

60
75. If ' + 2 " ' + 1 = 0 , S%%$ in ascending power of S2013
Solution:- ' + 2 " ' + 1 = 0 1
# = 0 0 + 2 0 " 0 ' 0 + 0 1 = 0
' 0 1 = 0 ' 0 = 1 ' 0 = 1 0 = 1
3 " + 4 + 2 " 3 " + 1 = 0 2
# = 0 0 + 0 + 2 " 0 3 " 0 0 + 1 = 0
2 3 0 + 1 = 0 3 0 + 3 = 0 3 0 = 3 0 = 1
6 + 4 " + " + 4 + 4 3 " " 6" = 0
6 + 4 " + " + 8 3 " " 6" = 0 3
# = 0 4 0 0 + 4 0 0 3 " 0" 0 6 0" 0 = 0
2
8 3" 0 + 6 = 0 3" 0 = 2 " 0 =
3
%$ :,% +
"
= 0 + 0 + " 0 +
2!
" 2
= 1 + + [ \ +
2 3
"
= 1 + + .
3
76. Expand % S 2
+ = + + + + .
; w
"! '!
= 2 + 2 = 2 + 2 2 + 2 + 2 + .

";
"w
"! '!
, = = 2 2 = "

. . . .

= = = 2 2 = "

. . . .

61
= = 2 2 = "
= = 0 2 = "
= " + " 2 + " + " + .

";
"w
"! '!
77. If = + + + + .. prove that = + +

; w ; w
"! '! )! " ' )
W2013
=+ + + + ..
; w
"! "! "!
Solution:-
" ' )
1+ = 1++ + + + ..
2! 2! 2!
1 + =
log 1 + = log
= log 1 +
= log 1 + = 0 0 = log 1 + 0 = log 1 = 0

. . . .
1
= log 1 + = = 0 0 = 1
1+
. . . .
" = 1 +
" = 0 " 0 = 1 + 0
" " 0 = 1
' = 2 1 +
' = 0 ' 0 = 2 1 + 0
' ' 0 = 2
) = 6 1 +
) = 0 ) 0 = 6 1 + 0
) ) 0 = 6
%$ :,% +
" '
= 0 + 0 + " 0 + ' 0 + + 0
2! 3! %!
" ' )
= 0 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 6 + .
2! 3! 4!
" ' )
= 0 + 1 + 1 + 2 + 6 + .
21 321 4321
" ' )
= + +
2 3 4
78. If = + + . prove that = + + + + ..

; w ; w
" ' ) "! '! )!
" ' )
Solution:-
= + + .
2 3 4
= log 1 +

62
1 + =
= 1 = 0 0 = n 1 0 = 0
= = 0 0 = n 0 = 1
" = = 0 " 0 = n " 0 = 1
%$ :,% +
" '
= 0 + 0 + " 0 + ' 0 +
2! 3!
" ' )
=+ + +
2! 3! 4!
79. Prove that + = + + 1 + " + 2011

2
;
"!
Solution:- . . . = + = + + = J + 1 + K
. . . = J + + 1K = + + 1 =
we know that the Taylors theorem
+ = + + + + .
; w
"! '!
ST = + 1
+ 1" " + 1' '

+ = + + 1 + + +
2! 3!
80. Prove that J + 2 K =
2 ] + + + + + ^
w
'! d!
W2009
Solution:- . . . = + 2 = + + +
. . . = J + + K J + K
. . . = + + =
. . . = + J + K
Using the Taylors theorem
+ = + + + + .
; w
"! '!
ST = +
" ' ) d
. . . = U + + + + + + + + Q + + + V
2! 3! 4! 5!
"
'
)
U + + + + + + Q +
2! 3! 4!
d
+ I
5!

63

" ' ) Q d
. . . = + + + + + + + + + + +
2! 3! 4! 5!
"
'
)
+ + + + + + Q +
2! 3! 4!
d
+ + ..
5!
' d
J + 2 K = 2 U + + + + + V
3! 5!
INDETERMINATE FORM
0
lim =
$ 0
Is called as indeterminate forms which is meaningless for finding the true values we use Cauchys rule. For
evaluating such type of limit we differentiate numerator and denominator separately several times to gets true
values
lim

m
m

81. Evaluate W2009
= lim m
. . n

m n

Solution:- Let
By Cauchys rule

log
= lim
1
7 + log 9 0

log
= lim
1 + log

log
log
= =
1 + log 1 + log

log 1 log

= =
1 + log 1 + log
1 log
=
1 + log
lim l m
w/;
/; C
n
82. Evaluate S2011
= lim l m
w/;
/; C
n
Solution:- Let
We know that = 1 + + + + ..
; w
"! '!

64
/" tan
= lim
" '
n '/"
H[1 + + 2! + 3! + . . \ 1I
/" tan
= lim
" '
n '/"
[ + + + ..\
2! 3!
/" tan
= lim
"
n '/"
'/" [1 + + + ..\
2! 3!
tan
= lim
"
n '/"
'/"
/" [1 + + + ..\
2! 3!
tan 1
= lim lim
n n "
'/"
[1 + 2! + 3! + . . \
tan 0
:% lim . .
n 0
By Cauchys rule
sec " tan

lim = 1 lim =1
n 1 n
1
=1 =1
1
lim N
";
F ABC
N/"
83. Evaluate S2011
= lim N
"; . . n
F ABC n
N/"
Solution:- Let
By Cauchys rule
cot cot
= lim = lim
N/" 2 8 2 2 N/" 4 8 2
cot 0
= lim .
N/" 4 8 2 0
By Cauchys rule
:: " 1
= lim =
N/" 8 8
lim 1 + sin l
n
84. Evaluate S2012
= lim 1 + sin l . . 1
n
Solution:- Let

65
Taking log both sides
log = lim :: log 1 + sin

n
log 1 + sin
log = lim
n sin
By Cauchys rule
cos 1
log = lim = lim
n cos 1 + sin n 1 + sin
log = 1 =
lim 1 " Mm

85. Evaluate S2013
= lim 1 " Mm . . 0n

Solution:- Let
1 log 1 "
log = lim log 1 " = lim
log 1 log 1
2 2
1 1 +
log = lim 1 "
= lim
1 1
1 1
2 2
log = lim = = 1 =
1 + 2
lim

F
m

86. Evaluate S2014
= lim

F . . n
m
n

Solution:- Let
By Cauchys rule
1 + log 1 0
= lim
1 0
1

By Cauchys rule

+ 1 + log "
= lim
1
"

+ 1 + log " 1 + 1
= lim = =2
1 1
"

66
lim ='
; "; '; ;
w
87. Prove that W2012
= lim . .
; "; '; ;
w
Solution:- Let

"
= lim = '1

+ 1 2 + 1
6 + 1 2 + 1
= lim =
' 6 "
2 " + 3 + 1
= lim
6 "
By Cauchys rule
4 + 3
= lim
12
By Cauchys rule
4 1
= =
12 3
lim m

m

88. Evaluate S2012
= lim m
. . n

m n

Solution:- Let
By Cauchys rule

log
= lim
1
7 + log 9 0

log
= lim
1 + log

log
log
= =
1 + log 1 + log

log 1 log
= =
1 + log 1 + log
1 log
=
1 + log

lim 7
9

89. Evaluate W2007, S2014

= lim 7
9 . . 1

Solution:- Let

67
+ 1 + 1
log = lim log [ \ = lim log [ \
1 1
+ 1
log 7 9
log = lim 1 . . 0
1/ 0
By Cauchys rule
1 1 + 1
+ 1 1"
7 19
log = lim
1/ "

1 " "
7 + 19 [ \
1"
log = lim
1/ "
1
2
r 1s [ " 1/" \
+
log = lim
1/ "

1
1 2
log = 2 lim r s lim = "
1 1/"
+

2
log = = "/

lim F EFA
FX
; Y
n
90. Evaluate
= lim F EFA n
FX
; Y n
n
Solution:- Let
By Cauchys rule
2
2
= lim = = lim
1 "
n tan n 1 " tan
2
= lim lim
n 1 n tan
"
=2
lim "
'`
d = v`
'
"
i
'
91. Prove that W2010

68
= lim
'
"
n
' "
'`
d n
Solution:- Let
By Cauchys rule
3 1 3 1
+
23 212 23 212
= lim = lim
15 15
2 2+
' '
219 5 219 5
1 1 8
+
= 2 6 = 12 = 2/3 = 8
15 23 23/4 69
2+ 4 4
lim =

;
"
92. Prove that
= lim n

n

;
Solution:- Let
By Cauchys rule
1 1 1 1
+ +
2 2 1 2 2 1
= lim = lim
2
2 " 1 1
"
2 1 + 2 " 1
= lim U V
4 1
1 X 1 + Y 7G 1 + 19
= lim
2 1
1 X 1 + YX 1 + 1Y
= lim
2 1
1 X 1 + Y + 1
= lim
2
2 2 1
= = =
2 X2Y
"
2
m
C7 ; 9
lim 72
9

93. Evaluate W2007
m
C7 ; 9
= lim 72 9 . . 1

Solution:- Let

N
C7" 9 8
log = lim log 72 9 = lim tan 7 9 log 72 9
2

69

log 72 9 0
log = lim ..
1 0
8
tan 72 9

log 72 9
log = lim 8

cot 72 9
By Cauchys rule
1/

2
log = lim
8
2a cosec 72 9
"

1
2 1/ 2
log = lim 8 = =

2a cosec " 72 9 8
2a
2 "
log = = N
8
" ABC
lim 79
n
94. Evaluate S2008
" ABC
= lim 79 . . n
n
Solution:- Let
1 " ABC 1
log = lim log [ \ = lim 2 sin log [ \
n n
1
log 7 9
log = 2lim ..
n 1
sin
1
log 7 9
log = 2lim
n ::
By Cauchys rule
1 1
7 " 9
1/ "
log = 2lim = 2lim
n :: cot 1 cos

n
sin sin
sin" 0
log = 2 lim lim =21 =0
n " n cos 1
log = 0 = n = 1
70

Evaluate lim 7 tan 9

N
m
"
95.
= lim 7 tan
9 . . 0n
N m
"
Solution:- Let
8 1 8

log = lim log 7 tan
9 = lim log 7 tan
9

2 2
8
log 72 tan
9
log = lim ..

By Cauchys rule
1 1
log = lim 8 [0 \
tan
1 + "
2
1
0
log = lim 8 1 + . .
"
0
2 tan

2
1 + " " 2
log = lim = lim H I
1 1+ "

1 + "
2 1
log = lim H I = lim H I = 0
2
log = 0 , = n = 1
lim 1 + tan EF
n
96. Evaluate
= lim 1 + tan EF . . 1
n
Solution:- Let
log = lim cot log 1 + tan

n
log 1 + tan 0
log = lim .
n tan 0
By Cauchys rule
sec "
1
log = lim 1 + tan = lim H I=1
n sec
" n 1 + tan

71
log = 1 =
lim + /
n
97. Evaluate
= lim + / . . 1
n
Solution:- Let
1
log = lim log + / = lim log +
n n
log + 0
log = lim .
n 0
By Cauchys rule
log + 1
log + 1
log = lim +

= lim
n 1 n +
log = 1 + log log = log + log
log = log =

lim [ + \
mM
"
98. Evaluate
= lim [ + \ . . 1
mM
"
Solution:- Let

1
1 1
log = lim log j + k = lim log j + k
2 2
log 1 j + k
2 0
log = lim ..
0

By Cauchys rule
1 / " 1/

+
2
2 2 1 1
2 + 2
log = lim = =0
1 2

2 j + k
log = 0 = n = 1

72

99. Prove that lim 7 9 = :/'
/m /m /m
'

= lim 7 9 . . 1
/m /m /m
'
Solution:- Let
/ + / + : / / + / + : /

log = lim log j k = lim log j k
3 3
/ + / + : /

log [ 3 \ 0
log = lim ..
1/ 0
By Cauchys rule
/ 1/ " log + / 1/ " log + : / 1/ " log :

3
+ +:

/ / /
log = lim 3
1
"

1
" X/ log + / log + : / log :Y
log = lim 3
1 / + / + : /
"[ \

3
1 / log + / log + : / log :

log = lim
3 / + / + : /
3
1 n log + n log + : n log :

log =
3 n + n + : n
3
1 log + log + log :

log =
3 3
3
1
log = log : log = log :/'
3
= :/'
Prove that lim ]F

^ = "

100.
= lim ]F
^

Solution:-
1 log 0
= lim H I
1 log 0
73
By Cauchys rule
1
1 7 + log 9 1 1 log
= lim = lim
1 1
1 + log 1 + log

= lim U V.

F n

mF n
1 1
1
= lim = lim =
1 1 1 1 2 2
+ + +

" "
lim 7cot 9

n
101. Evaluate
= lim 7cot 9 . .

n
Solution:- Let
1 1
= lim [ \
n tan
tan 0
= lim [ \
n tan 0
By Cauchys rule
1 sec " 0
= lim j k.
n sec + tan
" 0
0 2 sec " tan

= lim j k
n 2 sec " tan + sec " + sec "
2 sec " tan tan

= lim j k = lim [ \=0
n 2 sec " tan + 2 sec " n tan + 1
lim 7 tan sec 9

N
"
102. Evaluate
;
= lim 7 tan " sec 9 . .

N

Solution:- Let
;
8 2 cos 8 cot 0
= limN 7 9 = limN [ \..
cot 2 cos 2 cos cot 0
" "
2 sin + 2 cos + 8:: " 0

= limN j k..
2 cos :: 2 sin cot
" 0
"
2 cos 2 sin 2 sin 28:: " cot

= limN j k
4 cos :: " cot + 2 sin :: " + 2 sin :: " 2 cos cot
"

74
2 cos 4 sin 28:: " cot

= limN j k
4 cos :: " cot + 4 sin :: " 2 cos cot
"
4
= = 1
4
lim 7 9

n l m

103. Evaluate
= lim 7 9..

n l m

Solution:- Let
+ 1 0
= lim H I
n 1
0
By Cauchys rule
1 0
= lim j k..
n + 1
0
0 1
= lim j k = lim j k =
n + + 0 n + 2 2
lim ] cot 79^

n
104. Evaluate
= lim ] cot 79^ . .

n
Solution:- Let
1
= lim
n
tan 7 9

tan 7 9 0
= lim
n
tan 79 0
By Cauchys rule
1
a sec " 79 1 sec " 79 1 0
= lim = lim
1 1 0
sec " 79 + tan 7 9 sec " 7 9 + tan 79
n n
2
sec " 7 9 tan 7 9
= lim
n 2 1 1
sec " 79 tan 7 9 + sec " 79 + sec " 79
"
2
sec " 79 tan 7 9
= lim
n 2 " 7 9 tan 7 9 + 2 sec " 7 9
sec
"

75

tan 7 9
= lim =0
n 1
tan 7 9 + 1
lim Hsin
[ \ ::X" " YI

105. Evaluate
= lim Hsin
[ \ ::X" " YI . .0

Solution:- Let
1
= lim Usin
j k V
+ sinX" " Y
sin
j k
+ 0
= lim .
sinX" " Y 0

By Cauchys rule
1
j + k
"

1 j k
+
= lim

cosX" " Y X" " Y

1 1 +
[ \
+ "
1 7 2
+ 9 +
= lim
2
cosX Y [
" " \
2" "

1 1
[ \
+ "
1 7
+ 9 +
= lim

cosX" " Y [ " \
"

1 1
[ \
+ "
1 7
+ 9 " "
= lim

cosX Y [ "
" " \
"


76

1 1
= lim
+ cosX" " Y
1 7
+ 9
1 1
= =
2 2
lim ]log 72 9 cot ^

106. Evaluate
= lim ]log 72 9 cot ^ . .0

Solution:- Let
1
= lim Hlog 72 9 I
tan

log 72 9 0
= lim .
tan 0
By Cauchys rule
1 1
7 9

2 1/ 1
= lim " = =
sec 1

Find the values of a and b such that lim =1

EFA
ABC
n w
107. S2008, S2010 , W2011
lim =1
EFA
ABC
n w
Solution:-
1 + cos sin 0
1 = lim
n ' 0
By Cauchys rule
sin + 1 + cos cos 0

1 = lim + 1 + = 0
n 3 " 0
1 + = 0 = 1 1
cos sin sin + sin

1 = lim
n 6
cos 2 sin + sin 0
1 = lim ..
n 6 0
sin cos 2 cos + cos
1 = lim
n 6
sin 3 cos + cos
1 = lim
n 6

77
3 +
1= 3 + = 6 2
6
Solve equation 1 and 2 for the values of a and b
= 1
3 + = 6
5
2 = 5 =
2
5 5 3
= 1 = 1 + =
2 2 2
Find the values of a , b and c such that lim = 2

l m
EFA l Mm
n ABC
108.
lim =2
l
EFA l
m Mm
n ABC
cos + :
Solution:-

2 = lim
n sin
cos + :

2 = lim lim
n " n sin
cos + :

2 = lim 1
n "
cos + :
0
2 = lim + + : = 0
n " 0
+ : = 0 1
By Cauchys rule
+ sin :
0
2 = lim + : = 0
n 2 0
: = 0 2
By Cauchys rule
+ cos + :

2 = lim
n 2
++:
2= + + : = 4
2
++: = 43
Add equation 1 and 3 we get 2 + 2: = 4 + : = 2 4
Add equation 2 and 4 we get 2 = 2 = 1 , : = 1, = 2
Determine a, b, c so that as W 0 , the expression

O EFA O
ABC O
O
109. shall tends to the limit unity

78
Solution:-
W + cos W : sin W 0
, = lim .
On W d 0
By Cauchys rule
W sin W + + cos W : cos W

= lim
On 5 W )
W sin W + + : cos W 0
= lim + + : = 0
On 5 W ) 0
+: = 01
By Cauchys rule
W cos W sin W : sin W 0

= lim .
On 20 W ' 0
By Cauchys rule
W sin W cos W cos W : cos W

= lim
On 60 W "
W sin W 3 cos W + : cos W 0
= lim + 3 + : = 0
On 60 W " 0
3 + : = 0 2
By Cauchys rule
W cos W + sin W + 3 sin W : sin W 0

= lim ..
On 120 W 0
By Cauchys rule
W sin W + cos W + cos W + 3 cos W : cos W

= lim
On 120
W sin W + 5 cos W : cos W
= lim
On 120
W 0 % T% = 1
W sin W + 5 cos W : cos W

lim =1
On 120
5 :
= 1 5 : = 120 3
120
Solving equation 1, 2 and 3 we get required values of a, b and c
Adding equation 2 and 3 2 = 120 = 60 ST % %. 2 180 + : = 0 : = 180
ST % % T% 1 + 60 180 = 0

79
120 = 0 = 120

Prove that lim 7 9 = 6/'
/m "/m '/m
'
110. S2009

= lim 7 9 . . 1
/m "/m '/m
'
Solution:- Let
1/ + 2/ + 3/ 1/ + 2/ + 3/

log = lim log j k = lim log j k
3 3
1/ + 2/ + 3/

log [ \ 0
3
log = lim ..
1/ 0
By Cauchys rule
1/ 1/ " log 1 + 2/ 1/ " log 2 + 3/ 1/ " log 3

3
1 +2 +3

/ / /
log = lim 3
1
"

1
" X2/ log 2 + 3/ log 3Y
log = lim 3
1 1/ + 2/ + 3/
"[ \

3
1 2/ log 2 + 3/ log 3

log = lim /
3 1 + 2/ + 3/
3
1 2n log 2 + 3n log 3
log =
3 1n + 2n + 3n
3
1 log 2 + log 3
log =
3 3
3
1
log = log 6 log = log 6/'
3
= 6/'
lim ] ^
/m
l
n
111. Evaluate W2009

80

B m
B l
= lim U V=
m
l m{ m{
n B
Solution:- Let
m{
0
= = lim 1 + =
0 0 n

F m
= lim
n
By Cauchys rule

F m [log 1 + \ 0

= lim
n 1

log 1 +
= lim F m U V
n

1 + log 1 +

= lim F m

n "
1 + log 1 +
= lim 1 + lim U V
n n " 1 +
1 + log 1 + 0
= lim U V..
n +
" ' 0
By Cauchys rule
1+
1 1 + log 1 +
= lim
n 2 + 3 "
1 1 log 1 + log 1 + 0
= lim U V = lim U V
n 2 + 3 " n 2 + 3 " 0
1
= lim H I =
n 1 + 2 + 6 2
****************************************************************************************

81
PARTIAL DIFFERENTIATION
If W =
P 7 " 9 =
; /) O O
P ; P P
112. , find the value of n which will make S2007 , S2014
W =
P 1
; /)
Solution:-
Differentiate equn. 1 partially both sides w.r.t. r
W 2
= X
P /) Y =
P /) [ \
; ;
4
Differentiate equn. 1 partially both sides w.r.t.
W "
= X
P /) Y =
P /) j " k + %

P /)
; ; ;
4
1 "
P; /) 2 "
H [ \I =

P ; /)
j k + %

P /)
;

" 4 4 "
1
'

1
U
P /) V = "
"
P /) + %

P /)
; ; ;

" 2 4

2 "
H3
"
P ; /)
+
'
P ; /)
[ \I =

P ; /)
j + %k
2 " 4 4

"
P; /) 2 " "
" j3 k=

P ; /)
j + %k
2 4 4
1 2 " " 3 " " 3

j3 k = j + %k + = + % % =
2 4 4 2 4 4 2
Find the value of n, so that y = 3 cos " W 1 satisfies the equation

7 " 9 + ABC O O 7sin W O9 =0
113.

P P
y = 3 cos" W 1 1
S2008
Solution:-
Differentiate eqn. 1 partially both sides w.r.t. r
y
= J 3 cos" W 1K = %
3 cos " W 1

Differentiate eqn. 1 partially both sides w.r.t. W
y
= J 3 cos " W 1K = 3 2 cos W sin W = 6 cos W sin W
W W
1
J% "
3 cos" W 1K + 6 cos W sin W sin W = 0
sin W W
1
J%
" 3 cos" W 1K + 6 cos W sin W sin W = 0
sin W W
6
% 3 cos " W 1 + cos W sin" W = 0
sin W W
82
6
% 3 cos " W 1 % + 1 2 sin W cos " W sin' W = 0
sin W
% % + 1 3 cos " W 1 6 2 cos" W sin" W = 0
% % + 1 3 cos" W 1 6 2 cos " W 1 + cos" W = 0
% % + 1 3 cos" W 1 6 3 cos " W 1 = 0
3 cos " W 1J% % + 1 6K = 0
% % + 1 6 = 0 %" + % 6 = 0 % + 3 % 2 = 0 % = 3 % = 2
+ + = 1 prove that
; ; ;
; ; ;
T" + T" + T" = 2XT + T + T Y
114. If
S2007, S2014
+ + = 11
; ; ;
; ; ;
. . . . T T%:% , %
Solution:-
" " "

j " k+ j " k+ j " k=0
+ T + T : + T
2 1 " 1 " 1
[ \ + [ \ + [ " \=0
+ T + T
" " + T + T
" " : + T T : + T
"
"
" + T " " + T " T " T
+ U V + U V =0
+ T
" " + T
" " : + T
" "
T
2 " + T " " T " T
=0
" + T" " + T" : " + T"
2 " T " T " T
=0
+ T + T + T : + T
" " " " " " "
2 " " " T

+ + =0
+T
" + T
" " + T
" " : + T
" "
" " " T 2

" + + = . .2
+ T" " + T" : " + T" " + T
+,,, . T% 1 % $
" " " T 2
" + + = " . .3
+ T " + T
" " : + T + T
" "
" " " T 2

" + + = " . .4
+ T " + T
" " : + T + T
" "
Multiply equation 1, 2 and 3 by , % and adding we get

" " " T T T " " "
" + + [ + + \ = 2 U + + V
+ T" " + T" : " + T" " + T " + T " + T
" " " T T T
" + + [ + + \ = 2 .5
+ T " + T
" " : + T
" "
T%$ % %$ %. 1, 2 % 3
" " " T " T " T " 4 " 4 " 4 "
"
U " + + V U[ \ + [ \ + [ \ V = + +
+ T" " + T" : " + T" " + T" " + T" : " + T"

83
" " " T " T " T "

"
U " + + V U[ \ + [ \ + [ \ V
+ T" " + T" : " + T"
" " "
= 4U " + + V
+ T" " + T" : " + T"
" " " T " T " T "
U " + + V U[ \ + [ \ + [ \ V = 46
+ T" " + T" : " + T"
T% 6 T% 5
T " T " T "
7 9 +[ \ +7 9 4

=
T T T 2
+ +

T " T " T " T T T
[ \ + [ \ + [ \ = 2 [ + + \

T + T + T = 2XT + T + T Y
" " "
If u = f 7 , , 9 , Prove that x + y + z = 0

115. W2007
u = f 7 , , 9 , u = f X , Y , Z . .1

Solution:-
Where X = , Y = , Z =

Diff eqn.1 w. r. t. x = + + = + 0 + 7 ; 9 = ;

T 1 u z u
= .2
y X x " Z
Diff eqn.1 w. r. t. y = + + = 7 ; 9 + 79 + 0 = ; +

T x u 1 u
= " + .3
y X z Z
Diff eqn.1 w. r. t. z = + + = 0 + 7 ; 9 + 79 = ; +

T T 1 T
= " + .4

Multiply equation 2, 3 and 4 by , % and adding we get
T T T T T x u y u T T
+ + = + +
y X z Z
T T T
+ + =0

116. If u = 3 + + :" " + " + " and
" + " + : " = 1 Show that + ; + ; = 0
; ; ;
;
W2007
T = 3 + + :" " + " + " . .1
. %. 1 S,, . . .
Solution:-
T "
= 3 + + :" + " + "

= 6 + + : 2 2

. % 2 S,, . . .

84
= 6" 2 .3
;
;
. %. 1 S,, . . .
T "
= 3 + + :" + " + "

= 6 + + : 2 2

. % 2 S,, . . .
= 6 " 2 .4
;
;
. %. 1 S,, . . .
T
= 3 + + :" " + " + "

= 6: + + : 2 2

. % 2 S,, . . .
= 6: " 2 . .5
;
;
%$ % 1, 2 % 3 $
u u " u
" "
+ + = 6" 2 + 6 " 2 + 6: " 2
x " y " z "
" u " u " u
+ + = 6 " + " + : " 6
x " y " z "
" u " u " u
+ + = 6 6 = 0 " + " + : " = 1
x " y " z "
If u = log x ' + y ' x " y x y " Prove that + =
"
117.
"
And ] + ^ T = ;
)
W2008
T = log x ' + y ' x " y x y " . .1
. %. 1 S,, . . .
Solution:-
= w w
;
; x ' + y ' x " y x y " = w w
;
;
' ;
"
;

. %. 1 S,, . . .
T 1 ' 3 " " 2
= ' x + y '
x "
y x y "
=
x + y ' x " y x y " x ' + y ' x " y x y "
T T 3 " 2 " 3 " " 2

+ = +
x ' + y ' x " y x y " x ' + y ' x " y x y "
T T 3 " 2 " + 3 " " 2 2 " + 2 " 4

+ = =
x ' + y ' x " y x y " " " + " "
T T 2 " + " 2 2 " 2

+ = " = =
+
" " +
" T T 2
[ + \ T = [ + \[ + \ = [ + \[ \
+
" 2 2 1 1
[ + \ T= [ \+ [ \ = 2H [ \+ [ \I
+ + + +
85
" 1 1 4
[ + \ T = 2 H I=
+ " + " + "
If u = ; + + Prove that + + 2T = 0
F
F
;
;
118.
T= + + . .1
W2008
F
F
; ;
;
Solution:-
. %. 1 S,, . . .
1
T 1 1 1 log log 2 1 " " 2 log log
= [ \+ [ \+ [ \ = ' " +
x " " " " " "
. %. 1 S,, . . .
1
T 1 1 1 log log 1 " " + 2 log log

= [ \+ [ \+ [ \ = " +
x " " " " " "
1
T T 2 1 " " 2 log log
+ = ' " +
" " "
1
1 " " + 2 log log
+ " +
" " "
T T 2 1 " " 2 " log log 1 " " + 2 " log log
+ = " + +
" " " " " "
T T 2 2 " " 2 " log log " + " + 2 " log log
+ = " +

T T 2 2 2 log log " "

+ = "
" " "
T T 1 1 log log
+ = 2 H " + + I = 2T
" " "
T T
+ + 2T = 0

If ' = 4 show that = ';

;
; ' ;
119. S2009
= 4
"
. S,, . . .

Solution:-
"
= 0 3 " [ + .1\ 0 = 0

3 " = 0 3 " = = "
3
" = 4
. S,, . . .

86
"
= 0 3 " [ \ 1 = 0

1
3 " 1 = 0 3 " = 1 = "
3

" 1 3 " 0 1 3 "
= [ \= [ \=
3 " 3 " "

" 6 1 6 7 " 91
= = 3
3 " " 3 " "

"
6 3
" "
6 " 3 " +
= =
3 " " 3 " "
" 3 " +
=
3 " "
If = : , show that = J log K
= =
;
120. S2008
= :

%$ log

Solution
log = log :
log + log + log = log :
log + log + log = log : . .1
. S,, . . .
1 1
+ log + + log =0

1 + log + + log =0

1 + log = 1 + log

1 + log
=
1 + log

"
1 + log
= [ \= [ \
1 + log
1
1 + log 0 1 + log 70 +
"
= 9
1 + log "
" 1 + log
= .2
1 + log "

To find
. % 1 S,, . . .
1 1
+ log + + log =0

1 + log + + log =0

1 + log = 1 + log

1 + log
= ST % % 2
1 + log

87
" 1 + log 1 + log 1 + log 1 + log

= [ \ =
1 + log " 1 + log 1 + log '
==

" 1 + log 1 + log 1
= =
1 + log ' 1 + log
" 1 1
= = = log

log + log log
If T = , show that + + = 2T
l m
l m l l
121.
T = l m l l
l m
%$ log

Solution

log T = log j k
+ +
log T = log log + +
log T = + + log log + +
log T = + + log + +
. S,, . . .
1 T 1
=1 + +
T + +

T + +
= T j1 k = T j k
+ + + +
T +
= Tj k
+ +
T +
+,, = Tj k
+ +
T +
= Tj k
+ +
T T T + + +
+ + = Tj k + T j k + T j k
+ + + + + +
T T T 2 + 2 + 2 + +
+ + = T = 2T j k
+ + + +
T T T
+ + = 2T

If T = log tan + tan + tan , show that sin 2 + sin 2 + sin 2 = 2

122.
T = log tan + tan + tan
. S,, . . .
Solution
T 1
= tan + tan + tan
tan + tan + tan
T sec "
=
tan + tan + tan
T sec "
+,, =
tan + tan + tan
T sec "
=
tan + tan + tan

88
T T T
. . . = sin 2
+ sin 2 + sin 2

sec
"
sec
"
sec "
. . . = sin 2 j k + sin 2 j k + sin 2 j k
tan + tan + tan tan + tan + tan tan + tan + tan
1/cos" 1/cos"
. . . = 2 sin cos j k + 2 sin cos j k
tan + tan + tan tan + tan + tan
1/cos"
+ 2 sin cos j k
tan + tan + tan
. . . = =
" C " C " C " C C C
C C C C C C
T T T
sin 2
+ sin 2 + sin 2 =2

If = y , = T , = Ty , % is a function of , % show that
+ + = T + y +
123.

W2007
is a function of , %
, % T%:% T, y %
Solution

= + +
T T T T
= y , = T , = Ty
1 1
= 0 , = T , = Ty
T T 2T T T 2Ty T
y
= 0 , = , =
T T 2T T 2Ty
y
= 0 + [ \+ [ \
T 2T 2Ty
y
= +
T 2T 2Ty

= + +
y y y y
1 1
= XyY , = 0 , = Ty
y 2y y y y 2Ty y
T
= , = 0 , =
y 2y T T 2Ty
T
= [ \+ 0 + [ \
y 2y 2Ty
T
= +
y 2y 2Ty

= + +

1 1
= XyY , = T , = 0
2y 2T
y T
= , = , =0
2y 2T

= + +

y T
= [ \+ [ \+ 0
2y 2T
89
y T
= +
2y 2T

. . = T +y +
T y
y T y T
. . = T [ + \+y[ + \ + [ + \
2T 2Ty 2y 2Ty 2y 2T
1 1 1 1 1 1
. . = T + Ty + y + Ty + y + T
2 2 2 2 2 2

. . = y + T + Ty

. . = + + = . . .

+ + = T +y +
T y
124. If by the substitution T = " " , y = 2 , , = T , y show that
+ = 4 " + " ] + ^
; ; ; ;
; ; ; ;
S2007
is a function of T % y
T , y % T%:% %
Solution
T y
= +
T y
T = " " , y = 2
T y
= 2 , = 2

= 2 + 2
T y
"
= [ \= [2 + 2 \
" T y
" T y
= [2 \ + [2 \ = [2 \ + [2 \
" T y T T y y
" " " "
"

= 2 " 2 + 2 " 2 = 4 " " + 4 " "
" T y T y
T y
= +
T y
T = " " , y = 2
T y
= 2 , = 2

= 2 + 2
T y

"

= [ \= [2 + 2 \
" T y

"
T y
= [2 \ + [2 \ = [2 \ + [2 \
" T y T T y y

"

"
"

"

"
= 2 " 2 + 2 " 2 = 4 " " + 4 " "
" T y T y

" "
. . . = " + "


90
" " " "

. . . = 4"
+ 4 "
+ 4 "
+ 4 "
T" y " T" y "

"

"
. . . = 4 " + " " + 4 " + " "
T y
"
. . . = 4 + 7 ; + ; 9 = . . .
"
; ;

" " "
" "
+ = 4 "
+ U + V
" " T" y "
If = cos y , = sin y prove that
" " " "
125.
79 + 7 9 = " H79 + 79 I W2007
f is a function of T % y
% T%:% T % y
Solution

= +
T T T
= cos y , = sin y

= cos y , = sin y
T T

= cos y + sin y
T

= +
y y y

= sin y , = cos y
y y

= sin y + cos y
y
To prove that
" " " "
[ \ + [ \ = " U[ \ + [ \ V
T y
" "
. . . = [ \ + [ \
T y
"
"
. . . = H cos y + sin yI + H sin y +
cos yI

" "
. . . = cos y [ \ + cos y sin y
"
+ sin y [ \
"

"
"
+ sin y [ \ cos y sin y
"
+ cos y [ \
"

"
"
"
"
. . . = cos y [ \ + sin y [ \ + sin y [ \ + cos y [ \
" " " " " " " "

"
"
. . . = " [ \ cos" y + sin" y + " [ \ cos" y + sin" y

"
"
" "
. . . = [ \ + [ \ = U[ \ + [ \ V = . . .
" " "

" " " "
[ \ + [ \ = U[ \ + [ \ V
"
T y
126. If by the substitution T = + , y = 2 , = T , y show that
" "

91

= 2 T" y " /" 2008
T
T%:% T % y
T % y T%:% %
Solution
T y
= +
T y
T = " + " , y = 2
T y
= 2 , = 2

= 2 + 2
T y
T y
= +
T y
T = " + " , y = 2
T y
= 2 , = 2

= 2 + 2
T y
To prove that

= 2 T" y " /"
T

. . . =

. . . = [2 + 2 \ [2 + 2 \
T y T y

. . . = 2 " + 2 2 " 2
T y T y

. . . = 2 " "
T
:% T" y " = " + " " 2"
T" y " = ) + 2 " " + ) 4 " "
T" y " = ) 2 " " + )
T" y " = " " "
" " = T" y " /"

. . . = 2 T" y " /" = . . .
T

= 2 T" y " /"
T
If by the substitution = T + y , = T y , = , show that
" 1 1 " 1 "
127.
= j " " " " k 2008

4 T y
T%:% %
% T%:% T % y
Solution

= +
T T T
= T + y , = T y
= , =


92

= +
T

= +
T

"

= [ \ = [ + \ [ + \
T " T T

"

= [ + \ + [ + \
T "
" "
"
"
"

= "
+ "
+ "
+ "
T" " "

"

"
"

"

"
" "
= "
+ 2 "
+ "
= "
j + 2 + k
T" " " " "
1 " " " "
= + 2 + . .1
" T" " "

= +
y y y
= T + y , = T y
= , =

=
y

=
y

"

= [ \ = [ \ [ \
y " y y
"
= [ \ [ \
y "
" " " " "
= "
"
"
+ "
y " " "
" " " "
= "
2 "
+ "
y " " "

"

"

" "
= "
j 2 + k
y " " "
1 " " " "
= 2 + 2
" y " " "
T% 1 T% 2
1 1 "
" "
" " " " "
= + 2 + j 2 + k
" T" " y " " " " "
1 " 1 " " " " " " "
= + 2 + + 2
" T" " y " " " " "
1 " 1 " " " 1 1 " 1 "
= 4 = j k
" T" " y " 4 " T" " y "
If by the substitution " = T + y , " = T y , = , show that

128.
+ = 2 [T + y \ 2010
T y
T%:% %
% T%:% T % y
Solution

93

= +
T T T
" = T + y 1 , " = T y .2
2 = = " , 2 = = "

= + . .3
T 2 2

= +
y y y
" = T + y , " = T y
2 = = , 2 = =

" "

= . .4
y 2 2
Multiply equation 3 by u and equation 4 by v and adding we get
T T y y
T +y = + +
T y 2 2 2 2
Adding equation 1 and 2 we gets " + " = 2T T =
; ;
"
Subtracting equation 1 and 2 we gets " " = 2T y = "

;
;
Put u and v in right hand sides

" + " " + " " " " "
[ 2 \ [ 2 \ [ 2 \ [ 2 \
T +y = + +
T y 2 2 2 2
" + " " + " " " " "
T +y =j k +j k +j k j k
T y 4 4 4 4
+ +
" " " "
+ +
" " " "
T +y =j k +j k
T y 4 4
1
T +y = + = [ + \
T y 2 2 2

+ = 2 [T + y \
T y
If by the substitution = , = Ty , = , show that
;
;
"
1
129.
" " " "
+ "= " j " + " k 2011
" T + y T
" y
T%:% %
% T%:% T % y
Solution

= +
T T T
T" y "
= , = Ty
2
= T , = y

=T +y
T

=T +y
T

94
"
= [ \ = [T + y \ [T + y \
T" T T
"
= T [T + y \ + y [T +y \
T "

"

"
"

"
"
= T "
+ Ty + Ty + y "
T" " "

"

"

"

"
= T "
+ 2Ty + y "
.1
T" " "

= +
y y y
T" y "
= , = Ty
2
= y , = T

= y +T
y

= y +T
y

"

= [ \ = [y + T \ [y +T \
y " y y
"
= y [y + T \ + T [y +T \
y "

"

"

"

"

"
= y " " Ty Ty + T" "
y "
" "
"
"

= y " " 2Ty + T" " . .2
y "
T% 1 + T% 2

" "

"
" " " " "
+ = T "
+ 2Ty + y "
+ y "
2Ty + T "
T" y " " " " "
" " " "
+ = T "
+ y "
+ T "
+ y "

T" y " " "
" " " "
+ = T "
+ y "
j + k
T" y " " "
" " 1 " "
+ = j + k
" " T" + y " T" y "
130. If = , , = cos y , = sin y , show that

+ = " 1 and ; + ; =
" 7; + ; 9 2007
; ; ; ;
Solution f is a function of T % y
% T%:% T % y

= +
T T T
= cos y , = sin y

95

= cos y , = sin y
T T

= H cos y + sin yI
T

= +
y y y

= sin y , = cos y
y y

= sin y + cos y
y
To prove that + = "

1

. . . = +
T y

. . . = H cos y + sin yI + H sin y + cos yI

. . . = H + sin yI + H + cos yI

. . . = + sin y + cos y

. . . = sin y sin y + cos y cos y

. . . = sin y" + cos y"

. . . = " sin" y + cos " y = "

+ = "
T y
To prove that ; + ; =
" 7; + ; 9
; ; ; ;
T%:% %
% T%:% T % y

= +
T T T
= cos y , = sin y
= cos y , = sin y

= cos y + sin y
T

= cos y + sin y
T

"

= [ \ = [ cos y + sin y \ [ cos y + sin y \
T " T T
"
= cos y [ cos y + sin y \ + sin y [ cos y + sin y \
T "

96
" " " " "

= cos y " + sin y cos y
" " "
+ sin y cos y
"
+ sin y "
" "
T"

"

"

"

"
= " cos" y " + 2 " sin y cos y + " sin" y " .1
T "

= +
y y y
= cos y , = sin y
= sin y , = cos y

= sin y + cos y
y

= sin y + cos y
y

"

= [ \ = [ sin y + cos y \ [ sin y + cos y \
y " y y
"
=
sin y [
sin y +
cos y \ +
cos y [
sin y +
cos y \
y "
" " " " "
= "
sin "
y "
sin y cos y "
sin y cos y + "
cos "
y
y " " "
" " " "
= "
sin"
y 2 "
sin y cos y + "
cos "
y . .2
y " " "
T% 1 + T% 2

" "

"
" " "
+ = "
cos "
y + 2 "
sin y cos y + "
sin "
y + "
sin "
y
T" y " " " "
" "
2 " sin y cos y + " cos" y "

" " "
"
+ = "
+ "

T" y " " "
" " " "
+ = "
j + k
T" y " " "
" " 1 " " " "
+ = j + k =
"
j + k
" " " T" y " T" y "
If by the substitution = T y , = T + y , = , show that
" " "
131.
" " " = 4"

T y
T%:% %
% T%:% T % y
Solution

= +
T T T
= T y , = T + y
= 1 , = 1

= +
T

= +
T

97
"
= [ \ = [ + \[ + \
T" T T
"
= [ + \+ [ + \
T "
" " " " "
= + + +
T" " "
" " " "
= +2 + .1
T" " "

= +
y y y
= T y , = T + y
= , =

= +
y

= +
y

"

= [ \ = [ + \ [ + \
y " y y

"

= [ + \ + [ + \
y "
" "
"
"
"

= " " " " + " "
y "

"

"

"

"
= " " 2" + " " . .2
y "
T% 1 + T% 2
"

" "

"
" " " " "
" " " = " " + 2" + " " " " + 2" " "
T y
"
"
"

" " " = 4"
T y
If by the substitution T = 2 , y = , = T , y show that
" "

132.
+ + = 0 Ty,% = 0 2009
y
T%:% T % y
T % y T%:% %
Solution
T y
= +
T y
T = " 2 " , y =
T y
= 2 2 , =0

= 2
T
T y
= +
T y
T = " 2 " , y =
T y
= 2 2 , =1


98

= 2 + +
T y

+ + = 2 + 2 + +
T T y

+ + = 2 " " 2 " " +
T T y

+ + =
y
+ + = 0 is equivalent to = 0 =0

133. T = " tan

7 9 " tan
7 9 , Find

T T "T "T "T
If
+ % " " + 2 + " " 2009

Solution T = " tan
7 9 " tan
7 9

T
= " tan
7 9 + tan
7 9 " " tan
[ \

T 1 1
= " 7 9 + 2 tan
7 9 " [ \
1+ / " 1+ / "
T " " 1
= " " 7 9 + 2 tan

7 9 "
[ \
+ " " +
" "
T
"
'
= " + 2 tan

7 9
+ " " + "
T " + ' " + "
= j " k + 2 tan

7 9 = j k + 2 tan
7 9
+ " " + "
T
= + 2 tan
7 9

T = tan 7 9 tan
[ \
"
"

T
= " tan
7 9 + tan
7 9 " " tan
[ \

T 1 1
= " 7 9 + 0 " [ \ 2 tan
[ \
1 + /
" 1 + /
"
T "
1 "

= " " [ \ " " [ " \ 2 tan
[ \
+ " + "
T ' " "
+ "

= " + " 2 tan
[ \ = j " k 2 tan
[ \
+ " + " + "
T
= 2 tan
[ \

To find +

T T
+ = ] + 2 tan
7 9^ + H 2 tan
[ \I

T T
+ = + 2 " tan
7 9 + 2 " tan
[ \

T T
+ = 2 H " tan
7 9 " tan
[ \I = 2T

To find " ; + 2 + " ;
; ; ;

99
"T T "
= [ \ = ] + 2 tan

7 9^ = 2 7 9 + 2 tan

7 9
" " + " "
"T 2
= " + 2 tan
7 9
" + "
T
"
T "
= [ \ = H 2 tan

[ \I = 2 [ " \ 2 tan
[ \
" +
" "
"T 2
= 2 tan
[ \
" " + "
T
"
T " 1 2 "
= [ \= H 2 tan
[ \I = 1 2 " = 1
+ " " + "
"T " + " 2 " " "
= = "
" + " + "
T
"
T
"
T
"
2 " " 2
"
+ 2 + "
= "
H + 2 tan

7 9I + 2 U V + "
H 2 tan

[ \I
" " " + " " + " " + "
"T "T " T 2 ' + 2 ' 2 ' + 2 '
" " + 2 + " " = + 2 H " tan
7 9 " tan
[ \I
+
" "
T
"
T
"
T
"

" " + 2 + " " = 2 H " tan
7 9 " tan
[ \I = 2T

134. T = 7 , 9 show that " + " + " = 0 2009

Solution
If

T = [ , \

T = ,
Where = % =

T T T
= +

=
"
" + " 1
= = = = "

" "
" "
" "

=
"
" + " 1
= = = = "

" "
" "
" "
T 1 T 1 T
= " 1
"
T T T
= +

=
"
+ " " 1
= = = =
" " " " " " "

= = 0
"
100
T 1 T
= " .2

T T T
= +

= = 0
"

= =
" ""
+ " " 1
= = =
"" "" "
T 1 T
= " . .3

Equation 1 multiply by " , equation 2 multiply by " and equation 3 multiply by " and adding

T T T 1 T 1 T 1 T 1 T
" + " + " = " [ " " \ + " " + " "

T T T T T T T
" + " + " = + + = 0

T T T
" + " + " = 0

135. + = " + " ,
"
If
[ \ = 4 [1 \ 2011

Solution :-
+ = " + "
" + "
=
+

" + " + " + " " + " +
= j k=
+ + "
2 + " + " 2 " + 2 " "
= =
+ " + "
" + 2 "
= . .1
+ "

" + " + " + " " + " +

= j k=
+ + "
2 + " + " 2 " + 2 " "
= =
+ " + "
" + 2 "
=
+ "
"
[ \ = 4 [1 \

" " + 2 " " + 2 "
"
. . . = [ \ = U j kV
+ " + "

101
" + 2 " " 2 + " 2 " 2 "

" "
. . . = U V = U V
+ " + "
" " + "
" "
. . . = 4 U V = 4 U V = 4 [ \ 3
+ " + " +

. . . = 4 [1 \ = 4 H1 [ + \I

+ 2
" "
+ 2 "
"
. . . = 4 U1 j + kV
+ " + "
4 + " 4
. . . = 4 H1 [ \I = 4 U V
+ " + "
" + 2 + " 4 " 2 + "
. . . = 4 U V = 4 U V
+ " + "
" "
. . . = 4 U V = 4 [ \ . .4
+ " +
From equation 3 and 4 . . . = . .
"
[ \ = 4 [1 \

136. T = 1 2 + "
/" show that
T T
If
H 1 " I + [ " \ = 0 2013

Solution :-
T = 1 2 + "
/"
T 1
= 1 2 + "
/" = 1 2 + "
'/" 1 2 + "
2
T 1
== 1 2 + "
'/" 2 = 1 2 + "
'/"
2
T 1
= 1 2 + "
/" = 1 2 + "
'/" 1 2 + "
2
T 1
== 1 2 + "
'/" 2 + 2 = 1 2 + "
'/"
2
T T
H 1 " I + [ " \ = 0

T T
. . . = H 1 " I + [ " \

. . . = o 1 " 1 2 + "
'/" p + X " 1 2 + "
'/" Y

1 " "
. . . = U V + U V
1 2 + " '/" 1 2 + " '/"
3
1 2 + " '/" 2 1 " 1 2 + " /" 2
. . . = 2
1 2 + " '
3
1 2 + " '/" " + 2 2 " " 1 2 + " /" 2
+ 2
1 2 + " '

102
3
1 2 + " '/" 2 1 " 1 2 + " /" 2
. . . = 2
1 2 + " '
3
1 2 + " '/" 3 " + 2 " 1 2 + " /" 2
+ 2
1 2 + " '
2 1 2 + " '/" + 3 " 1 2 + " /" 3 " " 1 2 + " /"
. . . =
1 2 + " '
3 " 1 2 + " '/" + 2 1 2 + " /" + 3 " " 1 2 + " /"
+
1 2 + " '
. . . = 0
T T
H 1 " I + [ " \ = 0

137. T = 2 % " = " + " + " , obtain the value of + + , How in this value
; ; ;
; ; ;
modified + = 1 W2011
If
Solution:-
%: T T%:% % T%:% , %
T T
= = 2+ 2

T T
= = 2+ 2

T T
= = 2+ 2

"T T
= [ \= 2+ 2
= 2+ + 1 2
" + 2+ 2
= 4+ + 1 2
"
"
"T
= 4+ + 1 2
" + 2+ 2

"
"T T
= [ \= 2+ 2
= 2+ + 1 2
" + 2+ 2

"
"T
= 4+ + 1 2
" + 2+ 2

"
"T T
= [ \ = 2+ 2

= 2+ + 1 2
"
+ 2+ 2

"
"T
= 4+ + 1 2
" + 2+ 2

"
"T "T "T
+ + = 4+ + 1 2
" + + + 6+ 2

" " "
138. If T = " + " then prove that
"T "T "T T T
" " 2 + " " = + 2012

Solution :-
T = " + "
. S,, . . .
T
= 2 " + "

T
= 2 " + "


103
T T
+ = 2 " " + " + 2 " " + " 1

"T T
= [ \= J2 " + " K = 4 " " + " + 2 " + "
"
"T T
= [ \= J2 " + " K = 4 " " + " + 2 " + "
"
T T
= [ \= X2 " + " Y = 4 " + "

"T "T "T
:% " " 2 + " "

= " J4 " " + " + 2 " + " K 2J4 " + " K
+ " J4 " " + " + 2 " + " K
"T "T "T
" " 2 + " "

= 4 " + " + 2 " " + " 8 " " " + " + 4 " " " + "
" "
+ 2 " " + "

"T "T "T
" " 2 + " " = 2 " " + " + 2 " " + "

T
"
T
"
"T T T
" " 2 + " " = + T% 1

139. T = 7 9 then prove that
;
T T "T "T "T

If
+ 2 = 0 % " " + 3 + 2 " " = 0

Solution:-
To prove that + 2 = 0

T T " "
. . . = + 2 = U j kV + 2 U j kV

"
2 "
"
. . . = j k [ \ + 2 j k j " k

2
" "
2
" "
. . . = j k j k = 0 = . . .

T T
+ 2 = 0 , Sy

To prove that " ; + 3 + 2 " ; = 0
; ; ;
"T "T "T

. . . = "
+ 3 + 2 "
" "
T T T
. . . = " H I + 3 H I + 2 " H I

"
2 "
"
" "
. . . = " U j k [ \V + 3 U j k j " kV + 2 " U j k j " kV


104
2 " 2 " 2 " " 2 " 2

. . . = U j k [ \ + j k [ \V + 3 U " j k [ \ + j k [ " \V
"

"
"
"
"
"
+ 2 " U " j k j " k + j k j2 ' kV

4 )
"
2
" "
)
"
"
" ) " " "
. . . = " j k + j k 6 " j k 6 j k + 2 " j k + 4 j k

)
"
"
"
)
"
"
"
. . . = 6 " j k + 6 j k 6 " j k 6 j k = 0

T
"
T
"
T
"
" " + 3 + 2 " " = 0 , Sy

140. + = + where
; ; ; ;
; ; ; ;
= cos < sin < , = sin < + cos < 2013
Prove that
Solution :-
T T T T T T
= + % = +

T T T
= cos < sin < + sin < + cos <

T T T T T
= cos < + = cos < + sin <

T T T
= cos < sin < + sin < + cos <

T T T T T
= sin < + cos < = sin < +

T
"
T T T
= [ \= [cos < + sin < \
"
T"
T T
= [ \ + [ \
"
"T T T
= [ \ + [ \
"
T
"
T
"
T
"
"T "T
= + =
+ !

"
"T T T T
= [ \= [ + \
"
"T T T
= [ \ + [ \
"
T
"
T T
= [ \ + [ \
"
T
"
T
"
T
"
"T "T
= + = !
+

"
T T
" "
T
"
T
"
T
"
T
"
+ " = + ! + ! +
"
T T
" "
T
"
T
"
+ " = X + ! Y + X + ! Y
"
T T T T
" " " "
+ = +
" "

105
141. T = , + , show that 2 + = 0 2011

; ; ;
; ;
Solution:- T = , + ,
If
T
= , + 1 , + ,

"T T
= [ \= J , + , + , K
"
"T
= J , K + J , K + J , K
"
"T
= , + 1 , + , + ,
"
"T
= , + 2 , + ,
"
T
= , + , + 1 ,

"T T
= [ \= J , + , + , K
"
"T
= J , K + J , K + J , K
"
"T
= , + , + 1 , + ,
"
"T
= , + , + 2 ,
"
"T T
= [ \= J , + , + , K

"T
= J , K + J , K + J , K

"T
= , + 1 , + , + ,

"T
= , + , + , + ,

To prove that ; 2 + ; = 0
; ; ;
"T "T "T

. . . = 2 +
" "
. . . = , + 2 , + , 2J , + , + , + , K
+ , + , + 2 ,
. . . = , + 2 , + , 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 ,
+ , + , + 2 ,
,
. . . = 2 + 2 , + 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 , 2 ,
+ 2 ,
"T "T "T
. . . = 0 " 2 + = 0 Sy
"
142. If T = , + + , y = + , , 7 9 79 = "; 2; and
";

y , " + +"
[ \ [ \ = 2009
y ,"

106
-
T
T = , + + [
Solution:
\ =,

T = , + + 1 % y = + , 2
%. 1 , + %2 + T, + y+ = , " + ,+ + +" ,+
T, + y+
T, + y+ = , " + +" = "
, + +"
, + + , T, + y+0 , + +" ,
" " "
,
[ \ = = " = "
T , + +
" " " , + + " " , + +" "
T , ,"
[ \ [ \ =, " =
T , + +" " , " + +" "
T = , + + 1 % y = + , 2
%. 1 + %2 , T+ y, = +, + +" +, + , "
T+ y, = , " + +"
. S, . . . S%$ T :%%
y y , " + +"
, [ \ = , " + +" [ \ =
,
y = + , , = + y
1
, [ \ = 1 [ \ =
y y ,
y 1 , ++
" "
, " + +"
[ \ [ \ = j k=
y , , ,"
143. If T%:% % , % T % y y,. such that
T = , + + , y = + , ,
;
+ ; = , " + +" 7; + ; 9
; ; ;
;
Solution: - z is a function u and v and u and v is a function of %

" T y
= [ \= [ + \
" T y
"
= H , + + + + ,I
" T y
"
= [, ++ \=, [ \++ [ \
" T y T y
" T y
=, [ \ ++ [ \
" T T y y

"

"
"
= , , + + + + + ,
" T" y "
" " "
= , "
+ + "
1
" T" y "
" T y
= [ \= [ + \
" T y
"
= H , + + + + ,I
" T y
"
= [+ , \ =+ [ \, [ \
" T T T y
"
T y
=+ [ \ , [ \
" T T y y

107
" " "

=+ " , + + , " + ,
" T y

"

"

"
= +" " + , " " . .2
" T y
T% 1 + T% 2
" " " " " "
+ =, "
++ "
++ "
+, "
" " T" y " T" y "

" "

"

"
+ " = , " + +" " + , " + +" "
" T y

" "

" "
+ " = , " + +" j " + " k
" T y
144. If = , , = cos W , = sin W , show that
" 1 " " "

[ \ + "[ \ = [ \ +[ \
W
Solution:-
= ,

= +

= cos W + sin W

= cos W + sin W . .1

= +
W W W

= cos W + sin W
W W W

= sin W + cos W
W

= [ sin W + cos W \
W
1
= sin W + cos W 2
W
Squaring and adding equation 1 and equation 2
" 1 " " "
[ \ +[ \ = [cos W + sin W \ + [ sin W + cos W \
W
" 1 "
[ \ +[ \
W
" " "
= cos" W [\ + 2 sin W cos W + sin" W [ \ + cos" W [ \ 2 sin W cos W

"
+ sin" W [ \

" 1 " " "
[ \ +[ \ = cos " W + sin" W [ \ + cos " W + sin" W [ \
W
"
1 "
"
"
[ \ + "[ \ = [ \ +[ \
W
EULERS THEOREM FOR HOMOGENEOUS FUNCTION OF TWO VARIABLES

108
If T = , is a homogeneous differentiable function of degree n in , then + = %T

T is a homogeneous differentiable function of degree n in ,

Proof
T = 7 9

. S,, . . .
T
= 7 9 7 9 + %
7 9

T
= 7 " 9 + %
7 9

T
= 7 9 7 9

T 1
= 7 9 [ \

T T 1
+ = ] 7 9 7 " 9 + %
/^ + H 7 9 [ \I

T T
+ = 7 9 7 9 + % 7 9 + 7 9 7 9

T T
+ = % 7 9 = %T

If u is a homogeneous function of degree n in % then prove that

DEDUCTIONS OF EULERS THEOREM
"T "T "T

145.
" " + 2 + " " = % % 1T

T T
Solution:- we know that the Eulers Theorem
+ = %T

Diff. partially both w. r. t.
T T T
[ + \ = %

T
"
T T
"
T
"+1 + =%

"T "T T T
" + =% 1

T
"
T
"
T
" + = % 1 1

T T
+ = %T

Diff. partially both w. r. t
T T T
[ + \ = %

"T "T T T
+ "+1 =%

T
"
T
"
T T
"+ =% 1

T
"
T
"
T
"+ = % 1 .2

%. 1 + %. 2
109
"T "T "T "T T T

U " + V + U " + V = % 1 + % 1

T
"
T
"
T
"
T
"
T T
" " + + " " + = % 1 [ + \

T
"
T
"
T
"
" " + + " " = % % 1T

= $ TJ$ T 1K where $ T = %
;
Prove that "
;
+ "
;
+
; ; #
146.
T T T T T
Solution:- we know that
+ =% + = $ T
T
Diff. partially both w. r. t.
T T T
[ + \ = $ T

"T T "T T
"+1 + = $ T

T
"
T
"
T T
" + = $ T 1

T
"
T
"
T
"+ = J$ T 1K 1

T T T T T
+ =% + = $ T
T
Diff. partially both w. r. t
T T T
[ + \ = $ T

T
"
T
"
T T
+ "+1 = $ T

T
"
T
"
T T
"+ = $ T 1

T
"
T
"
T
"+ = J$ T 1K .2

%. 1 + %. 2
T
"
T
"
T
"
"T T T
U " + V + U " + V = J$ T 1K + J$ T 1K

T
"
T
"
T
"
T
"
T T
" " + + " " + = J$ T 1K [ + \

T
"
T
"
T
"
" " + 2 + " " = $ TJ$ T 1K

If T = y , y being homogeneous of nth order in % , Sy
T T
147.
+ = % y y

T = y = y , = y

Solution:-
To prove that
T T
+ = % y y


110
T T y y
. . . = + = H y I + H y I

y y
. . . = y [ + \

Since y being homogeneous of nth order in %
y y
+ = %y

. . . = %y y
T T
+ = % y y Sy

If T = sin
7
w w w
9 , show that + + = 2 tan T 2013

148.
' + ' + ' ' + ' + '

Solution;-
T = sin
j k sin T =
+ + : + + :
' '
' '
' H1 + 7 9 + 7 9 I 1 + 7 9 + 7 9
sin T = = "
7 + + : 9 + +:
Here u is a homogeneous function of degree 2 in , , %

T T T T
+ + =2
T
T
T = sin T = cos T
T T T sin T
+ + =2 = 2 tan T
cos T
If T = sin
[
"'
\ , show that + + + 3 tan T = 0
G $ $ $
149.
Solution;-
+ 2 + 3 + 2 + 3
T = sin
j k sin T =
G i + i + i G i + i + i

71 + 2 + 3 9 71 + 2 + 3 9
sin T = =
i i i i
i H1 + 7 9 + 7 9 I ) H1 + 7 9 + 7 9 I

71 + 2 + 3 9
T = sin T =
'
i i
H1 + 7 9 + 7 9 I

Here u is a homogeneous function of degree -3 in , , %
T T T T
+ + = 3
T
T
T = sin T = cos T
T T T sin T
+ + = 3 = 3 tan T
cos T
T T T
+ + + 3 tan T = 0

If T = sin
7

9,

150. show that
" ; + 2 + " ; = 7 9 2010, 2012

; ; ;
ABC EFA
) EFAw

111
+ +
Solution;-
T = sin
j k sin T =
+ G + G

71 + 9 71 + 9
sin T = T = sin T = "

j1 + k j1 + k

71 + 9
T = sin T = /"

j1 + k
Here u is a homogeneous function of degree in ,

"
T 1 sin T 1
$ T = % = = tan T
T 2 cos T 2
1
$ T = sec " T
2

T
"
T
"
T
"
We know that
" " + 2 + " " = $ TJ$ T 1K

T
"
T
"
T 1
"
1
" " + 2 + " " = tan T [ sec " T 1\
2 2
T
"
T
"
T 1 sin T
"
1
" " + 2 + " " = [ 1\
2 cos T 2 cos " T
"T "T " T 1 sin T 1 2 cos " T
"
+ 2 + "
= j k
" " 2 cos T 2 cos " T
"T "T "T 1 sin T 2 cos " T 1
"
+ 2 + "
= j k
" " 2 cos T 2 cos " T
"T "T "T sin T cos 2T
"
+ 2 + "
= [ \
" " 4 cos ' T
If T = sin
" + " /d , show that
"T "T "T 2
151.
" " + 2 + " " = tan T 2 tan" T 3 2012

25
T = sin
" + " /d sin T = " + " /d
Solution;-
" /d " /d

sin T = "/d H1 + 7 9 I T = sin T = "/d H1 + 7 9 I

Here u is a homogeneous function of degree d in ,
"
T 1 sin T 2
$ T = % = = tan T
T 5 cos T 5
2
$ T = sec " T
5

"
T "
T "
T
We know that
" " + 2 + " " = $ TJ$ T 1K

T
"
T
"
T 2
"
2
" " + 2 + " " = tan T [ sec " T 1\
5 5

112
"T "T "T 2 2

"
+ 2 + "
= tan T H 1 + tan" T 1I
" " 5 5
"T "T "T 2 2 2
" " + 2 + " " = tan T [ + tan" T 1\
5 5 5
T
"
T
"
T 2
"
2 3
" " + 2 + " " = tan T [ tan" T \
5 5 5
"
T "
T "
T 2
" " + 2 + " " = tan T 2 tan" T 3
25
If T = sin
7 /; /; 9
/"
/w /w
152. , show that
"T "T "T 1
" + 2 + "
= tan T 13 + tan" T 2011
" " 144
Solution;-
/' + /' /' + /'
/" /"
T = sin

j /" k sin T = j /" k
+ /" + /"
/' X1 + //' Y /" 1+ //'
/" /"
sin T = U /" V sin T = [ '
" \ U V
1 + //" 1 + //"
1 + //' 1 + //'
/" /"
sin T = X Y U

/v /"
V =
" U V
1 + //" 1 + //"
Here u is a homogeneous function of degree -1/12 in ,
T 1 sin T 1
$ T = % = = tan T
T 12 cos T 12
1
$ T = sec " T
12

T
"
T
"
T
"
We know that
" " + 2 + " " = $ TJ$ T 1K

T
"
T
"
T
"
1 1
" " + 2 + " " = tan T [ sec " T 1\
12 12
"
T "
T "
T 1 1
" " + 2 + " " = tan T H 1 + tan" T 1I
12 12
T
"
T
"
T
"
1 1 1
" " + 2 + " " = tan T [ tan" T 1\
12 12 12
T
"
T"
T
"
1 1 13
" " + 2 + " " = tan T [ tan" T \
12 12 12
"
T "
T "
T 1
" " + 2 + " " = tan T 13 + tan" T
144
If T = cose
7 /w /w 9
/"
/; /;
153. , show that
" ; + 2 + " ; = )) tan T 13 + tan" T

; ; ;
Solution;-
/" /"
/" + /" /" + /"
T = cose

j /' k cosec T = j /' k
+ /' + /'

113
/" X1 + //" Y /" 1+ //"

/" /"
cosec T = U /' V cosec T = [ "
' \ U V
1 + //' 1 + //'
1 + //" 1 + //'
/" /"
cosec T = X Y U/v /"
V = " U V
1 + //' 1 + //"
Here u is a homogeneous function of degree 1/12 in ,
T 1 cosec T 1 1 1
$ T = % = = = tan T
T 12 ::T :T 12 :T 12
1
$ T = sec " T
12

T
"
T
"
T
"
We know that
" " + 2 + " " = $ TJ$ T 1K

T
"
T
"
T
"
1 1
" " + 2 + " " = tan T [ sec " T 1\
12 12
"
T "
T "
T 1 1
" " + 2 + " " = tan T H 1 + tan" T 1I
12 12
T
"
T
"
T
"
1 1 1
" " + 2 + " " = tan T [ tan" T 1\
12 12 12
T
"
T"
T
"
1 1 13
" " + 2 + " " = tan T [ tan" T \
12 12 12
"
T "
T "
T 1
" " + 2 + " " = tan T 13 + tan" T
144
If T = sin
7
/ /
9 , show that
/ /
154.
" ; = )) tan T tan" T 11

; ;
" ; + 2 +
;
/) + /) /) + /)

Solution;-
T = sin
j k sin T = j k
/v + /v /v + /v
/) X1 + //) Y 1 + //'
/"
sin T = U /v V sin T = ) vU

V
1 + //v 1 + //"
1 + //' 1 + //'
/" /"
sin T = U
"/")
V = " U V
1 + //" 1 + //"
Here u is a homogeneous function of degree 1/12 in ,
T 1 sin T 1
$ T = % = = tan T
T 12 cos T 12
1
$ T = sec " T
12

T
"
T
"
T
"
We know that
" " + 2 + " " = $ TJ$ T 1K

"
T "
T "
T 1 1
" " + 2 + " " = tan T [ sec " T 1\
12 12
T
"
T
"
T
"
1 1
" " + 2 + " " = tan T H 1 + tan" T 1I
12 12

114
"T "T "T 1 1 1

"
+ 2 + "
= tan T [ tan" T 1\
" " 12 12 12
"T "T "T 1 1 11
" " + 2 + " " = tan T [ tan" T \
12 12 12
T
"
T
"
T
"
1
" " + 2 + " " = tan T tan" T 11
144
155. If T = sin
G " + " , show that
= tan' T 2008
;
"
;
+ "
;
+ 2
; ;
T = sin
G " + " sin T = G " + "
Solution;-
" "
sin T = " [1 + 7 9 \ T = sin T = 1 + 7 9

Here u is a homogeneous function of degree 1 in ,
T sin T
$ T = % = = tan T
T cos T
$ T = sec " T

T
"
T
"
T
"
We know that
" " + 2 + " " = $ TJ$ T 1K

T
"
T
"
"T
" " + 2 + " " = tan T sec " T 1

T
"
T
"
"T
" " + 2 + " " = tan T tan" T

"
T "
T "T
"
+ 2 + "
= tan' T
" "
If T = tan
[
G w w
\ , Using Eulers theorem find the value of

156.
+ 2 + " ; 2007

; ;
" ;
;
G ' + ' G ' + '

Solution;-
T = tan
& ' tan T =
+ G + G
' '
' [1 + 7 9 \ '/" [1 + 7 9 \

tan T = T = tan T =

j1 + k /" j1 + k
'
[1 + 7 9 \

T = tan T =

j1 + k

sin T
T tan T cos T = %T :T = 2%T :T = 1 %2T
$ T = % = =
T sec T " 1 2 2
cos " T

115
1
$ T = :2T 2 = :2T
2

T
"
T
"
T"
We know that
" " + 2 + " " = $ TJ$ T 1K

T
"
T
"
T 1
"
" " + 2 + " " = %2T :2T 1
2
"
T "
T "
T 1
" " + 2 + " " = 2 sin T cos T 1 cos 2T
2
T
"
T
"
T
"
" " + 2 + " " = sin T cos T 2 sin" T

T
"
T
"
"T
" " + 2 + " " = 2 sin' T cos T

If T = tan
7
w w
9, prove that + + = sin 2T

157.
Solution;-
' + ' ' + '
T = tan
j k tan T =
+ +
'
H1 + 7 9 I
'
' H1 + 7 9 I
tan T = T = tan T = "
71 + 9 71 + 9
T T T T
+ + =2
T
T = tan T T = sec " T
sin T
T T T tan T cos T
+ + =2 = 2
sec " T 1
cos" T
T T T
+ + = 2 sin T cos T

T T T
+ + = sin 2T

If T =
w w ; ;
7 9 + ( sin
7 ;
9 Using Eulers theorem

158. find the value of
" ; + 2 + " ;

; ; ;
Solution:-
' + ' 1 " + "

T= 7 9 + sin
j " k=+)

' '
' + ' ' H1 + 7 9 I ' H1 + 7 9 I
= 7 9 = 7 9 = ' 7 9
7 9
7 9
"

116
' '
'
'/" H1 + 7 9 I H1 + 7 9 I
= 7 9 = '/" 7 9
7 9 7 9

3 " " "

Here F is a homogeneous function of degree 3/2
+ = % " " + 2 + " " = % % 1

2
"
"
"
3 3 3
" " + 2 + " " = [ 1\ =
2 2 4
" J1
1 +
" "
1 + / K "
1 + /"
) = sin
j " k = sin
U " V =
sin
U V
1 / 1 /
) ) ") ") ")

Here G is a homogeneous function of degree -7
+ = 7) % " " + 2 + " " = 7 7 1) = 56)

"
T "T "T
To find
"
+ 2 + "
=
" "
" " "
" " + ) + 2 + ) + " " + )

T
"
T
"
T
"
"

"

"
") ") ")
" " + 2 + " " = " " + 2 + " " + " " + 2 + " "

"
T "
T "
T 3
" " + 2 + " " = + 56)
4
T
"
T
"
T 3 +
" ' '
1 " + "
" " + 2 + " " = 7 9 + 56 sin
j " k
4
If T = ; ; ; + cos 7 ; ; ; 9 ; Show that + + = 4 ; ; ;
;;; ;;;
159.
" " " +

Solution:-
T= + cos [ " \ = , , + ) , ,
+ +
" " " + " + "
" " "
, , = "
+ " + "
* *" *"
"
*v " " "
*, *, * = =
*" + *" + *" *" " + " + "
" " "
*, *, * = *) j " k
+ " + "
+$%ST T%:% $ 4

+ + = 4 . .1

** + ** *" +
) *, *, * = cos [ \ = cos j k
*" + *" + *" *" " + " + "
+
) *, *, * = *n cos [ " \
+ " + "
) +$%ST T%:% $ 4

117
) ) )

+ + = 0) = 0 2

T% 1 + T%2
) ) )
[ + + \ + [ + + \ = 4 + 0)

) ) )
[ + \ + [ + \ + [ + \ = 4

+ ) + + ) + + ) = 4

T T T " " "
+ + =4 "
+ " + "
If T = / + / prove that
"T "T "T
160.
" " + 2 + " " = 0 2011

Solution :-
T = 7 9 + 7 9 = + )

= 7 9

+$%ST T%:% $ 1

+ = 1

" " "
" " + 2 + " " = % % 1

"
"
"

" " + 2 + " " = 1 1 1 = 0 1

) = n 7 9

) +$%ST T%:% $ 0
) )
+ = 0)

") ") ")
" " + 2 + " " = % % 1)

)
"
)
"
)
"
" " + 2 + " " = 0 0 1) = 0 .2

T% 1 + T%2
"
"
" ") ") ")
j " " + 2 + " " k + j " " + 2 + " " k = 0 + 0

)
" "

"
)
"
)
" "
" j " + " k + 2 j + k + " j " + " k = 0

"
"
"
" " + ) + 2 + ) + " " + ) = 0

T
"
T
"
T
"
" " + 2 + " " = 0

T = + G + 2011
161. Verify Eulers theorem on homogeneous function for
Solution:-
118
T , , = + G +
T *, *, * = * + G* + *

T *, *, * = *X + G + Y = *" X + G + Y
1
T +$%ST T%:% $
2
T T T
By using Eulers theorem
+ + = %T

T T T 1
+ + = X + G + Y .1
2
T 1
By direct method
= X + G + Y =
2
T 1
= X + G + Y =
2G
T 1
= X + G + Y =
2
T T T 1 1 1
+ + = [ \+j k+[ \
2 2G 2
T T T 1 1 1
+ + = + G +
2 2 2
T T T 1
+ + = X + G + Y .2
2
Verify Eulers theorem on homogeneous function for T = + G 2008

From equation 1 and equation 2 Eulers theorem is verified
162.
Solution:-
T , = + G
T *, * = * + G*

T *, * = *X + GY = *" X + GY
1
T +$%ST T%:% $
2
T T
+ = %T

T T 1
+ = X + GY .1
2
T 1
By direct method
= X + GY =
2

119
T 1
= X + GY =
2G
T T 1 1
+ = [ \+j k
2 2G
T T 1 1
+ = + G
2 2
T T 1
+ = X + GY .2
2
T = 3 " + 5 " + 4 ) 2008

163. Verify Eulers theorem on homogeneous function for
Solution:-
T , , = 3 " + 5 " + 4 )
T *, *, * = 3 *" * * + 5 * *" * + 4 *)
T *, *, * = 3*" " * * + 5 **" " * + 4*) )
T *, *, * = *) 3 " + 5 " + 4 )
T +$%ST T%:% $ 4
T T T
+ + = %T

T T T
+ + = 4 3 " + 5 " + 4 ) .1

T
By direct method
= 3 " + 5 " + 4 ) = 6 + 5 "

T
= 3 " + 5 " + 4 ) = 3 " + 10 + 16 '

T
= 3 " + 5 " + 4 ) = 3 " + 5 "

T T T
+ + = 6 + 5 " + 3 " + 10 + 16 ' + 3 " + 5 "

T T T
+ + = 6 " + 5 " + 3 " + 10 " + 16 ) + 3 " + 5 "

T T T
+ + = 12 " + 20 " + 16 )

T T T
+ + = 4 3 " + 5 " + 4 ) .2

Verify Eulers theorem on homogeneous function for T = tan
[
G ; ;
\

164.
Solution:-

120
G " + "
T , = tan
& '

G " + " G /" + 1

T , = tan
& ' = tan
& '

T , = n tan
7G /" + 19
T +$%ST T%:% $ 0
T T
+ = %T

T T G " + "
+ = 0 tan
& ' = 0 .1

T G " + " 1 G " + "

By direct method
= &tan
& '' = & '
" + "
1+
"
T " 2
= " =
+ 2 2G +
" " " + 2 " G " + "
"
T G " + " 1 G " + "

= &tan
& '' = & '
" + "
1+
"
2
G " + " 1
T T "
2G " + "
+ =
" + 2 " "

T T 1 " " "
+ = U V
" + 2 " G " + "
T T "
+ =
" + 2 " G " + "
T T "
+ = U V + U V
" + 2 " G " + " " + 2 " G " + "
T T " "
+ =
" + 2 " G " + " " + 2 " G " + "
T T

+ = 0 . .2

Verify Eulers theorem on homogeneous function for T = log 7

9

165.
Solution:-
+
T , = log [ \


121
* + * * + +
T *, * = log [ V = *n log [
* * *
\ = log U \

T +$%ST T%:% $ 0
T T
+ = %T

T T +
+ = 0 log [ \ = 0 .1

T + 1 +
By direct method
= [log [ \\ = + [ \

T 1 + 1 2
=[ \ =
+ " + "
T 2
= "
"
T + 1 +
= [log [ \\ = + [ \

T 1 + 1 2
=[ \ =
+ " + "
T 2
= "
"
T T 2 2
+ = [ " \+[ " \
" "
T T 2 2
+ = " + "
" "
T T
+ = 0 .2

Given = 7 9 +
" 79 Prove that

166.
" " "

" + 2 + "
+ + = %" 2012
" "
Solution:-

= 7 9 +
" [ \ = + )

= 7 9

+$%ST T%:% $ %

" " "
+ = % " " + 2 + " " = % % 1 = %" %

"

"

"
" " + 2 + " " = %" % 1


122

) =
" [ \

) +$%ST T%:% $ %

) )
+ = %) = %)

") ") ")
" " + 2 + " " = % % 1) = %" + %)

"
) "
) ")
"
+ 2 + "
= %" ) + %) .2
" "
T% 1 + T%2

"

"

"
") ") ")
j " " + 2 + " " k + j " " + 2 + " " k = %" % + %" ) + %)

)
" "

"
)
"
)
" "
" j " + " k + 2 j + k + " j " + " k + % %) = %" + )

)
" "

"
)
"
)
" "
) )
" j " + " k + 2 j + k + " j " + " k + + + + = %"

" " "
" " + ) + 2 + ) + " " + ) + + ) + + ) = %"

"
"
"

" " + 2 + " " + + = %"

If = , = : , = sin % 1 = " 2010
1 N
167.
Solution:-

= +

= : + sin

= sin + cos + cos + sin

= J sin + cos + cos + sin K

= ABC EFA J sin sin + cos + cos cos + sin K
;

= ABC EFA " sin" + % : + " cos" + % :
;

= ABC EFA J " cos " sin" + 2% :K
;

= ABC EFA J " :2 + 2% :K
;

8"
[ \N =
4
"
123
If = " + " , = " , = 2 %

1
1
168.
Solution:-

= +

= " + " " + " + " 2

= " + 2 2 + 2 + " 2

ST = " , = 2

= 4" " + 4" ' 2 + 4" ' + " ) 2

= 8' ' + 8' ) + 8' ' + 2' )

= 16' ' + 10' ) = ' ' 16 + 10

**********************************************************************************************

124
JACOBIANS
T T
T , y T T
+= = ,, ,, = -
y y -
, y y

Is called as Jacobians of u, v w.r.t. x and y
T T T

, , T T T
T , y , y y y
+= = = . y y y .
, ,
, ,

If = sin W cos / , = sin W sin / , = cos W show that

Is called as Jacobians of u, v and w w.r.t. x ,y and z
, ,
169.
= " sin W
, W , /
Solution:-

, W /,
, ,
=
, W , / W /
, ,
W /

= sin W cos / = sin W cos / , = sin W cos / = cos W cos /
W W

= sin W cos / = sin W sin / , = sin W sin / = sin W sin /
/ /

= sin W sin / = cos W sin / , = sin W sin / = sin W cos /
W W / /

= cos W = cos W , = cos W = sin W , = cos W = 0
W W / /
, , sin W cos / cos W cos / sin W sin /

= . sin W sin / cos W sin / sin W cos / .
, W , /
cos W sin W 0
, , cos W sin / sin W cos / sin W sin / sin W cos /
= sin W cos / - - cos W cos / - -
, W , / sin W 0 cos W 0
sin W sin / cos W sin /
+ sin W sin / - -
cos W sin W

125
, ,
= sin W cos / 0 + " sin" W cos / cos W cos / 0 sin W cos W cos /
, W , /
sin W sin / sin" W sin / cos" W sin /
, ,
= " sin' W cos " / + " sin W cos" W cos " / + " sin' W sin" / + " sin W cos" W sin" /
, W , /
, ,
= " sin' W sin" / + cos" / + " sin W cos" W sin" / + cos" /
, W , /
, ,
= " sin' W + " sin W cos " W = " sin W sin" W + cos" W
, W , /
, ,
= " sin" W
, W , /
If + + = T , + = Ty , = Ty Sy

, ,
170.
= T" y 2011
T , y ,

Solution:-
T y
, , , ,
=
T , y ,
,T y ,

T y
+ + = T = T = T + = T Ty

= T Ty = 1 y , = T Ty = T, = T Ty = 0
T T y y
+ = Ty = Ty = Ty Ty

= Ty Ty = y y , = Ty Ty = T T, = Ty Ty = Ty
T T y y

= Ty = y, = Ty = T, = Ty = Ty
T T y y
, , 1y T 0
= .y y T T Ty .
T , y ,
y T Ty
, , T T Ty y y Ty y y T T
= 1 y - - T - - + 0 - -
T , y , T Ty y Ty y T
, ,
= 1 y T" y T" y + T" y + T Ty " Ty " + Ty " + 0
T , y ,
, ,
= T" y T" y " + T" y " = T" y
T , y ,
= cos W sin , = sin W sin , = : cos 2007, 2008, 2012

171. Evaluate Jacobian of transformation for
Solution:-

126

, W ,
, ,
=
, W , W
, ,

W

= cos W sin = cos W sin , = cos W sin = sin W sin
W W

= cos W sin = cos W cos , = sin W sin = sin W sin

= sin W sin = cos W sin , = sin W sin = sin W cos
W W

= : cos = : cos , = : cos = 0 , = : cos = : sin
W W
, , cos W sin sin W sin cos W cos

= . sin W sin cos W sin sin W cos .
, W ,
: cos 0 : sin
, , cos W sin sin W cos sin W sin sin W cos

= cos W sin - - sin W sin - -
, W , 0 : sin : cos : sin
sin W sin cos W sin
+ cos W cos - -
: cos 0
, ,
= cos W sin : " :W sin" 0 + sin W sin : sin W sin" : sin W cos"
, W ,
+ cos W cos 0 : cos W cos sin
, ,
= : " sin' cos " W : " sin" W sin' : " sin" W sin cos " : " cos " W cos" sin
, W ,
, ,
= : " sin' sin" W + cos" W : " sin cos" sin" W + cos" W
, W ,
, ,
= : " sin' : " sin cos" = : " sin sin" + cos"
, W ,
, ,
== : " sin
, W ,
, = Sy , , =4
, ,
If = , =

172.

Solution:-
T y ,
, , ,
=
T , y ,
,T y ,

T y

127
y T 0 y 1 y y T y 0 T
= 7 9= = " , = 7 9 = = "
T T T T " T y y T T" T
y T y y 0 Ty T y T 0 y
= 7 9= = " , = 7 9= = "
T T" T T T y y" y
T y 0 T 1 T T y T T 0 Ty
= 7 9= = " , = 7 9= = "
y y y y" y y y" y
Ty y Ty 0 y Ty T Ty 0 T
= 7 9= = " , = 7 9= = "
T T " y y "
Ty 0 Ty 1 Ty
= 7 9= = "
"
y T Ty
"
T T" T"
, , , y T Ty ,
= "
T , y , , y " y y" ,
y T Ty
"
" "
T Ty y Ty y T
, , y y " " T
y , 7 9,y " Ty
y , + 7 9 ,y
" "
"
y
= 7 " 9 , T Ty y Ty " y T ,
T , y , T " T "
" T
" " " "
, , y T y T y
" "
T Ty Ty
" "
Ty Ty "
Ty "
= 7 " 9 j " " " " k " j " " " " k + " j " " + " " k
T , y , T y y T y y T y y
, , T y
" " "
T y
" " "
=2 " " "+2 " " " =4
T , y , T y T y
, , , T, y = 0 % " , , T, y = 0 are implicit function of u and v are function of x and y then
JACOBIANS OF IMPLICITY FUNCTION
, "
T, y ,
= 1"
, , "
T, y
To determine the partial derivatives , , , using Jacobians

, "
T , y , "
= 0
, " T, y
T, y
, "
T , y , "
= 0
, " T, y
T, y
, "
y T, , "
= 0
, " T, y
T, y
, "
y T, , "
= 0
, " T, y
T, y
T, y T, y ,
173. If u and v are function of r, s. where r, s are function of x and y then
=
, , ,
Proof:- To prove that

128
T, y T, y ,
=
, , ,
T, y ,
. . =
, ,
T T

. . = , , ,, ,
y y ,

T T T T
+ +

. . = ,, ,
y y y y ,
+ +

T T T
Since u and v are function of r, s. where r, s are function of x and y then
= +

T T T
= +

y y y
= +

y y y
= +

T T
T, y
. . = ,, ,, = = . .
y y ,

T, y T, y ,
= Sy
, , ,
+ is the Jacobian of u and v w.r.t. x and y and +" is the Jacobian of x and y w.r.t. u and v then
+ +" = 1 i.e.
174.
T, y ,
=1
, T, y
Proof:-
T, y ,
To prove that
=1
, T, y
T, y ,
. . =
, T, y
T T

T y
. . = , ,
y y

T y
T T T T
+ +
T T y y
. . = ,, ,
y y y y ,
+ +
T T y y
T = T ,
Differentiate partially both sides w.r.t. u and v to both sides

129
T T
1= +
T T
T T
0= +
y y
y = y ,
y y
Differentiate partially both sides w.r.t. u and v to both sides
0= +
T T
y y
1= +
y y
1 0
. . = - - = 1 0 = 1 = . . .
0 1
T, y ,
+ +" = 1 0 = 1 Sy
, T, y
Show if T' + y ' = + , T" + y " = ' + ' %
T, y 1 " "
175.
= 2012
, 2 Ty T y
T' + y ' = + T' + y ' = 0

Solution:-
, , T, y = T' + y ' 1
T" + y " = ' + ' T" + y " ' ' = 0
" , , T, y = T" + y " ' ' .2
, "
T, y ,
= 1"
, , "
T, y

, "
= ,, ,,
, " "

" "
Differentiate equation 1 and 2 partially w.r.t. x and y we get
= 1 , = 1 , = 3 " , = 3 "

, " 1 1
=1 1 = 3 " 3 " = 3 " "
, 3 "
3 "

, "
= , T y ,
T, y " "
T y
" "
Differentiate equation 1 and 2 partially w.r.t. u and v we get
= 3T" , = 3y " , = 2T , = 2y
T y T y
, "
= 13T 3y 1 = 6T" y 6Ty " = 6Ty T y
" "
T, y 2T 2y
T, y 3 " " " "
= 1" =
, 6Ty T y 2Ty T y
176. If T = + " + ' + ) , T T" = " + ' + ) , T T" T' = ' + ) ,

130
, " , ' , )
T T" T' T) = ) = T' . T"" . T' 2008
T , T" , T' , T)
T = + " + ' + ) T " ' ) = 0 = T " ' ) = 0 . .1

Solution:-
T T" = " + ' + ) T T" " ' ) = 0 " = T T" " ' ) = 0 . .2
T T" T' = ' + ) T T" T' ' ) = 0 ' = T T" T' ' ) = 0 .3
T T" T' T) = ) T T" T' T) ) = 0 ) = T T" T' T) ) = 0 4
, " , ' , ) " ' )
=
T , T" , T' , T) T T" T' T)
, " , ' , )
= 1 T T T" T T" T' = T' . T"" . T'
T , T" , T' , T)
If T + y + = ' + ' + ' , T" + y " + " = " + " + " ,
T' + y ' + ' = + +
177.
T, y,
= 2013
, , T y y T
T + y + = ' + ' + ' T + y + ' ' ' = 0

Solution:-
= T + y + ' ' ' = 0

T" + y " + " = " + " + " T" + y " + " " " " = 0
" = T" + y " + " " " " = 0
T' + y ' + ' = + + T' + y ' + ' = 0
' = T' + y ' + ' = 0
, " , '
T, y, , ,
= 1'
, , , " , '
T, y ,

, , 3 " 3 " 3 "
, " , ' " " "
= = . 2 2 2 .
, ,
, , 1 1 1
' ' '

, " , '
= 3 " 2 2 3 " 2 2 + 3 " 2 2
, ,
, " , '
= 3 " 2 2 + 3 " 2 2 3 " 2 2
, ,
, " , '
= 6J " + " " K
, ,
, " , '
= 6J " + " " " + " K
, ,
, " , '
= 6J " + " " K
, ,
, " , '
= 6J " + + K
, ,
, " , '
= 6 J " + + K
, ,

131
, " , '
= 6 J K
, ,
, " , '
= 6 = 6
, ,

T y
, " , ' ," " " , 1 1 1
= = . 2T 2y 2 .
T, y ,
, T y , 3T" 3y " 3 "
' ' '
T y
, " , '
= 6y 6y " 6T " + 6T" + 6Ty " 6T" y
"
T, y ,
, " , '
= 6Jy " y " T " + T" + Ty " T" yK
T, y ,
, " , '
= 6Jy y T " y " + T" yK
T, y ,
, " , '
= 6Jy y T y + y + T" yK
T, y ,
, " , '
= 6 yJy T + y + T" K = 6 y y T Ty + T"
T, y ,
, " , '
= 6 yJy T T TK = 6 y T y T
T, y ,
, " , '
= 6 T y y T
T, y ,
T, y, 6
= 1' =
, , 6 T y y T T y y T
178. If T' + y + = + " + " , T + y ' + = " + + " ,
T + y + ' = " + " + = "
' ; ; ; "; ; ;
, ,
) v
, ,
Prove that
Solution:-
T' + y + = + " + " T' + y + " " = 0
= T' + y + " " = 0
T + y ' + = " + + " T + y ' + " " = 0
" = T + y ' + " " = 0
T + y + ' = " + " + T + y + ' " " = 0
' = T + y + ' " " = 0
, " , '
T, y, , ,
= 1'
, , , " , '
T, y ,

132

, , 1 2 2
, " , ' " " "
= =.2 1 2.
, , 2 2 1
, ,
' ' '

, " , '
= 1 1 4 2 2 4 2 4 2
, ,
, " , '
= 1 + 4 + 4 8 8 + 4
, ,
, " , '
= 1 + 4 + + 16
, ,
, " , '
= J1 4 + + + 16K
, ,

T y ,
, " , ' ," " " 3T" 1 1
= =. 1 3y " 1 .
T, y ,
, T y ,
1 1 3 "
' ' '
T y
, " , '
= 3T" 9y " " 1 1 3 " 1 + 1 1 3y "
T, y ,
, " , '
= 27T" y " " 3T" 3 " + 1 + 1 3y "
T, y ,
, " , '
= 2 3 T" +y " + " + 27T" y " "
T, y ,
T, y, J1 4 + + + 16K
= 1'
, , 2 3 T" +y " + " + 27T" y " "
T, y, 1 4 + + + 16
=
, , 2 3 T" +y " + " + 27T" y " "
If " + " + T" y " = 0 , Ty + = 0 , % ,

,
179.
= " + " + T" y " = 0 % " = Ty + = 0

Solution:-
, "
Let
T, y ,
= 1"
, , "
T, y

, "
= ,, ,
, " " ,

Differentiate equation 1 and 2 partially w.r.t. x and y we get

133
" "
= 2 , = 2 , = , =

, " 2 2
=1 1 = 2 " 2 " = 2 " "
,

, "
= , T y ,
T, y " "
T y
" "
Differentiate equation 1 and 2 partially w.r.t. u and v we get
= 2T , = 2y , = y , = T
T y T y
, " 2T 2y
=- - = 2T" 2y " = 2 T" + y "
T, y y T
T, y 2 " " " "
= 1" =
, 2 T" + y " T" + y "
For the transformation = cos y , = sin y show that
++ = 1 2012
180.

Solution:-
,
+= = ,T y ,
T, y
T y

= cos y , = sin y , = sin y , = cos y
T y T y
, cos y sin y

+= =- - = " cos" y + " sin" y
T, y sin y cos y
,
+= = " cos" y + sin" y = "
T, y
T T
T , y
+ = = ,, ,
, y y ,

= cos y 1 % = sin y . .2
+ = cos y + " sin" y " + " = " cos" y + sin" y = "

"
Squaring and adding equation 1 and 2
" " "
" + " = " 3
1
log " + " = 2T T = log " + "

2
T 1 2 T 1 2
= = " , = = "
2 + " " + " 2 + " " + "
sin y

%2 %1 = tan y = y = tan
7 9
cos y
y 1 "
= 7 9= " 7 " 9 = "
" + " + "
1+ "

y 1 " 1
= 7 9= " [ \ =

" + " " + "
1+ "

134

T , y +" " + "
" " "
+ = =, , = +
, " " + " " " + " "
+ " +
" "
T , y + "
"
1 1
+ = = " = " = " %. 3
, + " " + "
1
++ = " " = 1

181. Show that ++ = 1 + = 2 O cos , = 2 O sin 2013

Solution:-
, W
+= =,
W, ,
W
+ = 2 cos .1 ,
O
= 2 O sin 2
%. 1 + %2 2 = 2 O cos + sin = O cos + sin = O Q
%. 1 %2 2 = 2 O cos + sin = O cos sin = O
Q

= O Q , = O Q , = O
Q , = O
Q
W W

,
= 1 O
Q O Q 1
O Q
+=
W, O
Q
,
+= = "O n "O n = 2 "O
W,
W W
W , ,
+ = = ,,
, ,

O Q

= O
Q = "Q log [ \ = logX "Q Y log log = 2 log

1
log log = 2 = log log
2
1 1
= =
2 2
= X O Q YX O
Q Y = "O log = log "O log + log = 2W
1
W = log + log
2
W 1 1
= =
2 2
1 1
W , 2 2 1 1 2 1 1
+ = = ,, ,, = = = =
, 1 1 4 4 4 2 2 "O

2 2
1
++ = X2 "O Y [ \=1
2 "O

135
Show that ++ = 1 for the transformation = Ty , = 2011

182.

Solution:-
,
+= = ,T y ,
T, y
T y
T 1 T T
= Ty = y , = Ty = T , = 7 9 = , = 7 9= "
T T y y T T y y y y y y
, y T T T T
+= = 21 T 2 = = 2
T, y y y" y y y
T T
T , y
+ = = ,, ,
, y y ,

T
= Ty .1 , = . .2
y
Equation 1 2 = Ty = T"

T T T T
2T = = , 2T = =
2T 2T
Equation 1 2 = Ty = y "

y 1 y 1 y y
2y = = , 2y = " =
2y 2y "

T , y 2T 2T
+ = =, 1 ,= = 2 =
, 4Ty 4Ty 4Ty 2Ty
2y 2y "
T y " y T y
++ = 72 9 [ \= = = =1
y 2Ty Ty T y T
183. For the transformation = sec T , = tan T show that ++ = 1

2009, 2014
Solution:-

,
+= = ,T y ,
T, y
T y

= sec T tan T , = sec T , = sec " T , = tan T
T y T y
, sec T tan T sec T
+= =- - = " sec T tan" T " sec ' T
T, y sec " T tan T
,
+= = " sec T sec " T 1 " sec ' T = " sec ' T " sec T " sec ' T
T, y
,
+= = " sec T
T, y

136
T T
T , y
+ = = ,, ,
, y y ,

= sec T . .1 ,

= tan T 2
Equation 1 2 = = cosec T
l 3 A4E
l 3 C
T 1 T 1 T 1
::T cot T = = =
::T cot T tan T ::T cot T
T 1
=
::T
T T cosec T T 1
::T cot T = " = =
tan T ::T cot T
" " = " sec " T " tan" T

Squaring and subtracting equation 2 from equation 1
" " = " 1 + tan" T tan" T

= log " " = log " log " " = 2y
" " "
1
y = log " "
2
y 1 2 y y sec T y sec T
= = = = ,
2 " " " " "
y 1 2 y y tan T y tan T
= = " = =
2 " " " "
1 1
T , y
+ = = , sec ::T , = tan T sec T
, T tan T " ::T "

T , y 1 sec T
+ = = " sin" T sec T sec T = " cos" T
,
T , y cos T 1
+ = = " = "
, sec T
1
++ = " sec T [ " \=1
sec T
184. If = y " + " , = " + T" , = T" + y " , show that ++ = 1

Solution:-
T y
, , , , 0 2y 2
= = .2T 0 2 .
T , y ,
,T y , 2T 2y 0

T y
, ,
= 0 2y 0 4T + 2 4Ty 0 = 8Ty + 8Ty
T , y ,
, ,
= 16Ty
T , y ,
, " , '
T, y, , ,
+ = =
, , , " , '
T, y ,
= y + , " = + T ,
" " " "
' = T" + y "
137

, , 1 0 0
, " , ' " " "
= = . 0 1 0 . = 1
, ,
, 0 0 1
' ' ' ,

T y
, " , ' ," " " , 0 2y 2
= = .2T 0 2 .
T, y ,
, T y , 2T 2y 0
' ' '
T y
, " , '
= 0 2y 0 4T + 2 4T% 0 = 8Ty + 8Ty
T, y ,
, " , '
= 16Ty
T, y ,
T, y, 1
+ = =
, , 16Ty
1
++ = 16Ty [ \=1
16Ty
Let , , T, y = 0 % " , , T, y = 0

PARTIAL DERIVATIVES OF IMPLICITY FUNCTION BY USING JACOBIAN
To determine , , , by using the following Jacobians

, "
T , y , "
= 0
, " T, y
T, y
, "
T , y , "
= 0
, " T, y
T, y
, "
y T, , "
= 0
,
" T, y
T, y
, "
y T, , "
= 0
, " T, y
T, y
If T = + " , y = + " , = + " % % 2010

185.
, " , '
Solution:-
T, ,
=
T , " , '
, ,
= + " T , " = + " y , ' = + "

138

T
, , 1 2 0
, " , ' " " "
= =. 0 1 2.
T, , T
, , 0 0 2
' ' '
T
, " , '
= 1 2 0 2 0 + 0 = 2
T, ,

, , 1 2 0
, " , ' " " "
= = .0 1 2.
, ,
, , 1 0 2
' ' '

, " , '
= 1 2 0 2 0 2 + 0 = 2 + 4
, ,
, " , '
= 2 1 + 2
, ,
2 1
= =
T 2 1 + 2 1 + 2
186. Given = T + y + , = T + y " + " , = T' + y ' + ' show that
"
=

2011

, " , '
Solution:-
T , y ,
=
, " , '
T, y , y
= T + y + , " = T + y + " ,
" "
' = T' + y ' + '

y
, " , ' ," " " , 1 1 1
= =. 0 2y 2 .
, y ,
, y , 0 3y " 3 "
' ' '
y
, " , '
= 1 6y " 6y " 1 0 0 + 1 0 0
, y ,
, " , '
= 6y y
, y ,

T y
, " , ' ," " " , 1 1 1
= = . 2T 2y 2 .
T, y ,
, T y , 3T" 3y " 3 "
' ' '
T y
, " , '
= 1 6y " 6y " 1 6T " 6T" + 1 6Ty " 6T" y
T, y ,
, " , '
= 6y " 6y " 6T " + 6T" + 6Ty " 6T" y
T, y ,

139
, " , '
= 6y y + 6T y " " 6T" y
T, y ,
, " , '
= 6y y + 6T y y + 6T" y
T, y ,
, " , '
= 6 y y + Ty + T T"
T, y ,
, " , '
= 6 y Jy T T T K
T, y ,
, " , '
= 6 y T y T = 6 y T T y
T, y ,
T 6y y y
= =
6 y T T y T T y
If T = , y = " + " + " , = + + , %

187.
, " , '
Solution:-
T, ,
=
T , " , '
, ,
= T , " = " + " + " y , ' = + +

T
, , 1
, " , ' " " "
= = . 0 2 2 .
T, , T
, , 0 1 1
' ' '
T
, " , '
= 1 2 2 0 + 0 = 2
T, ,

, ,
, " , ' " " "
= = 22 2 2 2
, , 1 1 1
, ,
' ' '

, " , '
= 2 2 2 2 + 2 2
, ,
, " , '
= 2J " + " + " " K
, ,
, " , '
= 2J " + " " K
, ,
, " , '
= 2J " + + K
, ,
, " , '
= 2 J " + + K
, ,
, " , '
= 2 J K = 2
, ,
, " , '
= 2
, ,

140
, " , ' 2 1
= =
, , 2
If T = + " , y = + " , = + " % % , 2010
;

188.
, " , '
Solution:-
T, ,
=
T , " , '
, ,
= + T , " = + " y ,
"
' = + "

T
, , 1 2 0
, " , ' " " "
= =. 0 1 2.
T, , T
, , 0 0 1
' ' '
T
, " , '
= 1 1 0 2 0 + 0 = 1
T, ,

, , 1 2 0
, " , ' " " "
= =.0 1 2.
, ,
, , 2 0 1
' ' '

, " , '
= 1 1 0 2 0 4 + 0 = 1 + 8
, ,
1 1
= =
T 1 + 8 1 + 8

"
1
= [ \= [ \
yT y T y 1 + 8
" 1 8
= 1 + 8 =
yT 1 + 8" y 1 + 8" y
" 8
= H + + I
yT 1 + 8 " y y y
, " , '
, , y
=
y , " , '
, ,

y
, , 1 2 0
, " , ' " " "
= =.0 1 1. = 1 0 2 0 + 2 + 0 = 4
, , y y
, , 2 0 0
' ' '
y
4 4
= =
y 1 + 8 1 + 8

141
, " , '
, y ,
=
y , " , '
, ,

y
, " , ' ," " " , 1 0 0
= = . 0 1 2. = 1
, y ,
, y , 2 0 1
' ' '
y
1 1
= =
y 1 + 8 1 + 8
, " , '
y, ,
=
y , " , '
, ,

, , 0 2 0
, " , ' " " "
= = .1 1 2. = 2
, ,
, , 0 0 1
' ' '

2 2
= =
y 1 + 8 1 + 8
" 8 4 1 2
= H [ \ + [ \ + [ \I
yT 1 + 8" 1 + 8 1 + 8 1 + 8
" 8 8 4 " " + + 2 "
= 4
" "
+ + 2 "
=
yT 1 + 8' 1 + 8'
FUNCTIONAL DEPENDENCE
Let u and v are functions of x and y then u and v are functionally dependence if
T , y
=0
,
Let u, v and w are functions of x, y and z then u, v and w are functionally dependence if
T , y,
=0
, ,
Let u and v are functions of x, y and z then u and v are functionally dependence if
= 0, , = 0 and , = 0
, , ,
,
If the functions are functionally dependence then we find the relation between them by eliminating the
independent variables x , y and z
+
189. Are the following functions functionally dependence? If so find relation between them
T= , y = tan
+ tan
2007, 2008, 2009 2013
1
T , y
Solution:- since u and v are functionally dependence if
=0
,

142
T T
T , y
= ,, ,
, y y ,

T + T 1 + + 1
= [ \ =
1 1 "
T 1 1 + T 1 + + " T 1 + "
= = =
1 " 1 " 1 "

T + T 1 + + 1
= [ \ =
1 1 "
T 1 1 + T 1 + + " T 1 + "
= = =
1 " 1 " 1 "
y T 1
= tan
+ tan
=
1 + "
y y 1
= tan
+ tan
=
1 + "
1+ "
1+ "
T , y 1 1 " ,
" 1 1
= ,, , = =0
, 1 1 1 " 1 "
1 + " 1 + "
+
The given functions u and v are functionally dependence
T= . .1 , y = tan
+ tan
.2
1
From equation 2 let tan
= < % tan
= 5 y = < + 5
= tan < % = tan 5
tan < + tan 5
T= T = tan < + 5 T = tan y
1 tan < tan 5
This is required relation between u and v
T = sin
+ sin
, y = G1 " + G1 "
T , y
=0
,
T T
T , y
= ,, ,
, y y ,

T T 1
= sin
+ sin
=
1 "
T T 1
= sin
+ sin
=
G1 "
y y
= 7G1 " + G1 " 9 = 7G1 " 9 + 7G1 " 9

y 2 y
= [ \ + G1 " = + G1 "
21 " 1 "

143
y y 2
= 7G1 " + G1 " 9 = G1 " + j k
2G1 "
y
= G1 "
G1 "
1 1
T , y , 1 " G1 " ,
= , ,
, G1
+ G1 " "
1 " G1 "
T , y
=1 + 1=0
, G1 " 1 " G1 " 1 "
y = G1 " + G1 " .2

T = sin
+ sin
. .1 ,
From equation 2 let sin = < % sin
= 5 T = < + 5

= sin < % = sin 5

y = G1 " + G1 "
y = sin 5 G1 sin" < + sin < G1 sin" 5
y = sin 5 :< + sin < cos 5 y = sin < + 5 y = sin T
T = G1 " + G1 " , y = G 1 " 1 " 2008

T , y
=0
,
T T
T , y
= ,, ,
, y y ,

T T
= 7G1 " + G1 " 9 = 7G1 " 9 + 7G1 " 9

T 2 T
= [ \ + G1 " = + G1 "
21 " 1 "
T T 2
= 7G1 " + G1 " 9 = G1 " + j k
2G1 "
T
= G1 "
G1 "
y y
= 7G 1 " 1 " 9 = 7G 1 " 1 " 9

y J 1 1 K y 2 1 "
" "
= =
2G 1 " 1 " 2G 1 " 1 "
y 1 "
=
G 1 " 1 "
y y
= 7G 1 " 1 " 9 = 7G 1 " 1 " 9


144

y J 1 1 K
" "
y 2 1 "
= =
2G 1 " 1 " 2G 1 " 1 "
y 1 "
=
G 1 " 1 "

[ + G1 " \ jG1 " k
T , y , 1 " G1 " ,
=
, , 1 " 1 " ,
j k j k
G 1 " 1 " G 1 " 1 "
T , y " " " "
= G1 " + G1 " + G1 " + G1 "
, G1 " 1 " 1 " G1 "
T , y
=0
,
T = G1 " + G1 " . .1 , y = G 1 " 1 " .2

"
"
T" + y " = ]G1 " + G1 " ^ + ]G 1 " 1 " ^
T" + y " = " 1 " + 2G1 " G1 " + " 1 " + 1 " 1 " 2G1 " G1 "
+ ""
T" + y " = " " " + " " " + 1 " " + " " + " "
T" + y " = 1
+
T= , y= 2009
+
T , y
=0
,
T T
T , y
= ,, ,
, y y ,

T T + +
= [ \ =
+ + "
T + 1 1 T + + T 2
= = =
+ " + " + "

T T + +
= [ \ =
+ + "
T + 1 1 T + T 2
= = =
+ " + " + "
y + y y
= [ \ = =
" "
y + y 1
= [ \ =

145
2 2
T , y + + "
" 2 2
=, ,= =0
, 1 + " + "
"
+
T= . .1 , y= .2
+

1
From equation 1 and 2

T= , y =1+ =y1
1+
1 y 1 1y+1 2y 2 y 2
T= T= T= T = T+1=
1 + y 1 1+y1 y y y y
This the required relation between u and v

T= , y=
+
T , y
=0
,
T T
T , y
= ,, ,
, y y ,

T T + +
= [ \ =
+ + "
T + 1 1 T + + T 2
= = =
+ " + " + "

T T + +
= [ \ =
+ + "
T + 1 1 T + T 2
= = =
+ " + " + "
y y + y
= 7 9 = =
" "
y y 1
= 7 9 =

2 2
T , y + " + " 2 2
=, ,= + =0
, 1 + " + "

"

T= . .1 , y= .2
+

1

T= , y =1 =1y
1+

146
1 1 y 11+y y y y y
T= T= T= T = T+1=
1 + 1 y 1+1y 2y 2 y 2
+
T= , y=
+ +
T , y T , y T , y
= 0, = 0 and =0
, , ,
T T
T , y
= ,, ,
, y y ,

T T + +
= 7 9 =
+ + "
T + 1 1 T + + T +
= = =
+ " + " + "

T T + +
= 7 9 =
+ + "
T + 1 0 T T
= = =
+ " + " + "
y + y + 1 0 y 1
= [ \ = =
+ + " +
y + y + 0 + 1 y +
= [ \ = =
+ + " + "
+
T , y + " + " +
=, 1 + ,=
, + + " + + "

+ + "
T , y + +
= + =0
, + + " + + "
T T
T , y
= ,, ,
, y y ,

T T + +
= 7 9 =
+ + "
T + 1 0 T + T 1
= = =
+ " + " +

T T + +
= 7 9 =
+ + "
T + 0 1 T
= =
+ " + "
y + y + 0 + 1 y +
= [ \ = =
+ + " + "

147
y + y + 1 + 1 y
= [ \ = =
+ + " + "
1

T , y + + "
=, + ,=
, + + + " +
"

+ " + "
T , y + +
= =0
, + " +
T T
T , y
= , ,
, y y

T T + +
= 7 9 =
+ + "
T + 1 1 T + + T +
= = =
+ " + " + "
y + y + 1 0 y 1
= [ \ = =
+ + " +

T T + +
= 7 9 =
+ + "
T + 0 1 T
= =
+ " + "
y + y + 1 + 1 y
= [ \ = =
+ + " + "
+ 1
T , y + " + ,
=, = +
, + + " + + "

+ +
" "
T , y +
= =0
, + + "
+
T= . .1 , y= .2
+ +
+ + + +
T= T= T =1
+ + +
1 1
T = 1 T + = 1
y y
+ + + +
T= , y= , = 2007

Solution:- since u, v and w are functionally dependence if

148
T T T

, ,
T , y , y y y
= =0
, ,
, ,

T + 1 T + 1 T + +

= [ \ = , = [ \ = , = [ \= "

y + + y + 1 y + 1
= [ \ = " , = [ \ = , = [ \=

+ + + + + +
" "
= U V =
""
+ " + " " +
= = =
"" "" ""
+
=
"

+ + + +
" "
+ +
= U V =
""
+ 2 + + " + 0 " + 2 + "
= =
"" ""
+ 2 + + 2 +
= =
""

+ + + + + +
" "
= U V =
""
+ " + " "
= =
"" ""
+ +
= =

" " "
1 1 +
"

T , y , , + 1 1 ,
= "
, , , ,
+ + 2 + +

" "
T , y ,
=0
, ,
The function u, v and w are functionally dependence
+ + + + " +
To find the relation between them
Ty = [ \[ \ Ty =

+ " + + +
Ty = + Ty = +1

Ty = + 1 Ty 1 = 0
This is the required relation between u , v , and w

149
T = + + , y = " + " + " 2 2 2 , = ' + ' + ' 3
T T T
Solution:- since u, v and w are functionally dependence if

, ,
T , y , y y y
= =0
, ,
, ,

T T T
= + + = 1 , = + + = 1 , = + + = 1

y "
= + " + " 2 2 2 = 2 2 2 ,

y "
= + " + " 2 2 2 = 2 2 2 ,

y
= " + " + " 2 2 2 = 2 2 2

'
= + ' + ' 3 = 3 " 3

'
= + ' + ' 3 = 3 " 3

= ' + ' + ' 3 = 3 " 3

1 1 1
T , y ,
= 62 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 6
, ,
3 " 3 3 " 3 3 " 3
#SS, :" :" : % :' :' :
1 0 0
T , y ,
= 62 2 2 4 4 4 4 6
, ,
3 " 3 3 " + 3 " 3 + 3 3 " + 3 " 3 + 3
T , y ,
= 4 J3 + 3 K 4 J3 + 3 K
, ,
T , y ,
= 12 + + + 12 + +
, ,
T , y ,
= 12 + + 12 + +
, ,
T , y ,
=0
, ,
The function u, v and w are functionally dependence
= + + 3 = + + " + " + "

To find the relation between them
' ' '
= T " + " + " 2 + 2 + 2 +

= TJ " + " + " 2 2 2 + + + K
= T y + + +
T = + + Squaring both sides
T" = + + " T" = " + " + " + 2 + 2 + 2
T" = " + " + " + 4 2 + 4 2 + 4 2
T" = " + " + " 2 2 2 + 4 + +
150
T" y
T = y + 4 + + + + =
"
4
T y
"
= T jy + k
4
This is the required relation between u , v , and w
+
T= , y= 2011
"
T , y
=0
,
T T
T , y
= ,, ,
, y y ,

T + T + +
= [ \ =
"
T 1 + 1 T T 2
= = =
" " "

T + T + +
= [ \ =
"
T 1 + 1 T + + T 2
= = =
" " "
y y " 2 y " 2
= H I = =
" ) )
y "
+
=
' '
y y " + 2
= H I =
" )
y " + 2 y +
= =
) '
2 2

T , y " " 2 + 2 +
= ,, ,= + =0
, + + , d d

' '
+
T= . .1 , y= .2
"
+ " + 2 + " " + 4 2 + "

Squaring equation 1 to both sides
"
T" = , T "
= T "
=
" " "
+ 4
" "

T" = T" = +4 T" = 1 + 4y
" " "

151
between them T = + , y = + 2 " , = 4 2 "

198. Verify whether the following functions are functionally dependant and if so find the relation
S2010
Solution:-
T T T
Since u, v and w are functionally dependence if

, ,
T , y , y y y
= =0
, ,
, ,

T T T
= + = 0 , = + = 1 , = + = 1

y y y
= + 2 " = 1 , = + 2 " = 0 , = + 2 " = 4

= 4 2 " =1

= 4 2 " = 4 4

= 4 2 " = 4

T , y , 0 1 1
= .1 0 4 .
, , 1 4 4 4
T , y ,
= 1 4 4 + 1 4 4
, ,
T , y ,
= 4 + 4 4 4 = 0
, ,
= 4 2 2 + 2 = + 2 " 2 " + 2 + "

To find the relation between u, v and w
" " "
= + 2 " 2 + " = y 2T"
between them T = + , y = + , =
199. Verify whether the following functions are functionally dependant and if so find the relation
W2010
Solution:-
T T
T
Since u, v and w are functionally dependence if

, ,
T , y , y y
y
= =0
, ,

, ,

T T
= J + K = 0 + + 1 = +

T T
= J + K = 1 + + 0 =

T T
= J + K = 1 + + 0 =


152
y y
= J + K = 1 + + 0 =

y y
= J + K = 0 + + 1 = +

y
= J + K 1 + + 0 =

= J K = 1 + 0 =

= J K = + 0 =

= J K = 0 + 1 =

T , y , +
=. + . : : :"
, ,
T , y , +
= . + . :' :' :
, ,
T , y , + 0
= . + .
, , +
T , y ,
= " + + + " + " + + + " + "
, ,
T , y ,
= " + + " + " + + " "
, ,
T , y ,
= " " + " + " " + " " + " " + " ' + '
, ,
T , y ,
=0
, ,
he given functions u and v are functionally dependence
T y = + + T y = +
To find the relation between u, v and w
T y = T y = T y =
MAXIMA AND MINIMA
+ , + , , does have the same sign for all small values of h and k and if
Definition of maxima and minima:- The basic definition of maxima and minima is define as
+ , + , < 0 , then , has maxima and + , + , > 0 then ,

has minima
To find %
Let u be the given function of two independent variables x and y then

To find the values of x and y by solving the equations = 0 % = 0

Let the value of = % = then the pair # , is called as stationary point
To find ; , % ;
; ; ;

which is denoted by letters r, s and t
"T "T "T
=
, = % =
" "
If < 0 % " > 0 then the function u has maxima at the pair # ,
If > 0 % " > 0 then the function u has minima at the pair # ,

153
if " < 0 then the function u has no maxima and no minima at point # , and the point is called as
if " = 0 then the case is doubtful in this case we use the basic definition of maxima and minima
saddle point
200. Find the maximum and minimum value of ' + 3 " 3 " 3 " + 4
S2010, W2010
Let T = ' + 3 " 3 " 3 " + 4

Solution:-
T ' T
= + 3 " 3 " 3 " + 4 = 3 " + 3 " 6

T ' T
= + 3 " 3 " 3 " + 4 = 6 6

To find the value of x and y by solving the equations
= 3 " + 3 " 6 = 0 and = 6 6 = 0

" + 2 = 0 . .1 % = 0 .2
"
From equation 1 1 = 0 = 0
If = 0 " 2 = 0 2 = 0 = 0 = 2
The values of = 0, 1, 2
The stationary points are # 0 , 0 , R 2 , 0
T
"
T
= "= [ \= 3 " + 3 " 6 = 6 6

"T T
= = [ \= 3 " + 3 " 6 = 6

"T T
= "= [ \= 6 6 = 6 6

At point # 0 , 0
= 6 , = 0 , = 6
If = 6 < 0 % = 36 > 0 u has maxima at point # 0 , 0and the maximum value is
"
T2 = ' + 3 " 3 " 3 " + 49 n ,n = 4

At point R 2 , 0
= 6 , = 0 , =6
If = 6 > 0 % " = 36 0 = 36 > 0 u has minima at point R 2 , 0
To find the minimum value of u at point R 2 , 0
T2Q = ' + 3 " 3 " 3 " + 4: " ,n = 8 12 + 4 = 0
201. Find the maximum and minimum value of " + 4 + 3 " + '
Let T = " + 4 + 3 " + '

Solution:-
T T
= " + 4 + 3 " + ' = 4 + 6 + 3 "

T T
= " + 4 + 3 " + ' = 2 + 4

= 4 + 6 + 3 " = 0 and
= 2 + 4 = 0

4 + 6 + 3 = 0 . .1 % 2 + 4 = 0 .2
"
From equation 2 2 = 4 = 2
Put in equation 1 8 + 6 + 3 " = 0 3 " 2 = 0 3 2 = 0

154
2
= 0 % 3 2 = 0 3 = 2 =
3
= 0 ST % % 2 2 = 0 = 0
If = ' ST % % 2 2 + ' = 0 2 = ' '
" i i )

" )
' '
"T T
= "= [ \= 4 + 6 + 3 " = 6 + 6

"T T
= = [ \= 4 + 6 + 3 " = 4

"T T
= "= [ \= 2 + 4 = 2

At point # 0 , 0
= 6 , = 4 , =2
If = 6 > 0 % = 12 14 < 0 u has maxima and no minima at point # 0 , 0
"
At point R 7' , '9

" )
= 10 , = 4 , =2
If = 10 > 0 % = 20 16 = 4 > 0 u has minima at point R 7' , '9
" " )
To find the minimum value of u at point R 7' , '9

" )
16 2 4 4 8 4
T2Q = " + 4 + 3 " + ' 4 +3 +
= =
9
" )
3 3
:7 ,
9
' ' 9 27 27
202. Find the maximum and minimum value of + 3 15 15 + 72
' " " "
W2013
Let T = ' + 3 " 15 " 15 " + 72

Solution:-
T T
= ' + 3 " 15 " 15 " + 72 = 3 " + 3 " 30 + 72

T ' T
= + 3 " 15 " 15 " + 72 = 6 30

= 3 " + 3 " 30 + 72 = 0 and = 6 30 = 0


3 " + 3 " 30 + 72 = 0 . .1 % 6 30 = 0 .2
From equation 2 6 5 = 0 6 = 0 = 0
Put in equation 1 3 " 30 + 72 = 0 " 10 + 24 = 0 4 6 = 3
= 4 % = 6
"T T
= "= [ \= 3 " + 3 " 30 + 72 = 6 30

"T T
= = [ \= 3 " + 3 " 30 + 72 = 6

"T T
= "= [ \= 6 30 = 6 30

At point # 4 , 0
= 6 , = 0 , = 6
If = 6 < 0 % = 36 0 > 0 u has maxima at point # 4 , 0
"

155
To find the maximum value of u at point # 4 , 0

T2 = ' + 3 " 15 " 15 " + 729 ) ,n = 64 240 + 292 = 112
At point R 6 , 0
= 6 , = 0 , =6
If = 6 > 0 % = 36 0 = 36 > 0 u has minima at point R 6 , 0
"
To find the minimum value of u at point R 6 , 0

T2Q = ' + 3 " 15 " 15 " + 72: v ,n = 108
203. Find the maximum and minimum value of ) + ) 2 " + 4 2 " S2014
Let T = ) + ) 2 " + 4 2 "

Solution:-
T ) T
= + ) 2 " + 4 2 " = 4 ' 4 + 4

T ) T
= + ) 2 " + 4 2 " = 4 ' + 4 4

= 4 ' 4 + 4 = 0 and
= 4 ' + 4 4 = 0

' + = 0 . .1 % ' + = 0 .2
Equation 1 + %. 2 ' + ' = 0 ' = ' =
Put in equation 1 ' + + = 0 ' + 2 = 0 2 " = 0
"
= 0 % ]X2Y " ^ = 0 = 0, 2 , 2
If = 0, 2 , 2 % = 0 , 2 , 2
The stationary points are # 0 , 0 , RX2 , 2Y % aX2 , 2Y
"T T
= "= [ \= 4 ' 4 + 4 = 12 " 4

"T T
= = [ \= 4 ' 4 + 4 = 4

"T T
= "= [ \= 4 ' + 4 4 = 12 " 4

At point # 0 , 0
= 4 , = 4 , = 4
If = 4 < 0 % = 16 16 = 0 by using the basic definition
"
+ , + , = 0 + ,0 + 0 , 0
, 0 , 0 + ) 2" + 4 2 " ) + ) 2 " 2 + "
)
) + ) 2 "
From this it is clear that if % + , + , < 0
= % + , + , > 0
+ , + , does have the same sign for very small values of h and k
The function u has no maxima and no minima at point # 0 , 0
At point RX2 , 2Y
= 20 , = 4 , = 20
If = 20 > 0 % = 400 16 = 384 > 0 u has minima at point RX2 , 2Y
"
To find the minimum value of u at point RX2 , 2Y

156
) ) "
T2Q = ) + ) 2 " + 4 2 " :X" ,
"Y = X2Y + X2Y 2X2Y + 4X2YX2Y 2X2Y
"
T2Q = 4 + 4 4 8 4 T2Q = 8
At point aX2 , 2Y
= 20 , = 4 , = 20
If = 20 > 0 % = 400 16 = 384 > 0 u has minima at point aX2 , 2Y
"
To find the minimum value of u at point aX2 , 2Y

) ) "
T2Q = ) + ) 2 " + 4 2 " ;X
" ,"Y = X2Y + X2Y 2X2Y + 4X2YX2Y 2X2Y
"
T2Q = 4 + 4 4 8 4 T2Q = 8
204. Find the maximum and minimum value of T = sin . sin . sin + S2013
Let T = sin . sin . sin +

Solution:-
T
= Jsin . sin . sin + K sin Jsin . sin + K

T
= sin Hsin cos + + + sin + cos I

T
= sin Jsin cos + 1 + 0 + sin + cos K

T
= sin Jsin cos + + sin + cos K

T T
= sin sin + + = sin sin 2 +

T
= Jsin . sin . sin + K sin Jsin . sin + K

T
= sin Jsin cos + + sin + cos K

T T
= sin sin + + = sin sin + 2

= sin sin 2 + = 0 and = sin sin + 2 = 0


sin sin 2 + = 0 . .1 % sin sin + 2 = 0 .2
sin = 0 , sin = 0 % sin 2 + = 0 , sin + 2 = 0
= 0 , = 0 % 2 + = 8 , + 2 = 8
8
= 8 2 + 2 8 2 = 8 + 28 4 = 8 3 = 8 =
3
8 8
=82 =
3 3
The stationary points are # 0 , 0 , R 7 ' , ' 9
N N
"T T
= = [ \= Jsin sin 2 + K = 2 sin cos 2 + + sin 2 + 0
"
= 2 sin cos 2 +
T
"
T
= = [ \= Jsin sin 2 + K

= sin cos 2 + + sin 2 + cos = sin 2 + 2
"T T
= "= [ \= Jsin sin + 2K = 2 sin cos + 2

157
At point # 0 , 0
= 2 , = 0 , =0
If = 2 > 0 % = 0 It is clear that the function u has no conclusion about maxima and minima that
"
the case for further investigation at point # 0 , 0

At point R 7 ' , ' 9
N N
8 8 8 23
= 2 sin cos 72 + 9 = cos 8 = 3
3 3 3 2
8 8 48 8 8 3
= sin 72 + 2 9 = sin = sin 78 + 9 = sin =
3 3 3 3 3 2
8 8 8
= 2 sin cos 7 + 2 9 = 3
3 3 3
"
If = 3 < 0 % " = 3 7 9 =) > 0 u has maxima at point R 7 ' , ' 9
' ` N N
"
R7 , 9
N N
' '
T2 = sin . sin . sin + :7N , N9
To find the maximum value of u at point
' '
8 8 8 8 3 3 28
T2 = sin . sin . sin 7 + 9 T2 = sin
3 3 3 3 2 2 3
3 8 3 8 3 3 33
T2 = sin 78 9 T2 = sin T2 = T2 =
4 3 4 3 4 2 8
+
205. Find the maximum and minimum value of
T = 2sin [ \ cos 7 9 + cos +
2 2
9 cos 7 " 9 + cos +

Solution:-

Let T = 2sin 7 "
Apply sin a + sin = 2 sin 7 9 cos 7 " 9 % cos # + R

;< ;
<
= cos # cos R sin # sin R
"
T = sin + sin + cos cos sin sin
T T
= Jsin + sin + cos cos sin sin K = cos sin cos cos sin

T T
= Jsin + sin + cos cos sin sin K = cos cos sin sin cos

= cos sin cos cos sin = 0 and

= cos cos sin sin cos = 0

cos sin cos cos sin = 0 . .1 %
cos cos sin sin cos = 0 .2
Equation 1%. 2 cos cos = 0 cos = cos =
Put = % % 2 cos cos sin sin cos = 0
cos 2 sin cos = 0 cos 1 2 sin = 0
8 1 8
cos = 0 % 1 2 sin = 0 = % sin = =
2 2 6
The stationary points are # 7 " , " 9 , R 7 v , v 9
N N N N
"T T
= = [ \= Jcos sin cos cos sin K
"
= sin cos cos + sin sin

158
"T T
= = [ \= Jcos sin cos cos sin K

= sin sin cos cos
T
"
T
= "= [ \= Jcos cos sin sin cos K

= sin cos cos + sin sin
At point # 7 , 9
N N
" "
= 0 , = 1 , =0
If = 0 1 = 1 < 0 It is clear that the function u has no maxima and no minima at point # 7 , 9
" N N
" "
At point R 7 , 9
N N
v v
8 8 8 8 8 1 3 3 1 1 1 3 1
= sin cos cos + sin sin = + = + = 1
6 6 6 6 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4
8 8 8 8 1 1 3 3 1
= sin sin cos cos = =
6 6 6 6 2 2 2 2 2
8 8 8 8 8 1 3 3 1 1 1 3 1
= sin cos cos + sin sin = + = + = 1
6 6 6 6 6 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4
"
If = 1 < 0 % " = 1 7 "9 = ) > 0 u has maxima at point R 7 v , v 9
' N N
To find the maximum value of u at point R 7 v , v 9

N N
T2 = sin + sin + cos cos sin sin :7N , N9

v v
8 8 8 8 8 8
T2 = sin + sin + cos cos sin sin
6 6 6 6 6 6
1 1 3 3 1 1 3 1 1 3
T2 = + + =1+ =1+ =
2 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 2
Show that the minimum value of + 7 + 9 3 2009
' "
206.
Solution:-
Let T = + ' 7 + 9

T 1 1 T '
= H + ' [ + \I = "

T 1 1 T '
= H + ' [ + \I = "

= ; = 0 and = ; = 0
w w

' '
= 0 . .1 % = 0 .2
" "
From equation 2 = ;
w

159
Put in equation 1 =0 = 0 ]1 w ^ = 0

w w w
w
;

[ ;\

'
= 0 % 1 = 0 ' = ' =
'
If = 0 % = n; = this is not possible

w
If = % = ; =
w
The stationary point is # ,
"T T ' '

= = [ \ = j k = 2
" " '
"T T '
= = [ \= j " k = 1

"T T ' '

= = [ \ = j k = 2
" " '
At point # ,
= 2 , = 1 , =2
If = 2 > 0 % " = 4 1 = 3 > 0 u has minima at point # ,
To find the minimum value of u at point # ,
1 1 1 1
T2Q = & + ' [ + \' T2Q = " + ' [ + \

9 ,
T2Q = " + 2" T2Q = 3"
207. Find the maximum and minimum value of " " 1
Let T = " " 1 T = " " ' " " '

Solution:-
T " " T
= ' " " ' = 2 " 3 " " 2 '

T " " T
= ' " " ' = 2 " 2 ' 3 " "

= 2 " 3 " " 2 ' = 0 and = 2 " 2 ' 3 " " = 0

2 " 3 " " 2 ' = 0 . .1 % 2 " 2 ' 3 " " = 0 .2
% 1 % 2 2 " 2 " 2 ' + 2 ' = 0
2 " + " = 0 2J " " K = 0
2J + K = 0 2 1 = 0
2 = 0 , = 0 , 1 =0
= 0 , = 0 , = 0 , 1 = 0
160
1 1
= 1 2 = 0 = =
2 2
The stationary points are # 0 , 0 , R 7" , "9

"T T
= = [ \= 2 " 3 " " 2 ' = 2 " 6 " 2 '
"
"T T
= = [ \= 2 " 3 " " 2 ' = 4 6 " 6 "

"T T
= "= [ \= 2 " 2 ' 3 " " = 2 " 2 ' 6 "

At point # 0 , 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= 2 6 2 = , = 1 6 6 = ,
4 2 4 8 2 4 2 2 4 2
1 1 1 1 3
=1 2 6 =
4 8 4 2 4
If = " < 0 % = ) v = v < 0 the function u has no maxima and no minima this point is
" ` d
Find the maximum and minimum value of + 63 + + 12

called as saddle point
208.
Let T = + 63 + + 12
Solution:-
T T
= + 63 + + 12 = 3 " 63 + 12

T T
= + 63 + + 12 = 3 " 63 + 12

= 3 " 63 + 12 = 0 and = 3 " 63 + 12 = 0

" 21 + 4 = 0 . .1 % " 21 + 4 = 0 .2
Equation 1 %. 2 " " + 4 = 0 + + 4 = 0
+ 4 = 0 = 0 % + 4 = 0
= % + = 4 = 4
Put in = equation 1 + 4 21 = 0 + 7 3 = 0 = 7 % = 3
"
The stationary pts are # 7 , 7 , R 3 , 3

Put = 4 in equation 2 4 " 21 + 4 = 0
16 8 + " 21 + 4 = 0 " 4 5 = 0 5 + 1 = 0
= 5 % = 1
The stationary points are a 5, 1 , 1,5
The stationary points are # 7 , 7 , R 3 , 3 , a 5, 1 , 1,5
"T T
= "= [ \= 3 " 63 + 12 = 6

"T T
= = [ \= 3 " 63 + 12 = 12

"T T
= "= [ \= 3 " 63 + 12 = 6

At point # 7 , 7
= 42 , = 12 , = 42
If = 42 < 0 % = 42 42 114 > 0
"
The function u has no maxima at point # 7 , 7

161
At point R 3 , 3
= 18 , = 12 , = 18
If = 18 > 0 % = 18 18 12 > 0 u has minima at point R 3 , 3
"
At point a 5, 1
= 30 , = 12 , = 6
If = 30 > 0 % = 180 144 = 324 < 0 u has no maxima and no minima at point a 5, 1
"
At point 1,5
= 6 , = 12 , = 30
If = 6 < 0 % = 180 144 = 324 < 0 u has no maxima and no minima at point 1,5
"
" " 5 " 8 5 "

209. Find the extreme values or Discuss the stationary values of
Let T = " " 5 " 8 5 "

Solution:-
T " " T
= 5 " 8 5 " = 2 " 10 8

T " " T
= 5 " 8 5 " = 2 " 8 10

= 2 " 10 8 = 0 and = 2 " 8 10 = 0

" 5 4 = 0 . .1 % " 4 5 = 0 .2
Equation 2 " 5 = 4 " 5 = 4 = ;
d
)
"
Put in eqn. 1 7 ;
d9 5 4 7 ;
d9 = 0
) )
16 ' 16

5 " = 0 16 ' 5 " 5" 16 " 5 = 0
5
" " 5
16 ' 5 ) 10 " + 25 16 ' + 80 = 0
5 50 " + 125 80 = 0 = 0 % 5 ) 50 " 45 = 0
)
) 10 " + 9 = 0 ) 9 " " + 9 = 0 " " 3" " 3" = 0

" 3" " 1 = 0 " 3" = 0 % " 1 = 0 = 3 % = 1
The values of x are = 0 , 1 , 3
4
= " # 0,0 , R 3,3, a 3 , 3, 1, 1, = 1 , 1
5
The stationary pts are # 0,0 , R 3,3, a 3 , 3, 1, 1, = 1 , 1
"T T
= "= [ \= 2 " 10 8 = 2 " 10

"T T
= = [ \= 2 " 10 8 = 4 8

"T T
= "= [ \= 2 " 8 10 = 2 " 10

At point # 0,0
= 10 , = 8 , = 10
If = 10 < 0 % = 10 10 64 = 100 64 = 36 > 0
"
The function u has no maxima at point # 0,0

To find the maximum value of u at point # 0,0
T2 = " " 5 " 8 5 " 9 n,n T2 = 0
At point R 3 , 3

162
= 8 , = 28 , =8
If = 8 > 0 % = 64
" 28" < 0 u has no maxima and minima at point R 3 , 3
At point a 3 , 3
= 8 , = 28 , =8
If = 8 > 0 % = 64
" 28" < 0 u has no maxima and minima at point a 3 , 3
At point 1, 1
= 8 , = 12 , = 8
If = 8 < 0 % = 64 144 < 0 u has no maxima and no minima at point 1, 1
"
At point = 1 , 1
= 8 , = 12 , = 8
If = 8 < 0 % = 64 144 < 0 u has no maxima and no minima at point = 1,1
"
Find the point on the surface " = + 1 at a least distance from the origin
Solution:- Let | , , be the point on the given surface " = + 1
210. W2012
Let d be the distance of the point | , , $% 0 0,0,0

By using distance formula = G 0" + 0" + 0"
" = " + " + " T " = + 1 " = " + " + + 1
Let T = + + + 1
" "
T " T
= + " + + 1 = 2 +

T " T
= + " + + 1 = 2 +

= 2 + = 0and = 2 + = 0

2 + = 0 . .1 % 2 + = 0 .2
Equation 2 = " %1 2 " = 0 3 = 0 = 0 = 0

The stationary pts are # 0,0

= ; = 7 9 = 2 + =2
;
"T T
= = [ \= 2 + = 1

"T T
= "= [ \= 2 + = 2

At point # 0,0
= 2 , = 1 , =2
If = 2 > 0 % = 4 1 = 3 > 0 The function u has no minima at point # 0,0
"
That is " has minima at point # 0,0

" = + 1 " = 1 = 1
" = " + " + " is minimum at point # 0,0, 1
The required point on the surface " = + 1 is # 0,0, 1 at a least distance from the origin
LAGRANGES METHOD OF UNDETERMINE MULTIPLIERS
The function contains more then two variables which are all are not independents but they are connected by
Let T = , , be the given function connected by given relation , , = 0 1

some given relation then in that case Lagranges method of undetermined multipliers is used
We construct Lagranges function denoted by L

163
= , , + * , , = T + * where is called as Lagranges multipliers

For stationary values of u + + = 0 = 0, = 0 , = 0
> > > > > >

+ * = 0 2 , + * = 0 3 , + * = 0 4

Solve equation 2 ,3 and 4 together with equation 1 we get the stationary points and the value of for
maxima and minima
If the given function T = , , is connected with more then two relations
, , = 0 . .1 % / , , = 0 .2
= , , + * , , + @/ , , = T + * + @/ where and are called as Lagranges

We construct Lagranges function denoted by L
For stationary values of u + + = 0 = 0, = 0 , = 0

multipliers
> > > > > >
+ * + @ = 0 3 , + * + @ = 0 4 ,
A A

T /
+ * +@ = 0 5

Solve equation 3 ,4 and 5 together with equation 1and 2 we get the stationary points and the value of and
for maxima and minima
211. T = " " + " " + : " " where + + = 1 show that the stationary values of is given by

If
= , = , = 2007

Solution:-
T = ' " + ' " + : ' " . .1 % = + + 1 = 0 .2

We construct the Lagranges function
1 1 1
= ' " + ' " + : ' " + * [ + + 1\

T * * *
=0 + * = 0 2' " = 0 2' = " * = 2' ' ' = '
2
*/' */'
= = .3
2' /' 2/'
T * * *
=0 + * = 0 2 ' " = 0 2 ' = " * = 2 ' ' ' = '
2

*' */'
= = . .4
2/'
2 '
'
T * * *
=0 + * = 0 2: ' " = 0 2: ' = " * = 2: ' ' ' = '

2:

*' */'
= = .5
2/' :

2: ' '

164
Putting the values of x, y and z in equation 2
1 1 1 2/' 2/' 2/' :

+ + 1=0 + + = 1
*' *' *' *' *' *'
2/' 2/' 2/' :

*' = 2/' + + :
Putting the values of *w in equation 3 , 4 and 5

2/' + + : ++:
= =
2
/'
2/' + + : ++:
= =
2
/'
2/' + + : ++:
= =
2/' : :
Find the extreme values of " + " + " subject to " + + = 2
; ;
" '
3 + 2 + = 0 2008, 2012, 2013
212.
Solution:-
Let T = " + " + " .1 , = " + + 2 = 0 2 ,
; ;
" '
/ = 3 + 2 + = 0 .3
= T + * + @/
We construct Lagranges function
" "
= + + + * j +
" " " "
+ 2k + @ 3 + 2 +
2 3
T
For extreme values
=0 + * = 0 2 + * 2 + @ 3 = 0 2 + 2* + 3@ = 0
/

+@

3@
2 + 2* + 3@ = 0 2 1 + * = 3@ = .3
2 1 + *
T 2
=0 + * = 0 2 + * [ \ + @ 2 = 0 2 + * + 2@ = 0
/
2
+@

2@
2 + * + 2@ = 0 2 + * = 2@ = . .4
2+*
T 2 2
=0 + * = 0 2 + * [ \ + @ 1 = 0 2 + * + @ = 0
/
3 3
+@

2 @ 3@
2 + * + @ = 0 2 1 + */3 = @ = = . .5
3 2 1 + */3 2 3 + *
2 "
%3 + %. 4 + %. 5 2 " + 2 " + 2 " + 2 " * + * " + * + 3@ + 2@ + @ = 0
3
"
" "
2 + + + 2* j +
" " "
+ k + @ 3 + 2 + = 0
2 3
Using equation 1 and 2 2T + 4* = 0 * = "

3@ 3@
To find the value of u putting in equation 3,4 and 5
= T =2T
2 71 29

165
2@ 4@
=
T =4T
22
3@ 3@
= T =6T
2 73 29
3@ 4@ 3@ 3@ 4@ 3@
Putting the value of x, y and z in equation 3
3[ \ + 2[ \+[ \ = 0 3[ \ + 2[ \+[ \=0

2T 4T 6T T2 T4 T6
9@ T 4 T 6 + 8@ T 2 T 6 + 3@ T 2 T 4 = 0
9 T" 10T + 24 + 8 T" 8T + 12 + 3 T" 6T + 8 = 0
28
20T" 172T + 336 = 0 5T" 43T + 84 = 0 T = 3 T =
3
If 2 + 3 + 4 = show that the maximum value of T = " ' ) 7 9
`
213. W2008
`
Let T = " ' ) .1 % = 2 + 3 + 4 = 0 .2

Solution:-
= " ' ) + * 2 + 3 + 4
T
=0 + * = 0 2 ' ) + 2* = 0 2 ' ) = 2* * = ' ) . .3

T
=0 + * = 0 3 " " ) + 3* = 0 3 " " ) = 3* * = " " ) 4

T
=0 + * = 0 4 " ' ' + 4* = 0 4 " ' ' = 4* * = " ' ' . .5

From equation 3, 4 and 5
' ) = " " ) = " ' ' ' ) = " " ) = " ' '
' ) = " " ) % " " ) = " ' ' = % =
Put in equation 2 2 + 3 + 4 = 0 2 + 3 + 4 = 9 = `

Similarly = ` % = `

" ' ) `
Put = ` , = ` , = ` in Equation 1 T = 7 ` 9 7 ` 9 7 ` 9 T = 7 ` 9

214. Find the maximum value of T = + 1 + 1 + 1 where , , being subject to the
condition : = # 2009
Solution:-
T = + 1 + 1 + 1
log T = logJ + 1 + 1 + 1K log T = log + 1 + log + 1 + log + 1
log T = log + 1 + log + 1 + log + 1
Since u is maximum log T is also maximum
u=log + 1 + log + 1 + log + 1 1
166
# = : log # = log :
log # = log + log + log : log # = log + log + log :
= log + log + log : log # = 0 2
= log + 1 + log + 1 + log + 1 + * log + log + log : log
T 1 1
=0 +* =0 + * log = 0 = * log
+1 +1
1
*= . .3
+ 1 log
T 1 1
=0 +* =0 + * log = 0 = * log
+1 +1
1
*= 4
+ 1 log
T 1 1
=0 +* =0 + * log : = 0 = * log :
+1 +1
1
*= . .5
+ 1 log :
1
= * log 1 = * log + 1 1 = * log * log
+1
1
= * log 1 = * log + 1 1 = * log * log
+1
1
= * log : 1 = * log : + 1 1 = * log * log :
+1
On adding
3 = * log + log + log : * log + log + log :
3 = * log # * log : 3 = *Jlog # + log :K 3 = * log #:
3
*=
log #:
put in equation 3,4 and 5
3 1 log #: log #:
= + 1 log = +1
log #: + 1 log 3 3 log
3 1 log #: log #:

= + 1 log = +1
log #: + 1 log 3 3 log
3 1 log #: log #:
= + 1 log : = +1
log #: + 1 log : 3 3 log :
log #: log #: log #:
ST % T% 1 log T = log U V + log U V + log U V
3 log 3 log 3 log :
log T = logJlog #:K log 3 log + logJlog #:K log 3 log + logJlog #:K log 3 log :
log T = 3 logJlog #:K Jlog log ' + log log ' + log log : ' K
log T = logJlog #:K' logJlog ' log ' log log : ' K

167
Jlog #:K' Jlog #:K'

log T = log U VT=
log ' log ' log log : ' log ' log ' log log : '
215. Find the extreme values of T = 2 + 3 + such that
" + " = 5 % + = 1 2008
Let T = 2 + 3 + .1 , = " + " 5 = 0 2 ,

Solution:-
/ = + 1 = 0 .3
= T + * + @/
= 2 + 3 + + * " + " 5 + @ + 1
T /
For extreme values
=0 +* +@ = 0 2 + * 2 + @ 1 = 0 2 + 2* + @ = 0

@ 2
2 + 2* + @ = 0 2* = @ 2 = .3
2*
T /
=0 +* +@ = 0 3 + * 2 + @ 0 = 0 3 + 2* = 0

3
= . .4
2*
T /
=0 +* +@ = 0 1 + * 0 + @ 1 = 0 1 + @ = 0 @ = 1

@ 2 1 2 1
= = =
2* 2* 2*
1 "
3 "
1 9
" + " 5 = 0 [ \ + [ \ 5 = 0 " + " 5 = 0
2* 2* 4* 4*
10 1 1 1
= 5 " = 1 *" = * =
4*" 2* 2 2
1 1 1 3 3
* = = = == =
2 1 2 1 2
2[ \ 2[ \
2 2
1 1
+1=0 + =1 =1+
2 2
1 3 1
T = 2 + 3 + T = 2 [ \ + 3 [ \ + [1 + \
2 2 2
2 9 1 10
T= +1+ T= + 1 T = 1 52
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 3 3
* = = = == =
2 1 2 1 2
2 [ \ 2 [ \
2 2
1 1
+1= 0 + = 1 = 1
2 2
1 3 1
T = 2 + 3 + T = 2 [ \ + 3 [ \ + [1 \
2 2 2
2 9 1 10
T= + +1 T= + 1 T = 1 + 52
2 2 2 2
T = 1 52
If = 8, find the values of x, y and z for which T = ") is maximum
d
216.
Solution:-
168
5 58 40
T= T= T=
+ 2 + 4 + 2 + 4 + 2 + 4
For the values of x, y and z T =
)n
")
is maximum
That is for the values of x, y and z T = ") is maximum

That is for the values of x, y and z T = + 2 + 4 is minimum

= 8 = 0
= + 2 + 4 + * 8
T
=0 + * = 0 1 + * = 0

1
*= . .3

T
=0 + * = 0 2 + * = 0

2
*= 4

T
=0 + * = 0 4 + * = 0

4
*= . .5

2 4 1 2 4
= =
1
= =

2 1 2
=
1
= =
2
4 1 2
=
2
= = =
2 4
'
8 = 0 =8 = 8 ' = 64 = 4
2 4 8
4 4
= = = 2 , = = = 1
2 2 4 4
= 4 , = 2 , = 1 are the values of x ,y and z for which T = ") is maximum

d
217. If r is a distance of a point on conic + + : = 1 ,

" " "
, + + + % = 0 from origin show that the stationary values of r are given by

," +" %"
+ + =0 2014
1 " 1 " 1 : "
Solution:- let | , , be a point on the conic " + " + : " = 1 at a distance r from the origin
0 0, 0, 0
= G 0" + 0" + 0" = G " + " + " " = " + " + "
T = " + " + " " = T . .1 %
169
= " + " + : " 1 = 0 .2

/ = , + + + % = 0 . .3
= T + * + @/
= + + + * " + " + : " 1 + @ , + + + %

" " "
T /
For extreme values
=0 +* +@ = 0 2 + * 2 + @ , = 0 2 + 2* + @, = 0

2 + 2* + @, = 0 .4
T /
=0 +* +@ = 0 2 + * 2 + @ + = 0 2 + 2* + +@ = 0

2 + 2* + +@ = 0 . .5
T /
=0 +* +@ = 0 2 + * 2: + @ % = 0 2 + 2:* + %@ = 0

2 + 2:* + %@ = 0 6
Equation 1 + %2 + %3
2 + 2* + @, + 2 + 2* + +@ + 2 + 2:* + %@ = 0
2 + + + 2* " + " + : " + @ , + + + % = 0
" " "
2T + 2* 1 + @ 0 = 0 2T + 2* = 0 2T = 2* * = T
@,
Put in equation 4, 5 and 6
2 + 2* + @, = 0 2 2T + @, = 0 2 1 T = @, =
2 1 T
@+
2 + 2* + @+ = 0 2 2T + @+ = 0 2 1 T = @+ =
2 1 T
@%
2 + 2:* + @% = 0 2 2:T + @% = 0 2 1 :T = @% =
2 1 :T
@, @+ @%
,H I++H I+%H I=0

2 1 T 2 1 T 2 1 :T
@ ," +" %" ," +" %"
U + + V = 0 ST T = " + + =0
2 1 T 1 T 1 :T 1 " 1 " 1 : "
Prove that the stationary values of T = + + where
; ; ;
218.
, + + + % = 0 , ; + ; + ; = 1 are the roots of the equation

; ; ;
, " ) +" ) %" : )

+ + = 0 2011
1 " T 1 " T 1 : " T
" " "

Solution:-
T= + + " = T . .1 %

) ) : )
= , + + + % = 0 .2
" " "
/ = " + " + " 1 = 0 . .3
:
= T + * + @/
" " " " " "

= ) + ) + ) + * , + + + % + @ j " + " + " 1k
: :
For extreme values

170
T 2 2
=0 + * = 0 ) + * , + @ [ " \ = 0
/

+@

2 2
+ *, + @ [ " \ = 0 .4
)
T 2 2
=0 + * = 0 ) + * + + @ [ " \ = 0
/

+@

2 2
+ *+ + @ [ " \ = 0 . .5
)
T 2 2
=0 + * = 0 ) + * % + @ [ " \ = 0
/
: :
+@

2 2
+ *% + @ [ " \ = 0 6
:) :
2 2 2 2 2 2
H ) + *, + @ [ " \I + H ) + *+ + @ [ " \I + H ) + *% + @ [ " \I = 0
: :
27 + + 9 + * , + + + % + 2@ 7; + ; + ; 9 = 0
; ; ; ; ; ;
2T + * 0 + 2@ 1 = 0 2T + 2@ = 0 2T = 2@ @ = T
2 2 2 2 1 T 1 " T
Put in equation 4, 5 and 6
+ + [ \ = 0 + T [ \ = 0 2 [ \ = , 2 j k = *,
) " ) " ) " )
*, @ *,
*,)
=
2 1 " T
2 2 2 2 1 T
+ *+ + @ [ " \ = 0 ) + *+ T [ " \ = 0 2 [ ) " \ = *+
)
1 "T *+ )
2 j k = *+ =
) 2 1 " T
2 2 2 2 1 T
+ + [ \ = 0 + T [ \ = 0 2 [ \ = *%
:) :" :) :" :) :"
*% @ *%
1 :"T *%: )
2 j k = *% =
:) 2 1 : " T
*,) *+ ) *%: )

,U V++U V+%U V=0

2 1 " T 2 1 " T 2 1 : " T
* , " ) +" ) %" : ) , " ) +" ) %" : )
U + + V = 0 + + =0
2 1 " T 1 " T 1 : " T 1 " T 1 " T 1 : " T
If T = " " + " " + : " " where + + = 1 show that the stationary values of u is given by

= , = , = where = + + : 2011

Solution:-
T = ' " + ' " + : ' " . .1 % = + + 1 = 0 .2

1 1 1
= ' " + ' " + : ' " + * [ + + 1\


171
T * * *
=0 + * = 0 2' " = 0 2' = " * = 2' ' ' = '
2
*/' */'
= = .3
2' /' 2/'
T * * *
=0 + * = 0 2 ' " = 0 2 ' = " * = 2 ' ' ' = '
2

*' */'
= = . .4
2/'
2 '
'
T * * *
=0 + * = 0 2: ' " = 0 2: ' = " * = 2: ' ' ' = '

2:

*' */'
= = .5
2/' :

2: ' '
1 1 1 2/' 2/' 2/' :

+ + 1=0 + + = 1
*' *' *' *' *' *'
2/' 2/' 2/' :

*' = 2/' + + :
Putting the values of *w in equation 3 , 4 and 5

2/' + + : ++:
= = = where F = + + :
2
/'
2/' + + : ++:
= = = where F = + + :
2
/'
2/' + + : ++:
= = = where F = + + :
2 :
/' : :
If + + = 6, Find the values of x, y and z such that + + is minimum
' ) d
219.
Solution:-
T = + + . .1 % = + + 6 = 0 .2
' ) d
3 4 5
= + + + * [ + + 6\

T * 3*
=0 +* = 0 1 3 " = 0 1 = " " = 3* = 3* .3

T * 4*
=0 +* = 0 1 4 " = 0 1 = " " = 4* = 2* .4

T * 5*
=0 +* = 0 1 5 " = 0 1 = " " = 5* = 5* . .5


172
3 4 5 3 4 5 1
+ + 6=0 + + =6 X3 + 4 + 5Y = 6
3* 4* 5* *
3 + 4 + 5
* =
6
Putting the values of * in equations 3, 4 and 5
3 + 4 + 5 3 + 4 + 5 3 + 4 + 5
= 3 j k , = 2j k, = 5 j k
6 6 6
3 + 4 + 5 3 + 4 + 5 3 + 4 + 5
= , = , = 5 j k
23 3 6
2G
220. T = 2 G + + = is % SG 72G9

Show that stationary values of
Solution:-
T = 2 G log T = log 2 G log T = + log + % log + S log
T = + log + % log + S log .1 % = + +
= + log + % log + S log + * + +

T + +
=0 + * = 0 + * = 0 + + * = 0 + = * = .3

*
T % %
=0 + * = 0 + * = 0 % + * = 0 % = * = .4

*
T S S
=0 + * = 0 + * = 0 S + * = 0 S = * = . .5

*
++%+S ++%+S
= =**=
+ % S
* * *

+ + +
= = + + % + S = + + % + S
* 7 9

% % %
= = + + % + S =
* ++%+S

7 9
S S S
= = + + % + S =
* ++%+S

7 9

+ % S
log T = + log [ \ + % log [ \ + S log [ \
++%+S ++%+S ++%+S
+ 2 % S G
log T = log [ \ + log [ \ + log [ \
++%+S ++%+S ++%+S
+ 2 % S G
log T = log H[ \ [ \ [ \ I
++%+S ++%+S ++%+S
2 G
T = +2 [ \ % [ \ SG [ \
++%+S ++%+S ++%+S

173
2G
T = + 2 % S G [ \
++%+S

221. Divide 24 into three parts such that the continued products of the first , square of the second
and cube of the third be maximum W2007, S2011, W2012
Solution:- let x, y and z be the three parts of 24 then
" ' ++T+ % + + = 24
T = " ' 1 % = + + 24 = 0 .2
= " ' + * + + 24
T
=0 +* = 0 " ' + * = 0 . .3

T
=0 +* = 0 2 ' + * = 0 . .4

T
=0 +* = 0 3 " " + * = 0 .5

" ' + * + 2 ' + * + 3 " " + * = 0
" ' + 2 " ' + 3 " ' + * + + = 0

T
6 " ' + * + + = 0 6T + 24* = 0 6T = 24* * =
4
T T T T 1 1
"' + * = 0 =0 = = =4
4 4 4
2 " ' 2T T 2T T 2 1

2 ' + * = 0 +*=0 =0 = = =4=8
4 4 4 2
3 " ' 3T T 3T T 3 1

3 " " + * = 0 +* =0 =0 = = = 4 = 12
4 4 4 3
The three parts of 24 are 4, 8 and 12 if " ' ++T+
222. A space probe in the shape of the ellipsoid 4 + + 4 = 16 enters the earths atmosphere
" " "
and its surface begins to heat. After one hour, the temperature of the point , , on the surface of
the probes is ~ = 8 " + 4 16 + 600 find the hottest point on the probes surface by using
Lagranges method W2009
Solution:-
~ = 8 " + 4 16 + 600 .1 % = 4 " + " + 4 " 16 = 0 . .2
= 8 " + 4 16 + 600 + * 4 " + " + 4 " 16

174
T 1
=0 +* = 0 16 + 8* = 0 * =
2
4
*= . .3
2
T 4 2
=0 +* = 0 4 + 2* = 0 * = *= . .4
2
T 4 + 16
=0 +* = 0 4 16 + 8* = 0 * =
8
+ 4
*= .5
2
4 2 + 4
= =
2 2
223. The temperature T in space is ~ , , = 400
"
Find the highest temperature on the
surface " + " + " = 1
Solution:-
~ = 400 " .1 % = " + " + " 1 = 0 . .2
= 400 " + * " + " + " 1
T 400 "
=0 +* = 0 +2* = 0 * =
2
200 "
*= . .3

T 400 "
=0 +* = 0 400 " + 2* = 0 * =
2
200 "
*= . .4

T 800
=0 +* = 0 800 + 2* = 0 * =
2
* = 400 .5
200 " 200 " " "

= = 400 = = 2

" "
= = " = "


175
" "
= 2 = 2 " = 2 " " = 2 "

Put in equation 2 " + " + 2 " 1 = 0 4 " = 1 " = =

) "
1
" = " = =
2
1 1
" = 2 " = 2 = 2 =
2 2
"
The required temperature ~ = 400 " " 7 "9 ~ =

= 50
)nn
i
224. -
+ + =1 W2010

Find the dimension of the largest rectangular parallelepiped which has three faces in the co

ordinate planes one vertex in the plane
Solution:- let the edges of the rectangular parallelepiped are 2, 2 % 2
y,. S,,,SS = = 2 2 2 = 8

= 8 .1 % = + + 1 = 02
:

= 8 + * 7 + + 19
:
T *
=0 +* = 0 8 + = 0 * = 8 .3

T *
=0 +* = 0 8 + = 0 * = 8 . .4

T *
=0 +* = 0 8 + = 0 * = 8: .5
:
From equation 3, 4 and 5 8 = 8 = 8: = = :
y
: :
= = = = = = ST % % 2
:

+ + 1=03 =1 =
3

+ + 1=03 =1 =
3
:
+ + 1 = 03 = 1 =
: : : : 3
The dimension of the largest rectangular parallelepiped ' , ' % '


176
225.
+ + =1
; ; ;
Find the dimension and volume of the greatest rectangular parallelepiped that can be
; ; ;
inscribed in the ellipsoid
Solution:- let the edges of the rectangular parallelepiped are 2, 2 % 2
y,. S,,,SS = = 2 2 2 = 8
" " "

= 8 .1 % = + + 1 = 02
" " : "
" " "

= 8 + * j + + 1k
" " : "
T 2* 8" 4"

=0 +* = 0 8 + " = 0 * = *= .3
2
T 2* 8 " 4 "

=0 +* = 0 8 + " = 0 * = *= . .4
2
T 2* 8: " 4: "

=0 +* = 0 8 + " = 0 * = *= .5
: 2
From equation 3, 4 and 5 = = = =

) ; ); ) ; ; ; ;

y
" " : " " " : " " " "
= = = = = = ST % % 2
" " " " " " " " : "
" " " " "

+ + 1 = 0 3 = 1 "
= =
" " " " 3 3
" " " " "

+ + 1 = 0 3 = 1 "
= =
" " " " 3 3
" " " " :" :

+ + 1 = 0 3 = 1 "
= =
: " : " : " : " 3 3
The dimension of the largest rectangular parallelepiped %

,

' ' '
The required greatest volume of rectangular parallelepiped is
: 8
y2 = 8 y2 = : :T: T%
3 3 3 33
226. Find the point in the plane + 2 + 3 = 13 nearest to the point 1, 1, 1 using the method of
Lagranges multipliers
Solution:- let | , , be a point in the plane + 2 + 3 = 13 nearest to the point 1, 1, 1

177
= G 1" + 1" + 1"
" = 1" + 1" + 1"
Let T = 1" + 1" + 1" " = T % = + 2 + 3 13 = 0
= 1" + 1" + 1" + * + 2 + 3 13
T
=0 +* = 0 2 1 + * = 0 * = 2 1 .3

T
=0 +* = 0 2 1 + 2* = 0 2* = 2 1 * = + 1 . .4

T 2 1
=0 +* = 0 2 1 + 3* = 0 3* = 2 1 * = .5
3
From equation 3, 4 and 5 2 1 = + 1 =

"

'
2 1 = + 1 2 + 2 = + 1 = 2 1
2 1
+ 1 = 3 + 3 = 2 + 2 3 + 2 = 1
3
2 + 1 2 + 1 2 + 1 2 + 4
3 = 2 1 = 2 1 = 2 = + 1 2 =
3 3 3 3
+2 +2 2 + 1
= = 2[ \1 =
3 3 3
+2 2 + 1
+2 + 3 = 39 + 2 + 4 + 2 + 9 = 39 14 = 39 4 14 = 35
3 3
35 5 9 3
= = =2=
14 2 6 2
The required point in the given plane is | 7" , 2 , "9

' d
227. Use the Lagranges method of multipliers to find the shortest distance from the point 1, 2, 2
to the sphere " + " + " = 36
Solution:- let | , , be a point in the plane " + " + " = 36
= G 1" + 2" + 2"
" = 1" + 2" + 2"
Let T = 1" + 2" + 2" " = T % = " + " + " 36 = 0
= 1" + 2" + 2" + * " + " + " 36
T 1
=0 +* = 0 2 1 + 2* = 0 2 * + 1 = 2 = .3
*+1

178
T 2
=0 +* = 0 2 2 + 2* = 0 2 * + 1 = 4 = . .4
*+1
T 2
=0 +* = 0 2 2 + 2* = 0 2 * + 1 = 4 = .5
*+1
Equation 3 + 4 + 5 2 " + " + " 2 4 4 + 2* " + " + " = 0
1 2 2
72 2 [ \ 4[ \ 4[ \ + 72* = 0
*+1 *+1 *+1
72* + 72 2 8 8 + 72*" + 72* = 0
72*" + 144* + 54 = 0 8*" + 16* + 6 = 0 4*" + 8* + 3 = 0 4*" + 2* + 6* + 3 = 0
1 3
2* 2* + 1 + 3 2* + 1 = 0 * = * =
2 2
If * = " =
/" = 2 , =
/" = 4 , =
/" = 4
" "
If * = " =
'/" = 2 , =
'/" = 4 , =
'/" = 4
' " "
| , , | 2, 4, 4 | , , | 2, 4, 4
= G 2 1" + 4 2" + 4 2" = 3
= G 2 1" + 4 2" + 4 2" = 9
The required shortest distance is 3 units
228.
3 + 2 + = 12
Use Lagranges method to find the minimum distance from the origin to the plane
Solution:- let | , , be a point in the plane 3 + 2 + = 12
= G 0" + 0" + 0"
" = " + " + "
Let T = " + " + " " = T % = 3 + 2 + 12 = 0
= " + " + " + * 3 + 2 + 12
T 3*
=0 +* = 0 2 + 3* = 0 3* = 2 = .3
2
T
=0 +* = 0 2 + 2* = 0 2 = 2* = * . .4

T *
=0 +* = 0 2 + * = 0 2 = * = .5
2
Equation 3 + 4 + 5 2 " + " + " + * 3 + 2 + = 0

179
3* " * "
2 U[ \ + * + [ \ V + 12* = 0
"
2 2
12 12
14*" + 24* = 0 2* 7* + 12 = 0 * = 0 * = *0 *=
7 7
;
'7
9
If * = = , = 7 , =
i " "
= 9 = =
v (
"/ v
" "
18 12 6
| , , | [ , , \
7 7 7
18 "
12 "
6 "
= [ 0\ + [ 0\ + [ 0\ = 320
7 7 7
Required minimum distance of a given plane from the origin is 320 units
***********************************************************************************************************

180
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIOS
Definition:- An equation which contain the derivatives 1 , 1 ; , % where x is independent
1 1;
and y is dependent variables
METHOD OF SOLUTION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
METHOD I VARIABLE SEPERABLE METHOD
The differential equation of the type = $ solved by variable seperable method
Integrating both sides we get the required solution of the differential equation
S = S $
METHOD II SUBSTITUTION METHOD
The differential equation of the type

= + + :

solved by substitution
T 1 T
+ + : = T =+ =

1 T T T
= T = T + =
T +
Variable are seperable method then integrating both sides we get the required solution of differential
equation
METHOD III HOMOGENEOUS DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
,
=
$ ,
is called as homogeneous differential equations we solved this equation by using the substitution
y
= y =y+

METHOD IV NON HOMOGENEOUS DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
+ + :
" + " + :"
=

181
Is called as non homogeneous differential equation we solved this by using the following two cases to convert
homogeneous differential equations
CASE I If =

; ;
+ + :
=

+ + + :"
Put + = T then we use variable seperable method and solved the DE
CASE II If put = + , = + , = , =

; ;
+ + + + : + + + + :
= =
" + + " + + :" " + " + " + " + :"
This DE becomes homogeneous DE if
+ + : = 0 . .1 % " + " + :" = 0 . .2
+
=
" + "
This is homogeneous differential equation in X and Y solving this by using the substitution
y
= y =y+

Solving equation 1 and equation 2 for the values of h and k
Putting the values of h and k in = + = % = + =
Finally rewrite the solution for X and Y
METHOD V LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

+ |. = V + | = V

Is called as linear differential equations we solved this equation by using the following working rules
To find integrating factors I.F.
. = W X1 . = W X1
The solution of given linear differential equation is
. . = S V . . . = S V .
METHOD IV DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS REDUCIABLE TO LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
The differential equation

182

+ |. = V

Is called as non linear differential equation convert to linear differential equations
Divided both sides by
1
+ |. = V
+ |
= V

T 1 T
ST
= T 1 %
=
=
1 %
1 T T
+ |T = V + | 1 %T = 1 %V
1 %
This is a linear differential equations and solved it by method of solving the linear DE
METHOD VI EXACT DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
+ = 0
Will be exact differential equations if

=

The solution of DE
+ = 0 S = S
= + % % % :%%$
then to find the IF by using the following cases

Y Z

CASE I If the equation + = 0 is a homogeneous DE then = YZ + 0

CASE II If the equation + = 0 can be write in the form of
, + $ , = 0 %
1
= 0

CASE III If the equation + = 0 can be write in the form of
+ + % + + + % = 0 %

# #
= . h and k are constant and they are obtain by solving the following equations
++1 ++1 + + 1 + + 1
= % =
+ % + %

183
CASE IV If the equation + = 0 is not exact then

= = W 1 %

= / = W A 1

1 + S2010
1
229. + 1 = 2
1
Solve the DE
Solution:- The given DE is

1 + + 1 = 2
1 + = 2
1

=
2
1 1 +
This is of the type = $ solved by variable seperable method
Integrating both sides

S = S S = S S =S
2 1

1+ 2 1+ 2 1+
1

S = S S =S
2 1+ 2 1+
By using the result W = log| | + :

log|2 | = log|1 + | + log : log 2

= logJ: 1 + K
1 1
= : 1 + =:
2 2 1 +

Solve the DE
= 1 S2009
1
230.

=

=

+ =
+ =

+ = + =

Variable are seperable integrating both sides
S
+ S = S
+ :

+ S S [1 S \ =
+ :

+ =
+ : 2 +
= :
Solve the DE 1P + tan W = 1 tan W W2007
1O 1O
231.
1P
W W W W
+ tan W = 1 tan W + tan W = 1 tan W

184
W 1 + tan W
1 + tan W = 1 tan W [
\ W =
1 tan W
sin W
1 + tan W 1 + cos W
S[ \ W = S + log : S r s W = S + log :
1 tan W sin W
1 cos W
cos W + sin W
S W = S + log :
cos W sin W
Put cos W sin W = sin W cos W =
1
1O
cos W + sin WW = cos W + sin WW =

S = S + log : log|| = log|| + log :

1 1
log
= log|:| = : = :
cos W sin W
232. 1 = log log W2009
1
Solve the DE

= log log = log 7 9

log 7 9
= +. =

y
ST = y =y+

y
y y log 7 9 y
y+ = = y log y y

y y
= =
y log y y y log y 1
y 1
S =S + log : ST log y = y =
y log y 1 y

S = log|| + log : log| 1| = log|| + log :
1

log|log y 1| = log|| + log : log -log 7 9 1- = log|:|

log 7 9 1 = : log 7 9 = 1 + :

233. Solve the DE ' 1 = ' + " G " " S2009

1

185
' + " G " "

' = ' + " G " " =

'
This is of the type 1 = \ , solved by using substitution

1 ,
y
= y =y+

y y' + y" G y" " y y ' ' + y " " G " y " 1
y + =

y+ =
' '
y ' Xy ' + y " y " 1Y y

y+ = y+ = y ' + y " Gy " 1
'
y y
= y ' y + y " Gy " 1 = y y " 1 + y " Gy " 1

y " y
= y 7Gy " 19 + y " Gy " 1 = yGy " 1 7y + Gy " 19

y y y " 1
= yGy " 1 7y + Gy " 19
y y " 1
y y" y" + 1 y yy " 1

= yGy " 1 =
y y " 1 y y " 1
y y " 1 1 1
y = [ \ y =
yy " 1 y 1 y
"
1 1
S y S y = S + log :
y " 1 y
Apply W = log] + " " ] + :

1
;
;
log -y + Gy " 1- log|y| = log|| + log :
Xy + y " 1Y y + y " 1
log 2 2 = log|:| = :
y y
"
+ 7 9 1
T y = = : + G " " = :
/
234. Solve the DE = G " + " W2009
= G " + " = + G " + "
+ G " + "
= 7 + G " + " 9 =

186

1 ,
y
= y =y+

y y + " + y " " y y + G " 1 + y "

y+ =

y+=

y y + 1 + y " y y
y+ = = y + G1 + y " y = G1 + y "

y y
= S =S + log :
1 + y " 1 + y "
Apply W = log] + " + " ] + :

1
; ;
log -y + Gy " + 1- = log|| + log : log -y + Gy " + 1- = log|:|
"
+ 7 9 + 1 = : + G " + " = " :

235. Solve the DE " ' + ' = 0 W2013
Solution:- The given differential equation is
"
" ' + ' = 0 " = ' + ' = '

+ '

1 ,
y
= y =y+

y " y y y ' y y
y + = y+ =
1 + y 1 + y '
y+ = '
+ y ' ' '
y y y y y y )
y y)
= y = =
1 + y ' 1 + y' 1 + y'
1+y '
1+y '
1 y '

y = S y = S + : S y + S y = S +:
y) y) y) y)
1 y
'
S y
) y + S y = S +: + log|y| = log|| + :
y 3
1 '
' + log|y| = log|| + : ' + log - - = log|| + :
3y 3
'
' + log|| log|| = log|| + :
3
'
'
' + log|| = 2 log|| + : ' + log|| = log " + :
3 3
236. Solve the DE 1 = + . cos 7 9 W2011
1

187

= + . cos 7 9

This is of the type

1 ,
1
= \ , solved by using substitution
y
= y =y+

y y y
[y +
\ = y + . cos 7 9 [y + \ = y + cos y

y y y
y+ = y + cos y = cos y =
cos y
y
S =S + log : S sec y y = S + log :
cos y
log|sec y + tan y| = log|| + log : log|sec y + tan y| = log|:|

sec y + tan y = : sec 7 9 + tan 7 9 = :

Solve the DE 6 + 9 + 6 S2014
1
237. 1
= 2 + 3 1
2 + 3 1
6 + 9 + 6 = 2 + 3 1 =
6 + 9 + 6
This is of the type

+ + : 2 1 3 1
= = = = =
" + " + :" " 6 3 " 9 3 " "
=
2 + 3 1
=

3 2 + 3 + 6
T T 1 T 2
ST 2 + 3 = T =2+3 = 2 =

3 3
3

1 T 2 T1 1 T T 1 2 1 T 3T 3 + 6T + 12
= = + =
3 3 3T + 6 3 3T + 6 3 3 9T + 18
1 T 9T + 9 T 3 T + 1 T+2
= = T =
3 9T + 18 T+2 3 T + 1
Variable are seperable then integrating both sides
T+2 1 T+1+1
S T = S S T = + :
3 T + 1 3 T+1
1 1 1 1 1
S 1T + S T = + : T + log T + 1 = + :
3 3 T+1 3 3
1 1
2 + 3 + log 2 + 3 + 1 = + :
3 3
238. Solve the DE 3 + 2 + 4 4 + 6 + 5 = 0 W2009


188
2 + 3 + 4
3 + 2 + 4 4 + 6 + 5 = 0 =
4 + 6 + 5
This is of the type
+ + : 2 1 3 1
= = = = = =
" + " + :" " 4 2 " 6 2 " "
2 + 3 + 4
=

2 2 + 3 + 5
T T 1 T 2
ST 2 + 3 = T =2+3 = 2 =

3 3
3

1 T 2 T+4 1 T T + 4 2 1 T 3T + 12 + 4T + 10
= = + =
3 3 2T + 5 3 2T + 5 3 3 6T + 15
1 T 7T + 22 T 3 7T + 22 6T + 15
= = T =
3 6T + 15 6T + 15 3 7T + 22
6T + 15 2T + 5
S T = S S T = + :
3 7T + 22 7T + 22
2T 5
S T + S T = +
7T + 22 7T + 22
2 7T + 22 22 5 7
S T + S T = + :
7 7T + 22 7 7T + 22
2 44 5
T log 7T + 22 + log 7T + 22 = + :
7 49 7
2 9
2 + 3 log 14 + 21 + 22 = + :
7 49
28 + 42 9 log 14 + 21 + 22 = 49 + :
21 + 42 9 log 14 + 21 + 22 = :
7 14 + 3 log 14 + 21 + 22 = :
239. S2012
1 '
"
= v
)
1
Solve the DE
3 2 + 1
=
6 4 + 1
This is of the type
+ + : 3 1 2 1
= = = = = =
" + " + :" " 6 2 " 4 2 " "
3 2 + 1
=

2 3 2 + 1
T T 3 1 T
ST 3 2 = T =32 =3 =

2 2
2

3 1 T T+1 1 T 3 T + 1 1 T 6T + 3 2T 2
= = =
2 2 2T + 1 2 2 2T + 1 2 4T + 2
1 T 4T + 1 T 2 4T + 1 T 4T + 1 2T + 1
= = = T =
2 4T + 2 4T + 2 2T + 1 4T + 1
2T + 1 2T 1
S T = S S T + S T = + :
4T + 1 4T + 1 4T + 1
1 4T + 1 1 1 4
S T + S T = + :
2 4T + 1 4 4T + 1
1 1 4 1
S 1 T S T + log|4T + 1| = + :
2 8 4T + 1 4
189
1 1 1
T log|4T + 1| + log|4T + 1| = + :
2 8 4
1 1
3 2 + log|4 3 2 + 1| = + :
2 8
1
4 8 + log|12 8 + 1| = :
8
240. x + y 7x + 9 = xy 71 + 9 S2012
" ^ ^
^ ^
Solve the DE
dy dy
x + y" [x + \ = xy [1 + \
dx dx
x + y" xdy + ydx +

= x + y" xdy + ydx = +

ST + = T % = y
T y
1+ = % + =

+ = T % + = y
y T y T T

T" y = yT = " S = S " + : log y = +:
y T y T 1
1 1
log y = + : log = +:
T +
241. Solve the DE 4 + " 1 = 1 W2012

1

1
=1 = = 4 + "

4 + "
4 + "
y
ST 4 + = y = y 4 = 4

y y y y
4 = y" = y" + 4 " = " =
y +4 y + 2"
y 1
S " = S + : tan
y = + :
y + 2" 2
1
tan
4 + = + :
2
242. Solve the DE " + " + 2 + 2 = 0 S2012
" + " + 2 + 2 = 0
" + " + 2 + 2 = 0 " + " + 2 + 2 = 0
T 2 + 2 T
ST " + " = T 2 + 2 = =

T
2 + 2 = T T + T = 0 T = T =
T

190
T
S = S = log T + : + log| " + " | + :
T
243. Solve the DE 7G " + " 9 + 7G " + " 9 = 0 W2008
7G " + " 9 + 7G " + " 9 = 0
G " + " + G " + " = 0
G " + " + + = 0
T 2 + 2 T
ST " + " = T 2 + 2 = =

T
2 + 2 = T + =
2
y
ST = y + = + = y

T T 1
T y = 0 T = y S T/" T = S y + :
2 2 2

1 T" 1 T'/" 1
=y+: = y + : " + " '/" = + :
2 +1
1 2 3 3
2 2
244. Solve the DE ] + cot 79^ = 0 S2010


H + cot [ \I = 0 H + cot [ \I =

H + cot 79I
= = ST = y = y

H + cot 7 9I

y y Jy + cot yK y y + cot y
=y+ = y+ =

y+

y y
= cot y = S y = S + log :
sin y
cot y cos y
log|cos y| = log|| + log : log cos y
= log|| + log :
log :y = log|:| :y = : : / = :
245. Solved the DE W2010, S2012
1 EFA ABC
+ ABC EFA = 0
1
Solution:- The given diff. equation is
cos + sin +
+ =0
sin + cos +
sin + cos + + cos + sin + = 0
cos + sin + + sin + cos + = 0
Exact differential equations
+ = 0 = cos + sin + % = sin + cos +

191

= cos + cos + 1 % = cos + cos + 1


=

The solution of DE is
+ = 0 S = S
= + % % :%%$
S cos + sin + = S 0 + :
sin + sin + = :
246. Solve the DE + " + 1 2 = 0 S2007

"

" + " + 1 2 = 0
+ = 0 = " + " + 1 % = 2

= 2 % = 2

Will be not exact differential equations if

2 + 2 2
= =
2
" 1
= W
1 =
" F = F =
M;
"
1 " 1
+ " + 1 " 2 = 0
"
" 1
j1 + + " k 2 = 0
"
" 1
+ = 0 = 1 + + " % = 2
"
2 2
= " % = =
"
The differential equation

71 + + ; 9 2 = 0 is exact
;
;

192
+ = 0 S = S
= + % % :%%$
" 1
S j1 + + k = S 0 + : = S 1 + " S
" + S
" = :
" "
" 1
=:

247. ' = 7 ) ) 9

Solve the DE
Solution:- The given DE
1 1
' = [ ) \ [ ) \ = '
4 4
1
[ ) \ ' = 0 Exact differential equations
4
1
+ = 0 = ) % = '
4
1
= 4 ' = ' % = '
4

=

+ = 0 S = S
= + % % :%%$
1 1
S [ ) \ = S 0 + : S ) = :
4 4
1
S S H S I ) = :
4
1
) = :
4
248. Solved the DE ) + 2 + ' + 2 ) 4 = 0 W2013
) + 2 + ' + 2 ) 4 = 0

193
+ = 0 = ) + 2 % = ' + 2 ) 4

= 4 ' + 2 % = ' 4


' 4 4 ' 2 3 ' 6
= =
) + 2 ' + 2

3 ' + 2
=
' + 2

3

= =

' W 1

1
=
' F = F =
Mw
'
1
J ) + 2 + ' + 2 ) 4K = 0
'
2
[ + \ + [ + 2 4 ' \ = 0
"
2
=+ % = + 2 4 '
"
4 4
= 1 ' % =1 ' =

The solution of given DE is

+ = 0 S = S
= + % % :%%$
2
S [ + \ = S 2 [ + " \ S 1 = 2 S + :
2
"
2
[ + \ = " + :
"
249. Solve the DE log + log = 0 W2012

194
log + log = 0
+ = 0 = log % = log
1
= + log = 1 + log % =1


1 1 log 1
= =
log
1
= =
F = F =

W 1 M

1 1
J log + log K = 0 log + [ log \ = 0

1 1
= % = =

#$%
The DE
1
log + [ log \ = 0 :+ :

The required solution of DE is
+ = 0 S = S
= + % % :%%$
1 1
S log = S log + : log S 1 = S log + :

1 1
% . . %$% ST log = = =

" log "

log = S + : log = + : log = +:
2 2
250. + + $ + + + = 0 S2008
Solution:- The given equation is
Solve
+ + $ + + + = 0
Comparing with
+ = 0 = + + $ % = + +

195

= % =


=

+ = 0 S = S
= + % % :%%$
S + + $ = S + + :
" "
+ + $ = + + :
2 2
251. Solve the DE + 1 3 = 0

" "
W2008
Solution:- The given diff. equation is
+ 1 3 " " = 0 + 3 ' " = 0
This of the type

+ = 0 = % = 3 ' "

= 1 % = 1 9 " "


1 1 1
= = = ' '
+ 3
' ' 3
1 1 1 1
J + 3 ' " K = 0 ' " + [ " ' \ = 0
3
' ' 3 3
Again this is of the type + = 0
1 1 2 2
= % = " ' 1 = ' ' % = ' '
3
' " 3 3 3

=

1 1 1 1
S + S [ \ = : " S
' S = :
3
' " 3
1
" 1
j k log|| = : " " log|| = :
3 2
" 6

196
252. Solve the DE " ) + 2 ' + 4 ' = 0 S2011
% : =
Y Z
Here

" ) + 2 ' + 4 ' = 0 " ) + 2 ' + 4 ' = 0
" + 2 + ' + 4 = 0
" n + 2 + n ' + 4 = 0
This of the type
+ + % + + + % = 0 %

# #
= 2, = 0 + = 1 , % = 2, = 0, = 3, + = 1, % = 4
2++1 0++1 0++1 3++1

= % =
1 2 1 4
2 = 5 % 4 + 4 = 4 4 + = 8
13 13 13 2
6 = 13 = 2 [ \ = 5 = 5 + =
6 6 3 3
2
= = =
'/v "/'
3

'/v "/' J " ) + 2 ' + 4 ' K = 0
X
/v d/'
'/v )/' Y + X2 d/v "/' + 4
/v /' Y = 0
5
/v "/' 14
'/v /'
=
/v d/'
'/v )/' =
3 3
5 7
= 2 d/v "/' + 4
/v /' = 2
/v "/' + 4 [ \
'/v /'
6 6
5
/v "/' 14
'/v /'
=
3 3

= : =

SX
/v d/'
'/v )/' Y = S 0 + :
d
v d/'
v )/' 6 d d 6 )
= : v ' +
v ' = :
5/6 7/6 5 7
253. Solve the DE 2 " " + ' 3 = 0 W2007

197
2 " " + ' 3 = 0 2 " " + ' + 3 = 0

" 2 + + 3 = 0
" 2 + n n + 3 = 0
This of the type
+ + % + + + % = 0 %

# #
= 2, = 1 + = 2 , % = 1, = 0, = 0, + = 1, % = 3
++1 ++1 + + 1 + + 1
= % =
+ % + %
2++1 1++1 0++1 0++1
= % =
2 1 1 3
3+ +2 +1 +1
= % =
2 1 1 3
3 = 2 + 4 + 2 = 7 % 3 + 3 = + 1 3 = 2
+ 2 = 7 . .1
6 2 = 4 2
11 11 49 + 11 38 19
= 2 = 7 + 2 = 2 = =
7 7 7 7 7
=
/
`/

/
`/ J 2 " " + ' 3K = 0
X2 '/
d/ +
/
"/ Y X n/
"/ 3
)/
`/ Y = 0
10 12
= 2 '/
d/ +
/
"/ = '/
"/
/
`/
7 7
10 12
= n/
"/ + 3
)/
`/ = '/
"/
/
`/
7 7

= : =

SX2 '/
d/ +
/
"/ Y = S 0
n/
)/ 7 7
2
d/
+
"/
= : n/
d/
)/
"/ = :
10/7 4/7 5 4
254. Solve the DE = + 2
'
S2008
= ' + 2 = ' + 2

'
= = "
% . %.
2

+ 2


198
The differential equation of the type + | = V | = % V = "

1 "
1
"
= = =
" F =
"
W
1
" W 1

" = S
" "
+ :
" =
+ :
255. Solve the DE 1 + " = tan

W2011, S2014
tan

1 + " = tan
=
1 + "
tan
1 tan

= = % =
1
1 + " 1 + " 1 + "
+
1 + "
1 tan

:+S%$ + | = V | = % V =

1 + " 1 + "

=
W
;
1
= C
M
T ,T% $y% =
= S V + :
tan

= S C ST tan
= =
1 + "
C
M M
1+ "
C = S %$% S + #~= T,

M

C = S S H S I
M

C = + : C = tan
C C +:
M M M M
C tan
1 + :
M
256. Solve the DE

sec " = + S2007

sec " = + = +
sec "

sec " = +
T
ST = T = + T = +


199
sec " = T S sec " = S T + :
tan = T + : tan = + :
) 1 + ' = sec S2014

1
257. Solve the DE

) + ' = sec ' [ + \ = sec

T
ST = T + =

T T
' = sec T = ' cos T T =
'
sec T
1
S cos T T = S
' + : sin T = +:
2 "
1
sin + =:
2 "
258. Solve the DE = " + " + W2010
= " + " +
T 1
ST " + " = T 2 + 2 = + = T
2

= y = y = y

1 1 T"
y = T [ T\ S y = S TT + : y = +:
2 2 2
" + " "

= +:
2
259. Solve the DE " + " 1 + " + " + 1 = 0
" + " 1 + " + " + 1 = 0
" + " + " + " + = 0
" + " + + = 0
T 2 + 2 T
ST " + " = T 2 + 2 = =


200
T
2 + 2 = T + =
2
T
T
+ = 0
2
1 T" " "
S T T + S S = 0 =0
2 4 2 2
260. 7_9 ^ =

^
Solve the DE W2008
x + y a dy + +
[ \ = TT% +
x + y + b dx +
T T
ST + = T 1 + = = 1

u a T T + T T+ T+
7 9 [ 1\ = 1=
u + b T T T
T T" + T + T + T T" + + T +
=1+ " =1+ "
T T T + T + T +
T T" + T + + T" + + T +
=
T" + T +
T 2T" + 2 T" + T +

= " T =
T + T + 2T" + 2
T" + + T
T [ \ " T =
2 T +
" 2 T +
1 + 2T
S 1 T S " T = S 1 + :
2 4 T +
1 + 2T
T log 1 " 1=+:
3 4 T +
1 + 2 +
+ log 2 2=+:
3 4 + " +
261. Solve the DE sin 1 + 2 = tan' /2 W2013

1
Solution:- The given differential equation is

sin + 2 = tan' /2 %,% %, T%

2 tan' 729 2 tan' 729
+ = + =
sin sin sin 2 sin 2 cos 2
201
1
+ 2:: = tan" sec "

2 2 2
This is of the type + | = V | = 2:: % V = tan" sec "

1
1 " " "
= W "l1 = " F|l

| = :: :"
1 cos " 2 sin" /2

"
= [ \ = j k = tan"
sin sin 2 sin /2 cos /2 2
,T% = = S V
1
tan" = S tan" sec " 7tan" 9
2 2 2 2 2
1
tan" = S tan) sec "
2 2 2 2
Put tan " = " sec " " =

d tan /2d
tan" = S ) + : tan" = + : tan" = + :
2 2 5 2 5
262. cos 1 + + sin = 1 S2013

1
Solve the DE

cos + + sin = 1 cos + = 1 sin

%% ,% :%y ,%
1 1 sin
+ = + sec = sec tan
cos cos cos

S + | = V | = sec V = sec tan

= W A4E 1 = F|A4E C | = sec + tan
sec + tan = S sec + tan sec tan + :
sec + tan = S sec " tan" + :
sec + tan = S 1 + : sec + tan = + :
263. Solve the DE " 1 + " + 1 + " = 0 W2011

202
" 1 + " + 1 + " = 0

"
" 1 + " = 1 + " =
1 + " 1 + "
y, S, %$%$
"
S = S +:
1 + " 1 + "
1 + " 1 1 2
S = S " +:
1 + " 2 1 + "
1 1
S 1 S = S
1

2 1 +

1 + "
1
:% S
1 +
1 # R # + R 1 +
= +
1 + 1 + 1 +
1 = # + R 1 + ST = 0 R = 1 ST = 1 # = 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
= + S = S + S
1 + 1+ 1 + 1+
1 1
S = log|| + log|1 + | S = log 1 1
1 + 1 + 1+
1 "
tan
= log 2 2+:
2 1 + "
264. + 7 + 1 9 + % 7 1 9 = 0 W2011
1 1
Solve the DE
+ [ + \ + % [ \ = 0 + + + =0

+ % %

+ + % + + % = 0 + + % = + %

+ + %
+ + % = % + = +. =

% +
y
ST = y =y+

y + + %y y + + %y
y+ = = y
% +y % +y
y + + %y %y + +y " y + 1 + y "
= =
% +y % +y
% +y % +y
y = y y =
+ 1 + y " + 1 + y " + 1 + y "
Variables are seperable integrating both sides
% +y 1
S y S y = S + :
+ 1 + y
" + 1 + y
"

203
+ 1 1 2y 1
S y S y = S + :
% 1+y " 2 1+y "
+ 1
tan
y log|1 + y " | = log|| + :
% 2
+ 1
tan
/ log|1 + /" | = log|| + :
% 2
+ 1 " + "
tan
/ log 2 2 = log|| + :
% 2 "
+ 1
tan
/ log| " + " | + log|| = log|| + :
% 2
+ 1
tan
/ log| " + " | = :
% 2
265. Solve the DE 1 + 1 + " 1 = 0 S2012
1 + 1 + " 1 = 0
1 = 1 + " 1
1 = 1 + " 1
1 1 1 1
= =

1 + " 1 + "

1 + "
1 1
S S = S S
1 2
1 + "

2 1 + "
1
tan
log|1 + " | = log|| + :
2
266. Solve the DE + log = 0 W2012
+ log = 0 + log = 0

log
+ log = [ + \=

y
ST = y = y =y+

y log y log log
y+ =y+ = y = "

Variable are separable integrating both sides
S y = S
" log

y = log S
" S H log S
" I

1
log
y = log j kS j k y = + S
" + :
1 1
log 1 log 1
y= +: = +:


204
267. X1 + / Y + / 71 9 = 0 S2013

Solve the DE

/ 71 9

X1 + / Y + / [1 \ = 0 =
1 +
/
y
ST = y = y =y+

y 1 y y 1 y
y+ = = y
1 + 1 +
y + y y y y + y
= =
1 + 1 +
1 1 + 1 1 +
= = y
y +y +y
1 1 +
S = S y + log : log|| = log|y + | + log :
y +

log|| + log 1 + / 1 = log : log 1 [ + / \1 = log :

log] + / ] = log : + / = :
268. Solve the DE ' 1 = 1 " + " " " W2013

1
' = 1 " + " " " ' = 1 " + " 1 "

' 1 "
' = 1 " 1 + " =

1 + "

' 1 "
S = S + :
1 + "

' + 1
S = S [ \ + :
1+ "
1 + " 1
S S = S S + :

1 + " 1 + "
"
S S = log||
1 2
+:
2

2 1 + "
205
" 1 "|
"
log|1 + = log|| + :
2 2 2
269. Solve the DE + 2 " " + " " = 0 W2010
+ 2 " " + " " = 0 % :

1 + 2 + 1 = 1 + 2 + 1 =
This is of the type
, + $ , = 0 %
1
= 0

1 1
= = " "
+ 2 " " +
" " 3
1
J + 2 " + " K = 0
3 " "
1 2 1 1
[ " + \ + [ \ = 0
3 3 3 " 3
1 2 1 1 1 1
= + = " " , = = " "
3 3
" 3 3 " 3 3
the given DE becomes exact

Y Z

1 2 1
S [ " + \ = S [ \
3 3 3
1 2 1
+ log|| + log|| = :
3 3 3
270. Solve the DE 3 1 " " + 2 " 1 ' = ' W2010

1
1
3 1 " " + 2 " 1 ' = '

'
" = %% ,% =
2 " 1 '
3 1 "
+
3 1 "
1
ST ' = 3 " = " =
3
1 2 " 1 '
+ =
3 3 1 " 3 1 "

206
2 " 1 '
+ =
1 " 1 "
,% =
X" ;
Y
=
;
W 1
Consider W
; = W

X" ;
Y " ;
2 " 1 # R a
= + +
1 1 + 1 1 +
2 " 1 # 1 1 + + R 1 + + a 1
=
1 1 + 1 1 +
2 " 1 = # 1 1 + + R 1 + + a 1
1
ST = 0 1 = # , ST = 1 1 = 2R R =
2
1
ST = 1 1 = 2a a =
2
1 1
2 " 1 1 2 2
= + +
1 1 + 1 1+
2 " 1 1 1
S = log|| log|1 | log|1 + |
1
" 2 2

S = G " 9^ = log 7 G1 " 9
2 " 1
]log 7 1
1 "

1
= FX
= 7G1 " 9 =
M
;Y
1 "
The required general solution of given DE is
1 1 '
. =S j k
1 " 1 " 1 "
1
' = S
1 " 1 " '/"
T 1
ST % . . . %$% 1 " = T = 2 = T
2
1 T 1
' = S '/" + : ' = S T
'/" T + :
1 " 2 T 1 " 2
1 T
/" 1 1
' = + : ' = + :
1 " 2 1/2 1 " T

207
1 1
' = :
1 " 1 "
271. S2011
1 w
Solve the DE
1
= l ;m ;
' " + " " "

= " = = ' + '
+ " '
1 1
= "
' + = "
'

Multiply both sides by

"
1

"
" =
' %% ,% =

1
ST
" = 2
" =
" =
2
1 1 2
=
' + = 2
' ,% =
2
= W "/1 = " F = F = "

;
1
. " = 2 S
' " + : "
" = 2 S + :

"
" = 2 log|| + : "
" + 2 log|| = :
272. Solve the DE 1 + " W2013

1
=1
1
1
1 + " =1 = = 1 + "

1 +
"

= + " ' = " '

Multiply both sides by

"

"
= ' %% ,% =

ST
=
" =
" =

= ' + = ' ,% =

= W 1 =
; /"

208
The general solution of given DE is
. = S ' = S "

; /" ; /"
.
; /" ; /"
" 2
ST =T = T = T
2 2
. = S 2T T
; /"
. = H2T 2 S TI + :
; /"
. = 2T + 2 + :
; /"
/" " ;
;
= 2 /" + 2 /" + :
;
2
/"
;
= " /" + 2 /" + :

; ;
273. Solve the DE = "

log S2010
1 ; /"
1
= "
/" log %% ,% =
;

+T,S,

"

"
=
/" log
;

ST
=
" =
" =

=
/" log + =
/" log ,% =
; ;

:+S%$ + | = V | = % V =

/" log
;

= W X1 = W 1 =
; /"
. = S X
log Y . = S 1 log
; /" ; /" ; /" ; /"
1
. = Hlog S 1 S I
; /"
. = log + + :
. = log + + :
; /" ; /"

209
;
" ;
= log + + : " + log + = :

274. 1 = '

1 ;
Solve the DE

= '
= '

; ;

+T,S,

'

'
" =

;

1
ST
" = 2
' =
' =

2
1
=
+ 2 = 2
,% =
; ;
2
:+S%$ + | = V | = 2 % V = 2

;

= W "1 =
;
. = S X2
Y . = 2 S 1 + :
; ; ; ;

;

" ;
= 2 + : " = 2 + :

275. Solve the DE 3 " 1 + 2 ' = 4

S2012
1 ;

+ 2 ' = 4
ST ' = 3 " =

3 "
;

+ 2 = 4
,% =
;

:+S%$ + | = V | = 2 % V = 4

;

= W "1 =
;
. = S X4
Y . = 4 S + :
; ; ; ;
"
+ : ' . = 2 " + :
;
'. = 4
;

210
276. H I S2010
l M;m 1
=1
1
Solve the DE

" 1
=1 =

"

"
"
= = =

"

" 1
"
+ =

=

+
Comparing both sides 1 + | = V | =

1 l M;m
% V =

"W

= "
W 1 1
= = "

" 1
. " = S " & ' . " = 2 S + :
2
. " = 2 + :
277. Solve the DE W2011

1
+ log = ; log "

1
1 1 1
+ log = " log " + =
log " log "
1 1 1
ST = = =
log log log
" "
1 1 1 1
+ = " = " ,% =

Comparing with + | = V | = % V = ;

1
1
1
= W X1 =
W1 =
F = F

=
M

1 1 1 1
= S [ " \ . = S
' + :

.

1 1 1 1 1
= "+: = "+:
log 2 log 2
278. Solve the DE + sin 2 = " cos" S2009

1
1

211
1 sin 2
+ sin 2 = ' cos"

= '
cos cos"
"
+

2 sin cos
sec " = ' sec " + tan = '

cos
+ "

ST tan = sec " =

+ = ' ,% =

= W 1 =
; /"
. = S ' . = S "

; /" ; /" ; /" ; /"
T
ST " = T 2 = T =
2
T 1
. = S /" T . /" = S /" T T + :
; /" ;
2 2
1 /"
. /" = UT S /" T S TV + :
;
2 1/2
1 /" 1 /"
. = T + : . /" = T /" /" + :
; /" ;
2 1/2 2 1/2
tan = " +:
; /" ; /" ; /"
279. Solve the DE S2009

1
= "l

1
+1 + 2
= =

+ 2 +1
+ 2 + 2
= = ,% =
1
+1 + 1 + 1 +1
+

1 + 2
:+S%$ + | = V | = % V =
+1 +1

= = F|| = 1 +
W1
+ 2
1 + = S 1 + 1 + = S + 2 S + :
+1
1 + = S S + 2 S + :
1 + = S + S + :

212
1 + = + + :
280. sin W2009

1
= 1 cos cos
1
Solve the DE
sin
sin = 1 cos cos = 1 cos
cos
sin
+ cos = 1 ST cos = sin = sin =
cos
1
" = + = "

+ = 1

+T,S,

"
T T

" +
= ST
= T
" =
" =

T T
+T = T = ,% =

= W
1 =

T
= S
+ : T
= S
+ :
T
= H
S
I + : T
=

+ :

=

+ : =

+ :

=

+ :
cos
281. If is integrating factor of the equation
2 " + + ' = 0 Find n and hence solve the equation. W2007
2 " + + ' = 0
Multiply both sides by integrating factor
J 2 " + + ' K = 0
2 " + + ' = 0 . .1 : =

= = 2 " + % = + '

= J 2 " + K = 2 " + + 2 " +

= 2 " + 2 " + % + 1


213

= J + ' K =

= 2 " + 2 " + % + 1 =

2 " + 2 " + % + 1 + = 0
2 " + 2 " + % + 1 + = 0 2 " + % + 1 + 2 " + = 0
2 " + % + 1 + 1 = 0 % + 2 = 0 % = 2
Putting the value of n in equation 1

" 2 " +
" + ' = 0

2 " +
" + ' = 0
2 " + + '
= 0 j2 "
+ k j + k = 0
" "
Comparing with + = 0 = 2 " + % = 7; + 9

lm lm

= " % = " =

j2 " + k j " + k = 0 : =

The general of DE is W 72 " + 9 + W = :

lm

2 ' "
+ =:
3 2
282. If is integrating factor of the equation

2 + + " = 0 Find n and hence solve the equation.

"
S2010, W2010
2 " + + " = 0
J 2 " + + " K = 0
2 " + + " = 0 . .1 : =

= = 2 " + % = + "

= J 2 " + K = 2 " + + 2 " +


214

= 2 " + 2 " + % + 1

= J + " K =

= 2 " + 2 " + % + 1 =

2 " + 2 " + % + 1 + = 0
2 " + 2 " + % + 1 + = 0 2 " + % + 1 + 2 " + = 0
2 " + % + 1 + 1 = 0 % + 2 = 0 % = 2

" 2 " +
" + " = 0

2 " +
" + " = 0
2 " + + "
= 0 j2 "
+ k j + 1k = 0
" "
Comparing with + = 0 = 2 " + % = 7; + 19

lm lm

= " % = " =

j2 " + k j " + 1k = 0 : =

The general of DE is W 72 " + 9 + W 1 = :

lm

2 '
+ =:
3
283. is integrating factor of the equation

A4E "
If
: " + H3 tan 7 9 I = 0 Find n and hence solve the equation. S2013

sec "
: " + U3 tan [ \ V = 0

sec "
: " + U3 tan [ \ V = 0


215
sec "
: " + U3 tan [ \ V = 0 . .1 : =

sec "
= = : " % = U3 tan [ \ V

= J : " K = : " + : "

= : " % + 1

sec "
= U3 tan [ \ V = 3 sec "

= : " % + 1 = 3 sec "

%+1=3%=2
sec "
" : " + " U3 tan [ \ V = 0

sec "
' : " + " U3 tan [ \ V = 0

A4E "
Comparing with + = 0 = ' : " % = " H3 tan 7
9 I

= 3 " sec " % = 3 " sec " =

sec "
' : " + " U3 tan [ \ V = 0 : =

A4E "
The general of DE is W ' : " + W H " 7 9 I =:

S ' : " S sec " = : ' tan tan = :
284. Solve S
'
+ +S" = + + S2011
Solution :- The given equation is
S' + +S" = + + S' + +S" = + +
= S' + +S" +
Differentiate both sides with respective to
'
= S + +S" +

S S
= 3S" + 2+S +


216
solvable for y
1
=S
1
S S S S
S = 3S" + 2+S + S + + = 3S" + 2+S

S 3S "
+ 2+S
S + + = 3S" + 2+S = j k S
S++
2S" + S" + 2+S + +" +"
= j k S
S++
2S" +" + S + +" 2S" 2+" + +" + S + +"
= U V S = U V S
S++ S++
2 S" +" + +" + S + +"
= U V S
S++
2 S + S + + + +" + S + +"
= U V S
S++
+"
= U2 S + + + S + +V S
S++
+"
= U2S 2+ + + S + +V S
S++
+"
= U3S + + V S
S++
S = S U3S + +
+"
V S + :
S++
S 1 = 3 S S S + S 1 S + +" S
1
S + :
+S
S"
= 3 +S + +" log| + S| + :
2
285. Solve 16
"
+ 2S" S' = 0 S2012
16 " + 2S" S' = 0 2S" = S' 16 "

S' 16 " 1 "
= " = S 8
2S 2S" 2 S"
1 " 1 "
= [ S\ j8 k = S 8 j " k
2 S" 2 S
S
1 S S" 2 " 72S 9
= [S + \ 8
2 S)
1 1 S 16 16 " S
= S+ " + '
2 2 S S
solvable for y 1 = S
1
16 1 1 16 " S

S+ S = j + k
S" 2 2 S'

217
S 16 1 16 S S' + 32 S' + 32 S

+ " = [ + ' \ = j k
2 S 2 S 2S" 2S'
S S
S S' + 32 S' + 32 S' + 32 [S \ = 0

S
S' + 32 = 0 % S = 0

S
=
S
S
S =S + log : log|S| = log|| + log :
S
log|S| = log|:| S = :
286. Solve 4 = +S S2007
" "
4 = " + S"
S S S
4 = 2 + 2S 4 = 2 [ + S \ 2 =+S

solvable for y
1
=S
1
S S S 2S
2S = + S S = 2S =
S
This is homo. DE solve by substitution method
S y
ST S = y =y+

y 2y y 2y 1 y 2y 1 y "
y+ = = y =
y y y
y y
y = y =
y " 2y + 1 y 1"
S y = S + : S y = S
y y1+1
+:
y 1" y 1"
S y S y = S
y1 1
+:
y 1" y 1"
S y S y 1
" y = S
1
+:
y1
y 1

log|y 1| = log|| + :
1
218
1
log|y 1| + = log|| + :
y1
1
= log|| + log|y 1| + :
y1
1
= log| y 1| + :
y1
1
= log| S/ 1| + : = log|S | + :
S/ 1 S
287. Solve S S + = + S2008
S S + = + S" + S = " +
S = " S" S = " S"
S + S" " = 0 S + S S + = 0
S J + S + K = 0 S = 0 % + S + = 0
S = % = S
Consider S=
1
solvable for y =S
1

= =

S = S =
" "
+: : = 0
2 2
Consider = S
S
= 1

1
solvable for y 1
=S
S S S
S = 1 S+1= =
S+1
S = S
S
+ : = log|S + 1| + :
S+1
log|S + 1| = : S + 1 =
S =
1

219

S =
1 S = 1

= j k = +

= 1 1 + = 0
The required general solution is
"
j :k J 1 + K = 0
2
S2008
G
288. + =
GG;
Solve

S
+ = . .1 ,y,
G1 + S"

S
+ j k=0
G1 + S"
S 2S S
G1 + S" Sj k
2G1 + S
"
+ =0
1 + S"
S S S " S " S
1 + S" S" + S S

+ =0 + =0
1 + S" G1 + S" 1 + S" '/"
1 1 S 1 1 S
+ =0 + =0
1 + S
" '/" S 1 + S
" '/"

1 S 1 S
= S =
1 + S
" '/" S 1 + S" '/"
S 1 2S
S S = S + : S S = + :
1 + S
" '/" 2 1 + S" '/"
S
ST 1 + S" = 2S = 1 2S S =

1 1
S '/" = + : S
'/" = + :
2 2
1
/" 1 1
= + : =+: = : . .2
2 1/2 G1 + S"
From eqn. 1 = " = G; 3

G G;
GG;

220
From eqn. 2 : = :" =

4
GG; G;
Adding eqn.3 and 4
S" 1
" + :" = + " + :" = 1
1+S " 1 + S"
289. S = tan 7 W2007

G
9
G;
Solve

S S
S = tan [ \ = tan
S
1+S " 1 + S"
S
= + tan
S 1
1 + S"
S
1 + S" S 1 + S" 1 S

= +
1 + S
" " 1 + S"
S S
1 + S" S [0 + 2S \ 1 S
1
= +
1 + S
" " 1 + S"

S " S " S " S
1 + S 2S + 1 + S
=
S 1 + S" "
S " S " S S " S S

1 + S 2S + + S 1 2

= =
S 1 +S " " S 1 + S" "
1 + S" " S 2S
=2 = S
S 1 + S" "
2S
S S = S + :
1 + S" "
S
ST 1 + S" = 2S = 1 2S S =

1 1
S = + : S
" = + : = + :
"
1
= + : . .2
1 + S"
Eliminating p from equation 1 and equation 2 we get the required general solution

221
290. = W2013
"G
G;
Solve
2S S"
= . .1 2S = + S "
= +
1 + S" 2S 2S
S
= +
2S 2

2S 1 2S 1 S

= + H + S 1I
4S" 2
S
2S 2
2 1 S S
= + +
4S " 2 2

1 1 S S S 1 1 1 S S
= " + + = H " + + SI
S 2S 2S 2 2 S 2 S S
2 1 S S 2 1 S S
= " + +S + " S =0
S S S S S S
1 S S 1 S S
+ " S = 0 " [S + \ [S + \=0
S S S
1 S S
[ 1\ [S + \=0S+ =0
S "
S S
S = =
S
S
S = S + log : log|| = log|S| + log :
S
:
log|| + log|S| = log : log|S| = log : S = : S =

Put in equation 1
:
2S 2 2: 2:
= = = " 1= " " + : " = 2:
1+S " : " +: " + :"
1+ "

291. Solve 9 + S log S = 2 + 3 log SS' W2007, W2012

222
9 + S log S = 2 + 3 log SS'

9H + S log S + S log S 1I = 2 + 3 log S S' + S' 2 + 3 log S

1 S S S 1 S
9 H + [S + log S \ + S log SI = 3S" 2 + 3 log S + S' [0 + 3 \
S S
S S S S S
9 HS + + log S + S log SI = 6S" + 9S" log S + 3S"

S S S S
9 HS + + log S + S log SI = 9S" + 9S" log S

S S S S
9 HS + + log S + S log SI = 9 HS" + S" log S I

S S S S
S+ + log S + S log S S" S" log S =0

S S
S 1 + log S + 1 + log S S" 1 + log S = 0

S S S S
[S + S" \ 1 + log S = 0 S + S" =0

S
S + S" = 0 S + S" S = 0

Comparing with + S = 0

=S = 1 % = S" =1
S

= S + S" S = 0 : . T%
S
The solution of exact DE is
S + S G S = : S S + S S" S = :
S'
S =:
3
292. Solve = S tan S + log cos S W2008
= S tan S + log cos S .1
S 1 S
= S tan S + tan S + sin S
cos S
S S S S
S = S sec " S + tan S tan S S = S sec " S

S
1 = sec " S = sec " S S

S = S sec " S S + : = tan S + :

223
tan S = : S = tan
:
sin S cos S 1 sinJtan

: K
= : = cos S =
cos S sin S : :
sinJtan
: K
= : tan
: + log
:
293. Solve S' 4S + 8 " = 0 S2009
S' + 8 "
S' 4S + 8 " = 0 .1 S' + 8 " = 4S 4 =
S
S" 8
4 = +
S

" S
S S 1 8S 8
"
S" 8
4 = j + k4 = +
S " S"
S
2S S" 8 8 S
1
4 = + "
" S S

4 2S S S" 8 8 S
= +
S " S S"
2S S S" 8 8 S 4
+ =0
" S S" S
2S S S" 4 8 S
+ =0
" S S"
S S 4 S
[2 S\ " [2 S\ = 0
" S
S S 4 S
[2 S\ [ " " \ = 0 2 S=0
S
S S
2 =S2 =
S
S
2S =S + log : 2 log|S| = log|| + log :
S
S" S"
log S" log|| = log : log = log : = : S" = : S = G:

224
Put in equation 1
XG:Y 4G: + 8 " = 0

'
294. Solve S' 2S + 4 " = 0 W2013
S' + 4 "
S' 2S + 4 " = 0 .1 S' + 4 " = 2S 2 =
S
S" 4
2 = +
S

" S
S S 1 4S 4
"
S" 4
2 = j + k2 = +
S " S"
S
2S S" 4 4 S
1
2 = + "
" S S

2 2S S S" 4 4 S
= +
S " S S"
2S S S" 4 4 S 2
+ =0
" S S" S
2S S S" 2 4 S
+ =0
" S S"
S S 2 S
[2 S\ " [2 S\ = 0
" S
S S 2 S
[2 S\ [ " " \ = 0 2 S=0
S
S S
2 =S2 =
S
S
2S =S + log : 2 log|S| = log|| + log :
S
S" S"
log S log|| = log : log = log :
"
= : S" = : S = G:

Put in equation 1
XG:Y 4G: + 8 " = 0

'
295. Solve 2S = sin S" S2011

225
2S = sin S" .1 = 2S + sin S"

= 2S + Jsin S" K

S
= 2S + 2 + cos S" S"

S S
S = 2S + 2 + cos S" [S" + 2S \

S S
2S S + 2 + S" cos S" + 2S cos S" =0

S S
S + 2 + S" cos S" + 2S cos S" =0

S S
[S + 2 \ + S cos S" [S + 2 \ = 0

S S
[S + 2 \ J1 + S cos S" K = 0 S + 2 =0

S S
2 = S 2 =
S
S
2S = S + log : 2 log|S| = log|| + log :
S
: :
log S" + log|| = log : log S" = log : S" = : S" = S=

Put in equation 1
: :
2 = sin 7 9 2: = sin :

296. Solve 4 = S S" 3 S2009
4 = S S" 3 4 = S' 3S
S S
4 = 3S" + S' 3 3S


226
4 S
= S' 3S + 3 S" 1

4 S "
= S' 3S + 3 S 1 =S
S
S " 4
S' 3S + 3 S 1 = 0
S
S "
S) 3S" + 3S S 1 4 = 0

S "
3S S 1 = 4 + 3S" S)

3S S" 1 3S S" 1
S = S =
4 + 3S S
" ) S 3S 4
) "
3S S" 1
S =
S 3S 4
) "
3S S" 1
S S = S +:
S 3S 4
" " "
3S S" 1
S " S = S + + log :
S 4 S" + 1
Consider
3S S" 1 3S S" 1
=
S" 2" S" + 1 S 2 S + 2 S" + 1
3S S" 1 # R aS +
= + + "
S 2 S + 2 S + 1 S 2 S + 2 S + 1
"
3S S" 1 # S + 2 S" + 1 + R S 2 S" + 1 + aS + S 2 S + 2

=
S 2 S + 2 S" + 1 S 2 S + 2 S" + 1
3S S" 1 = # S + 2 S" + 1 + R S 2 S" + 1 + aS + S 2 S + 2
Put S = 2 18 = 20# # = n
`
Put S = 2 18 = 20R R = n
`
Put S = 0 0 = 2# 2R 4 0 = 2 7n9 2 7n9 4

` `
4 = 0 = 0
Put S = 1 0 = 6# 2R 3 a + 0 = 6 7n9 2 7n9 3a

` `

227
18 6
0= 3a : =
5 5
9 9 6
3S S" 1 7 9S +0
= 10 + 10 + 5"
S 2 S + 2 S" + 1 S 2 S + 2 S +1
9 1 9 1 6 2S
S + S + S " S = S + + log :
10 S 2 10 S + 2 10 S + 1
9 9 6
log|S 2| + log|S + 2| + log|S" + 1| = log|| + log :
10 10 10
:
log S 2`/n + log S + 2`/n + log S" + 1'/d = log 1 1

:
S 2`/n S + 2`/n S" + 1'/d =

297. Solve ' S 1 + S' " = 0
' S 1 + S' " = 0 ' S 1 + S' " = 0 . .1
Here 1 is the highest common factor of 3 and 2
ST = % =

= % =

= = = =

S= | = S % =|

Put S = | in equation 1

'
'
' [ | 1\ + [ |\ " = 0 ' [ | 1\ + ' |' " = 0

| ' |' '

' [ \+ =0 | + |' = 0

| + |' = 0 = | + |' .2
Put P= : in equation 2 we get the required general solution
= : + : ' = : + : '

228
298. Solve ) S 1 + S" " = 0 W2008
) S 1 + S" " = 0 " " S 1 + S" " = 0 . .1
ST = " % = "

= 2 " % = 2 "

2 "
= = = =
"
2 " "

S= | = S % =|


"
"
" [ | 1\ + [ |\ = 0 " [ | 1\ + " |" = 0

| " |" "

" [ \+ =0 | + |" = 0

| + |" = 0 = | + |" .2
= : + : " " = " : + : "

299. Solve " S' + " + ' S ' = 0 W2010
" S' + " + ' S ' = 0 1
ST = % =

= % =

= = = =

S= | = S % =|



229
'

[ |\ + " + ' [ |\ ' = 0
"

' |' ' | ) |

+ + ' = 0 ' |' + ' | + ) | ' = 0

' |' + | + | = 0 |' + | + | = 0 2
: ' + : + : = 0 : ' + : 1 + = 0
: ' + : 1 + = 0
300. Solve " log = S + S" W2007
" log = S + S" .1
Put log = = = 1 S = |
1 1
1
" = | + |" " = | " + " |"
" = " | + |" = | + |"
= : + : " log = : + : "
301. Show that the equation " = S + 7 9 is reducible to Clairouts equation by the
G
substitution " = % " = and hence solve it W2008

S
" = S + 7 9 .1

" = % " = 2 = % 2 =

2 = % 2 = =

= S= S= | | =

Put in equation 1
Y= | + 7 | = | + | 2

9

= : + : " = : " + :
230
302. Solve 2S = tan

S" W2009
2S = tan
S" = 2S + tan
S" .1
Comparing with = %S + S

% = 2 ST = " = 2 = 2

1 1
S= S= S= S= |
2 2 2
Put S = | % T% 1

"
1 1 "
= 2[ |\ " + tan
j " [ |\ k
2 2
|" |"
= | + tan
j " k = | + tan

j k2
4 " 4
:" :"
= : + tan
j k = : + tan
j k
4 4
303. Solve 4 S" + S = ) W2008
4 S" + S = ) 4S" + 4S = )
) 4S"
4S = ) 4S" =
4S 4S
=

S = S + 1

)G )G
1
% = 1 ST =
= " = "

" 1 |
S= S= S= " S = " =|

Put =
% S = ; in equation 1
X
|
) 1 |
) "

= [ " \ + = "+
|
4 7 " 9 4|


231
1 |
" 1 | 1 1 1 1
= " = " = [| \
4| 4| " " 4|
1 1 1
1= [| \ = |
4| 4|
1 1
=
= =

1 1
= | 2
4|
1 1
= :
4:
304. Solve = 2S S' " + S

"G W2010
= 2S S' " + S

"G = 2S + S
"G S' " 1
1
% = 2 ST " = = = =
2 2

2 1 |
S= S= S= S= =|
2 2
Put = % S = " in equation 1

X

| |
"
X
| '
= 2 [ "
"
\ +U [ \ XY V
2 2 2
| | |'
= +
X
2
'
8 "
| | |'
= +U
X V
2 8/"
| | |' | 1 |
X |'
= +U
X V = + j k
2 8 2 8
|
X |'
= | + 2
2 8
:
: ' :
: '
= : + = : +
"

2 8 2 8
232
8 " = 8: + 4:

: '
305. Solve = 2S S" S2011
= 2S S" 1
1
% = 2 ST " = = = =
2 2

2 1 |
S= S= S= S= =|
2 2
Put = % S = in equation 1

X
"
| | "
| |"
= 2 [ \ [ \ =
2 2 4XY
"
1 |" |"
= j| k = | .2
4 4
:" :"
= : " = : 4 ' = 4: : "
4 4
306. Solve + S = ) S" S2010
+ S = ) S" = S + ) S" . .1
1
% = 1 ST =
= " = "

S= S= S = " S = " | =|

"

Put =
% S = " | in equation 1
= " |
+
) " |"
= | +
) ) |" = | + |" . .2

233
1 1
= : + : " =
= =

:
= + : "

307. Solve S" S + 1 = 0 S2012
S" S + 1 = 0 S = S" + 1
1
= S + .1
S
Put p= : in equation 1 we get the required general solution
1
= : +
:
308. Solve S S + = " S S2013

S S + = " S . .1

ST " = % " = 2 = % 2 =

= % =
2 2

2 2
S= S= S = | | =
2
2
From equation 1

[ | \ [ | + \ = " |

|
"

j k | + = " |

|
" "

j k | + = " | " | " | + 1 = " |

" = % " = = % =
| | + 1 = " | | | + 1 = " |
" | " |
| = = | .2
|+1 |+1
" : " :
= : " = ":
:+1 :+1
Solve " + " 1 + S" 2 + 1 + S + S + + S" = 0 S2012

" + " 1 + S" 2 + 1 + S + S + + S" = 0 . .1
Put " + " = T % + = y

234
T y
= 2 + 2 % =1+

T y
= 2 [ + \ % =1+

T y
= 2 + S % = 1 + S = S

Put in equation 1 we get
y " y 1 T 1 T "
T [ \ 2y [ \+[ \ = 0
2 2
y " y T 1 T "
T [ \ y + [ \ = 0
4
T T "
y "
1
[ \ T y r s + r s = 0
y 4 y

T 1 T " 1 " T
Ty + [ \ = 0 T y| + | = 0 = |
y 4 y 4 y
1
T = y| + |" 2
4
1 1
T = y: + : " " + " = + : + : "
4 4
309. + ; ` = 1 , * is parameter S2013, S2014
; ;
;
Find orthogonal trajectories of
" "
+ = 1 . .1
" " + *
2 2
+ " =0 "+ " = 0
" + * + *

= " " =
" + * + *
" [ \

Multiply both sides by y
"
= ST % T% 1
+*
"
" [ \

" "
= 1 1=
" "
" [ \ " [ \

" "
= " " = " " =
"
" [ \

235
This is family of DE
For orthogonal trajectories replace

1 1
1 1

" " [ \ = " " =

" "
=

" "
S = S + :

1
" S S = S + :

" "
" log|| = + :
2 2
310. Find orthogonal trajectories of = 1 + cos W W2013
= 1 + cos W .1
Differentiate both sides with respective to W

= sin W 2
W
T% 1 T% 2
1 + cos W 1 + cos W
= =
sin W sin W
W W
sin W
=
1 + cos W W
For orthogonal trajectories replace 1O " 1P

1P 1O
sin W W sin W W
= [ " \ =
1 + cos W 1 + cos W
1 + cos W
= W
sin W
1 1 + cos W
S = S W + log :
sin W
1 1 cos W
S = S W + S W + log :
sin W sin W
log|| = S ::W W + S :W W + log :
log|| = log|::W cot W| + log|sin W| + log :
236
1 cos W
log|| = log|: sin W ::W cot W| = : sin W [ \
sin W sin W
= : 1 cos W = 2: %" W/2
311. = 1 + cos W W2012
"
P
Find orthogonal trajectories of
,
= 1 + cos W . .1

,
= sin W , = " sin W 2
W
" W
T% 1 T% 2
,
= 1 + cos W 1 = 1 + cos W 1 = 1 + cos W
" sin W " sin W W sin W W
,
W
For orthogonal trajectories replace 1O "

1P 1O
1P
1 + cos W W 1 + cos W W 1 + cos W
1= [ " \ 1 = [ \ = W
sin W sin W sin W
1 + cos W
S = S W + :
sin W
1 1 cos W
S = S W S W + log :
sin W sin W
log|| = S ::W W S :W W + log :
log|| = log|::W cot W| log|sin W| + log :
log|| + log|::W cot W| + log|sin W| = log :
1 cos W
log| sin W ::W cot W| = log : sin W [ \=:
sin W sin W
W
1 cos W = : 2%" [ \ = :
2
312. Find orthogonal trajectories of = EFA O 2 = + cos W S2011
"
2
= 1 + cos W = 2 . .1
1 + cos W

sin W + 1 + cos W = 0 1 + cos W = sin W
W W

237

1P 1O
W W
1 + cos W [ " \ = sin W 1 + cos W [ \ = sin W

1 + cos W 1 + cos W
W = = W
sin W sin W
1 + cos W
S = S W + :
sin W
1 1 cos W
S = S W S W + log :
sin W sin W
log|| = S ::W W S :W W + log :
log|| = log|::W cot W| log|sin W| + log :
log|| + log|::W cot W| + log|sin W| = log :
1 cos W
log| sin W ::W cot W| = log : sin W [ \=:
sin W sin W
W
1 cos W = : 2%" [ \ = :
2
313. Find orthogonal trajectories of = sin %W S2008
= sin %W .1

%
= % cos %W .2
W
T% 1 T% 2

sin %W sin %W
= =
% cos %W % cos %W
%
%

W W
1
= tan %W = tan %W
1 W
W

1P 1O
W W
= tan %W [ " \ 1 = tan %W

= tan %W W


238
1
S = S tan %W W S = S % tan %W W
%
1
log|| = log|sec %W| + log :
%
1
log|| + log|sec %W| = log : log|| + log sec %W/ = log :
%
logo sec %W/ p = log : sec %W/ = :
314. Find orthogonal trajectories of " = '
" = ' .1

2 = 3 " 2

T% 1 T% 2
" '
= = =
3 " 3 2 3
2 2

For orthogonal trajectories replace 1 1

1 1
1 1
= [ \ =
2 3 2 3
1 1 1 1
S = S + : S = S + :
2 3 2 3
1 " 1 " " " " "

= +: + =: + =:
2 2 3 2 4 6 6 4
315. Find orthogonal trajectories of " = 1 + " where a is parameter S2009

" = 1 + " . .1

2 = 2 2

T% 1 T% 2
"
1 + " 1 + " 1 + "
= = =
2
2

239

1 1
1 1
For orthogonal trajectories replace
1 + " 1 + "
= [ \ =

1 + " 1
S = S + : S = S S + :

" " " "

= log|| + : + + log|| = :
2 2 2 2
316. Find orthogonal trajectories of the curve = + : through the point 1 ,0

W2010
= + : .1

= 1 + : 1 = :

ST : = 1 % T% 1

=+ 1

For orthogonal trajectories replace 1 1

1 1

= + [ \1 = 1

This is linear DE comparing with

+ | = V | = 1 , V = 1

= W X1 = W
1 =

~ T ,T% =
= S V + :
= S 1
+ :

= S
S
+ :

= S
S [1 S
\ +
+ :

=
+ S
+
+ :

=
+
+
+ :
240

=
+ 2
+ :
To find particular solution when = 1 , = 0
n 1 = 0
n + 2
n + :
1 = 2 + : : = 1

=
+ 2
1
=
+ 2 1
Divided both sides by
1
= + 2
= + 2

317. Solve S = W2011

G
1 S" 1 " "
S = =
S S
S 1 = S S = " " S
" " " "
S" " " S = 0 . .1

This is a quadratic equation in p it has to roots to find roots of quadratic equation
Comparing equation 1 with " + + : = 0 =

;
)
"
= , = " "
, : =

" "
G " " " + 4 " "
S=
2
" " G " " 2 " " + " " + 4 " "
S=
2
G " " + 2 " " + " "
" "
S=
2
" " G " + " " " " " + "
S= S=
2 2
" " + " + " " " " "
S= % S =
2 2
2 "
2 "

S= % S = S= % S =
2 2
S = 0 % S + = 0
Consider S = 01 = 0
1
= 0
" " " "
S S = : =: : = 0
2 2 2 2
Consider S + = 01 + = 0
1

= =


S = S + log : log + log = log :

log = log : : = 0
" "
j :k : = 0
2 2

241
318. Solve S

"
3 " 2 " S 6 = 0 S2011
S" 3 " 2 " S 6 = 0 . .1

;
)
"
= , = 3 " 2 "
, : = 6
3 " 2 " G 3 " 2 " " + 24 " "
S=
2
3 2 G 3 12 " " + 2 " " + 24 " "
" " " "
S=
2
3 " 2 " G 3 " " + 12 " " + 2 " "
S=
2
3 " 2 " G 3 " + 2 " " " " 3 " + 2 "
S= S=
2 2
3 2 + 3 + 2
" " " "
3 2 3 " 2 "
" "
S= % S =
2 2
6 "
4 "
3 2
S= % S = S= % S =
2 2
S 3 = 0 % S + 2 = 0
Consider S 3 = 01 3 = 0
1
3 = 0
" 3 " " 3 "
S 3 S = : =: : =0
2 2 2 2
Consider S + 2 = 01 + 2 = 0
1

= 2 = 2


S = 2 S + log : log + 2 log = log :

log + log " = log : log " = log : " : = 0
" 3 "
j :k " : = 0
2 2
319. Solve S" + " " S = 0 W2012
S" + " " S = 0 . .1
Comparing equation 1 with # " + R + a = 0 =

::;
)9;
"9
# = , R = " , a =
"
" " G " " " + 4 " "

S=
2
+ G " " 2 " " + " " + 4 " "
" "
S=
2
242
" + " G " " 2 " " + " " + 4 " "
S=
2
+ G " + 2 " " + " "
" " "
S=
2
" + " G " + " " " + " " + "
S= S=
2 2
+
" " " "
+ " + " + "
"
S= % S =
2 2
2 "
2 "

S= % S = S= % S =
2 2
S + = 0 % S = 0
Consider a S + = 0 1 + = 0
1
+ = 0
" " " "
S + S = : =: + : =0
2 2 2 2
Consider S = 01 = 0
1

= =


S =S + log : log log = log :

log 7 9 = log : : = 0

" "
j + :k 7 :9 = 0
2 2
320. Solve S
"
+ 2S cot = 0
"
S2012
S" + 2S cot " = 0 S" + 2 cot S " = 0 .1


;
)
"
= 1 , = 2 cot , : = "
2 cot G 2 cot " + 4 "
S=
2
2 cot G4 " cot " + 4 "
S=
2
2 cot G4 " cot " + 1
S=
2
2 cot G4 ::
" " 2 cot 2::
S= S=
2 2
S = cot ::
S = cot + :: % S = cot ::

243

= cot + :: % = cot ::

Consider 1 = cot + :: = cot + ::
1 1

S = S cot + S :: + log :

log|| = log|sin | + log|:: cot | + log :
log|| = log|: sin :: cot |
1 :
= : sin :: cot = : sin [ \
% %

= : 1 : = 2: sin" 7 9 2: sin" 7 9 = 0
2 2
Consider 1 = cot :: = cot ::
1 1

S = S cot S :: + log :

log|| = log|sin | log|:: cot | + log :
: sin : sin
log|| = log 1 1=
:: cot :: cot
"
: [2 % 7 9 : 7
: sin :%
"
2 29\
= = =
1 : 1 : 2 sin" 729

% %

= 2: cos " 7 9 2: cos" 7 9 = 0
2 2

] 2: sin" 7 9^ ] 2: cos " 7 9^ = 0
2 2
321. Solve S = G1 + S
" " + " S2009
S
S = G1 + S" " + " " + " = 1
G1 + S"
ST = cos W % = sin W
+ = " cos " W + " sin" W " + " = "
" "

= G " + " tan W = W = tan
7 9

S "
=
G1 + S" " "
+7 9
W
Equation 1 becomes
" 1 "
" = 1= " + [ \ = 1
W
" + 7 9 " + 7 9
" "
W W
Squaring both sides
" "
" + [ \ = 1 [ \ = 1 "
W W

= G1 " = W
W 1 "
244

S = S W + : sin
= W + :
1 "

sin
7G " + " 9 = tan
7 9 + :

322.
= = + W ; Find the current i
Q1
The equation of electromotive forces in terms of the current i for an electrical circuit
when = = =n sin a S2011 ,S2013

having resistance R and a condenser of capacity C, in a series is
Solution:- It is given that

= = + S =n sin a = + S
a a
Differentiate both sides with respective to t

=n sin a = + [S \
a
1
=n cos a a = + + = a=n cos a
a a
1 a=n
+ = cos a
a
This is linear differential equation
Comparing with + | = V | = b; % V = cos a
1 cd{
1 b

= Wb; 1 = b; W 1 = /b;
a=n
. b; = S b; cos a +

a=n
. b; = S b; cos a +

Consider W fg cos a
e

, = S b; cos a T #~= T,

= cos a S b; S H cos a S b; I

b; b;
= cos a + S sin a a
1/a 1/a

= a cos a b; + aa S b; sin a

= a cos a b; + aa sin a S b; S H sin a S b; I

b; b;
= a cos a b; + aa sin a S cos a a
1/a 1/a

= a cos a b; + aa a sin a b; aa

= a cos a b; + " a " a sin a b; " a " a"

+ " a " a" = a cos a b; + " a " a sin a b;

1 + " a " a" = a cos a b; + " a " a sin a b;
1
= [a cos a b; + " a " a sin a b; \
1 + "a " a"
245
a=n
. b; = [a cos a b; + " a " a sin a b; \ +
1 + a a
" " "

aa=n b;
. b;
= cos a + aa sin a +
b;
1 + a a
" " "
aa=n
= cos a + aa sin a +
b;
1 + aa "
aa = tan
aa=n
= cos a + tan sin a +
b;
1 + tan
"
aa=n sin
= [cos a + sin a \ +
b;
sec
" cos
aa=n cos a cos + sin a sin
= [ \ +
b;
1/ cos
" cos

= aa=n cos cos a +
b;
323.
Q1
when = = 17 sin 10

Solution :- It is given that

17 sin 10 = + S
= = + S
a a

X17 sin 10Y = + [S \
a
1
17 cos 10 10 = + + = 1017 cos 10
a a
1 1017
+ = cos 10
a
Comparing with + | = V | = b; % V = cos 10
1 n
1 b

= Wb; 1 = = /b;
b; W
1
1017
. b; = S b; cos 10 +

1017
. b; = S b; cos 10 +

Consider W fg cos 10
e

, = S b; cos 10 T #~= T,

= cos 10 S b; S H cos 10 S b; I

b; b;
= cos 10 + S sin 10 10
1/a 1/a

= a cos 10 b; + 10a S b; sin 10

= a cos 10 b; + 10a sin 10 S b; S H sin 10 S b; I


246

b; b;
= a cos 10 b; + 10a sin 10 S cos 10 10
1/a 1/a

= a cos 10 b; + 10a a sin 10 b; 10a

= a cos 10 b; + 10 " a " sin 10 b; 100 " a "

+ 100" a " = a cos 10 b; + 10 " a " sin 10 b;

1 + 100 " a " = a cos 10 b; + 10" a " sin 10 b;
1
= [a cos 10 b; + 10 " a " sin 10 b; \
1 + 100 a " "
1017
. b; = [a cos 10 b; + 10 " a " sin 10 b; \ +
1 + 100" a "

1017a b;
. b;
= cos 10 + 10a sin 10 +
b;
1 + 100 " a "
1017a
= cos 10 + 10a sin 10 +
b;
1 + 10a"
aa = tan T a = 10 10 a = tan
1017a
= cos 10 + tan sin 10 +
b;
1 + tan
"
1017a sin
= [cos 10 + sin 10 \ +
b;
sec
" cos
1017a cos 10 cos + sin 10 sin
= [ \ +
b;
1/ cos" cos

= 1017a cos cos 10 +
b;
324.
Q1
when = = 10 sin volts and = 0 % = 0 . find as a function of t


= = + S 10 sin = + S
a a

10 sin = + [S \
a
1
10 cos = + + = 10 cos
a a
1 10
+ = cos
a
Comparing with + | = V | = b; % V = cos
1 n
1 b

= Wb; 1 = = /b;
b; W
1
10
. b; = S b; cos +

10
. b; = S b; cos +


247
Consider W fg cos
e

, = S b; cos T #~= T,

= cos S b; S H cos S b; I

b; b;
= cos + S sin
1/a 1/a

= a cos b; + a S b; sin

= a cos b; + a sin S b; S H sin S b; I

b; b;
= a cos b; + a sin S cos
1/a 1/a

= a cos b; + a a sin b; a

= a cos b; + " a " sin b; " a "

+ " a " = a cos b; + " a " sin b;

1 + " a " = a cos b; + " a " sin b;
1
= [a cos b; + " a " sin b; \
1+ a " "
10
. b; = [a cos b; + " a " sin b; \ +
1 + a
" "

10a b;
. b;
= cos + a sin +
b;
1 + a
" "
10a
= cos 10 + a sin +
b;
1 + a "
aa = tan T a = 1 a = tan

10a
= cos + tan sin +
b;
1 + tan
"
10a sin
= [cos + sin \ +
b;
sec
" cos
10a cos cos + sin sin
= [ \ +
b;
1/ cos
" cos

= 10a cos cos +
b;
325.
1 + ; = . Hence show if V = 0 = 0 , V = a 71 9 and
A condenser of capacity C is charged through a resistance R by steady voltage V. Prove that the
1h h
e
fg
find the current follow into the plate. If a = 5 10

d , = 2000 y, % = 200 +
charge Q on the plate is given
calculate the current at the instant of closing the switch and after 0.05 :%
W2007, W2013

Solution:- Mathematically the Kirchoffs law state that
y,$ S : a + y,$ S : =
V V V V
+ = + =
a a

248
To show that V = a 71
fg 9
e
V V V V V 1
+ = + = + [ \V =
a a a
Comparing with 1 + | = V | = b; % V = b

1 j

= Wb; 1 = b; W 1 = /b;

V. b; = S b; + V. b; = S b; +

b;
V. b; = + V. b; = a b; +
1/a
Divided both sides by fg

e

V = a + V = a +
b; .1
b;
$y% if V = 0 = 0 0 = a + n 0 = a + = a
Put in equation 1

V = a a
b; V = a [1
b; \
To find current i
V
= = Ha [1
b; \I = a [1
b; \

1

= a [0 + b; \ =
b;
a
Given a = 5 10
d , = 2000 y, % = 200 +
2000

= "nn dn M
= 10 n :,%$ = 0
200
2000
n.nd
= 10 +S = 0.05 = "nn dnM
200
dnM;
= 10 = 10
d +S

nM;
326. A constant electromotive forces E volts is applied to a circuit containing a constant resistance
:% S2012, S2014

> F "
R ohms in series and constant inductance L henries if the initial current is zero , show that the
b
current build up to half its theoretical maximum is
= = Electromotive forces , R = Resistance and L = Inductance

249
, = :T% % ::T + By Kirchoffs law
=
+ = = + =

Comparing with 1 + | = V | = > % V = >

1 b d
b b
= W > 1 = > W 1 = b/>
= =
. b/> = S b/> + . b/> = S b/> +

= b/>
= =
. b/> = + . b/> = b/> + = +
b/> . .1
/
= =
%,, = 0 , = 0 0 = + n =

= =
b/> =
|T % T% 1 = = X1
b/> Y . .2

1=
= % = ~ :%
2
1= =
|T % T% 2 = X1
kb/> Y
2
1 1 1
= 1
kb/>
kb/> = 1
kb/> =
2 2 2
1 ~ 1 ~ 1
logX
kb/> Y = log [ \ log = log [ \ = log
2 2 2
1 1

1 log 2 ,$ 729 log 2
~ = log ~ = ~= ~=
2
327.
volts. Find the current in a circuit as a function of time S2006
A resistance of 100 ohms an inductance of 0.5 henry are connected in series with battery of 20
= = Electromotive forces , R = Resistance and L = Inductance
, = :T% % ::T + By Kirchoffs law
=
+ = = + =

Comparing with + | = V | = % V =

1 b d
1 > >
b b
= W > 1 = > W 1 = b/>
= =
. b/> = S b/> + . b/> = S b/> +

= b/> = =
. b/> = + . b/> = b/> + = +
b/> . .1
/
= =
%,, = 0 , = 0 0 = + n =

250
= =
b/> =
|T % T% 1 = = X1
b/> Y . .2

= 100 + , = 0.5 henry , E = 20 volts
20 1
= X1
nn/n.d Y = 1
"nn = 0.2 1
"nn +S
100 5
328.
% " in the two branches. If initially
A resistance R in series with inductance L is shunted by an equal resistance R with capacity C.
an alternating electromotive force Esinpt product current
there is no current determine % " from the equations

" "
+ = = sin S % + = S= cos S
a
Verify that if " a = the total current will be + " = S20007
d ABC G
b
Solution:- The given first equation is
=
+ = = sin S + [ \ = sin S

Comparing with 1 + | = V | = > % V = > sin S

1 b d
b b
= W > 1 = > W 1 = b/>
= =
. b/> = S b/> [ sin S\ + . b/> = S b/> sin S +

Consider W b/> sin S

, = S b/> sin S T #~= T,

= sinp S b/> S H sinp S b/> I

b/> b/>
= sinp S S cosp
/ /
S
= b/> %S S b/> cosp

S
= b/> %S cosp S b/> S H cosp S b/> I

b/> S b/> b/>
= %S cosp + S S sinp
/ /
S S
= b/> %S :S b/> +

b/> S" S
" "
= %S " :S b/> "

S" " b/> S"
+ " = %S " :S b/>

S" " b/> S"
j1 + " k = %S " :S b/>

1 b/> S"
= j %S :S b/> k
S" " "
1+ "


251
" b/> S"

= j %S :S k
" + S" " "
= " b/> S"
. b/> = j %S :S k +
" + S" " "
= S
= " [%S :S\ +
b/>
+S " "
%,, = 0 % = 0
= S S=
0= " + =
+S " " " + S" "
= S S=
= " [%S :S\ +
b/>
+S " " " + S" "
= S= ' a
= " %S Sa:S +
/b;
+ S" ) a " ' 1 + S" " a "
= S=a
= %S Sa:S +
/b;
+S a " ' " 1 + S" " a "
The given second equation is
" " " 1 S=

+ = S= cos S + [ \ " = cos S
a a
Comparing with 1 + | = V | = ;b % V = cos S

1 Gd
b

= W;b1 = ;b W 1 = /;b
S= S=
" . /;b = S /;b [ cos S\ + " . /;b = S /;b cos S +

Consider W fg cosp
e

, = S b; cos S T #~= T,

= cos S S b; S H cosp S b; I

b; b;
= cos + S S sinp
1/a 1/a

= a cos S b; + Sa S b; sinp

= a cosp b; + Sa sinp S b; S H sinp S b; I

b; b;
= a cos S b; + Sa sinp S S cosp
1/a 1/a

= a cos S b; + Sa a sinp b; Sa

= a cos S b; + S " a " sin S b; S" " a "

+ S" " a " = a cos S b; + S " a " sin S b;

252

1 + S" " a " = a cos S b; + S " a " sinp b;
1
= [a cos S b; + S " a " sinp b; \
1+S a" " "

S= b;
" . /;b = a cos S + S " a " sinp +
1 + S" " a "
S=a
" = cos S + Sa sinp +
b;
1 + S" " a "
%,, = 0 % = 0
S=a S=a
0= + =
1+S a
" " " 1 + S" " a "
S=a S=a
" = cos S + Sa sinp
b;
1+S a
" " " 1+S a
" " "
= S=a
+ " = %S Sa:S +
/b;
+S a
" ' " 1 + S" " a "
S=a S=a
+ cos S + Sa sinp
b;
1 + S" " a " 1 + S" " a "
=%S S=a S=a S" =a "

+ " = :S + :S + sinp
+ S" ' a " 1 + S" " : " 1 + S" " a " 1 + S" " a "
=%S S" " =a "

+ " = + sinp
+ S" ' a " + S" ' a "
=%S 1 + S" " a " =%S

+ " = + " =
1 + S a
" " "
******************************************************************************************************

253
COMPLEX NUMBERS
A number of the type + , % = 1 is called as complex number. The complex
number is denoted by z
= +
Real part of = . . = , Imaginary part of = . . =
Polar from of complex number
= +

= cos W cos W = , = sin W sin W =

" " " + "

sin" W + cos" W = + 1 = " = " + " = G" + "
" " "
sin W / || ||

tan W = tan W = tan W = W = tan
j k
cos W / || ||
= + = cos W + sin W = cos W + sin W = :W = QO
||
= G" + " % W = tan
j k
||
In general the polar form of complex number is
= Jcos 28 + W + sin 28 + WK = : 28 + W = Q "NO
If the complex value lie in the first quadrant then W = <
If the complex value lie in the second quadrant then W = 8 <
If the complex value lie in the third quadrant then W = 8 + <
If the complex value lie in the first quadrant then W = < W = 28 <
ESPONENTIAL FORM COMPLEX NUMBER
Using the Eulers theorem
cos W + sin W = QO % cos W sin W =

QO
= cos W + sin W = QO
DE MOIVERS THEOREM |0= 0 a0|= R=
Theorem prove that cos W + sin W = cosn W + sinn W where n be positive or negative integral or rational

254
Proof :- we prove this theorem by using three cases
Case I n is positive integer
We now that the indices rule
= . . % +
cos W + sin W = cos W + sin W cos W + sin W cos W + sin W % +
Consider cos W + sin W" = cos " W + 2 sin W cos W + " sin" W
cos W + sin W" = cos " W + 2 sin W cos W sin" W " = 1
cos W + sin W" = cos" W sin" W + 2 sin W cos W
cos W + sin W" = cos 2W + sin 2W
cos W + sin W' = cos ' W + 3 cos" W sin W + 3 " sin" W cos W + ' sin' W
cos W + sin W' = cos' W + 3 cos" W sin W 3 sin" W cos W sin' W
cos W + sin W' = cos' W 3 cos W 1 cos" W + J3 sin W 1 sin" W sin' WK
cos W + sin W' = cos' W 3 cos W + 3 cos' W + 3 sin W 3 sin' W sin' W
cos W + sin W' = 4 cos' W 3 cos W + 3 sin W 4 sin' W
cos W + sin W' = cos 3W + sin 3W
Similarly cos W + sin W = cosn W + sinn W
Case II when n is a negative integer
Let % = + cos W + sin W = cos W + sin W

2
1 1
cos W + sin W = cos W + sin W
=
cos W + sin W2 cosm W + sin +W
1 cosm W sin +W
cos W + sin W =
cosm W + sin +W cosm W sin +W
cosm W sin +W cosm W sin +W
cos W + sin W = cos W + sin W
=
cos " +W " sin" +W cos " +W + sin" +W
cos W + sin W = cosm W sin +W cos W + sin W = cos m W + sin +W
cos W + sin W = cosn W + sinn W + = %
Case III when n is a fraction
Let % = l where p and q are positive or negative integer

G
G
cos W + sin W = cos W + sin Wl

255
cos W + sin W = o cos W + sin W/l p 2 = 2

G
1 1 G
p p
cos W + sin W = Hcos [ \ W + sin [ \ WI cos W + sin W = cos [ \ W + sin [ \ W

q q q q
S
cos W + sin W = cosn W + sinn W =%

If n is positive integer then prove that X3 + Y + X3 Y = 2 cos 7 v 9

N
329. S2007
Solution:- We know that
= + = cos W + sin W
= G" + " % W = tan

j k
||
||
Here = 3 % = 1 = 3 + 1 = 2
1 8
W = tan
[ \ W =
3 6
8 8 8 8
X3 + Y = ]2 7cos + sin 9^ X3 + Y = 2 7cos + sin 9

6 6 6 6
8 8 8 8
X3 Y = ]2 7cos sin 9^ X3 Y = 2 7cos sin 9

6 6 6 6
. . . = X3 + Y + X3 Y

8 8 8 8
. . . = 2 7cos + sin 9 + 2 7cos sin 9
6 6 6 6
8 8 8 8
. . . = 2 H7cos + sin 9 + 7cos sin 9 I
6 6 6 6
Using De Moivers theorem

%8 %8 %8 %8
. . . = 2 ]cos 7 9 + sin 7 9 + cos 7 9 sin 7 9^
6 6 6 6
%8 %8
. . . = 2 ]2 cos 7 9 ^ = 2 cos 7 9
6 6
%8
X3 + Y + X3 Y = 2 cos 7 9 Sy

6
ABC Q EFA
Prove that ] ^ = cos 7 " %9 + sin 7 " %9 = cis 7 " %9
N N N
ABC
Q EFA
330. W2007
Solution:-
1 + sin + cos
. . . = H I
1 + sin cos

256
8 8
ST = W W =
2 2
8 8
1 + sin 7 W9 + cos 7 W9
. . . = 2 2
8 8
1 + sin 7 W9 cos 72 W9
2
1 + cos W + sin W
. . . = H I
1 + cos W sin W
W W W
2 cos" 2 + 72 sin 2 cos 2 9
. . . =
W W W
2 cos" 72 sin cos 9
2 2 2
1 + cos W = 2 cos " W/2 % sin W = 2 sin W/2 cos W/2
W W W
2 cos 2 7cos 2 + sin 2 9
. . . =
W W W
2 cos 2 7cos 2 sin 2 9
W W %W %W
cos + sin 2 cos 7 2 9 + sin 7 2 9
. . . = 2 . . . =
W W %W %W
cos 2 sin 2 cos 7 2 9 sin 7 2 9
%W %W %W %W
cos 7 2 9 + sin 7 2 9 cos 7 2 9 + sin 7 2 9
. . . =
%W %W %W %W
cos 7 2 9 sin 7 2 9 cos 7 2 9 + sin 7 2 9
%W %W "
]cos 7 2 9 + sin 7 2 9^
. . . =
%W %W
cos" 7 2 9 " sin" 7 2 9
%W %W %W %W
cos " 7 2 9 + 2 sin 7 2 9 cos 7 2 9 + " sin" 7 2 9
. . . =
%W %W
cos" 7 2 9 + sin" 7 2 9
%W %W %W %W
. . . = cos" [ \ + 2 sin [ \ cos [ \ sin" [ \
2 2 2 2
%W %W %W %W
. . . = Hcos " [ \ sin" [ \I + H2 sin [ \ cos [ \I
2 2 2 2
%W
. . . = cos %W + sin 2 [ \ . . . = cos %W + sin %W
2
8 8
. . . = cos % 7 9 + sin % 7 9
2 2
%8 %8 %8
. . . = cos 7 %9 + sin 7 %9 = : 7 %9
2 2 2

257
1 + sin + cos %8 %8 %8
H I = cos 7 %9 + sin 7 %9 = cis 7 %9
1 + sin cos 2 2 2
Prove that 1 + cos W + sin W = 2 cos 7" 9 ]cos 7 " 9 + sin 7 " 9^ 2008
O O O
331.
Solution:-
. . . = 1 + cos W + sin W
W W W
. . . = H2 cos " + [2 sin cos \I
2 2 2
W W W
. . . = H2 cos [cos + sin \I
2 2 2
W W W
. . . = 2 cosC [cos + sin \
2 2 2
W %W %W
. . . = 2 cos [ \ Hcos [ \ + sin [ \I
2 2 2
W %W %W
1 + cos W + sin W = 2 cos [ \ Hcos [ \ + sin [ \I
2 2 2
Prove that + 2/ + 2/ = 2 " + " 2/" cos ] tan

7 9^ 2012
2
332.
= + = cos W + sin W
= G" + " % W = tan

j k
||
||
Here = % = = G " + " = " + " /"

W = tan
7 9

+ 2/ = J cos W + sin WK2/ = " + " /" % W = tan
7 9

2/ = J cos W sin WK2/ = " + " /" % W = tan
7 9

. . . = + 2/ + 2/
. . . = J cos W + sin WK2/ + J cos W sin WK2/
. . . = 2/ cos W + sin W2/ + 2/ cos W sin W2/
. . . = 2/ o cos W + sin W2/ + cos W sin W2/ p

258
+W +W +W +W
. . . = 2/ Hcos [ \ + sin [ \ + cos [ \ sin [ \I
% % % %
+W +W
. . . = 2/ H2 cos [ \I . . . = 2 2/ cos [ \
% %
+
. . . = 2 o " + " /" p tan
7 9^
2/
cos ]
%
+
+ 2/ + 2/ = 2 " + " 2/" cos ] tan
7 9^ Sy
%
If n is a positive integer then prove that 1 + + 1 = X2Y

"
cos 7 9
N
)
333. W2013
= + = cos W + sin W
= G" + " % W = tan

j k
||
||
Here = 1 % = 1 = 1 + 1 = 2
1 8
W = tan
[ \ W = tan
1 W =
1 4
8 8 8 8
1 + = ]2 7cos + sin 9^ 1 + = X2Y 7cos + sin 9

4 4 4 4
8 8 8 8
1 = ]2 7cos sin 9^ 1 = X2Y 7cos sin 9

4 4 4 4
. . . = 1 + + 1
8 8 8 8
. . . = X2Y 7cos + sin 9 + X2Y 7cos sin 9

4 4 4 4
8 8 8 8
. . . = X2Y H7cos + sin 9 + 7cos sin 9 I

4 4 4 4

%8 %8 %8 %8
. . . = X2Y ]cos 7 9 + sin 7 9 + cos 7 9 sin 7 9^

4 4 4 4
%8 %8
. . . = X2Y ]2 cos 7 9 ^ = X2Y X2Y cos 7 9
"
4 4
%8
. . . = X2Y
"
cos 7 9
4
%8
1 + + 1 = X2Y
"
cos 7 9 Sy
4
'/)
Find the continued product of the four values of 7" + 2012
'
9
"
334.
259
'/)
Show that continued product for all the values of 7 + 1
'
9
" "
OR
we know that cos = % sin =

N N '
' " ' "
Solution:-
'/) '
1 3 8 8 )
j + k = 7cos + sin 9
2 2 3 3
We know that
In general the polar form of complex number is
= Jcos 28 + W + sin 28 + WK

'
3 8 8 )
'/)
1
j + k = ]cos 728 + 9 + sin 728 + 9^
2 2 3 3
'/) '
1 3 68 + 8 68 + 8 )
j + k = Hcos [ \ + sin [ \I
2 2 3 3
'
3 6 + 1 6 + 1
'/)
1 )
j + k = Hcos [ \ 8 + sin [ \ 8I
2 2 3 3
3 3 6 + 1 3 6 + 1
'/)
1
j + k = cos [ \ 8 + sin [ \ 8
2 2 4 3 4 3
'/)
1 3 6 + 1 6 + 1
j + k = cos [ \ 8 + sin [ \8
2 2 4 4
'/)
1 3
, j + k =
2 2
6 + 1 6 + 1
x = cos [ \ 8 + sin [ \8
4 4
ST = 0, 1, 2, 3
8 8
= 0 n = cos + sin
4 4
78 78
= 1 = cos + sin
4 4
138 138
= 2 " = cos + sin
4 4
198 198
= 3 ' = cos + sin
4 4

260
Continued product for all the values= n . . " . '
8 8 78 78 138 138 198 198

= 7cos + sin 9 [cos + sin \ [cos + sin \ [cos + sin \
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
8 78 138 198 8 78 138 198
= cos [ + + + \ + sin [ + + + \
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
= cos 108 + sin 108
Continued product for all the values= 1 + 0 = 1
335. Solve the equation n + 11 d + 10 = 0 S2013
n + 11 d + 10 = 0 d " + 11 d + 10 = 0
ST d = + +" + 11+ + 10 = 0 + + 10 + + 1 = 0
+ + 10 = 0 % + + 1 = 0 + = 10 % + = 1
d = 10 % d = 1
:% d = 10 d = 10 1 d = 10 cis 8 = 10/d cis 8/d
In general = 10/d Jcis 28 + 8K/d = 10/d Jcis 2 + 18K/d
1 2 + 18
= 10/d cis 2 + 18 = 10/d cis U V
5 5
ST = 0, 1, 2, 3,4 then the required roots are

8
= 0 = 10/d cis
5
38
= 1 " = 10/d cis
5
= 2 ' = 10/d cis 8
78
= 3 ) = 10/d cis
5
98
= 4 d = 10/d cis
5
: d = 1 d = cis 8 = cis 8/d
In general = Jcis 28 + 8K/d = Jcis 2 + 18K/d

261
1 2 + 18
= cis 2 + 18 = cis U V
5 5
ST = 0, 1, 2, 3,4 than the required roots are

8
= 0 v = cis
5
38
= 1 = cis
5
= 2 i = cis 8
78
= 3 ` = cis
5
98
= 4 n = cis
5
Use De Moivers theorem to solve the equation

) ' + " + 1 = 0 2007
) ' + " + 1 = 0
Multiply both sides by + 1
+ 1 ) ' + " + 1 = 0 + 1
) ' + " + 1 + 1 ) ' + " + 1 = 0
d ) + ' " + + ) ' + " + 1 = 0
d + 1 = 0 d = 1 d = :8 = :8/d
1 2 + 18
= cis 2 + 18 = cis U V
5 5
ST = 0, 1, 2, 3,4 then the required roots are

8
= 0 = cis
5
38
= 1 " = cis
5
= 2 ' = cis 8
78
= 3 ) = cis
5

262
98
= 4 d = cis
5
336. Use De Moivers theorem to solve the equation ` d + ) 1 = 0 W2008
` d + ) 1 = 0 d) d + ) 1 = 0
d ) d + ) 1 = 0 d ) 1 + ) 1 = 0
) 1 d + 1 = 0 ) 1 = 0 % d + 1 = 0
) = 1 % d = 1
:% ) = 1 ) = :0 = :0/)
In general = J: 28 + 0K/) = :28/)
28 8
= : [ \ = : [ \
4 2
ST = 0, 1, 2, 3 than the required roots are
= 0 = cis 0
8
= 1 " = cis
2
= 2 ' = cis 8
38
= 3 ) = cis
2
: d = 1 d = cis 8 = cis 8/d
1 2 + 18
= cis 2 + 18 = cis U V
5 5
ST = 0, 1, 2, 3,4 than the required roots are

8
= 0 v = cis
5
38
= 1 = cis
5
= 2 i = cis 8

263
78
= 3 ` = cis
5
98
= 4 d = cis
5
337. Solve the equation + ) + ' + 1 = 0 S2009
+ ) + ' + 1 = 0 ') + ) + ' + 1 = 0
' ) + ) + ' + 1 = 0 ) ' + 1 + ' + 1 = 1
' + 1 ) + 1 = 0 ' + 1 = 0 % ) + 1 = 0
' = 1 % ) = 1
: ' = 1 ' = cis 8 = cis 8/'
1 2 + 18
= cis 2 + 18 = cis U V
3 3
ST = 0, 1, 2 than the required roots are

8
= 0 = cis
3
= 1 " = cis 8
58
= 2 ' = cis
3
: ) = 1 ) = cis 8 = cis 8/)
In general = Jcis 28 + 8K/) = Jcis 2 + 18K/)
1 2 + 18
= cis 2 + 18 = cis U V
4 4
ST = 0, 1, 2, 3 than the required roots are

8
= 0 ) = cis
4
38
= 1 d = cis
4
58
= 2 v = cis
4
264
78
= 3 = cis
4

Simplify in the form +
Q X
Q'Y

Q$ XQ'Y
338. W2009
= + = cos W + sin W
= G" + " % W = tan

j k
||
||
Here = 1 % = 1 = 1 + 1 = 2
1 8
W = tan
[ \ W = tan
1 W =
1 4
8 8 v 8 8 v
1 + v = ]2 7cos + sin 9^ 1 + v = X2Y 7cos + sin 9
v
4 4 4 4
8 8 i 8 8 i
1 i = ]2 7cos sin 9^ 1 i = X2Y 7cos sin 9
i
4 4 4 4
Here = 1 % = 3 = 1 + 3 = 2
3 8
W = tan
j k W = tan
X3Y W =
1 3
8 8 ) 8 8 )
X1 3Y = ]2 7cos sin 9^ = 2) 7cos sin 9
)
3 3 3 3
8 8 d 8 8 d
X1 + 3Y = ]2 7cos + sin 9^ = 2d 7cos + sin 9
d
3 3 3 3
8 8 v 8 8 )
HX2Y sin 7cos sin
39 I
v
1 + X1 3Y
) 7cos + 9 I H2 )
v
4 4 3
=
1 i X1 + 3Y
d 8 8 i 8 8 d
HX2Y 7cos 4 sin 4 9 I H2d 7cos 3 + sin 3 9 I
i
68 68 48 48
1 7cos 4 + sin 4 9 7cos 3 sin 3 9
=
4 7cos 88 sin 889 7cos 58 + sin 589
4 4 3 3
38 38 48 48
1 7cos 2 + sin 2 9 7cos 3 sin 3 9
=
4 cos 28 sin 28 7cos 58 + sin 589
3 3
38 48 38 48 38 48 38 48
1 cos 2 cos 3 cos 2 sin 3 + sin 2 cos 3 sin 2 sin 3
"
=
4 cos 28 cos 58 + cos 28 sin 58 sin 28 cos 58 " sin 28 sin 58
3 3 3 3

265
38 48 38 48 38 48 38 48
1 7cos 2 cos 3 + sin 2 sin 3 9 + 7sin 2 cos 3 cos 2 sin 3 9
=
4 7cos 28 cos 58 + sin 28 sin 589 + 7cos 28 sin 58 sin 28 cos 589
3 3 3 3
38 48 38 48 8 8
1 cos 7 2 3 9 + sin 7 2 3 9 1 cos 76 9 + sin 76 9
= =
4 cos 728 589 + sin 758 289 4 cos 789 + sin 7 89
3 3 3 3
3 1
1 2 + 2 1 3 + 1 3 + 1 + 3
= = j k= j k
41 3 4 1 3 4 1 3 1 + 3

2 2
1 3 + 3 + 3 1
= j k =
4 1+3 4
339. Find all values of /v W2007
= + = cos W + sin W
Solution:-
= G" + " % W = tan

j k
||
||
Here = 0 = 0 % = 1 = 0 + 1 = 1
1 8
W = tan
[ \ W = tan
W =
0 2
8 8
= cos 7 9 sin 7 9
2 2
8 8 /v
/v = ]cos 7 9 sin 7 9^
2 2
/v
/v = ]cos 728 + 9 sin 728 + 9^
N N
" "
In general
1 8 1 8
/v = cos 728 + 9 sin 728 + 9
6 2 6 2
8 8 8 8
/v = cos [ + \ sin [ + \
3 12 3 12
ST = 0, 1, 2, 3,4,5 than the required roots are

8 8
= 0 = cos 7 9 sin 7 9
12 12
8 8 8 8 58 58
= 1 " = cos 7 + 9 sin 7 + 9 " = cos [ \ sin [ \
3 12 3 12 12 12

266
28 8 28 8 98 98
= 2 ' = cos [ + \ sin [ + \ ' = cos [ \ sin [ \
3 12 3 12 12 12
138 138
= 3 ) = cos [ \ sin [ \
12 12
48 8 48 8 178 178
= 4 d = cos [ + \ sin [ + \ d = cos [ \ sin [ \
3 12 3 12 12 12
58 8 58 8 218 218
= 5 d = cos [ + \ sin [ + \ d = cos [ \ sin [ \
3 12 3 12 12 12
340. Find all the values of 1 + "/'

Solution:-
8 8 8 8 "/'
1 + = 2 7cos + sin 9 1 + "/' = X2Y 7cos + sin 9
"/'
4 4 4 4
"/'
In general 1 + "/' = X2Y ]cos 728 + ) 9 + sin 728 + ) 9^
"/' N N
2 8 2 8
1 + "/' = X2Y Hcos 728 + 9 + sin 728 + 9I
"/'
3 4 3 4
48 8 48 8
1 + "/' = 2' Hcos [ + \ + sin [ + \I
3 6 3 6
ST = 0, 1, 2, than the required roots are

8 8
= 0 = 2' ]cos 7 9 + sin 7 9^
6 6
48 8 48 8
= 1 " = 2' Hcos [ + \ + sin [ + \I
3 6 3 6
88 8 88 8
= 2 ' = 2' Hcos [ + \ + sin [ + \I
3 6 3 6
= < + 5 prove that one value of tan

7D9 + log 2
Q mm n N

Q mMm "
341. If W2009
Solution:-
1 + Q
= < + 5
1
Q
1 + Q
log U V = log < + 5
1
Q
log 1 + Q log 1

Q = log < + 5

267
+ log 1 + log 1 = log < + 5

8 8 8 8
1 + = 2 7cos + sin 9 % 1 = 2 7cos sin 9
4 4 4 4
N N
1 + = 2 Q ) % 1 = 2
Q )
5 5
< + 5 = G< " + 5 " Hcos [tan
\ + sin [tan
\I
< <
M n
< + 5 = G< " + 5 " Q C D
N N M n
+ log 72 Q ) 9 log 72
Q ) 9 = log [G< " + 5 " Q C D\
N N M n
+ ]log 2 + log 7 Q ) 9^ ]log 2 + log 7
Q ) 9^ = log 7G< " + 5 " 9 + log [ Q C D\
8 8 5
+ ]log 2 + ^ ]log 2 ^ = log 7G< " + 5 " 9 + tan

4 4 <
8 8 8 8 5
log 2 + + log 2 + " log 2 + + log 2 " = log 7G< " + 5 " 9 + tan

4 4 4 4 <
8 5
+ 2 log 2 = log 7G< " + 5 " 9 + tan

2 <
8 5
0 + 7 + 2 log 2/" 9 = log 7G< " + 5 " 9 + tan

2 <
8 5
0 + 7 + log 29 = log 7G< " + 5 " 9 + tan

2 <
Equating imaginary part of above complex number
5 8
tan
= + log 2
< 2
342. Find the principal value of 1 + 2"'Q
Solution:- let = 1 + 2"'Q
log = logo 1 + 2"'Q p
log = 2 + 3 log 1 + 2
3 3
2 + 3 = G2" + 3" Hcos [tan
\ + sin [tan
\I
2 2
M '
2 + 3 = 13 Q C "
1 + 2 = 5Jcos tan
2 + sin tan
2K

268
1 + 2 = 5 Q C
M "
M '
log = 13 Q C " logX5 Q C Y
M "
M '
log = 13 Q C " olog 5 + log Q C p
M "
M '
log = 13 Q C " Xlog 5 + tan
2Y
w
m opqM
U' l ; XF dQ CM "YV
=
343. Solve for z = 1 + 3 S2008
Solution:-
= 1 + 3
log = logX1 + 3Y = logX1 + 3Y
1 + 3 = 1 + 3 ocosXtan
3Y + sinXtan
3Yp
8 8 N
1 + 3 = 2 7cos 7 9 + sin 7 99 1 + 3 = 2 Q '
3 3
N N
= log 72 Q ' 9 = log 2 + log Q '
8
= log 2 +
3
Prove that log 7

Q9 = 2 tan
79
Q
344. S2008
Solution:-
+
. . . = log [ \

. . . = log + log

+ = G" + " Hcos [tan
\ + sin [tan
\I

M
+ = G" + " Q C

= G" + " Hcos [tan
\ sin [tan
\I

M
= G" + "
Q C
M M
. . . = log [G" + " Q C \ log [G" + "
Q C \

269
M M
. . . = log 7G" + " 9 + log [ Q C \ Hlog 7G" + " 9 + log [
Q C \I

. . . = log 7G" + " 9 + tan
log 7G" + " 9 [ tan
\

. . . = tan
+ tan
. . . = 2 tan

+
log [ \ = 2 tan
[ \ Sy

Prove that log Q =

)2
)
345. where m and n are integer W2008
Solution:-
log log
. . . = log Q . . . = log =
log log
= cos tan
+ sin tan

8 8
= cos + sin
2 2
= cos 72+8 + " 9 + sin 72+8 + " 9 where m is an integer

N N
In general
1 1
= cos [2+ + \ 8 + sin [2+ + \ 8 =
Q7"2 9N
"
2 2
Again in denominator
= cos 72%8 + " 9 + sin 72%8 + " 9 where n is an integer

N N
In general
1 1
= cos [2% + \ 8 + sin [2% + \ 8 =
Q7" 9N
"
2 2
1
log
Q7"2 9N
" 72+ + 29 8 log
. . . = . . . =
1
log
Q7" 9N
" 72% + 29 8 log
4+ + 1
2 4+ + 1
. . . = . . . =
4% + 1 4% + 1
2
4+ + 1
log Q = Sy
4% + 1
Where m and n are integer
Find a and b if + = cos

7) 9
'
346. S2008
3 3
Solution:-
+ = cos
[ \ = cos +
4 4
270
3
= cos cos sin sin
4
3
= cos cos sin sin cos = cos , sin = sin
4
3
0+ = cos cos sin sin
4
Equating real and imaginary part

8 8
0 = cos cos cos = 0 cos = cos =
2 2
3 3 8 3
% = sin sin = sin 7 9 sin = sin
4 4 2 4
3
= sinh
[ \
4
W3 know that sinh

= logo + " + 1p
3 3 " 3 9
= log + [ \ + 1 = log + + 1
4 4 4 16
3 5 1
= log H + I = log
4 4 2
8 1
= % = log
2 2
= sinh
] ^

;
347. Prove that tanh S2007
, = tanh
= %
Solution:-
We know that 1 tanh" = sech" sech" = 1 " : = 1 "

:
:% sin = sin sin = % :
:
% %
sin = % = % =
1 : 1 "
:

= sinh
[ \ tanh
= sinh
[ \
1 " 1 "
Prove that log ]EFA Q^ = 2 tan
tan tan
EFA
Q
348. S2009
Solution:-
cos
. . . = log U V
cos +
. . . = logJcos K logJcos + K
. . . = log cos cos + sin sin log cos cos sin sin
271
T cos = cos , sin = sin
. . . = log cos cos + sin sin log cos cos sin sin
cos cos + sin sin =
cos cos cos cos

Gcos" :" + sin" %" Hcos [tan
[ \\ + sin [tan
[ \\I
sin sin sin sin
cos cos + sin sin =
Gcos" :" + sin" %" Jcos tan

tan tan + sin tan
tan tan K
cos cos + sin sin = Gcos" :" + sin" %" Q C

M C C
Similarly
cos cos sin sin = Gcos" :" + sin" %"
Q C
M C C
. . . = log ]Gcos" :" + sin" %" Q C ^

M C C
log ]Gcos" :" + sin" %"

Q CM C C
^
. . . = log 7Gcos" :" + sin" %" 9 + log Q C

M C C
]log Gcos" :" + sin" %" + log

Q C ^
M C C
. . . = log Gcos " :" + sin" %" + tan

tan tan log Gcos" :" + sin" %"
tan
tan tan
. . . = tan
tan tan + tan
tan tan
. . . = 2 tan
tan tan
cos
log U V = 2 tan
tan tan Sy
cos +
If tan < + 5 = + show that " + " 2:25 + 1 = 0

% " + " + 2:2< = 0
349.
W2009
Solution:-
:% tan 2< = tan < + < tan 2< = tan < + < + 5 5
tan 2< = tanJ < + 5 + < 5K
We know that
tan # + tan R
tan # + R =
1 tan # tan R
tan < + 5 + tan < 5
tan 2< =
1 tan < + 5 tan < 5

272
It is given that tan < + 5 = + tan < 5 =
+ + 2
tan 2< = tan 2< =
1 + 1 " " "
2 2
tan 2< = tan 2< =
1 +
" " 1 " "
Taking reciprocal of both sides
1 1 " " 1 " "

= cot 2< =
tan 2< 2 2
2 cot 2< = 1 " " " + " + 2 cot 2< = 1
To prove that " + " 2:25 + 1 = 0
We know that % = %
% = % ST = 25 % 25 = % 25
%25 = % 25 %25 = % 5 + 5 < + <
%25 = tanJ < + 5 < 5K
tan < + 5 tan < 5

%25 =
1 + tan < + 5 tan < 5
+ + +
%25 = %25 =
1 + + 1 + " ""
2 2
%25 = %25 =
1+ +
" " 1 + " + "
Taking reciprocal of both sides
1 1 + " + " 1 + " + "

= cot 25 =
%25 2 2
2 cot 25 = 1 + " + " " + " 2 cot 25 + 1 = 0
If + = cos T + y prove that EFAr; + ABCr; = 1

; ;
% " sec " y " :: " y = 16 2009

350.
+ = cos T + y
Solution:-
+ = cos T cos y + sin T sin y

+ = cos T cos y + %T %y cos y = :y % sin y = %y

= cos T cos y :y = .1
:T

= %T %y %y = 2
%T
273
" "
cos " y + sin" y = 7 9 + 7 9
:T %T
" "
+ =1
cosh" T sinh" T

:y = 3
:y

%y = 4
%y
cosh" sinh" = 1
We know that by hyperbolic function identity
cosh" y sinh" y = 1

" "
7 9 7 9 = 1 T% 3 % 4
:y %y
" "
= 1 " sec " y " :: " y = 1
cos" y sin" y
If tan W + = cos < + sin < , Prove that
W= + ) % = " log ]% 7 ) + " 9^
351.
N N N D
"
W2011
Solution:- consider
tan 2W = tan W + W + tan 2W = tanJ W + + W K
We know that
tan # + tan R
tan # + R =
1 tan # tan R
tan W + + tan W
tan 2W =
1 tan W + tan W
tan W + = cos < + sin <
+,, tan W = cos < sin <
cos < + sin < + cos < sin <

tan 2W =
1 cos < + sin < cos < sin <
2 cos < 2 cos <

tan 2W = tan 2W =
1 cos < sin <
" " " 1 cos" < + sin" <
2 cos < 2 cos <

tan 2W = tan 2W = tan 2W =
11 0
8 8
tan 2W = tan tan 2W = tan 7%8 + 9
2 2
8 %8 8
2W = %8 + W= +
2 2 4
Consider tan 2 = tan +
tan 2 = tan + W + W tan 2 = tanJ W + W K

274
We know that
tan # tan R
tan # R =
1 + tan # tan R
tan W + tan W
tan 2 =
1 + tan W + tan W
tan W + = cos < + sin <
+,, tan W = cos < sin <
cos < + sin < cos < + sin <

tan 2 =
1 + cos < + sin < cos < sin <
2 sin < 2 cos <

tan 2 = tan 2 =
1 + cos" < " sin" < 1 + cos " < + sin" <
2 sin < 2 sin <

tan 2 = tan 2 = tan 2 = sin <
1+1 2
T % = % tan 2 = % 2 = sin <
% 2 = sin < 2 = tanh

sin <
1 1+
SS, tanh
= log [ \
2 1
8
1 1 + sin < 1 1 + cos 72 + <9
2 = log [ \ = log r 8 s
2 1 sin < 4 1 cos 72 + <9
8
+<
2cos &2 2 '
"
1 1 8 <
= log s 8 t = log ]tan" 7 + 9^
4 s +< t 4 4 2
2 sin" &2 2 '

1 8 < " 1 8 <

= log ]% 7 + 9^ = log ]% 7 + 9^
4 4 2 2 4 2
If tan W + = tan < + sec < , Prove that

2W = %8 + " + < % " = cot "
N D
352.
W2011
Solution:- consider
tan 2W = tan W + W + tan 2W = tanJ W + + W K
We know that
tan # + tan R
tan # + R =
1 tan # tan R

275
tan W + + tan W
tan 2W =
1 tan W + tan W
tan W + = tan < + sec <
+,, tan W = tan < sec <
tan < + sec < + tan < sec <

tan 2W =
1 tan < + sec < tan < sec <
2 tan < 2 tan <

tan 2W = tan 2W =
1 tan" < sec <
" " 1 tan" < + sec " <
2 tan < 2%< 1

tan 2W = tan 2W = tan 2W =
1 tan" < + 1 + tan <
" 1 2 tan < 1
" %<
8
cos < sin 72 + <9
tan 2W = tan 2W = 8
sin < cos 72 + <9
8
In general tan 2W = tan 7%8 + <9
2
8
2W = %8 + +<
2
Consider tan 2 = tan +
tan 2 = tan + W + W tan 2 = tanJ W + W K
We know that
tan # tan R
tan # R =
1 + tan # tan R
tan W + tan W
tan 2 =
1 + tan W + tan W
tan W + = tan < + sec <
+,, tan W = tan < sec <
tan < + sec < + tan < sec <

tan 2 =
1 tan < + sec < tan < sec <
2 sec < 2:<

tan 2 = tan 2 =
1 + tan < sec <
" " " 1 + tan" < + sec " <
2 sec < 2 sec < 1

tan 2 = tan 2 = tan 2 =
1 + sec " < 1 + sec " < 2 sec " < sec <
T % = % tan 2 = % 2 = cos <
% 2 = cos < 2 = tanh

cos <

276
1 1+
SS, tanh
= log [ \
2 1
<
1 1 + cos < 1 2 cos "
2 = log [ \ 2 = log r 2
2 1 cos < 2 <s
2 sin"
2
1 < 1 < "

2 = log 7cot " 9 2 = log ]cot ^
2 2 2 2
< <
2 = log 7cot 9 " = cot
2 2
353. If sin W + = tan < + sec < , Prove that cos 2W : 2 = 3 W2007
sin # + R = sin # cos R + cos # sin R

sin W + = tan < + sec <

sin W cos + cos W sin = tan < + sec <
sin W cos + cos W sin = tan < + sec <
tan < = sin W cos % sec < = cos W sin

tan" < sec " < = sin" W cosh" cos " W sinh"
Squaring and subtracting
tan" < 1 + tan" < = 1 cos" W cosh" cos" W cosh" 1

1 = cosh" cos " W cosh" cos " W cosh" + cos " W
1 = cosh" 2 cos " W cosh" + cos " W
1 = cosh" cos" W 2 cosh" 1
1 = cosh" cos " W :2
1 + :2
2 cosh" 1 = :2 2 cosh" = 1 + :2 cosh" =
2
1 + :2
1 = cos" W :2
2
2 = 1 + :2 2 cos" W :2
2 1 = :2 2 cos " W 1 3 = :2 cos 2W
:2 cos 2W = 3
354. If sin W + = cos < + sin < , Prove that cos " W = sin < W2008
sin # + R = sin # cos R + cos # sin R

sin W + = cos < + sin <
sin W cos + cos W sin = cos < + sin <
sin W cos + cos W sin = cos < + sin <
cos < = sin W cos % sin < = cos W sin

cos < sin <

cos = % sin =
sin W cos W
cos" < sin" <

Squaring and subtracting
cosh" sinh" =
sin" W cos" W
277
1 sin" < sin" < 1 sin" < sin" <

1= 1=
sin" W cos " W sin" W sin" W cos " W
1 1 1
1= sin" < [ " + \
sin W
" sin W cos" W
1 1 1
sin" < [ " + \= 1
sin W cos W " sin" W
sin" W + cos" W 1 sin" W
sin" < =
sin" W cos" W sin" W
1 cos W
"
1
sin" < " = sin" < = cos" W
sin W cos W sin W
" " cos " W
sin" < = cos ) W cos " W = sin <
355. Prove that Q =
"N Jcos log + sin log K
Solution:-
, = Q log = log Q on taking log both sides
log = log log = log + 0
1
#SS, log + = H log " + " + tan
7 9I
2
1 0
log = H log " + 0" + tan
[ \I
2
1
log = H log " + tan
0I log = Jlog + 0K
2
% $%, log = Jlog + 2%8 + 0K
log = Jlog + 2%8K log = log + " 2%8
log = log 2%8 = Q F

"N
Q =
"N Q F Q =
"N Jcos log + sin log K
If T = log ]tan 7 ) + " 9^ , Prove that tanh " = tan "

N O O
356. W2011
Solution:- To prove that
T W
tanh = tan
2 2
T
T sinh 2
. . . = tanh . . . = T
2 cosh 2
O
O O +
O
% sinh W = % cosh W =
2 2
T T /"
/" /" +
/"
ST W = sinh = % cosh W =
2 2 2 2

278
/"
/"
/"
/"
. . . = /" 2
/" . . . = /"
+ +
/"
2
1
/" /" /" 1
. . . = /"
. . . = /" /"
1 +1
/" + /"

1 8 W
. . . = T T = log Htan [ + \I
+1
4 2
N O 8 W

FHC[ \I
) " 1 tan 7 + 2 9 1
. . . = . . . = 4
N O 8 W

FHC[ \I
) " +1 tan 7 + 9 + 1
4 2
8 W 8
8 tan 74 + 2 9 tan 4
T 1 = tan . . . =
4 8 W 8
1 + tan 74 + 2 9 tan 4
8 W 8 W
. . . = tan [ + \ . . . = tan = . . .
4 2 4 2
357. Prove that sinh

= logX + " + 1Y
Solution:-

, sinh

= = % =
2
1
" 1
= = 2 = " 1
2 2
" 2 1 = 0 " 2 1 = 0
This is a quadratic equation in
2 4 " + 4 2X + " + 1Y

= =
2 2
= + G " + 1
log = log 7 + G " + 19 = log 7 + G " + 19
sinh
= log 7 + G " + 19
358. Prove that sinh

= cosh
X " + 1Y S2012
Solution:-

279
, sinh
= = %
We know that the identity cosh" sinh" = 1 cosh" = 1 + sinh"
cosh" = 1 + " : = G1 + "
= cosh
7G1 + " 9 sinh
= cosh
7G1 + " 9
Prove that the general value of 1 + tan <

Q
"2ND Jcos log cos < + sin log cos <K
359.
S2012
Solution :-
, = 1 + tan <

Q
%$ log log = log 1 + tan <

Q
1 tan <
log = log 1 + tan < log = H log 1 + tan" < + tan
[ \I
2 1
1
log = H log 1 + tan" < + tan
tan <I
2
1
log = H log sec " < + <I
2
In general
1
log = H log :<" + 2+8 + <I log = Jlog :< + 2+8 + <K
2
log = log :< " 2+8 + < log = log :< + 2+8 + <
1
log = log :<
+ 2+8 + < log = log [ \ + 2+8 + <
sec <
= JQ F EFA D "2NDK = "2ND Q F EFA D
= "2ND Jcos log cos < + sin log cos <K
;
F Q =
$ cos 7 ) log 29
N
360. Prove that
Solution;-
= F Q
%$ log log = log F Q
log = log 1 + log log = log 1 + log 0 +
1 1 1
log = H log 2 + tan
1I H log 1 + tan
[ \I
2 2 0

280
1 8 1
log = H log 2 + I H 0 + tan
I
2 4 2
1 8 8 8 8"
log = H log 2 + I 7 9 log = U log 2 + " V
2 4 2 4 8
8 8" N N;
log = U log 2 V = Q ) F "
i
4 8
N; N N; 8 8
= i Q ) F "

F Q
= i

]cos 7 log 29 + sin 7 log 29^

4 4
N; 8 N; 8
F Q =
i cos 7 log 29 +
i sin 7 log 29
4 4
Equating real part only
N; 8
F Q =
i cos 7 log 29
4
361. If DQn = < + 5 Prove that < " + 5 " =

)2Nn S2014
Solution:- The given equations
DQn = < + 5
Taking log both sides logX DQn Y = log < + 5
< + 5 log = log < + 5 < + 5 log 0 + = log < + 5
1 1 1 8
log 0 + = log 1 + tan
log 0 + = log 1 +
2 0 2 2
8
log 0 + =
2
In general log 0 + = 72+8 + " 9

N
1 5
log < + 5 = log < " + 5 " + tan

2 <
In general log < + 5 = " log < " + 5 " + 72+8 + tan
D9
n
8 1 5
< + 5 72+8 + 9 = log < " + 5 " + [2+8 + tan
\
2 2 <
8 8 1 5
< 72+8 + 9 + " 5 72+8 + 9 = log < " + 5 " + [2+8 + tan
\
2 2 2 <
8 8 1 5
< 72+8 + 9 5 72+8 + 9 = log < " + 5 " + [2+8 + tan
\
2 2 2 <
Equating real part

281
1 8 1 5
log < " + 5 " = 5 72+8 + 9 log < " + 5 " = 4+8 + 8
2 2 2 2
log < " + 5 " = 4+8 + 85 log < " + 5 " = 4+ + 185
< " + 5 " =

)2Nn
362. If log + = GQl then prove that = tan ]tan log7G " + " 9^
S2013
Solution:-
log + = GQl log + = G Ql

log G " + " + tan
7 9 = G cos + sin

log G " + " + tan
7 9 = l cos + G sin

log G " + " = l cos % tan
7 9 = G sin

log G " + " tan
7 9
cos = % sin =
l G

tan
7 9
sin tan
7 9
= G
tan =
cos log G " + " log G " + "
l

tan
7 9 = tan log G " + " = tan ]tan log G " + " ^

= tan ]tan log G " + " ^
363. If logJlog + K = S + then prove that = tan ]tan log7G " + " 9^ S2013
Solution:- Solution:-
logJlog + K = S +
log + = GQl log + = G Ql

log G " + " + tan
7 9 = G cos + sin

log G " + " + tan
7 9 = l cos + G sin

log G " + " = l cos % tan
7 9 = G sin


282

log G " + " tan
7 9
cos = % sin =
l G

tan
7 9
sin tan
7 9
= G
tan =
cos log G " + " log G " + "
l

tan
7 9 = tan log G " + " = tan ]tan log G " + " ^

= tan ]tan log G " + " ^
Prove that tan

7 = " log 7 9

Q
9

364. W2012
Solution:-

tan
7 9 tan
7 9
+ +

1 1 + 7 + 9
tan

7 9 = log
+ 2 1 7 + 9
1 ++
tan
7 9 = log H I
+ 2 ++
1 2 1
tan
7 9 = log [ \ tan
7 9 = log 7 9
+ 2 2 + 2
1 1 1

tan
7 9 = log r s tan
7 9 = log 7 9
+ 2 + 2

tan
7 9 = log 7 9
+ 2
Show that cos ] log 7

Q9^ = ; ;
Q ;
;
365. W2013
Solution:-
+
. . . = cos H log [ \I

. . . = cosuJlog + log Kv
1 1
. . . = cos H log " + " + tan
[ log " + " tan
\I
2 2
1 1
. . . = cos H log " + " + tan
log " + " + tan
I
2 2

283

. . . = cos [2 tan
\ . . . = cos [2 " tan
\

. . . = cos [2 tan
\ . . . = cos [2 tan
\

. . . = cos [tan
+ tan
\

+ 2
. . . = cos tan

r s . . . = cos tan t

u
"
1 1
"

2 2
. . . = cos tan

t u . . . = cos Htan
[ " \I
" " "
"
ST = :W % = sin W
2 sin W cos W sin 2W

. . . = cos Htan
[ " \I . . . = cos Htan
[ \I
: W % W" cos 2W
. . . = cosJtan
tan 2WK . . . = cos 2W
" "
. . . = ST = :W % = sin W
" + "
: " W %" W

. . . = . . . = cos 2W
: " W + %" W
+ " "
. . . = . . . cos H log [ \I = " Sy
+ "
If cos
+ = < + 5 prove that EFAr; n + ABCr; n = 1
; ;
366.
" sech" 5 + " ::" 5 = 1 % " sec " < " :: " < = 1 W2013
cos
+ = < + 5 + = cos < + 5
Solution:-
+ = cos < cos 5 sin < sin 5

+ = cos < cos 5 sin < sin 5 cos 5 = :5 % sin 5 = %5

= cos < cos 5 :< = .1
:5

= sin < sin 5 %< = 2
%5
"
"
cos" < + sin" < = [ \ + [ \
:5 %5
" "
+ = 1 " sech" 5 + " ::" 5 = 1
cosh" 5 sinh" 5

284

:5 = 3
:<

%5 = 4
%<
cosh" sinh" = 1
We know that by hyperbolic function identity
cosh" 5 sinh" 5 = 1

" "
7 9 7 9 = 1 T% 3 % 4
:< %<
" "
= 1 " sec " < " :: " < = 1
cos " < sin" <
If cos
T + y = < + 5 Prove that cos" < % cosh" 5 are the roots of the equation
" 1 + T" + y " + T" = 0
367.
W2010
Solution:- since cos " < % cosh" 5 are the roots of the equation then the quadratic equation is
" T+ + ST: = 0
" cos" < + cosh" 5 + cos " < . cosh" 5 = 0 1
cos
T + y = < + 5 T + y = cos < + 5
T + y = cos < cos 5 sin < sin 5
T + y = cos < cos 5 sin < sin 5 cos 5 = :5 % sin 5 = %5
T = cos < cos 5 cos " < cosh" 5 = T" .2

% y = sin < sin 5

T T
:< = % :5 =
:5 :<
Consider 1 + T" + y " = 1 + cos < cos 5" + sin < sin 5"
1 + T" + y " = 1 + cos" < cosh" 5 + sin" < sinh" 5
1 + T" + y " = 1 + cos " < 1 + sinh" 5 + sin" < sinh" 5
1 + T" + y " = 1 + cos " < + cos " < sinh" 5 + sin" < sinh" 5
1 + T" + y " = 1 + cos" < + cos" < + sin" < sinh" 5
1 + T" + y " = 1 + cos " < + sinh" 5
1 + T" + y " = cos " < + 1 + sinh" 5
1 + T" + y " = cos " < + cosh" 5
cos " < + cosh" 5 = 1 + T" + y " . .3
From equation 1 , 2 and 3

285
" 1 + T" + y " + T" = 0 Sy
If :: 7 ) + 9 = T + y where x , u , v are all real, show that

N
T" + y " " = 2 T" y "

368.
S2011
Solution:-
8 1
:: 7 + 9 = T + y 8 = T + y
4 sin 7 + 9
4
1
8 8 = T + y
sin cos + cos sin
4 4
1 2
= T + y = T + y
1 1 cos + sin
cos + sin
2 2
cos + sin 1 cos sin 1 T y
= + =
2 T + y 2 2 T + y T y
cos sin T y cos sin T y

+ = + = "
2 2 T" y
" "
2 2 T + y"
cos sin T y
+ = "
2 2 T" +y " T + y"
cos T sin y
= % = "
2 T" +y "
2 T + y"
2T 2y
: = . .1 % sin = " .2
T" + y " T + y"
Squaring and subtracting equation 1 and 2

" "
2T 2y
cosh sinh = j "
"
k j "
"
k
T +y " T + y"
2T" 2y "
cosh" sinh" =
T" + y " " T" + y " "
2 T" y "
1= T" + y " " = 2 T" y "
T" + y " "
If 2 cos W = + % 2cos = + Prove that one value of

369.
G l + w x 2 cos SW +

S2008
Solution:-

286
1
2 cos W = + 2 cos W = " + 1 " 2 cos W + 1 = 0

2 cos W 4 cos" W 4 2 cos W 2cos " W 1

= =
2 2
2 cos W 2G 1 cos" W 2 cos W 2G " 1 cos " W

= =
2 2
2Xcos W sin" WY
= = cos W sin W
2
2cos = + = cos sin

Similarly
Consider = cos W + sin W % = cos + sin
G = cos W + sin WG % l = cos + sin l
1 1
= cos W sin WG % l = cos sin l
G
G l = cos W + sin WG cos + sin l
T%$ y +
G l = cos SW + sinp W cosq + sinq
G l = cos SW cosq + cos SW sinq + sinp W cosq + " sinp W sinq
G l = cos SW cosq sinp W sinq + sinp W cosq + cos SW sinq
G l = cos SW + + sin SW +
1
= cos SW + sin SW +
G l
1
G l + = 2 cos SW +
G l
" CM 7 9
If + G = + Q , Prove that one of the value of

y

F ; ;
370. S2011
Solution:-
+ G = + Q
logJ + G K = logo+ Q p S log + = + log +
1
S H log " + " + tan
I = + log +
2
S 1
H log " + " + tan
I = +
log + 2

287
S log " + " S

+ tan
= +
2log + log +
S log " + " S

= % = tan

2log + log +
S
tan
2 tan

log +
= =
S log " + " log " + "
2log +
Prove that Q = cos W + sin W W = 72% + "9 8

m

7"2 9N
371. ;
Solution:-
, = Q log = log 7 Q 9 log = Q log

m m
Again taking log both sides log log = logo Q log p
log log = logX Q Y + log log log log = log + log log
log log = log 0 + + logJlog 0 + K
1 1 1 1
log log = H log 0" + 1" + i tan
[ \I + log H log 0" + 1" + i tan
[ \I
2 0 2 0
log log = J tan

K + logJ tan
K
8 8
log log = ] 72+8 + 9^ + log ] 72%8 + 9^
2 2
8 8
log log = " 72+8 + 9 + log ] 72%8 + 9^
2 2
1 8
log log = [2+ + \ 8 + log ] 72%8 + 9^
2 2
N N
log = log = "

7"2 9NF]Q7"N 9^
7"2 9N F]Q7"N 9^
" " "
8 1
log = " 72%8 + 9 log = [2% + \ 8

7"2 9N
7"2 9N
"
2 2

= Q = QO Q = cos W + sin W

M7;z 9
Q7" 9N l ; m m
"
1
W = [2% + \ 8

7"2 9N
"
2

If = 3 + Show that + 7)9 = 2 cos
N
v
372. W2011
Solution:-

288
= 3 + = X3Y + 1" ocosXtan

1/3Y + sinXtan
1/3Yp
"
8 8
= 2 ]cos + sin ^ .1
6 6
8 8
= 2 ]cos + sin ^
6 6
%8 %8
= 2 7cos + sin 9 y +
6 6
Divided equation 1 both sides by 4
2 8 8 1 8 8
= ]cos + sin ^ = ]cos + sin ^
4 4 6 6 4 2 6 6

1 8 8

7 9 = ]cos + sin ^ y +
4 2 6 6

1
%8 %8
7 9 = [ \ ]cos 7 9 + sin 7 9^
4 2 6 6

1 %8 %8
%8 %8
7 9 =
]cos 7 9 sin 7 9^ 7 9 = 2 ]cos 7 9 sin 7 9^
4 2 6 6 4 6 6

+ 7) 9 = 2 cos
N
v
To prove that

. . . = + 7 9
4
%8 %8 %8 %8
. . . = 2 7cos + sin 9 + 2 ]cos 7 9 sin 7 9^
6 6 6 6
%8 %8 %8 %8
. . . = 2 cos + 2 sin + 2 cos 2 sin
6 6 6 6
%8 %8
. . . = 2 72 cos 9 . . . = 2 cos = . . .
6 6

%8
+ 7 9 = 2 cos Sy
4 6
If sin < + 5 = cos W + sin W Prove that

Jcos 25 cos 2<K and tan W = tan 5 cot <

373.
= "
"
W2012
Solution:-
sin < + 5 = cos W + sin W
sin < cos 5 + cos < sin 5 = cos W + sin W
sin < cos 5 + cos < sin 5 = cos W + sin W

289
sin < cos 5 = cos W 1 % cos < sin 5 = sin W 2
" cos " W + " sin" W = sin" < cosh" 5 + cos" < sinh" 5
" = sin" < cosh" 5 + 1 sin" < sinh" 5
" = sin" < cosh" 5 + sinh" 5 sin" < sinh" 5
" = sin" < cosh" 5 sinh" 5 + sinh" 5
" = sin" < + sinh" 5
1 cos 2<
cos 2< = 1 2 sin" < sin" < =
2
cos 25 1
cos 25 = 1 + 2 sinh" 5 sinh" 5 =
2
1 cos 2< cos 25 1 1
" = + " = 1 cos 2< + cos 25 1
2 2 2
1
" = Jcos 25 cos 2<K
2
Equation 2 Equation 1
sin W cos < sin 5 sin W sin 5 cos <

= = .
cos W sin < cos 5 cos W cos 5 sin <
tan W = tan 5 . cot <
374. Consider only principal values, Prove that the real parts of
X1 + 3Y

2 cos 7 ' + 3 log 29
XQ'Y
N
w S2014
Solution:-
, = X1 + 3Y
XQ'Y
log = log HX1 + 3Y I log = X1 + 3Y logX1 + 3Y

XQ'Y
1 + 3 = 1 + 3 ocosXtan
3Y + sinXtan
3Yp
8 8 N
1 + 3 = 2 7cos 7 9 + sin 7 99 1 + 3 = 2 Q '
3 3
N N N N
log = 2 Q ' log 72 Q ' 9 log = 2 Q ' 7log 2 + log Q ' 9
8 8 8
log = 2 7cos + sin 9 7log 2 + 9
3 3 3
8 8 8 8
log = 2 ]cos 7log 2 + 9 + sin 7log 2 + 9^
3 3 3 3

290
8 8 8 8 8 8
log = 2 log 2 cos + 2 cos + 2 log 2 sin 2 sin
3 3 3 3 3 3
8 8 3 8 8 8
log = j2 log 2 cos 2 k + 72 cos + 2 log 2 sin 9
3 3 2 3 3 3
1 8 8 1 3
log = &2 log 2 3' + j2 + 2 log 2 k
2 X3Y" 3 2 2
8 8
log = [log 2 \ + 7 + 3 log 29
3 3
N N N N
[F "
\Q7 ' F "9
= = ' '
' F " Q7 ' F "9
'
N
8 8
= 2 ' ]cos 7 + 3 log 29 + sin 7 + 3 log 29^
3 3

N
8
N
8
= 2 ' cos 7 + 3 log 29 + 2 ' sin 7 + 3 log 29
3 3

N
8
= 2 ' cos 7 + 3 log 29
3
If cos < + cos 5 + cos { = 0 = sin < + sin 5 + sin { Show that
sin < + sin" 5 + sin" { = " % cos" < + cos" 5 + cos" { = "
375.
" ' '
W2013
cos < + cos 5 + cos { = 0 = sin < + sin 5 + sin {

0 + 0 = 0
cos < + cos 5 + cos { + sin < + sin 5 + sin { = 0
cos < + sin < + cos 5 + sin 5 + cos { + sin { = 0
++: =0
Where = cos < + sin < , = cos 5 + sin 5 % : = cos { + sin {
1 1 1 : + : +
++: =0 + + =0 = 0 + : + : = 0
: :
+ + :" = 0
+ + : " + 2 + 2: + 2: = 0
" "
" + " + : " + 2 + : + : = 0 " + " + : " = 0

cos < + sin <" + cos 5 + sin 5" + cos { + sin {" = 0
cos2 < + sin 2< + cos2 5 + sin 25 + cos2 { + sin 2{ = 0
cos2 < + cos2 5 + cos2 { + sin 2< + sin 25 + sin 2{ = 0
cos2 < + cos2 5 + cos2 { = 0 % sin 2< + sin 25 + sin 2{ = 0
2cos " < 1 + 2 cos " 5 1 + 2 cos" { 1 = 0
2 cos" < + cos" 5 + cos " { 3 = 0 2 cos" < + cos" 5 + cos " { = 3
3
cos" < + cos" 5 + cos " { =
2
3
1 sin" < + 1 sin" 5 + 1 sin" { =
2

291
3 3
3 sin" < + sin" 5 + sin" { = 3 = sin" < + sin" 5 + sin" {
2 2
3
sin" < + sin" 5 + sin" { =
2
sin 2< + sin 25 + sin 2{ = 0 W2008
376.

0 + 0 = 0
++: =0
1 1 1 : + : +
++: =0 + + =0 = 0 + : + : = 0
: :
+ + :" = 0
" + " + : " + 2 + 2: + 2: = 0
" + " + : " + 2 + : + : = 0 " + " + : " = 0
cos < + sin <" + cos 5 + sin 5" + cos { + sin {" = 0
cos2 < + sin 2< + cos2 5 + sin 25 + cos2 { + sin 2{ = 0
cos2 < + cos2 5 + cos2 { + sin 2< + sin 25 + sin 2{ = 0
% sin 2< + sin 25 + sin 2{ = 0
sin 3< + sin 35 + sin 3{ = 3 sin < + 5 + {
377.
And cos < + cos 5 + cos { = 3 cos < + 5 + {

0 + 0 = 0
++: =0
++: =0
' + ' + : ' 3: = + + : " + " + : " : :
' + ' + : ' 3: = 0 " + " + : " : :
' + ' + : ' 3: = 0 ' + ' + : ' = 3:
cos < + sin <' + cos 5 + sin 5' + cos { + sin {' = 3 cos < + sin < cos 5 + sin 5 cos { + sin {
cos3 < + sin 3< + cos3 5 + sin 35 + cos3 { + sin3 { = 3Jcos < + 5 + { + sin < + 5 + {K
cos3 < + cos3 5 + cos3 { + sin 3< + sin 35 + sin 3{ = 3 cos < + 5 + { + J3 sin < + 5 + {K
cos3 < + cos3 5 + cos3 { = 3 cos < + 5 + {

292
And sin 3< + sin 35 + sin 3{ = 3 sin < + 5 + {
3 3
378. If p and q are the imaginary cube root of unity, Prove that
S G + l = /" U3 sin + cos V 2008

2 2
, = 1 = 1 + 0
Solution:-
0 0
= G1" + 0" Hcos [tan
\ + sin [tan
\I
1 1
= cos tan
0 + sin tan
0 = cos 0 + sin 0
In general = cos 2%8 + 0 + sin 2%8 + 0 = cos 2%8 + sin 2%8
/' = Jcos 2%8 + sin 2%8K/'
2%8 2%8
/' = cos [ \ + sin [ \ ST % = 0, 1, 2
3 3
= 0 = 1 ,
28 28 8 8
= 1 " = cos [ \ + sin [ \ " = cos 78 9 + sin 78 9
3 3 3 3
8 8 1 3
" = cos + sin " = + +$%
3 3 2 2
1 3
+ =S
2 2
48 48 8 8
= 2 ' = cos [ \ + sin [ \ " = cos 78 + 9 + sin 78 + 9
3 3 3 3
8 8 1 3
" = cos sin " = +$%
3 3 2 2
1 3
=
2 2
3 3
Sy S G + l = N/" U3 sin + cos V
2 2
. . . = S G + l
1 3 j
"Q" k 1 3 j
"
Q" k
' '
. . . = j + k + j k
2 2 2 2
1 3 ' 1 3 '
. . . = j + k
" Q " + j k
"
Q "
2 2 2 2

" 3 3
" 3 3
. . . = X1 + 3Y Ucos + sin V X1 + 3Y Ucos sin V
2 2 2 2 2 2

" 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
. . . = cos sin + 3 cos 3 sin cos + sin 3 cos
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3
3 sin
2

" 3 3
. . . = 23 sin 2 cos
2 2 2

" 3 3
. . . = 2 3 sin + cos
2 2 2

293
3 3
. . . =
" 3 sin + cos = . . .
2 2
379. Prove that cos 6W = cos v W 15 cos) W sin" W + 15 cos" W sin) W sinv W 2007
cos 6W + sin 6W = cos W + sin Wv

Solution:-
cos 6W + sin 6W
By using Binomial theorem for expansion
= 6;{ cosv W + 6; cosd W sin W + 6;; cos ) W sin W" + 6;w cos' W sin W'
+ 6; cos" W sin W) + 6; cos W sin Wd + 6; cosn W sin Wv
%!
% %; = , %;{ = %; = 1 , %; = %
! % !
cos 6W + sin 6W
6! 6!
= cosv W + 6 cos d W sin W + cos) W " sin" W + cos ' W ' sin' W
2! 6 2! 3! 6 3!
6! 6!
+ cos " W ) sin) W + cos W d sind W + iv sinv W
4! 6 4! 5! 6 5!
cos 6W + sin 6W
6 5 4! 6 5 4 3!
= cosv W + 6 cos d W sin W + cos) W sin" W + cos ' W sin' W
2 4! 3! 3 2
6 5 4! 6 5!
+ cos" W sin) W + cos W sind W sinv W
4! 2 5! 1
cos 6W + sin 6W
= cosv W + 6 cos d W sin W 15 cos) W sin" W 20 cos' W sin' W + 15 cos" W sin) W
+ 6 cos W sind W sinv W
cos 6W + sin 6W
= cosv W 15 cos ) W sin" W + 15 cos" W sin) W sinv W
+ 6 cosd W sin W 20 cos' W sin' W + 6 cos W sind W
cos 6W = cos v W 15 cos) W sin" W + 15 cos " W sin) W sinv W

Equating real part only
380. Prove that sin 7W = 7 sin W 56 sin' W + 112 sind W 64 sin W W2007
Solution:-
cos 7W + sin 7W = cos W + sin W
cos 7W + sin 7W
= 7;{ cos W + 7; cosv W sin W + 7;; cos d W sin W" + 7;w cos) W sin W'
+ 7; cos' W sin W) + 7; cos" W sin Wd + 7; : W sin Wv + 7;( : n W sin W
%!
% %; = , %;{ = %; = 1 , %; = %
! % !
cos 7W + sin 7W
7! 7!
= cos W + 7 cosv W sin W + cosd W " sin" W + cos) W ' sin' W
2! 7 2! 3! 7 3!
7! 7!
+ cos' W ) sin) W + cos " W d sind W
4! 7 4! 5! 7 5!
7!
+ cos W v sinv W + i sin W
6! 7 6!

294
cos 7W + sin 7W
7 6 5! 7 6 5 4!
= cos W + 7 cosv W sin W + cosd W sin" W + cos) W sin' W
2 5! 4! 3 2
7 6 5 4! 7 6 5! 7 6!
+ cos ' W sin) W + cos " W sind W + cos W sinv W sin W
4! 3 2 5! 2 1 6!
cos 7W + sin 7W
= cos W + 7 cos v W sin W 21 cosd W sin" W 35 cos) W sin' W + 35 cos' W sin) W
+ 21 cos" W sind W 7 cos W sinv W sin W
cos 7W + sin 7W
= cos W 21 cos d W sin" W + 35 cos' W sin) W 7 cos W sinv W
+ 7 cosv W sin W 35 cos) W sin' W + 21 cos " W sind W sin W
sin 7W = 7 cos W sin W 35 cos) W sin' W + 21 cos " W sind W sin W
v
sin 7W = 7 cos" W' sin W 35 cos" W" sin' W + 21 cos" W sind W sin W
sin 7W = 7 1 sin" W' sin W 35 1 sin" W" sin' W + 21 1 sin" W sind W sin W
sin 7W = 7 1 3 sin" W + 3 sin) W sinv W sin W 35 1 2 sin" W + sin) W sin' W + 21 1 sin" W sind W
sin W
sin 7W = 7 sin W 21 sin' W + 21 sind W 7 sin W 35 sin' W + 70 sind W 35 sin W + 21 sind W 21 sin W
sin W
sin 7W = 7 sin W 56 sin' W + 112 sind W 64 sin W
381. Expand sind W in a series of sine multiples of W2009
1
Solution:-
, = cos W + sin W = cos W sin W

1
= cos W + sin W cos W sin W

1
= cos W + sin W cos W + sin W

1 1
= 2 sin W = 2 sin %W

1 d
2 sin W = [ \
d

1 1 " 1 ' 1 ) 1 d
2 sin Wd = 5;{ d + 5; ) [ \ + 5;; ' [ \ + 5;w " [ \ + 5; [ \ + 5; n [ \

5 4 3! 5 4 3! 1 5 4! 1 1
2 sin Wd = d 5 ' + +
2 3! 2 3! 4! ' d
1 1 1
2 sin Wd = [ d d \ 5 ' + 10 10 + 5 '

1 1 1
2 sin Wd = [ d d \ 5 [ ' ' \ + 10 [ \

2 sin Wd = 2 sin5 W 5 2 sin 3W + 10 2 sin W
2d d sind W = 2 sin5 W 10 sin 3W + 20 sin W
32sind W = 2 sin5 W 5 sin 3W + 10 sin W
1
sind W = sin5 W 5 sin 3W + 10 sin W
16
382. Prove that 2v cos W = cos 7W + 7 cos 5W + 21 cos 3W + 35 cos W W2011
Solution:-

295
1
, = cos W + sin W = cos W sin W

1
+ = cos W + sin W + cos W sin W

1
+ = cos W + sin W + cos W sin W

1 1
+ = 2 cos W = 2 cos %W

1
2 cos W = [ + \

1 1 " 1 ' 1 ) 1 d 1 v
2 cos W = 7;{ + 7; [ \ + 7;; [ \ + 7;w [ \ + 7; [ \ + 7; [ \ + 7; [ \

v d ) ' "

1
+ 7;( n [ \

7 6 5! ' 7 6 5 4! 7 6 5 4! 1 7 6 5! 1 7 6! 1 1
2 cos W = + 7 d + + + + + +
2 5! 3 2 4! 3 2 4! 2 5! ' 1 6! d
1 1 1 1
2 cos W = + 7 d + 21 ' + 35 + 35 + 21 ' + 7 d

1 1 1 1
2 cos W = [ + \ + 7 [ d + ' \ + 21 [ ' + ' \ 35 [ + \

2 cos W = 2 :7 W + 7 2 cos5 W + 21 2 cos3 W + 35 2 cos2 W
2v cos W = cos 7W + 7 cos 5W + 21 cos 3W + 35 cos W
383. Separate tan + into real and imaginary parts
sin +
Solution:-
tan + =
cos +
Multiply numerator and denominator 2 cos
2 sin + cos
tan + =
2 cos + cos
Apply formula 2 sin # cos R = sin # + R + sin # R
2 cos # cos R = cos # + R +cos # R
sin + + + sin + +
tan + =
cos + + + cos + +
sin 2 + sin 2 sin 2 + sinh 2
tan + = tan + =
cos 2 + cos 2 cos 2 + cosh 2
sin 2 sinh 2
tan + = +
cos 2 + cosh 2 cos 2 + cosh 2
384. Separate tanh + into real and imaginary parts S2007
1
Solution:-
sin + sinJ + K
tanh + = tanh + =
cosh + cosJ + K
1
7 9 sin + " 7 " 9 sin
tanh + = tanh + =
cos + " cos
sin
tanh + =
cos
Multiply numerator and denominator 2 cos

296
2 sin cos
tanh + =
2 cos cos
Apply formula 2 sin # cos R = sin # + R + sin # R
2 cos # cos R = cos # + R +cos # R
sin + sin + +
tanh + =
cos + cos + +
sin 2 + sin 2 sin 2 + sinh 2
tanh + = tan + =
cos 2 + cos 2 cos 2 + cosh 2
sin 2 sinh 2
tanh + = "
sinh 2 sin 2
tanh + = +
385. Separate coth + into real and imaginary parts S2011
cosh + cosi +
Solution:-
coth + = coth + =
sin + 1
sin +
cos +
"
cos
coth + = coth + =
1 sin
7 9 sin + "
Multiply numerator and denominator 2 sin
2 cos sin
coth + =
2 " sin sin
2 cos sin
coth + =
2 sin sin
2 sin cos
coth + =
2 sin sin
sin + + sin +
coth + =
cos + cos +
sin 2 + sin 2
coth + =
cos 2 cos 2
sin 2 sin 2
coth + =
cosh 2 cos 2
sin 2 + sin 2
coth + =
cos 2 cos 2
sin 2 sin 2
coth + =
cos 2 cos 2 cos 2 cos 2

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1

MODEL UNIVERSITY PAPER SOLUTION

Prof. Prakash D. Wasankar

Price: 220 Rs.

Prof. P. D. Wasankar University Paper Solution of Engineering Mathematics-I

Model University Paper Solution

B. E. First Year (All Branches)

Mrs. Jyoti P. Wasankar

Sai Nagar Shegaon

Dist. Buldhana 444203

Prof. P. D. Wasankar University Paper Solution of Engineering Mathematics-I

4 Differential Equation 180

5 Complex Number 253

Prof. P. D. Wasankar University Paper Solution of Engineering Mathematics-I

.   . . . 

#$% .   . . . 

#$% .   . . . 

.   . . . 

#$% .   . . . 

.   . . . 

.   . . . 

.   . . . 

6. If =   sin  + : then  = " +  " ;   sin  + : + %<

 < = tan

Multiply and divided equation first by " +  "

Prof. P. D. Wasankar University Paper Solution of Engineering Mathematics-I

=   G" +  " Jsin < cos  + : + cos < sin  + : K

=   G" +  " sin  + : + <

$% .   . . .  

" = G" +  " J  cos  + : + < +   sin  + : + < K

 =   " +  " /" sin  + : + %<  < = tan

Multiply and divided equation first by " +  "

Prof. P. D. Wasankar University Paper Solution of Engineering Mathematics-I

=   G" +  " Jsin < sin  + : + cos < cos  + : K

=   G" +  " Jcos < cos  + : sin < sin  + : K

=   G" +  " cos  + : + <

$% .   . . .  

" = G" +  " J  sin  + : + < +   cos  + : + < K

 =   " +  " /" cos  + : + %<  < = tan

Standard nth order derivatives

8. If =  ; ; prove that  = where  =  " + " and = tan

Prof. P. D. Wasankar University Paper Solution of Engineering Mathematics-I

Diff. both sides n times . . .  by using result 1 79 =  

1  %! cos % + 1 W +  sin % + 1 W + cos % + 1 W  sin % + 1 W

 = where  =  " + " and = tan

Prof. P. D. Wasankar University Paper Solution of Engineering Mathematics-I

Diff. both sides n times . . .  by using result 1 79 =  

1  %! cos % + 1 W +  sin % + 1 W cos % + 1 W +  sin % + 1 W

Prof. P. D. Wasankar University Paper Solution of Engineering Mathematics-I

Diff. both sides n times . . .  by using result 7 9 =  

Prof. P. D. Wasankar University Paper Solution of Engineering Mathematics-I

1  %! cos % + 1 W +  sin % + 1 W cos % + 1 W +  sin % + 1 W

.   . . . 

Diff. both sides % 1 times . . .  by using result 1 79 =  

Prof. P. D. Wasankar University Paper Solution of Engineering Mathematics-I

ST  = tan W W = tan

.   . . . 

Diff. both sides % 1 times . . .  by using result 1 79 =  

ST  = tan W W = tan

1 + tan W tan 8/4 + tan W 8 8

.   . . . 

Prof. P. D. Wasankar University Paper Solution of Engineering Mathematics-I

Diff. both sides % 1 times . . .  by using result 1 79 =  

Prof. P. D. Wasankar University Paper Solution of Engineering Mathematics-I

. . . .

#$% . . . .

#$% . . . .

. . . .

#$% . . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . .

6. If = sin + : then = " + " ; sin + : + %<

< = tan

Multiply and divided equation first by " + "

= G" + " Jsin < cos + : + cos < sin + :K

= G" + " sin + : + <

$% . . . .

" = G" + " J cos + : + < + sin + : + <K

= " + " /" sin + : + %< < = tan

Multiply and divided equation first by " + "

= G" + " Jsin < sin + : + cos < cos + :K

= G" + " Jcos < cos + : sin < sin + :K

= G" + " cos + : + <

$% . . . .

" = G" + " J sin + : + < + cos + : + <K

= " + " /" cos + : + %< < = tan

8. If = ; ; prove that = where = " + " and = tan

Diff. both sides n times . . . by using result 1 79 =

1 %! cos % + 1W + sin % + 1W + cos % + 1W sin % + 1W

= where = " + " and = tan

Diff. both sides n times . . . by using result 1 79 =

1 %! cos % + 1W + sin % + 1W cos % + 1W + sin % + 1W

Diff. both sides n times . . . by using result 7 9 =

1 %! cos % + 1W + sin % + 1W cos % + 1W + sin % + 1W

. . . .

Diff. both sides % 1 times . . . by using result 1 79 =

ST = tan W W = tan

. . . .

Diff. both sides % 1 times . . . by using result 1 79 =

ST = tan W W = tan

. . . .

Diff. both sides % 1 times . . . by using result 1 79 =

If = " "' find

Diff. both sides n times . . . by using result 1 79 =

1/5 1/2 3/5

Diff. both sides n times . . . by using result 7 9 =

Diff. both sides n times . . . by using result 1 79 =

Diff. both sides n times . . . by using result 7 9 =

Diff. both sides n times . . . by using result 1 79 =

If = EFA D cos sin < find

Diff. both sides n times . . . by using result

J cos K = " + " ; cos + %W , W = tan

Diff. both sides n times . . . by using result

J cos K = " + " ; cos + %W , W = tan

= cos 2 + cos 4 cos 2

= 1 + 2 cos 2 + : " 2

= cos 2cos 2 cos 3

= sin 2 cos 3 = " 2 sin 2 cos 3

Diff. both sides n times . . . by using result Jsin K = sin 7 + % 9

25. If = sin 2 sin 3 find S2013

= sin 2 sin 3 = 2 sin 2 sin 3

Diff. both sides n times . . . by using result Jcos K = cos 7 + % 9

26. If = : " %' find

Solution:- = : " %'

1 + cos 2 = 2: " : " = , sin 3 = 3 sin 4%' %' =

27. If = " sin " cos " sin 3 find

Diff. both sides n times . . . by using result

28. If = sin 4 cos 6 find

= sin 4 cos 6 = 2 sin 4 cos 6

Diff. both sides n times . . . by using result

Put = tan W W = tan

. . . .

Diff. both sides % 1 times . . . by using result 1 79 =

Put = tan W W = tan

. . . .

Diff. both sides % 1 times . . . by using result 7 9 =

31. If = log " + " find

. . . .

ST = % 2 = 2# , #=1

ST = % 2 = 2R , R=1

Diff. both sides % 1 times . . . by using result 1 79 =

32. If = log " + 3 + 2 find

Solution:- = log " + 3 + 2