DFC3013 :

OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

(Topic 1)
 Course Learning Outcome
Chapter 1 : Introduction to OOP
Concept of Object Oriented Programming
Basic object technology concept and terminology
 Course Learning Outcome
Chapter 1 : Introduction to OOP
Concept of Object Oriented Programming
OOP concept
History of OOP
Advantages of using OOP
Basic terminologies of OOP
Abstraction vs Encapsulation
Structured programming vs OOP approach
Basic object technology concept and terminology
 Course Learning Outcome
Chapter 1 : Introduction to OOP
Concept of Object Oriented Programming
OOP concept
History of OOP
Advantages of using OOP
Basic terminologies of OOP
Abstraction vs Encapsulation
Structured programming vs OOP approach
Basic object technology concept and terminology
 OOP Concept
What is Object?
Any entity that has state and behavior is
known as an object.
For example: chair, pen, table, keyboard,
bike etc.
It can be physical and logical.
What is Object Oriented Programming (OOP)?
A type of programming in which
programmers define not only the data type
of a data structure, but also the types of
operations (functions) that can be applied to
the data structure.
In this way, the data structure becomes an
object that includes both data and functions.
 Course Learning Outcome
Chapter 1 : Introduction to OOP
Concept of Object Oriented Programming
OOP concept
History of OOP
Advantages of using OOP
Basic terminologies of OOP
Abstraction vs Encapsulation
Structured programming vs OOP approach
Basic object technology concept and terminology
 History of OOP
1960s
Objects as a formal concept in
programming were introduced in Simula
67, a programming language designed
for discrete event simulation
created by Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen
Nygaard of the Norwegian Computing
Center in Oslo

Ole-Johan Kristen Kristen Ole-Johan

Dahl Nygaard Nygaard Dahl
 History of OOP
1970s
The Smalltalk language, which was developed at
Xerox PARC (by Alan Kay and others) introduced
the term object-oriented programming to
represent the pervasive use of objects and
messages as the basis for computation.

Alan Kay
 History of OOP
1970s 1980s
Object-oriented features have been added to
many existing languages during that time,
including Ada, BASIC, Fortran, Pascal, and others.
Probably the most commercially important recent
object-oriented languages are Visual Basic.NET
(VB.NET), C#, .NET platform and Java.

1990s and above

Object-oriented programming developed as the
dominant programming methodology when
programming languages supporting the
techniques became widely available
 Course Learning Outcome
Chapter 1 : Introduction to OOP
Concept of Object Oriented Programming
OOP concept
History of OOP
Advantages of using OOP
Basic terminologies of OOP
Abstraction vs Encapsulation
Structured programming vs OOP approach
Basic object technology concept and terminology
 Advantages of OOP
Code extensibility
It is also extensible, as objects can be extended to
include new attributes and behaviors.
Code reusability
Objects created for Object Oriented Programs can
easily be reused in other programs.
Represent real world
In Object Oriented Programming we are trying to
model either real world entities or processes and
represent them in software.
Data Security
This characteristic of encapsulation (data hiding)
provides greater system security and avoids
unintended data corruption
 Course Learning Outcome
Chapter 1 : Introduction to OOP
Concept of Object Oriented Programming
OOP concept
History of OOP
Advantages of using OOP
Basic terminologies of OOP
Abstraction vs Encapsulation
Structured programming vs OOP approach
Basic object technology concept and terminology
 Basic terminologies of OOP
Object
Any entity that has state and behavior.
Object is the term used to explain many things. Example:
student, chair and circle.
An Object consists of data and method
Properties of an object are called data. In the real world,
characteristics of an object can be divided into two
types:
Data that can be seen such as a human with two
hands.
Data that cannot be seen such as a human with a
name.
Method is a set of function that manipulates data, such
as method DetermineStatus() can determine exam result
for object student
 Basic terminologies of OOP
Object
Any entity that has state and behavior.
Object is the term used to explain many things. Example:
student, chair and circle.
An Object consists of data and method
Properties of an object are called data. In the real world,
characteristics of an object can be divided into two types:
Data that can be seen such as a human with two
hands.
Data that cannot be seen such as a human with a
name.
Method is a set of function that manipulates data, such as
method DetermineStatus() can determine exam result for
object student

Object : Student
Data : name, address, icno, sid, marks, status
Method : DetermineStatus()
 Basic terminologies of OOP
Classes
A class is a blueprint or prototype from which objects are
created. Objects with similar properties and methods are
grouped together to form a Class
A set of objects that have similar attributes and methods.
Attributes and methods of a class can be used by each
object from that class.

class Student class Box

{ String name, address, status; { double width, height, depth; data
int icno, sid; data
double marks; double ComputeVolume()
{ return( width * height * depth ); }
char DetermineStatus() method
{ if marks >= 40 double ComputeArea() method
status = Pass; { return( width * height ); }
else }
status = Fail;
}
} Class

Example 2 : Definition of Class Box

Example 1 : Definition of Class Student
 Basic terminologies of OOP
Encapsulation
Encapsulation is a process of tying together all data and
methods that form a class and control the access to data by
hiding its information.
The wrapping up of data and its functions into a single unit is
called Encapsulation.
It enables access to object just by using methods of that
object.
It is one of the security features in OOP.

If the college management wants to

Class Student get the status whether a student
pass or fail, they only have to
Name, Student ID, Address, IC No know the status without knowing how
to determine or calculate the grade.
Calculate_result()
So, this is a way of implementing
Determine_grade() encapsulation where the code in the
program is hidden thus to prevent
Print_result() from being modified.
 Basic terminologies of OOP
Data Abstraction
Data abstraction is a process to delete all unnecessary
attributes and remain the necessary attributes to describe
an object
Data Abstraction also represents the needed information in
the program without presenting the details.
Attributes and methods of a class can be used by each
object from that class.
Student Class
Student Object

Attribute
Abstraction
Name, Student ID,
Address, IC No

Behaviors

Calculate_mark (),
Determine_grsde (),
Print_result ()
 Basic terminologies of OOP
Inheritance
Create a new class from an existing class together with new
attributes and behaviours.
Inheritance is the process of forming a new class from an
existing class or base class.
The new class will have the same ability as the base class.
Use the concept of code reusability.

Class A Base class to class B

Derived class to class A

Class B
Base class to C, D and E

Class C Class D Class E Derived class to class B

 Basic terminologies of OOP
Polymorphism
Polymorphism is a process of giving the same message to
two or more different objects and produce different
behaviours depending on how the objects receive the
message.
Polymorphism allows routines to use variables of different
types at different times.
The word "polymorphism" means "many forms - the ability to
appear in many forms.

Example 1:
Message: Withdraw a money from bank

Action Object
Student1 : Using ATM machine from Bank account.

Student2 : Using ATM Machine from other Bank (MEPS)

 Course Learning Outcome
Chapter 1 : Introduction to OOP
Concept of Object Oriented Programming
OOP concept
History of OOP
Advantages of using OOP
Basic terminologies of OOP
Abstraction vs Encapsulation
Structured programming vs OOP approach
Basic object technology concept and terminology
 Abstraction vs encapsulation
Abstraction Encapsulation
Delete all Control the access to
unnecessary data data by hiding its
and remain the information
necessary data
only
 Course Learning Outcome
Chapter 1 : Introduction to OOP
Concept of Object Oriented Programming
OOP concept
History of OOP
Advantages of using OOP
Basic terminologies of OOP
Abstraction vs Encapsulation
Structured programming vs OOP approach
Basic object technology concept and terminology
 Abstraction vs encapsulation
Structured Programming
Based on programmer definition
function
1 Split a big program to several
functions. Each function will
perform the task more specific.
Program code cannot be
reused
2 Each function assign to do
specific task only. We must
accept the function as it is. To
modify it, the code need to
copy and modify it based on it
requirement
Object Oriented Programming
Object Oriented Programming
Technique
The use of encapsulation concept
combined data and function in
one component ( class).
Allowed code reusability
It can be done through
inheritance technique. This
technique allowed object to
inherits characteristic (function
and data) other object.
 Abstraction vs encapsulation
Structured Programming
Data manipulation function
Data will be send to specific
3 function to be manipulate
where the function is not
determine first.
No data control access.
Main function will access all
4 data and function in the
program.
Not supported polymorphism
Each data must be declared
5 before do any operation on it.
Object Oriented Programming
Using encapsulation to react on
data
Encapsulation is used to package
data with function that will take an
action over the data. It define
which function will be perform to
each object. Class will control any
operation done to data and
function inside it.
Restriction in retrieving data.
Access control exist for each
data in the class.
Used polymorphism
Allowed one function to be
executed with various method.