Phm Quang D15VT3

L THUYT IN T TNG T
Cu hi 1: Nu nh ngha, bn cht ca mch khuch i ? Phn tch cc tham s c bn ca
mch khuch i ?
Tr li:
nh ngha: Mch khuch i l mch c h thng khuch i cng sut tnh hiu bin i nng
lng c iu kin . nng lng mt chiu ca ngun cung cp c bin thnh nng lng
xoay chiu. Dng tn hiu ra ging dng tn hiu vo ( ni cch khc l khng gy mo tn hiu)
Bn cht: Mch khuch i bin i nng lng mt chiu ca ngun nui thnh nng lng xoay
chiu tn hiu ra di s iu khin t tn hiu vo.
1V thng s c bn:

+ h s khuch i: =

U 2 2 U 32 ... U n 2
+ mo phi tuyn cho php: %
U1
K0 K0
+ mo tn s : M t ; MC
Kt KC
UV U
+ tr khng vo tr khng ra: Z V , Zr r
IV Ir
Pr
+ hiu sut: H %
P0
Cu hi 2: nh ngha v phn loi hi tip trong mch khuch i ? Nu tm tt nh hng ca
hi tip m n mch khuch i ?
Tr li:
nh ngha: Hi tip l ghp mt phn tn hiu ra (in p hoc dng in) ca b khuch i v
u vo thng qua mch hi tip
Phn loi.:
C hai loi hi tip l: hi tip m
Hi tip dng
Mch khuch i c 4 loi hi tip:
+ Hi tip ni tip in p
+ hi tip ni tip dng in
+ h tip song song in p
+ hi tip song song dng in
nh hng ca hi tip m n mch khuch i l:
+Mi loi hi tip m u lm gim tn hiu trn u vo b khuch i v do lm gim h s
khuch i Kht, lm tng n nh ca h s khuch i ca b khuch i.
+Ngoi ra hi tip m ni tip lm tng in tr vo.
+Hi tip m cng lm gim mo phi tuyn, mo tn s ca tn hiu ra v gim nhiu (tp m)
trong b khuch i.
+Hi tip m mt chiu n nh im lm vic tnh
Phm Quang D15VT3
Cu hi 3: Trnh by v mch khuch i mc theo kiu E chung ?
Tr li :
Mch khuch i mc kiu E chung l khi c tn hiu xoay chiu mch s c u vo u ra u
ni chung vi t l c E ca transitor
+12V
+UCC

R1 Rc
IB
+ B C
Cv
Cr
+ Ur rBE IB rCE
Uv Rc Ur
Uv R2 RE E
+

CE

Hnh 1. S Emit chung Hnh 2. S tng ng Emit chung cung

Cc thng s ca mch:
+ Cv,Cr l t ni tng
+ R1,R2 l b phn p DC cho chn B
+ Rc l ti collector
+ Re to hi tip m ni tip dng in ch DC, n nh im lm vic cho transitor
+ t CE t ngn mch ch xoay chiu loi b hi tip m s lm tng h s khuch i
+ Re+Rc ti DC
Tng khuch i mc E chung l tng khuch i o pha tn hiu ra ngc chiu vi tn hiu vo
1. Trng hp mch hot ng ch DC
V cc R .R Nu dc .RE 10R2
Vth .R2 ; Rth 1 2
R1 R2 R1 R2
Vth VBE Vcc
IB VBQ
Rth dc 1 RE R1 R2
I C Q dc .I BQ I E Q 1 .I BQ VE VBQ VBE
VE I E .RE VE IE
VB VE VBE IE IB ; I dc .I B
RE dc 1 C
VC Vcc RC .I C
Phng trnh ng ti DC:
Vcc I C .RC VCE I E .RE
I C RC I C RE VCE
VCC VCE
IC
RC RE RC RE
Phm Quang D15VT3

2. Trng hp mch hot ng ch AC

Ti AC: Rac=RC // Rt
25 mV
in tr tip gip EB: re
'

I E mA
+Zvo . .
Vout R || r
+ Ku ac ' 0 ac .re'
Vin re
+) Zin R1 || R2 || Zvao
+) Z out Rc || r0 Rc
Vout Z in Z in
K
+) i . K u .
Vin Rt Rt
Hiu sut:
U .I
Pr ~
2
U cc
U r max U CEO
2
I r max I c
U cc .I c
Pr max
4
P0 U cc .I c
Pr max
H .100 25%
Po
Cu hi 4: Trnh by v mch khuch i mc theo kiu C chung ?
Tr li:
+Ucc

R1 IB
Rc rBE RCE
Cv Uv

+ Cr R1//R2 RE Rc Ur
+

Uv R2 RE Ur

Hnh 2-3. S Colect chung Hnh 2-4. S tng ng Colect chung

Phm Quang D15VT3

Zin RB || re' nt RE || Rt
+)
Z out re' || R ac re' || RE || Rt
Rac R || R
+) Ku ' c t
r Rac re Rc || Rt
e
'

Vout Z in Z in
K
+) i . K u .
Vin Rt Rt
Cu hi 5: Trnh by v mch khuch i mc theo kiu B chung ?
Tr li:
+Ucc

Rc R1
rCE
Cv +

+ Cr

UrUv rBE
Uv RE RE IB Rc Ur
+

CB R2

Hnh 2-5. S Baz chung Hnh 2-6. S tng ng Baz chung

Tr khng vo ca mch

Zin = RE || re'
Tr khng ra
Zout = rCE//RC RC
H s khuch i in p
1
H s khuch i dng in:
Vout Z in Z
Ki . Ku . in
Vin Rt Rt
Cu hi 6: Khi nim khuch i cng sut ? Trnh by v ch cng tc v im lm vic
ca tng khuch i cng sut ?
Tr li:
Tng khuch i cng sut l tng khuch i cui cng ca b khuch i, c tn hiu vo ln.
N c nhim v khuch i cho ra ti mt cng sut ln nht c th c, vi mo cho php
vo bo m hiu sut cao.
Phm Quang D15VT3
Ch hot ng:
+) Ch A l ch m im lm vic tnh ca Tranzito nm gia ng ti mt chiu, ch
ny tn hiu c khuch i c hai bn chu k.Ch ny gy mo nh nhng hiu sut thp
(H<50%), ch ny ch dng khi yu cu cng sut ra nh.

+) Ch B l ch m im lm vic tnh ca Tranzito l im chuyn tip gia vng tt v

vng khuch i ca n. ch ny tn hiu c khuch i mt na chu k. Nh vy ch
B c dng tnh bng khng nn hiu sut cao (H trn di 78%).

+) Ch AB l ch m im lm vic tnh ca Tranzito l im gia ch A v ch

B. ch ny tn hiu c khuch i hn mt na chu k. Lc ny dng tnh b hn ch
A nn hiu sut cao hn (H<70%). Ch AB v B c hiu sut cao nhng mo ln. gim
mo ngi ta dng mch khuch i kiu y ko.

+) Ch C l ch m im lm vic tnh ca Tranzito nm trong vng tt. ch d ny tn

hiu c khuch i nh hn mt na chu k. N c dng trong cc mch khuch i cao tn
c ti l khung cng hng chn lc sng hi mong mun v c hiu sut cao.

IC
IC IC IC
(A)
(AB) (C)
IC0 (B)
IC0

0 t 0 t 0 t 0 t
c)

Hnh 3-2. Dng dng in ra ng vi cc ch cng tc ca Tranzito.

Mt b khuch i cng sut thng lm vic ch B tuy nhin ch B th gy ra
mo ln nn ta thng y mch hot ng ln ch AB.
Phm Quang D15VT3

Cu hi 7: V mch in Trnh by cng sut ra ln nht v hiu sut ca v tng khuch i

cng sut ch A dng s E chung?
S khuch i cng sut ch A mc E chung:

+Ucc
IC
Rc
RB Cr
+
Cv O
+ Ur IB0
Uv Q P
IC0

IB= 0

Hnh 1.Tng cng sut mc E chung 0

UCE0 UCC UCE

Cng sut ra: UCE

^ ^
U R .I R
PR ~
2 2
Nhn th ta thy:
^ U t
U Rmax U CE 0 CC
2
^
Hnh 3-4. Dng tn hiu trn c tuyn ra
I Rmax I C 0
Cng sut ra ln nht:
U CC .IC 0
PR ~ max
4
Cng sut ngun cung cp cho mch:
P0 U CC .IC 0
Ta c hiu sut cc i ca mch l:
PR ~ max 1
.100% .100% 25%.
P0 4
Hiu sut ny l b qua vng tt v vng bo ha, trn thc t hiu sut cc i ca mch nh
hn 25%.
Nu u ra ghp in dung vi ti th hiu sut ra cn nh hn na v tn hiu b tn hao trn RC.
tng hiu sut cho mch ngi ta thng ghp bin p vi ti. Khi va phi hp c tr
khng vi ti va khng b tn hao cng sut ngun trn RC.
Phm Quang D15VT3

Cu hi 8: v v nu nguyn l hot ng ca tng khuch i cng sut y ko song

song
Tr li:
s mch khuch i cng sut y ko song song:

+Ucc

R1
Q1

BA1 BA2

R2 W1
Uv W2 Ur Rt
W1

Q2

Hnh 1. Tng y ko ghp bin p

Nguyn l lm vic ca mch:
+ Vi na chu k dng dng in qua Vcc qua BA1 do cc B ca Q1 dng hn nn Q1 hot
ng, cc B ca Q2 m nn Q2 tt . Trn cun W1 ni vi cc C ca Q1 s c dng IC1 = 1.IB1,
dng ny s qua BA2 a ra ti, cn trn cun W1 ni vi cc C ca Q2 khng c dng do Q2 tt.
+ Vi na chu k m ca tn hiu qua BA1 cc B ca Q2 dng nn Q2 s khuch i, cc B
ca Q1 m nn Q1 tt . Trn cun W1 ni vi cc C ca Q2 s c dng IC2 = 2.IB2, dng ny s
qua BA2 a ra ti, cn trn cun W1 ni vi cc C ca Q1 khng c dng do Q1 tt.
Nh vy trn ti s c hai na chu k tn hiu c khuch i
Cu hi 9: v v Trnh by nguyn l hot ng ca tng khuch i cng sut y ko ni
tip dng Tranzito cng loi ?
V tng ra l y ko dng Tranzito
+Ucc
cng loi nn trc n l tng o pha,
tng o pha l T3 n c nhim v R1 RC

o pha tn hiu a ti u vo T1 v T2 Cv
T1

Phi chn RC v RE tha mn T3

+
tn hiu ta khng b mo, ng thi UR
T2 Rt
Uv
phi nh thin sao cho khi khng c R2 RE

tn hiu vo in p mt chiu trn collet

-Ucc
ca T2 v emit ca T1 bng khng
khng c dng mt chiu qua ti.
Hnh 3-13. Tng y ko dng Tranzito cng loi
Phm Quang D15VT3

Nguyn l hot ng:

Vi na chu k dng tn hiu ti collect ca T3 ngc pha tn hiu vo nn tr thnh na
chu k m do T1 tt cn tn hiu trn emit ng pha tn hiu vo nn vn l na chu k dng
do T2 thng, lc ny trn ti c dng in t l vi na chu k dng ca tn hiu. Dng in
chy t t, qua Rt, qua T2 v -UCC.
Vi na chu k m tn hiu ti collect ca T3 ngc pha tn hiu vo nn tr thnh na chu
k dng do T1 thng cn tn hiu trn emit ng pha tn hiu vo nn vn l na chu k m
do T2 tt, lc ny trn ti c dng in t l vi na chu k m ca tn hiu. Dng in chy t
+UCC, qua T1, qua Rt v t.
Cu hi 10: V v trnh by nguyn l hot ng ca tng khuch i cng sut y ko ni tip
dng Tranzito khc loi ?
Tr li:
S mch khuch i cng sut y ko ni tip dng
transitor khc loi:
Nguyn l hot ng:
- T1,T2 khc loi
Khi mch c tn hiu i vo
Trong na chu k u tn hiu vo dng th T1 hot
ng T2 ngt. Lc ny t C ngng np. Dng in i t
EC qua T1 qua Rt xung mass
Trong na chu k sau tn hiu vo l m nn T1 ngt v
T2 hot ng .Ngun EC b ngt lc ny t ng vai tr l
ngun th cp gip T2 hot ng dng in c chiu nh
hnh v cc thnh ch nh dn dn trn ti o chiu
vi dng na chu k u to ra mt in p c chu k
hot ng
Cu hi 11: v v tnh cng sut ln nht ca mch khuch i y ko ni tip hot ng cht
B
Tr li:
T1,T2 khc loi mch c thit k ha ng ch B
Khi c tn hiu vo th ti hai im hai u t C s c in p
Bng in p ngun
Nn t C phi c gi tr ln tr thnh ngun th cp
Do dng in ca ngun cp ch tn ti mt na chu k
EC
Nn I max
2 Rt
Phm Quang D15VT3

Nn cng sut cp cho mch l

EC2
P0 EC .I tb
2 Rt
Cng sut ca tn hiu ra :

2
EC EC2 2
PR ~ max I .Rt
2
.Rt
t 2. 2 R 8Rt
t
2
Hiu sut :
PR ~max
H 78,5%
P0 4
Cu hi 12 Nu cc tnh cht c bn v c tuyn truyn t ca b khuch i tht ton

- B khuch i thut ton l tng c cc tnh cht sau:

+ h s khuch i c gi tr rt ln
+ Tr khng vo ZV = .
+ Tr khng ra ZR = 0.
+ H s khuch i K0 = .
c tuyn truyn t:

Hnh 4.2. c tuyn truyn t ca b KTT

Cu hi 13:Tm iu kin ca mch giao ng iu ho theo phng php hi tip dng?
c im v yu cu ca mch t to dao ng iu ha?
Tr li:
iu kin mch giao ng iu ha theo phng php hi tip dng l:
+ K.Kht = 1 gi l iu kin cn bng bin .
Phm Quang D15VT3
+ K + ht = 2n gi l iu kin cn bng pha (y l iu kin hi tip dng).
+ mch cn c mt khu iu chnh hay mt phn t phi tuyn trng thi xc lp bin dao
ng l khng i
c im v yu cu ca mch t to dao ng iu ha:
Yu cu mch to dao ng to ra tn hiu c bin , tn s n nh cao, t chu nh hng ca
mi trng nh nhit , m.
t cc yu cu mch to dao ng cn:
+ Dng ngun n p.
+ Dng cc phn t c h s nhit nh.
+ Gim nh hng ca ti n mch to dao ng nh mc thm tng m
+ Dng cc linh kin c sai s nh.
+ Dng cc phn t n nhit.
iu kin dao ng ca mch to dao ng (theo cch truyn thng) l s dng mch hi tip
dng
Cu hi 14:v mch dao ng hnh sinh ghp bin p. Gii thch cc phn t trong mch v u
nguyn l hot ng?
Tr li: +Ucc
Gii thch cc phn t trong mch: *
+R1,R2 in tr phn p cho chn cc B R1 L1 L C
*
+ RE CE l mch n nh nhit Cr

+ L, C mch to dao ng hi tip

C1
+ L1 cun ghp ly in p Uht R2
Ur

+ C1 l t thot, Cr ly tn hiu ra RE CE

+ Do transitor mc E chung nn tn hiu Ura ngc pha

Vi Uvo
Hnh 5-2. Mch dao ng ghp bin p
1
+ tn s dao ng cng hng f dd
2 LC
Nguyn l hot ng:Mch to dao ng hnh sinh ghp h cm l mt h thng chn lc( h
thng khung cng hng LC) mc mch hoc ra mch hi tip
Khu khuch i c thc hin trn Colector h thng cng hng LC.Khu phn hi bng vic
ly h cm sang cun L1 do tn hiu trn Colector lun ngc pha vi tn hiu Bazo .Mch
khuch i mc Emiter chung nn K = , tha mn iu kin cn bng pha th ht = , do
cun s cp v cun th cp phi qun ngc chiu th s ly c tn hiu phn hi dng tn
hiu c a v gia B v E qua t ni C1
Tn hiu hnh sao n hnh sin ghp h cm c ly trn Colector qua t ni Cr
Phm Quang D15VT3
Cu hi 15: trnh by iu kin v pha ca mch dao ng hnh sin 3 im? V mt mch
dao ng?
Tr li:
tha mn iu kin cn bng pha phi c iu kin:
+ X1, X2 > 0 v X3 < 0. Ta c mch dao ng ba im in cm.
+ X1, X2 < 0 v X3 > 0. Ta c mch dao ng ba im in dung.
Tc l nu X1 ,X2 l in cm th X3 phi l t in ta c mch dao ng ba im in cm
Nu X1 , X2 l t in th X3 l in cm ta c mch dao ng ba im in dung

+Ucc
+Ucc

R1 Rc
C2 R1 Rc
+
C1
Cv
+ L1 C1
+ L

C
+

+
R2 CE RE R2 CE C2
RE
L2 C

Hinh 5-4. Mch dao ng ba im Hinh 5-5. Mch dao ng ba im

in cm. in dung.
Cu hi 16: Tm iu kin dao ng v tn s dao ng ca mch cu vin
Tr li:Mch gm hai khu:
Khu khuch i c R2
R2
+ h s khuch i K ht 1 ; Pha : ht 0 R1 +E
R1
Ur
U ht UP 1
Khu hi tip : K ht . +
-E
UR UR 1 P
3 j ( RC )
RC
C
1 1 R
Khi RC = 0 th ht = 0 v K ht R
RC 3 C

cn bng bin th Kht.K=1

R1 1
Suy ra: 1 . 1 R2 2R1 Hnh 5-8. Mch dao ng cu Vin
R2 3
c cn bng pha th B = 0
1 1
Vy tn s gc : ch f
RC 2 RC
Phm Quang D15VT3
Cu hi 17:Trnh by cc tnh cht tham s c bn ca thnh anh?
Tr li:
. Thch anh c nhng tnh cht tt nh: bn c hc cao, t chu nh hng bi nhit , m
v tc dng ha hc
Thch anh c tnh cht p in, tc l di tc dng ca in trngth sinh ra dao ng c hc
v ngc li khi c dao ng c hc th sinh ra in tch, do c th dng thch anh nh mt
khung cng hng.

Hnh 5-9. K hiu ca Thch anh Hnh 5-10. S tng ng ca Thch anh
Trong cc thng s:
+ Cp l in dung gi .
+ Lq, Cq, rq ph thuc vo kch thc thch anh v cch ct n.
+ Thch anh c kch thc cng nh th Lq, Cq, rq cng nh v tn s dao ng cng cao
Thch anh c hai tn s dao ng:
1
Tn s cng hng ni tip: f q khi Zq= 0
2 Lq Cq
1 C p Cq Cq
Tn s cng hng song song: f p . fq . 1 khi Zp =
2 Lq .Cq .C p Cp
+ phm cht cao Q = 104105
Lq Lq
+ t s rt ln, do tr khng tng ng rt ln Rtd
Cq Cq rq
+ Cq << Cp
Cu hi 18: Trnh by mch a hi i
Tr li:
Khi nim: mch a hi i c hai trng thi. Trng thi n inh ban u v trng thi khng n
nh. Ban u mch trng thi n nh khi c xung kch thch mch chuyn ln trng thi khng
n nh mt thi gian ri t tr v trng thi n nh v tip tc ch xung kch thch.
Nguyn l hot ng:
+ Ban u mch trng thi n nh, u ra bo ho m (mun trng thi ban u l bo ha
U r max .R1
dng th i chiu it Ur = -Umax v a in p v im P c U P ( ) , diot phn cc
R1 R2
thun nn UC=0
+ti t1 khi c xung kim nhn tc ng vo th UP s dng hn UN nn Ura b lt sang trng thi
U r max .R1
bo ha dng. ng thi a in p v ca P U P ( ) diot tt v Urmax np in cho t
R1 R2
Phm Quang D15VT3
UC tng ln ti t2 khi UC vt qua UP(+) th IC lt sang trng thi bo ho m Ura = -Urmax li a
v ca P c UP(-).
UC phng in c xu hng xung -Urmax nhng khi qua ngng 0,7V th diot thng in p ca
im N s ghim li mc 0n nn trng thi ra c gi nguyn khi c cung kch thch cho UP
dng ln th li bt u chu k mi.
R
Tx RC.ln 1 1
R2
Ta c : Thi Phc l khong thi gian UC v 0V
R1
Thoiphuc RC.ln 1
R1 R2

Cu hi 19:Trnh by v mch a hi i dng

transito?
Tr li:

+Ucc

R1 R2 R3 R4
C1 C2

T1 T2
Ura1 Ura2

Hnh 6-7. Mch dao ng da hi dng Tranzito Hnh 6-8. Dng xung ra
Phm Quang D15VT3

Nguyn l hot ng:

+ xt ti thi im mch ang trng thi T1 tt, T2 thng (bo ho). Lc ny t C2 (trc
np in) ang phng in t +C2 qua T2, ngun nui, qua in tr R3 n -C2 t in p m ln
cc gc T1 lm cho UB1 < 0 gi T1 tt trong mt khong thi gian. ng thi vi qu trnh ,
t C1 np in t +UCC qua R1 n +C1, -C1 qua rBET2 n t nhanh chng n in p bng UCC
(do trong mch c R1<<R3) lm cho Ura1 nhanh chng tng ln bng UCC (Ura1 = UCC).
+ Do C2 phng lm cho UB1 tng dn, khi UB1> 0 T1 thng xut hin dng IB1, IC1 v tng ln
lm cho Ura1 gim, qua t C1 dn n UB2 gim, dng T2 gim v Ura2 tng. Qua C2 lng tng
a vo cc gc T1 lm cho UB1 tip tc tng, dng qua T1 tip tc tng. Hi tip dng xy ra
nhanh chng (xem nh tc thi) lm cho T1 thng (bo ho), T2 tt.
Tip theo t C1 li phng in qua T1, ngun nui v in tr R2 gi cho T2 tt
trong mt khong thi gian. T C2 np in t ngun +UCC qua R4 v in tr rBET1, nhanh chng
n in p bng UCC do c R4<<R2 lm cho Ura2 tng nhanh ln mc Ura2 = UCC.
Dng phng gim lm cho UB2 tng ln . Khi UB2 > 0 T2 thng tr li, T1 tt mch chuyn sang
trng thi ban u.
Cu hi 20: trnh by b t to dao ng dng IC khuch i thut ton.
R
Tr li:
Nguyn l hot ng:
C Ur
Gi s bt u ti thi im mch ang trng thi
bo ho dng Ura = +Urmax. Lp tc qua mch phn p P
U R max R2
R1 R2 a v ca thun mt in p U P () R1 R1
R1 R2
T C trc np in p m, phng in qua u
ra IC, in tr R, khi phng ht in p m ri np
Hnh 6-9. Mch dao ng a hi dng b KTT
tip lm cho UC tng ln. Khi UC > UP(+) th u ra
lp tc t bin v -URmax, mch chuyn sang
U R max
trng thi bo ho m.Qua mch phn p R1 R2 a v ca thun mt in p U P () R1
R1 R2
T C ang np th phng in (do in p ra i cc tnh) qua in tr R lm cho UC gim
xung khng, ri np tip v pha URmax. Khi UC < UP(-) th u ra t bin t -Urmax v +Urmax,
mch chuyn sang trng thi bo ho dng. C nh vy mch t lm vic chuyn t trng thi
ny sang trng thi khc cho dy xung vung u ra.
Phm Quang D15VT3

+ Khi ngun nui i xng c +Urmax= |-Urmax|

th rng xung tx c xc nh:
2R 1
t X RC.ln(1 )
R2
+ Nu chn R1 = R2 th:
tx = R.C.ln3 1,1R.C
+ Chu k dao ng:
T = 2tx 2,2 R.C
+ Tn s dao ng:
1 1
f
T 2,2R.C

Hnh 6-10. Dng tn hiu trn cc ca b KTT

Cu hi 21: trnh by cc tham s ca xung rng ca? Nu nguyn l to xung rng ca

dng mch tch phn RC?
U
Tr li:
Cc tham s v yu cu:
Aq
+ H s mo khng ng thng:
tan A0 tanA q
h s ny cng nh cng tt
tanA 0
+ Bin qut Uqmax
U q max 0
+ Hiu sut:
EC 0 t
+ thi gin hi phc Tqn cng thp tqt tqn
to mt xung rng ca th cc mch phi T
Tun theo cc iu kin sau:
- Np, phng cho t bng mch RC n gin. Hnh 6-17: Tn hiu xung rng ca

- Np hoc phng cho t qua ngun dng n nh.

- Dng hi tip n nh dng np cho t.
Phm Quang D15VT3

Phng php todng mch tch phn RC.

Phn tch mch RC phng np bi ngun dng iu khin bng 1 switch c mt ni tr thun b
+ trc khi t=0 th kha K ng.
+ ti thi im t=0 th kha K m nn t C np theo phng trnh
1
C
UC I n dt tng t 0 n t1

+ khi kha K ng t bt u x in p UC gim xung 0.

t C phng tht nhanh th ni tr R ca kha switch phi tht nh
Mun ng khi t phng l ng thng th Inap phi l mt hng s v hm UC l hm hng
1 1
UC
C I n dt I nap .t1 vi t1 v Inp l mt hng s
C
Cu hi 21:Trnh by khi nim iu ch. Vit biu thc v v ph ca tn hiu iu bin
Tr li:
Khi nim iu ch:
iu ch l qu trnh ghi tin tc vo dao ng cao tn nh bin i mt thng s no nh
bin , tn s hay gc pha ca dao ng cao tn theo tin tc.
Do tin tc c tn s thp nn khng th t bc x truyn i xa c nn thng qua iu ch,
tin tc min tn s thp c chuyn ln vng tn s cao bc x, truyn i xa. Tin tc c
gi l tn hiu iu ch.
Dao ng cao tn c gi l ti tin hay ti tn.
Dao ng cao tn mang tin tc gi l dao ng cao tn iu ch. i vi ti tin iu ho, ta
phn bit ra hai loi iu ch l iu bin v iu ch gc, trong iu ch gc bao gm c iu
tn v iu pha.
Biu thc iu ch bin l :
iu bin (AM) l qu trnh gn hm tin vo bin ca ti tin khng lm thay i tn s v pha
ca ti tin
mU C mU C
U AM t U C cos ct 0 cos c s t 0 s cos c s t 0 s
2 2
Phm Quang D15VT3

Cu 23 hy trnh by v mch iu bin vng, mch iu bin cn bng dng diode?