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Units and Dimensions - 6863772 PDF
Units and Dimensions - 6863772 PDF
Volumetric
Mass Flow
Flow
Area Velocity
SYSTEM OF UNITS
Attach units to all numbers that are not fundamentally dimensionless
Practical Benefits:
Diminished possibility of inadvertent inversion of any portion of the calculations
Reduced intermediate calculations and time in problem solving
A logical approach to the problem rather than remembering a formula and
plugging numbers to it
Easy interpretation of the physical meaning of the numbers you use
SI:
AES:
ATURE?
TEMPER
WHAT IS
An indication of the internal energy contained in a substance
Mono-Atomic Gases: Linearly proportional
Poly-Atomic Gases: translational, rotational and
vibrational kinetic energy.
Expansion Thermometers
Liquid in glass
Bimetallic
Filled system/distant reading
Pyrometers
Thermocouple
Resistance
Radiation and optical pyrometers
EXPANSION THERMOMETER
Liquid in Glass
Bimetallic
Filled System/Distant Reading
EXPANSION THERMOMETER
Liquid in Glass
Bimetallic
Filled System/Distant Reading
PYROMETERS
Thermocouple
Resistance
Radiation and Optical
MEASUREMENT OF TEMPERATURE
Relative Scales
Fahrenheit (F)
Celsius (C)
Absolute Scales
Rankine (R)
Kelvin (K)
DEFINITION
Pressure is defined as the amount of force exerted on a unit
area of a substance:
force N
P 2 Pa
area m
Atmospheric
Air
UNITS FOR PRESSURE
Definition or
Unit
Relationship
1 pascal (Pa) 1 N/m2
1 bar 1 x 105 Pa
1 atmosphere (atm) 101,325 Pa
1 torr 1 / 760 atm
760 mm Hg 1 atm
14.696 lbf/in2 (psi) 1 atm
STATIC PRESSURE
Pressure at the bottom of the static column of
fluid:
F
P gh Po
A
where: P = pressure at the bottom of the column
of the fluid
F = force
A = area
= density
g = acceleration of gravity
h = height of the fluid column
Po = pressure at the top of the column of
the fluid
Alternative form considering consistency of units:
F g
P h Po
A gc
PRESSURE RELATIONSHIPS
Manometers
Bourdon tube
Bellows gage
OPERATION OF PRESSURE MEASURING DEVICES
Manometers
Bourdon tube
Bellows gage
PRESSURE RELATIONSHIPS
Manometers
MEASUREMENT OF PRESSURE DIFFERENCE
Remember the formula for static pressure
P gh Po
Pa P1 1d1 g
Pb P2 2 d 2 g f hg
P1 1d1 g P2 2 d 2 g f hg
Underlying principle
If fluid 1 and 2 are the same: 1= 2=
Fluid pressure is the same at any two points
of the same height of a continuous fluid
P1 P2 ( f )hg
Pa Pb