Very formal Neutral Very informal

Offspring Children Kids

Abode/residence house/flat place
Alcoholic beverages drink booze
sleep kip
friend pal
man chap
goodbye cheerio
a child with hard working swot
thank you ta!
Clever brainy
Stationary-Motion (oppo)
Alight-to board(oppo)
Regret-to be sorry
Purchase-to buy
Address-to speak to

Noun Suffixes
-er writer,worker,shopper,teacher
-or actor,operaor,sailor,supervisor
-er/or pencil-sharpner,bottle-opener,grater,projector
-er and ee employer/employee,sender/addressee,payee
-(t)ion complication,pollution,alteration,donation,admission

alter /l.t r / / l.t / verb CHANGE

1. [ I or T ] to change something, usually slightly, or to cause the characteristics of
something to change
We've had to alter some of our plans.
Although long-distance phone calls are going up, the charge for local calls will not
alter.
Giving up our car has radically altered our lifestyle.
2. [ T ] to change the size of clothes so that they fit better
I took the coat back to the shop to have it altered.
alteration /l.tre. n/ / l.t -/ noun
1. [ C ] a change, usually a slight change, in the appearance, character or structure of
something
Several police officers are being questioned about the alteration of the documents.
The house needed extensive alterations when we moved in.
Some alterations to our original plans might be necessary.
2. [ C ] a change that is made to the size or shape of a piece of clothing so that it fits
better
She's getting some alterations done to her dress.
3. [ U ] the process of changing something
The landscape has undergone considerable alteration.

-ist and ism Marxism,Buddhism,Journalism,anarchist,physicist,terrorist

-ist pianist,violinist,cellist
-ness goodness,readiness,forgetfulness,happiness,sadness,weakness (adj to noun)
-able/ible(can be done) drinkable,washable,readable,recognizable,countable,forgivable
Edible,flexible
-Ise or ize(adj to verbs) modernize,commercialise,industrialise
-ment(nouns) excitement,enjoyment,replacement
-ity(nouns) flexibility,productivity,scarcity
-hood(abstract nouns especially family tems) childhood,mptherhood
-ship(abstract nouns especially status) friendship,partnership,membership
-ive(adjectives) passive,productive,active
-al(adjectives) brutal,legal, (nouns) refusal,arrival
-ous(adjectives) delicious,outrageous,furious
-ful(adjectives) forgetful,hopeful,useful
-less(adjectives) useless,harmless,cloudless
-ify(verbs) beautify,purify,terrify

Prefixes
Negative meaning

In
In become im a root beginning with m or p
Immature,impatient,impartial,improbable
In become ir before word begging r
Irreplaceable,irreversible
In beomce il before word beginning l
Illegal,illegible,illiterate
In often give idea of inside
Internal,import,insert,income

legible /le .. l / adjective

describes writing or print that can be read easily
Her handwriting is barely legible.
Opposite illegible

probable / r .. l / / r . -/ adjective
likely to be true or likely to happen
The probable cause of death was heart failure.
An election in June seems increasingly probable.
[ + that ] It is probable that share prices will fall still further.
Compare possible
Opposite improbable

Un- and dis made negatives

Disagree,disapprove,disbelieve,disconnect,discredit,dislike,dismount,disqualify
Unbend,undo,undress,unfold,unload,unlock,unveil,unwrap,unzip

veil /vel/ noun MATERIAL

veil
1. [ C ] a piece of thin material worn by women to cover the face or head
After the ceremony, the bride lifted up her veil to kiss her husband.
The women wore black veils which covered all but their eyes.
2. take the veil
 A Christian woman who takes the veil becomes a nun .
3. take/adopt the veil
A Muslim woman who takes or adopts the veil decides to wear traditional Muslim
clothing.
veil /vel/ noun UNCLEAR
4. [ S ] LITERARY a thin covering of something, which you can see through, but not
very clearly
The view over the lake was obscured by a veil of mist that hung in the air.
5. [ S ] LITERARY something that prevents you from knowing what is happening
The government has been urged to lift the veil of secrecy surrounding the minister's
unexpected resignation.
6. draw a veil over sth LITERARY
to not talk any more about a subject because it could cause trouble or embarrassment
I think we should draw a veil over everything that happened at the party, don't you?
veil /vel/ verb MATERIAL

Prefix meaning examples

anti against Anti-war,antisocial,antibiotic,anti-government,antiseptic
auto Of or by oneself Autograph,auto-pilot,autobiography,autocue,atuomobile
bi Two,twice Bicycle,bi-monthly,biannual,bilingual,bi-plane,bi-focals
ex former Ex-wife,ex-student,ex-president,ex-flatmate,ex-partner
ex Out of Extract,exhale,excommunicate,express,extort
micro small Micro-computer,microwave,microscopic,micro-
chip,microprocessor
mis Badly/wrongly Misunderstand,mistranslate,misinform,misspell,mislead
mono One/single Monotonous,monologue,monogamous,monorail,monosyllable
multi many Multi-national,multi-purposes,multi-racial,multi-cultural,multi-
faceted
over Too much Overdo,overtired,oversleep,overeat,overrun,overcharge
post after Postwar,postgraduate,post-evalutionary,post-colonial,post-
indusrial
pro In favor of Pro-government,pro-evalutionary,pro-iranian,pro-nuclear
pseduo false Pseudo-scientific,pseudo-intellectual,pseudo-democracy,pseudo-
liberal
re Again or back Retype,reread,replace,rewind,rephrase,redefine
semi half Semicircular,semi-final,semi-detached,semi-literate,semi-
conscious
sub under Subway,submarine,subdivision,sub-editor,sub-human
under Not enough Underworked,underused,undercooked,underachhive,underweight
tolerant /tl. r. nt/ /t .l -/ adjective ACCEPTING
1. willing to accept behaviour and beliefs which are different from your own, although
you might not agree with or approve of them
The present government is even less tolerant of dissent.
On the continent people are more tolerant of children in public places.
tolerant /tl. r. nt/ /t .l -/ adjective ABLE TO DEAL WITH
2. able to deal with something unpleasant or annoying, or to continue existing despite
bad or difficult conditions
I think men are less tolerant of stress than women.
Compared to other plants, rye is more tolerant of drought.
tolerantly /tl. r. nt.li/ /t .l -/ adverb
.
 I would tell my grandmother about all the crazy things I'd been doing and she would
just smile tolerantly.
tolerate /tl. r.et/ /t .l.ret/ verb [ T ] ACCEPT
1. to accept behaviour and beliefs which are different from your own, although you
might not agree with or approve of them
I will not tolerate that sort of behaviour in my class.
[ + -ing verb ] I won't tolerate ly ing .
tolerate /tl. r.et/ /t .l.ret/ verb [ T ] DEAL WITH
2. to deal with something unpleasant or annoying, or to continue existing despite bad
or difficult conditions

extort /kst t/ /-st rt/ verb [ T ]

to get something by force or threat, or with difficulty
He had been extorting money from the old lady for years.
Police have not so far been able to extort a confession from the people accused of the
bombing.
extortion /kst . n/ /-st r-/ noun [ U ]
He was found guilty of obtaining the money by extortion (= by forceful methods) .
extortionate /kst . n.t/ /-st r-/ adjective DISAPPROVING
extremely expensive
The price of books nowadays is extortionate.
extortionately /kst . n.t.li/ /-st r-/ adverb
First-class travel is extortionately expensive .
extortioner /kst . n. r / /-st r. n. / noun [ C ] ( ALSO extortionist )
a person who obtains something by force or threat
multi-faceted /ml.tifs..t / /-t ifs..t / adjective
having many different parts
It's a multi-faceted business, offering a range of services