1.

KIU DNG BONSAI

nh ngha n gin Bonsai l mt cy thin nhin thu nh trng trong chu cn. Nn
phn no th hin c kiu dng bonsai chng ta th nghin cu v kiu dng ngai
thin nhin.
Ngai thin nhin ty vo iu kin pht trin nh: v tr, cao, mi trng kh hu
m mi cy s mc theo mt kiu khc nhau, sau khi nghin cu nhiu a hnh khc
nhau, ngi ta thy do tc ng ca thin nhin cc cy thng c cc kiu dng nh sau:
(Cc bn tham kho sau ny ng dng cho c tiu cnh khi sp cy trn cnh hoc non
b):
T cc kiu dnh ngai thc t nh vy cc ngh nhn bonsai lc trc sng tc ra 5
kiu dng bonsai c bn:
1.1.Dng Trc (trc qun t, thng) (Ting anh: Formal Upright, Phin m ting Nht
Chokkan):
Thn cy thng, mc thng ng, mang tnh cht khng thay i, thon dn t gc n
ngn
1.2. Dng trc lc (Tng anh: Informal Upright Phin m ting Nht Moyog)
Dng ny hay gp ngai thc t nht, Thn cy lc t dui thon dn ln ngn
 1.3. Dng Xin (TA: Slanting; TN: Shakan)
Thn cy nm xin v bn tri hoc phi, Cng thon dn t gc ln n ngn
 1.4. Dng bay (Huyn, bn huyn nhai) (TA: Semi-Cascade; TN: Han-Kengai)
Kiu ny ging nh 1 cy sn ni ngoi thin nhin. Cc nhnh thp nht mc di
mp chu cho n khang tm gia lng chau.
 1.5. Dng (Thc ..)(TA: Full Cascade; TN: Kengai)
Kiu ny c cc nhnh thp nht thp hn y chu, To dng sao cho nh 1 ngn thc
chy qua ghng l p nht:
Ngy nay do qu trnh to dng, v do s pht trin ngy cng tin b, bonsai li c thm
rt nhiu dng, nhng d hoc sau ny c pht sinh ra thm dng no na th cng
da trn 5 dng c bn ny.

1.6.Dng chi ( Broom Style - Hochidachi): Thn cy thng, cnh mc tri rng ra ngai,
to thnh tn hnh vm:
1.7 Dng Gi la (Bt phong, xuy phong ) (Windswept Style Fukinagashi) Cy c
dnh nh l ang nm trong vng c gi mnh, kiu ny nhn th c v d lm nhng nn
ch kiu cnh b gi bo thi nh th no lm ch t nhin.
 2.lm sao cho thn cy mau ln?

Cu hi trn chc l nhiu bn c cu tr li. D sao cng nn nu ln nh c ai

cha nm c th c th nm. Ngoi vic phi x dng t trng , phn bn, nc, nh
nng ng cch, cn cn nhng iu sau:

2.1. thn cy c th pht trin nhanh nht, th bin php ti u l trng cy xung t.
D sao, cng phi bit cch trng ng cch xung t!

2.2. Bin php 1 c th s khng kh thi vi mt s bn v khng c ***** t m

trng! Lc ny, th phi bt buc trng trong chu. Kch thc chu nn ***** ln. Bin
php ny cn phi thnh thc trong vic chn t trng: t th (kch c tng i ln)
th s gip h r pht trin mnh hn, iu ny s gip cho thn cy pht trin mau hn.
V cho thn cy mau pht trin hn na, th cn x dng nhnh mi ( tm dch t ch:
sacrified branch). Nhnh ny khng nn ng vo ( ni l khng nn ct ta g c), c
n mc t nhin, v nh vy, n s ko nhiu nng lng ti n, do phn mch dn
trong phn thn pha di n s pht ph ln, iu ny lm cho thn cy mau pht trin
hn. Khi nhm thy nhim v ca nhnh mi hon tt, th lc l thi im ct b
n i, do n c gi l sacrified branch! Nhng hnh di y m t nhnh mi v
nhng ln sng ph trn thn cy pha di nhnh mi. Trong hnh l cy tamarix m ti
ang hun luyn. N c 10 nm tui, nhng vn cn nm trong chu nha. C th nm
2010 s sang n vo chu g nng hn!

H.1: cc nhnh mi cn nh, hnh chp hm 8/8/09

H.2, 3: cc nhnh mi pht trin mnh, hnh chp hm 26/8/09
H.4, 5: hnh cn cnh cho thy ln sng ph di 2 nhnh mi. Ch mt ct c hnh 4
s dn dn b mc thnh bng cy trong tng lai.

3.Cch lm l a, sung nh li

a v sung l hai loi cy c b gc, r, thn, cnh rt p, song b l ca chng li qu

to. V vy phi c cch lm cho l sung v l a nh li khi trng trong chu. i vi cy
a:a c sc sng v chu hn tt. cho l trn cy cng, gi u, ta ly ko ct b ton
b l trn cy, ch ct phn l, cn cung li, sau vi ngy cung l s rng dn ht.
Phi tm dng ti nc cho cy. Ch mt vi tun sau, l mm cc mt l s nh ra.
Nu tri ma phi b chu cy vo nh hoc che y nc ma khng vo bn. Khi l
non xo ra gp mi trng sng kh khan, thiu nc s nh anh li, l to nht cng ch
bng l si, l nh ch bng l cy sanh. Ch ton b l trn cy gi, c mu xanh thm,
bt u chm bn, ti nc bnh thng, gi cho b l xanh quanh nm. i vi cy
sung: Cng bt u bng vic ct b l nh cy a. Nhng do sung khng chu hn nn ta
vn phi ti nc. Khi mm l ny ra, c 2-3 l, dng tay bm b ngn lm cho mm
l chn li khng pht trin, l s gi anh nh li ch bng ngn tay ci. Tip tc theo di
khi thy mm cc mt l c nh ra 1-2 l, li tip tc bm b ngn mt vi ln nh
th, nhng ngn ra ln sau s nh li, ch cho l gi thm li, tip tc chm bn bnh
thng.

4.Cy tm b ln

C tn khoa hc [b]FRAXINUS ORNUS[/b] y l loi cy nh, hay thng khi hn l

cy bi, c xut x min Nam Chu u v Tiu . V cy c mu xm nht l dng
rng thay l, i mt, v c hnh cp i vi l gia u cht. Hoa mu trng ta mi
thm c kt thnh nhnh cht canh. [b]Thay chu[/b]: Cch 2 - 3 nm vo ma thu
hay u ma xun, vi hn cht gm 60% t, 20% than bn, v 20% ct to. [b]Xn ta
v ging dy[/b]: Xn ta h thng r v phn trn ca cy trong ln thay chu u tin.
Lm dy rm v to hnh dng vm l bng cch ta ngn cc chi non trong ma gieo
trng v ta ngc cc cnh n ngay pha trn nhng n trong thi gian cn li ca ma
ng. Xc nh v tr thn v cc cnh t ma xun cho n cui ma h. [b]Bn
phn[/b]: Cch 20 - 30 ngy mt ln t u ma xun cho dn ma thu, tm ngng mt
khong thi gian vo gia ma h. [b]Lu [/b]: y l loi cy c kh nng phc hi
nhanh, d bt r thm ch khi b xn ta nhiu. Phi cy di nh nng c c l nh
hn v cc t xen k ngn hn, song nh xem chng ng cho t b kh ro hn.

5.Cy a
 C tn khoa hc: [b]Ficus Retusa[/b] Cy ny c xut x vng tri di t min Nam
Trung Quc n Philippines, Borno v Malaysia. N c sc pht trin mnh vi l dai
cng, bng nhn c hnh non hp ui l di n 10cm. Loi cy ny cng dng lm
bon sai rt ph bin cc ni xut x ca chng. [b]Thay chu:[/b] Cch 2 - 3 nm vo
cui ma xun - khi nhit khong 68oF (20oc) - Vi hn cht gm 60% t, 10%
than bn, v 30% ct to. [b]Xn ta v ging dy:[/b] Vic ct gim phn trn ca cy
phi cng lc vi vic thay chu ln u v xn tia h thng r. cc vng c kh hu n
ha th nhng thao tc ny cn c lm dn dn tng bc, bo qun cy trong t nht
mt thng sau khi thay chu. Lm dy rm v to hnh dng tn l bng cch ta bt cc
chi non ch cha li 2 l vo cui ma xun n ma h. Cng vic ging dy c th
c lm vo bt c ma no, song t nht ba thng sau khi thay chu. Bo qun phn v
cy. [b]Bn phn[/b]: Cch 20 - 30 ngy t ma xun cho n ma thu v cch mi 40 -
60 ngy vo cc thi im khc trong nm. [b]Lu [/b]: Cy c tnh nhy cm cao vi
nhng thay i bt ng v nhit m vic ny c th lm cho l rng ht. Vo ma
ng gi cho cy mt ni sng sa, m p hoc trong nh knh. Nu bn trong nh th
nn xt cho tn l mi ngy t nht mt ln bng nc c nhit n ha. Ti nc khi
t b kh i phn no.

6.Cy Me
 y l loi cy chu khng r ni xut x. Cy me ldng thng xanh vi v mng
th rp v hi en. L mc xen k dai cng vi nhng l con nh ging hnh lng chim.
Bng hoa c mu vng nht c kt trong nhng chm v tri dng ht u. Thay chu:
Vo ma xun. cch 2 - 3 nm. vi 70% t v 30% ct to hay vt liu tng ng.
[b]Xn ta v ging dy[/b]: Xn ta cc r bao quanh chu v pha trn cc l thot nc
trong c thay chu. ng thi loi b bt c cnh no khng cn thit cho kiu dng sau
cng. ngoi vng.xut x ca chng. cch tt nht l cho cc chi non pht trin v
tao hnh dng vm l bng cch ta xn vo cui ma h Ging dy t cui ma xun n
ma h. [b]Bn phn[/b]: Mi thng mt ln t ma xun n ma thu. Khng c bn
phn trong khong thi gian t nht ba thng sau khi thay chu. [b]Lu [/b]: Ta c th
t cy bn trong nh hay trong nh knh. Nu bn trong nh th v tr t cy cn c
sng sa phun xt tn l thng xuyn. Vo ma h ta nn phi cy di nh sng mt
tri. cho t hi kh ro gia nhng ln ti nc

7.Cy B
C tn khoa hc: Ficus Religiosa C xut x n , cy b c ngi theo n
gio Pht gio cho l linh thing. Cy c l hp hnh qu tim vi u cht di nhng l
mi non c mu hng. Thay chu: Cch 2 - 3 nm vo ma xun, trc khi cc n bt
u cng phng, vi 60% t, 10% than bn, v 30% ct to. [b]Xn ta v ging dy[/b]:
Thc hin cng vic xn ta h thng r ln u cng lc khi chn ct ta phn trn ca
cy v thay chu. Ct gim ch cha li hai l trn cc chi non trong ma gieo trng. C
th xc nh v tr ca thn v cc cnh cy vo bt c lc no trong nm, nhng tt nht
l t ma thu cho n ma xun. Bo qun phn v cy lc ging dy v thng xuyn
kim tra chc chn rng dy ging khng cn vo nhng cnh cy ang pht trin
nhanh. [b]Bn phn[/b]: Mi thng mt ln t ma xun cho n ma thu v cch thng
mt t ma thu cho n ma xun. [b]Lu [/b]: y l loi cy trng trong nh knh
hoc bn trong nh v n phi sng mt ni c nhiu nh sng v c bo qun chng
li nhng giao ng v nhit . Phun xt tn l mi ngy t nht mt ln t ma xun cho
n ma h v i lc cho phn cn li trong nm. Vo ma h khi nhit ln cao
khong(20 - 25 C), ta nn phi cy dn dn di nh nng mt tri.

8.Cy sung r (Cy si)

C tn khoa hc: [b]Ficus Benjamina[/b] C ngun gc pht sinh khp mt vng rng
ln chy di t n cho n min Bc c chu, cy sung r c cy trng rng ri
y v ni khc nh loi cy nh. N c v cy trn nhn mu xm, nhng cnh hay cp
xung, v l bng nhn, hnh non dng n vi u cht nhn. [b]Thay chu[/b]: Ngoi
vng xut x ca n, cch 2 - 3 nm vo cui ma xun, vi 60% t, 10% than bn, v
30% ct to. [b]Xn ta v ging dy[/b]: Vic xn ta ln u ng cch phi c lm
cng lc khi thay chu v ct gim tn l. Nu nh khng thy c du hiu bm r va
th ta hy li b ton b s l trn cnh. Ct gim ch cn cha li hai l trn cc chi non
vo cui ma xun cho n u ma h. Cng vic ging dy c th c lm bt c lc
no trong nm, nhng ph bo qun phn'v cy. V rng loi cy sung r pht trin rt
mnh, bi th ta nn thng xuyn theo di chc chn rng cc dy ging khng cn
vo nhng cnh cy ang pht trin. [b]Bn phn[/b]: Cch 20 - 30 ngy t u ma
xun cho n ma thu, v mt vi ln trong ma thu n ma ng. [b]Lu [/b]: y l
mt trong cc loi cy nh d thch nghi nht, thm ch n c th chu c cc iu kin
nh sng t i. Trnh nhng thay i bt ng v nhit , v nu c th, phi cy di nh
sng mt tri - d khng lu lm - vo ma xun v ma h. Vo ma thu n ma ng
ch ti nc khi t b kh i phn no.

9.Cy d gai (Si) Chu u

C tn khoa hc: [b]Fagus Sylvatica[/b] Cy d gai Chu u l loi cy c kch c trung
bnh phn ln pht trin trng thnh cc vng ni t Chu u cho n vng ni
Caucasus. N c v cy trn nhn mu xm v l c kinh non n thun, dng rng thay
l vi mp gn sng, cung ngn v ngn nhn u cht. [b]Thay chu[/b]: Vo ma
thu hay ma xun cch 2 - 3 nm i vi loi cy cn non, cch 3 - 4 nm i vi loi
cy lu nm hn vi 70% t, 10% than bn, v 20% ct to hay vt liu tng ng.
[b]Xn ta v g pg dy[/b]: Thc hin cng vic xn ta ln u d xc nh v tr r cy
cng lc vi vic thay chu v ct gim phn trn ca cy tt nhn l vo ma thu Nu
nh nhng thao tc ny c lm vo ma xun th nn hn ch chng i vi vic ta
ngn nhng r to hn. To hnh dng vm cy bng cch ta xn nhng chi non vn cn
mm yu khi mi bt u pht trin hoc bng cch ta bt ch cn li 2 - 3 l vo cui
ma xun. Ging dy t ma xun cho n cui ma h, nh cn thn bo quan phn v
cy. [b]Bn phn[/b]: Cch 25 - 30 ngy t u ma xun cho n ma thu, tm ngng
thao tc ny vo gia ma h. [b]Lu [/b] : t cy mt v tr sng sa, song trnh nh
sng mt tri chiu thng t cui ma xun cho n cui ma h. Khng c cho t
b kh ro hn. Khi xn ta vm cy th nn nh rng phn chp'chim u tin hn.

10.si trng Nht Bn

C tn khoa hc: Fagus Crenata y l loi cy c xut x Nht Bn v ging nh cy
d gai ca Chu u (F.sylvatica), song c v cy mu xm tro v l hp hn. Thay chu:
Cch 2 - 3 nm vo u ma xun, vi 70% t 10% than bn, v 20% ct to hay vt liu
tng ng. Xn ta v ging dy : Vic xn ta h thng r ln u phi c lm cng
lc vi vic thay chu ta bt r cy dn dn tng bc, lp li thao tc ny cch mi hai
nm cho n khi cy t c chiu cao nh . Xn ta tn l to hnh dng vo cui
ma xun, ch cha li 2 - 3 l. Xc nh v.tr ca thn v cc cnh cy t ma xun cho
n ma thu, cn thn bo qun phn v cy. [b]Bn phn[/b]: Cch 20 - 30 ngy t u
ma xun cho n tha thu, tm ngng thao tc ny khong mt thng vo gia ma h.
[b]Lu [/b]: Khng c cho t b kh.ro hn. Bi v y l loi cy c s pht
trin mnh u cht, nn cc cnh cn phi c xn ta cn i v mnh tay hn v
pha ngn ng hu kch thch s pht trin phn cy pha di. C th ngt b l cy t
u n gia thng su, song ch i vi nhng cy khe mnh v dc bn phn y .

11.Cy ch sut
C tn khoa hc:[b]Euonymus Alatus[/b] C xut x min Vin ng - Trung Quc v
Nht Bn - y l loi cy bi c kch c trung bnh vi c im d phn bit nh nh
"cc cnh" c du sn si trn cc cnh khi cy trng thnh. N c trng cho cc mc
ch trang tr, va v nt c trng ny v v l c mu rc vo ma thu. [b]Thay
chu[/b]: Cch 2 - 3 nm trong ma xun hay ma thu, vi 70% t' v 30% ct to hay
vt liu tng ng. Xn ta v ging dy: Thc hin xn ta r cy ln u cng lc khi
thay chu v chn ct ta vm l. Ging dy t ma xun cho n ma h, gi gn khng
cho dy cn vo c cy [b]Bn phn[/b]: Cch 20 - 30 ngy t u ma xun cho n
ma h, tm ngng mt thng vo gia ma h. [b]Lu [/b]: Khng c cho t b
kh ro hn. Vo ma h trnh cho cy khng tip xc lu vi' nh nng mt tri. Khi ti
thi im kt tri, cn c nhiu cy st gn nhau t c s th phn cho v rng
cc hoa c th l lng tnh hay n tnh. Bo qun cn thn vo ma ng.

12.Cy nht ( Liu Hoang)

 C tn khoa hc l: [b]Elaeagnus Multiflora[/b] C xut x min Vin ng - Trung
Quc, Nht Bn v Hn Quc - Cy nht l loi cy bi c kch c trung bnh vi l dng
rng thay l, mt trn mu xanh lc v mc di mu bc. Nhng bng hoa nh c mi
thm c tip ni bi cc tri dng qu hnh c mu khi chn, chu c gi lnh
sut ma ng. Thay chu: Cch 2 -3 nm vo u ma xun, vi 70% 10% t than bn,
v 20% ct to hay vt liu tng ng. Xn ta v ging dy: Vic xn ta r cy ln u
phi c lm cng lc vi vic thay chu v ct gim tn l sau khi m hoa. Lun lun
gi cho h thng r c tt, lp li thao tc ny n mi nm k tip cho n khi t
c s cn i nh . Ta ngn cc chi non vo u hay trong ma h, ch cha li hai
l u. Xc nh v tr ca thn v cc cnh cy vo ma h sau khi thay chu t nht ba
thng. [b]Bn phn:[/b] Cch 20 - 30 ngy mt ln t u ma xun cho n ma thu,
tm ngng thao tc ny khong chng mt thng vo gia ma h. [b]Lu [/b]: y l
loi cy c tnh cht khng bnh cao v d trng. Bi v cc vt tn thng khng d hnh
thnh m so, do nu c th, chng ta nn to hnh dng chi) cy bng cch xn ta
cc cnh non. ng bao gi cho t b kh ro hn v bo qun cy vo ma ng

13.Cy tr phc kin

Ehretia Microphylla y l loi cy bi thng xanh c xut x min nhit i chu
vi l mu xanh lc sm hnh oval mt di l c mu nht hn. Hoa nh mu trng, tri
dng qu b ri khi chn c mu . Thay chu: Ngoi ni xc x ca chng, cch 2 - 3
nm mt ln vo cui ma lun, vi 60% t c nhiu cht mn, 10% than bn, v 30%
ct to hay vt liu tng ng. Xn ta v ging dy: Thc hin cng vic xn ta r cy
cng lc vi vic thay chu v ngay sau ct gim phn trn ca cy. Ta ngn ch cn
li hai l u trn cc chi non ang pht trin. Thc hin cng vic ging dy cng lc
hay vo cui ma h. Nn nh l khng c ging dy trn cy qu ba thng Bn phn:
Cch 15 - 20 ngy t u ma xun cho n ma thu, tm ngng thao tc ny khong 40
ngy vo gia ma h Cng nn bn phn mt thng mt ln vo ma ng. [b]Lu
[/b]: Loi cy ny c bit nhy cm vi nhng dao ng bt ng v nhit , bi th n
cn c gi trong chu c nh sng v mi che. N c th c t bn ngoi nh vo
cui ma xun v ma h. Trnh cho cy tip xc thng vi nh sng mt tri v nhit
di 60of (150C). Khng bao gi cho t b kh ro hn. Nu t bn trong nh th
hng ngy ta nn phun xt nc cho tn l

14.Cy hng vng trung hoa

 Lol cy hng vng Trung Hoa l dng cy nh, i khi l cy bi, c xut x vng
Vin ng - Trung Quc, Nht Bn v Hn Quc Chng c nh gi cao v c
trng nhiu nc d n ti Thay chu: Cch 2 - 3 nm, vi 70% t v 30% ct to hay
vt liu tng ng. Xn ta v ging dy: Vic xn ta r cy thch hp ln u phi
c lm cng lc khi thay chu v ct gim phn trn ca cy To hnh dng cht cy
trong ma geo trng, ct gim ch cn cha li 2 l trn cc chi non vn cn mm mi
Ging dy xc nh v tr ca thn v cc cnh t ma xun cho n ma h, gi gn
v cy bi v phn g vn cn kh mng mnh. Bn phn: Bi v cc vt tn thng -
c bit l nhng vt tn thng ln - kh hnh thnh m vo, nn chng phi c lm
lnh bng mt hp cht c bit. Nu c th th hy s dng cc cy con, v to hnh
dng bng cch xn ta cc chi non v ging dy. ng. bao gi cho t b kh ro
hn v t cy v tr' c nh nng. Bo qun cn thn vo ma ng.

15.Cy Mc qua l hnh thun

 Tn khoa hc l: Cydonia Oblonga Cy mc qua l mt loi cy c xut x min Bc
Iran v cc vng ngang qua dy ni Caucasus. N c l cung ngn, hnh trng, dng
rng l, mt di l c mu xanh xm ph y lng t, mt trn l c mu xanh lc sm.
Hoa dng n c nm cnh mu trng hng hng. Tri qu trn mu vng c mi thm
ngt. [b]Thay chu[/b]: Cch 2 - 3 nm vo ma xun, vi 70% t v 30% ct to. [b]Xn
ta v ging dy[/b]: Vic xn ta h thng r xc nh v tr cn c lm cng lc khi
thay chu v ct gim tn l, loi b nhng cnh khng cn thit cho kiu dng cui cng
ca cy ta ngn cc chi non vo ma h hay cui ma thu. Xc nh v tr ca thn v
cc cnh vo ma xun, nhng phi t nht ba thng sau khi thay chu. [b]Bn phn[/b]:
Mi thng mt ln vo ma xun v ma thu. Trong ma cp sau nn s dmg ch
yu cc sn phm c cht lng cao v cht pht-pho v ka li. [b]Lu [/b]: Nn cho
cy c nh sng mt tri chiu thng, nhng dng cho t b kh ro hn. Phun xt
nc cho tn l theo nh k. Bo qun cy trong nh knh vo ma ng.

16.Cy to gai
Cy c tn khoa hc l: Crataegus Cuneata y l loi cy bi c xut x Trung Quc
v Nht Bn, c bit c nh gi cao v c tnh c nhiu hoa mu trng v v s tri
qu nh mu . Nhng cy c trng c hoa mu va c ngi ta dng lm
bonsai Nht Bn. [b]Thay chu[/b]: Cch 2 - 3 nm vo u ma xun, vi 70% t v
30% ct to hay vt liu tng ng. [b]Xn ta v ging dy[/b]: Vic x l chnh h
thng r ln u phi c lm vo lc thay chu v chn ct gim phn trn cua cy - tt
nht l vo u ma xun. Lun lun gi cho h thng r khe mnh , nu nh vic ny
khng th c thc hin trong mt ln xn ta duy nht th hy ct gim n dn dn tng
bc trong mi ln thay chu. Vo ma xun ct ta ch cha li 2 l trn cc chi non.
Xc nh v tr thn v cc cnh trong lc pht trin, t ma xun cho n ma h. [b]Bn
phn[/b]: Cch 20 - 30 ngy mt ln t u ma xun cho n ma thu, tm ngng mt
thng vo gia ma h. [b]Lu [/b]: y l loi cy tng i d trng, c th c cc
vn bm r nu nh ta khng ch n cc khong thi gian c cp phn trn.
Trnh cho cy b phi thng di nh nng mt tri vo ma h v ng cho t b
kh ro hn.

17.Cy tuyt tng Nht Bn

 Tn khoa hc: Cryptomeria Japonica L loi cy tng bch thng xanh c xut x
Trung Quc v Nht Bn, loi cy tuyt tng Nht Bn c th lm thnh nguyn c cc
khu rng. N c l xon nh chic di vi sc mu o vo ma ng. [b]Thay
chu[/b]: Cch 3 - 5 nm vo ma xun sau khi s pht trin bt u, vi 70% t v
30% ct to hay vt liu tng ng. [b]Xn ta v ging dy[/b]: Vic xn ta r nn
c lm t t mt nm sau khi chn ct ta tn l. Mun to hnh dng v lm rm phn
trn ca cy, nn dng cc ngn tay ngt b cc chi non trong ma gieo trng. Xc nh
v tr thn v cc cnh ngay sau khi ct gim tn l, vo ma xun v ma h. Sau khi xn
ta v ging dy, nn che cho cy trnh nh nng mt tri v gi. Mi ngy phun xt nc
nhiu ln. [b]Bn phn[/b]: Cch 20 - 30 ngy t ma xun cho n ma thu. [b]Lu
[/b]: Cy d nhy cm vi sng gi v phi c bo qun trong nh knh. Vo ma h
khng bao gi cho t b kh ro hn v phun xt nc tn l. Bi v cy tuyt tng
Nht Bn c khuynh hng pht trin thn dy ngay ch ni cc cnh, nn loi b ngay
cc cnh khng cn thit.

18.Cy mc qua speclosa

 Cy c tn khoa hc: [b]Chaenomeles Speclosa[/b] Loi cy ny v nhiu cy c
trng, c xut x Trung Quc, c cy trng rng ri cho cc mc ch trang tr.
[b]Thay chu[/b]: Cch 3 - 4 nm vo ma thu hay u ma xun, vi 70% t v 30%
ct to hay vt liu tng ng. [b]Xn ta v ging dy[/b]: Vic xn ta r cy ln u
phi cng, lc vi vic thay chu v ct gim phn trn ca cy, tt nht l vo ma thu.
Ct gim cc chi non ch cha li cn hai l u vo cui ma xun sau khi m hoa.
[b]Bn phn[/b]: Cch mi hai tun mt ln t u ma xun cho n lc m hoa, sau
cch mi 30 ngy vi khong thi gian tm ngng trong thi im nng nht ca ma
h. Lu : Loi cy ny c nh gi cao v c tnh hoa kt sm v nhiu vo ma
xun v rt hp vi phong cch cy trng kabudachi (cm cy). Mt khi cm cy
thnh hnh th phi loi tr ngay bt c chi no pht sinh gc thn cy. Nu c th th
nn gi gn n trong nh knh vo ma ng.

19.Cy Hoa
Tn khoa hc: Cercis Sillquastrum y l dng cy nh c xut x vng pha Ty ca
Tiu , cy hoa hin nay c tm thy ni hoang d trong cc nc vng a
Trung Hi. [b]Thay chu:[/b] Cch 2 - 3 nm vo ma thu hay u ma xun, vi hn
cht gm 70% t v 30% ct to hay vt liu tng ng. Xn ta v ging dy: Cng
vic xn ta mnh ln u phi dc lm cng lc vi vic thay chu v chn ta bt tn
l. Ct gim ch cn cha li 1 - 2 l trn cc chi non trc khi m hoa v trong sut
thi k tng trng. Ging dy vo cui ma xun cho n u ma thu. Cc cnh cy
tuy mm do song d gy khi bt tay vo cng vic nh t t v cn thn. [b]Bn
phn[/b]: Cy hoa thch nh sng v nh nng mt tri, song cn phi c gi gn
vo ma ng trong nhng vng rt lnh. Bi v nhng vt ct xn khng d g c m
so bt kn, bi th cch tt nht l nn dng hp cht lm lnh bo v chng. Loi tr
tt c cc chi mi pht sinh gc thn cy. Cng nh hi ht cc tri. Ch ti nc khi
t b kh ro hn. C th ngt l nhng cy khe mnh c bn phn y t u
n gia thng su.

20.Vai tr ca chu bn ch nht

 Trong cc kiu chu trng cy cnh th bn chu hnh ch nht c a chung hn c.
Cy ang trong qu trnh ct sa to hnh, ta c th trng trong chu trn, to, su cha
c nhiu t, ng thi tng cng chm bn thc cy mau sinh trng. Khi cy
tng i hon chnh, ngi ta a chuyn sang bn hnh ch nht d l bn gm trng
men hay bn xi mng... L do v sao th c nhng cch l gii khc nhau: - Chng ta
thng cho rng xung quanh gc cy cn c mt bi t rng, trng cy s thanh thot
hn v to cho vic bi tr cc vt phi cnh nh , tng t nung... d dng v p hn
so vi cy trng trn chu trn. - ng Robert Steven - Tng th k Lin on hu nghi
bon sai Chu (ABFF) li quan nim chu cy cnh nh mt bc tranh m ci cy l mt
bc v, bn l khung tranh hnh ch nht. Nu khung tranh qu nh b so vi tranh(cy)
bc bi, g b khi ta ngm cy. Tri li khung tranh ln s to cm gic khong t,
mnh mng khi ta ngm cy. Nu chic "khung tranh" l mt bn gm trng men ph
hp v mu sc, thuc loi t tin cng tn thm v p ca cy ln nhiu ln. Thc t
qu c ng nh vy. Ti c mt cy sinh kh gi, ng nt uyn chuyn, cnh ct sa
ngh thut, r ph m u. V sn hp nn ti buc phi trng trong 1 chic bn nh, c
cm gic nh bc bi. Bn b ch m gi 3 triu ng. Ti em gi vo nh mt anh
bn c sn, vn rng. Anh chuyn gip ti sang 1chic bn to gp i, cy trng khc
hn v c ngi mua vi gi 5 triu ng. Nhng bn to n u l va bi ta khng
th t 1 tm nh 4x6 trong mt chic khung tranh 20 x 30cm [b]Cnh Phong [/b] - ng
Vn lut hiu trng trng Bonsai ng Sn Vit Nam ti vng quc B nu
nhng mi quan h gia cy v chu nh sau: - ng quan nim cc cnh cy v ngn cy
biu hin mt mi quan h Thin - a - Nhn. D l cy my cnh nhng cnh di
cng l cnh a (khc vi quan nim v cnh hi m), cnh ln khong gia cnh a
v ngn cy bn i din vi cnh a l cnh nhn k 1 ng chiu, ni 2 u cnh a
nhn gi l ng i cc a nhn Chiu di ca bn bng 2/3 ng "i cc a -
nhn". Nu ng "i cc a - nhn" l 60cm th chiu di ca bn l 40cm c th rng
thm 3-5cm vo chiu di ca bn. Chiu dy ca bn bng ng knh ca gc v cng
bng ni ca r. Nu ng knh gc l 10cm th dy ca bn l 10cm v phn r
ni trn mt chu cng l 10cm. - Chiu cao ca thn cy bng 6-7 ln ng knh ca
gc. nu ng kinh ca gc bng 10 cm th chiu cao ca cy t 60-70cm
 21.K thut Sang chu

Sang chu f mt cng vic bt buc i vi ngi lm v chi cy cnh. Lu khng

sang chu, cy hng. Sang chu sai k thut cy m v b cnh hoc cht. a phn nh
no cng t nhiu c cy cnh trang tr ngoi tht hay ni tht. V vy vic gii thiu k
thut sang chu l rt cn thit. [b]Sang chu nhm 6 mc ch khc nhau:[/b] - Cy cnh
trng trong chu lu nm, t cng, ht mu, r cy n ra bm vo mt lp dy xung
quanh thnh chu. Ma h nng chiu vo thnh chu t nng r pha trong, cy li ht
t nn li tn ri cht dn. Buc phi sang chu thay t cho cy. - Vi a bn, ngoi
mc ch trn, cn mc ch l nhn ging (phn lan). - Sa b r, ct b r thi, r
tha, un nn cho b r p, nng b r ni ln (nh 2+3). - Thay i chu, b ang trng
sang mt chu, b khc cho ph hp vi cy, lm tng gi tr ngh thut ca cy. - Thay
i dng th cy cho ngon mc hn dng th c. - X l thot nc nhng chu b tc
nc. [b]- cy ra khi chu:[/b] Trnh o bi v tuyt i khng c tm gc nh
ln. Lm nh vy cy b! t ht rv cht. Nu t trong chu xp, ta t chu xung nn
t mm, hai tay cm cht ming chu nng nghing chu v pha trc, y i git li
nhanh nhiu ln. C th xoay cc pha chu m lay. Ton b vng t s tch ri khi
thnh chu, ta ch vic cy ra, bu cy cn nguyn vn. Nu cy to, mt ngi b chu
, mt ngi cy. Nu t cht, ta ly mt que st u nh dt chc xung quanh
thnh chu xung tn y. Sau thao tc nh trn. Ngoi ra c th dng que ty u y
ton b vng re qua l thot nc y chu. Nu vn cha c, ta ti nc cho ngm
 tht am ton b bu cy hoc dng bin php cui cng l ngm chm chu vo nc
i cho nc ngm nhn ht t trong chu, ta a chu cy ra, ro nc ri lay
nh ni trn, nht nh s c cy ra d dng. Gp chu phnh hng, ming chu
nh hn di, cy trng li lu nm khng thay chu, p dng cc bin php trn
khng th c, vi nhng cy r sng th dng dao xn mt rch thng xung tn y
chu v vng theo ming chu ri ra, vi cy qu hoc cy rt kh tnh m chu
khng ng gi th nn p chu ly cy. Ring a lan khng cho php xc, o bi, xn
vng r m ch c ti m nc cho rbong khi chu ri nh nhng lc chu lan
ra. R lan to nhng rt rn, phi lm tht cn thn ko b! gy. - X l bu re dng dao bi
sc ct xn xung quanh v di y bu r. Cc bu r c ct rt gn khng dp nt
rmi ti sinh nhanh. Cy trn mt t bao gi cng phn nh ng tnh trng b r chm
di t. Ti cc u db! ct tc s phun ra nhiu chm r mi li c n t mi nn
cy pht trin mnh. Hn ch vic dng que nhn hoc co x bi t v nh vy r c
th b! dp nt nhiu nn b! thi v cy c th cht. Ct xn bu r phi ng thi thc
hin 3 mc ch khc na l m bo sang chu s c t nht 1/2 l t mi, khun kh
bu r sau khi xn thch hp vi chu, b s thay gip cho khi t cy vo chu ng vi
dng th cn sa. Nu di y gc cy c phn go tha di qu, y l du tch ca u
on cnh khi gim su hn lc ct cnh chit bao gi cng phi ct di bu chit, bu
cng to, on g tha cng di, cy khng th trng c vo khay, b. Ta dng ca sc
nh nhng ct b i [b]- Trong li cy vo chu[/b]: Chn chu, b c mu sc, hnh th
kch c ph hp vi cy v 10 thot nc y chu phi to. Nu chu c nhiu l thot
nc cng tt. Chun b! sn sng t ng chng loi. t dng sang chu nht thit
phi kh hon ton. Nu t c phi n li ni bn m bn dng (ln, hin)
hng nm ri cng tt. Vic trng cy vo chu rt cn c kin thc. u tin l x l l
thot nc. Nhng cy d tnh, ng nc i cht khng cht th ch cn t mt mnh
snh chm rng ln l l c. Nn chn mnh snh khi p vo l c knh. Nhng
cy yu cu phi thot nc nhanh, bu tht thng thong nh !a lan, tr, quyn, s
th phi k cao mnh snh ln mt cht. Sau t mt lp di y chu ton nhng
cc x than rn chc, tip theo xp lp t cc, ri n ph lp t ti mi t cy vo.
Xung quanh thnh chu cng xp t cc to ri nh dn. Xung quanh bu re phi cho
ton t mu. Trn mt chu cng xp mt lp t cc to chng nc xi ln r t v
gy ng vng mt chu.Thng thng cc cy khc khng cn cu k qu nh vy, ch
cn lu l xung quanh bu r bao gi cng phi cho t mu. Quan trng l v! tr ca
gc cy trong chu, cn chnh gia hay lch v bn no, cao thp ca gc ng tm,
nghing ng dng th. Mun vy, ta t cy, chn tm t ri ngm 4 mt, ngm gn
v ngm t xa iu chnh, bao gi cy ng v! tr p nht mi lp t. Tra t vo
xung quanh bu t t tng lp, dng que u t xc, ri lc chu, tip theo l ti nc
kiu ma ro cho t len vo mi ngc ngch ca r, khng cn mt l hng no mi
c. Nhng cy nh tr, quyn, a lan thoi mi xp nhng cc t to cao trn mt
chu. Cc cy khc khng c vo t y kht ming chu, v nh vy khi ti nc s
chy tut i ht ngay, t nht phi rnh chy vng theo ming chu gi c nc
ti. Nu tri nng cn che hoc cy ch rm mt khong mi ngy.

22.Cy thin tu nht bn

Cy tu nht bn c tn khoa hc (cycas revoluta). C xut x min Nam Nht Bn y

l mt trong cc mu vt nh nht ca chng loi. Thay chu: Cch 3 - 4 nm vo cui
ma xun vi 60% t v 40% ct to hay vt liu tng ng. Xm ta v ging dy: H
thng r li trn mt thng khng cn vic xn ta mnh. Nu mun lm th cng vic
ny phi c thc hin vo ma h v cy c gi cht t nht vo ma xun nm k
tip. Trong nhng ln thay chu k tip sau, ch cn ta hi ngn nhng r nh hn.
ci thin dng v ca cy th ta dng n dy hay cc mi dy un cong cht l xung
pha di. Mun c kt qu tng t, t c th dng cc ngn tay n lin tc xung phn
l mm mi. Bn phn: Cch 30 ngy mt ln t ma xun cho n ma thu. Cy cng
 c tt nu c bn cc sn phm c cht st ba hay bn ln vo ma xun - ma
h. Lu : Cy pht trin tt mt vi tr sng sa bn trong nh song trnh cho n khng
b nh nng chiu thng v phun xt nc tn l mi ngy mt hoc hai ln ch ti nc
khi t b kh i mt phn no. Loi b nhng l kh bng cch ct b cc cung. Nu
nh c t bn ngoi nh nhng ni c kh hu n ha th hy bo qun cy trong
ma ng tt nht l trong nh knh.

23.Cy bch ltalla

C tn khoa hc (cupressus sempervirens) c trng t thi c xa. cy bch ltalia l

loi cy sng rt th pht trin trng thnh khp vng lu vc a Trung Hi, n gm
c hai hnh th f.sempervirens (c tp tnh hnh tr) 1 v f horizontalis. vi cc cnh c
xp thnh tng r rng. Thay chu: Cch 2 - 3 nm vo ma xun hay cui ma h. vi
60% t v 40% ct to hay vt liu tng ng. Xn ta v ging dy: Vic xn ta r ln
u cn nn trng hp vi lc thay chu v ct gim tn l vo ma h (cui ma h u
ma thu). Mun lm rm tn l. ta c th dng tay hoc ko ngt b cc chi non mi
mc. Khi thay chu nm k tip t mu thu cho n ma xun ta nn ging dy xc
nh v tr thn v cc cnh. Bn phn: Mi thng mt ln t ma xun cho n ma thu
Lu : y l loi cy pht trin mnh v tt nht ta nn thay chu cho cc cy con c
cch mi nm v cch ba nm i vi nhng cy ln hn. Trnh cho t b kh ro
hn v bo qun cy sut ma ng. Trong khi loi sempervirens thch hp to phong
cch cm cy th loi f. horizontalis li ph hp to phong cch cy c bit.
 24.Cy Ngn Sao

Serissa Foetida Loi cy bi nh ny c xut x ng Nam v c mi kh ngi tot

ra khi l b ch xt hay khi r cy b ct. L nh hnh oval dng thng xanh v i mt
hoa c mu trng v dng n c nhiu loi cy vi hoa kp v tn l c nhiu m mu
khc nhau. Thay chu: Cch 2-3 nm vo cui ma xun vi 50% t 20% than bn v
30% ct to. Xn ta v ging dy: Ta ngn cc r trong lc thay chu v loi b nhng
cnh khng cn thit. Xc nh v tr thn v cc cnh t cui ma xun n ma thu tt
nht l vo tit ma c cp sau. Trnh cho phn v cy b dy ging c th lm cho
thn v cc cnh i hng Bn phn: Cch 20 - 30 ngy mt ln t ma xun n ma
thu v mt i lc t ma thu n ma xun Lu : y l loi bon sai trong nh v n
c th c t ngoi nh vo cui ma xun v ma h trnh cho cy b nhng thay i
bt ng v nhit v phi qu lu di nh sng mt tri. Lun gi cho t m t loi
b nhng bng hoa tn ho v cc chi gc thn v cc r.

25.Cy m trn chu nht bn

Spiraea Japonica y l loi cy bi rung l pht trin trn khp mt vng rng ln bao
gm Trung Quc dy Hy M Lp Sn, Hn Quc v Nht Bn L c cung ngn, thon
nhn mi u v hnh oval vi ra mp c rng ca nh, v bng hoa mu hng c
kt trong nhng tn phng u cht. Thay chu: Cch 1-2 nm vo u ma xun. vi
80% t v 20% ct to. Xn ta v ging dy: Xc nh v tr r cy trong lc thay chu
ln u ng thi loi b nhng cnh khng cn thit cho kiu dng sau cng ca cy ta
ngn cc chi non vo ma thu v loi b nhng chi pht sinh gc ca cc cnh. Mc
d khng cn thit nhng cng vic ging dy c th c thc hin t ma xun n
ma h. Vic to hnh dng vm l thng c thc hin bng cch xn ta theo nh
k. Bn phn: Cch 20 ngy mt ln vo ma xun v ma thu bt u thao tc sau khi
thay chu t nht hai thng. Lu : Gy hp dn chnh l do bi c tnh hoa p loi cy
bi ny thng c dng nh loi bon sai ln thng trong phong cch r b trn .
Khng bao gi cho t b kh ro hn v bo qun cy trong ma ng.

26.Cy Thanh Liu Trung Hoa

 Tamarlx Chinensis y l dng cy cao hay cy bi nh c xut x min Bc Trung
Quc v Mn Chu. V cy c mu nu v nt n cc nhnh c mu sm l dai cng
thon nhn mi u dng rng thay l c mu xanh lc nht v cc bng hoa nh mu
hng c kt trong cc chm m chng ln ln do bi s pht trin trong nm. Thay
chu: Cch 2-3 nm vo ma xun trc khi l tr, vi 60% t. 20% than bn. v 20%
ct to. Xn ta v ging dy: Vic xn ta cc r c th c lm cng lc khi thay chu
v chn ta xn phn trn ca cy .Xn ta cc chi non vo ma thu song trong thi k
pht trin ta nn hn ch ch loi b cc chi khng cn thit. Thc hin cng vic
ging dy t ma xun n ma thu bo qun phn v cy. Bn phn: T ta xun n
ma thu cch 30 ngy tm ngng mt khong thi gian vo ma h Vo ma thu ta nn
bn phn c nhiu cht pht-pho v kaLi Lu : y l loi cy cng cp v d thch
nghi. to n tng hp dn nn lin tc ging dy v xn ta c c nhng cnh
treo r xung lun gi cho t c m, thm ch vo ma ng, v bo qun cy trong
nh knh vo tit tri lnh lo nht.

27.Cy cnh - mt th chi hp dn

Cy cnh i vo cuc sng nh mt m tc, mt th chi th hin mt phn tm hn

ca dn tc Vit Nam. ng cha ta gi gm vo cy cnh tnh cm, nim thm m,
tnh cht ca mnh lm tng thm lng yu thin nhin, yu con ngi, yu t nc
t khng nh v hon thin mnh Ngh thut chi cy cnh c tnh qun chng rng ri,
tnh dn tc m , tnh nhn vn cao qu, tnh thm m c o, tnh trit hoc s sc
tnh sng to mi m, tnh kinh t' cao v lm v vang cho truyn thng vn ha ca dn
tc. Chi cy cnh trng cy cnh bao gi cng phi coi trng gc cy - gc co to c
khe th cy mi mnh, gc phi to hn thn. Gc cng to cng th hin cy sng lu
nm. Nu gc c nhiu r ni, r sum su cng p. Cy trng trong chu phi l mt
 gc, tr mt s th cy qun t c t ba n bn gc tr ln. Gi chiu cao v b rng
ca cy phi c s tng xng. Thn cy mm mi duyn dng, xiu nghing hay ng
thng khe mnh l ty theo cc th cy. Cnh cy phi c phn b hp l, cu to so
le chia ra cc hng ln khng trng nha, trnh g b. T gc n ch chia cnh phi c
khong cch t nht bng mt phn ba chiu cao ca cy nhn r c thn cy khe
p v thong. Khng nn cnh che lp mt thn. Mt cy nhiu nht ch nn c bn
cnh. Cnh di cng gi l cnh thn hay cnh hi m, c gi tr to cm gic cho phn
gc cy c hu, vng chi, bn lu. Cnh th hai v th ba l cnh t v cnh hu l hai
cnh chnh ca cy. Cnh th t l cnh t thn, cng c gi l "cnh c" hay "cnh
hu", ct cho phn c tr l, gp phn cho b cc tng th ton cy cht ch. Cc
cnh phi c xn tn l cho ngang phng, gn gng, khng cho l cy mc t nhin,
um tm. Cy phi c ngn, ngn vn cao hn cnh, khng nn dng cy gy ngn hoc
khng c ngn. Nu ngn thp hn cnh cng khng c. Ngn cy t nhin, ng
theo hng no tu thuc vo th cy. Ti sao cnh v ngn phi l nm tn? Ngy xa
con ngi quan nim cuc i c bn giai on: sinh, trng,lo, t (sinh ra, trng
thnh, gi v cht), nu qua "t" ri th phi l "sinh". Cy cnh l biu tng con ngi,
th hin kht vng, l tng, l sng, nim thm m ca con ngi. Cy cnh phi
c bn tay ngh thut ca con ngi tc ng vo hnh thnh mt th cy. l mt
dng ng, mt iu vn ca cy c b cc cht ch, p - mt tc phm ngh thut
c o c sc sng, tot ln mt ch , mt tng nht nh. Tui cy cng cao, cng
qu. Cy cnh p phi l c th nhng nh gn, ni ln ngha trng tn. Ty theo
tng loi cy cnh m trng vo cc chu cnh thch hp, tng xng v ep. Chu cnh
p s lm tng thm gi tr thm m. Chi cy cnh phi ng ch, cy to hoc nh,
ph thuc ni ca mnh rng hay hp v bao gi cng c th ngm nhn c. C rt
nhiu th cv cnh nh: th phng v, th ng phc, th huynh , th ph t, th mu
t, th long ging, th phng v long n, th bt phong hi u, th trc lin chi, th
long n, th lo mai th tam a, th t qu, th nguyt nh, th a o huyn nhi, th
phng rng sng i, th n gi, th ch i, th ngu t, th nh hin trit... Bit nhn
cc th ca cy cnh, c bit l bit to ra cc th cy, hiu ngha c cc th cy cnh
l mt iu rt l th. Xin gii thiu ba th cy tiu biu: - Th ng phc: Cy c bn
cnh, mt ngn l 5 tn u phi xn phng, ngang bng, khng tn no c vng, mi
tn c chia ra mt hng. Dng cy l biu tng ca nm iu c mun gin d m
v i ca con ngi xa, nay: Phc Lc, Th, Khang, Ninh. - Th phng v (chim
phng ma): Cy c bn cnh, mt ngn l 5 tn. Cnh hi m qut pha sau tng
trng cho ui chim. Hai cnh t hu thnh hnh hai tn xe nh hai cnh chim ang xe
ma. Cnh c nh hn cc cnh khc, ngn cy di ra vn ln, tng trng cho u
chim. Dng cy c ln i ngang, hi chc xung lm biu tng con chim phng hong
ang ma n con ngi, vui vi nhng thnh qu tt p. - Th huynh (hoc huynh
ng khoa): Cy mt gc, hai thn (c th trng ghp hai cy li nhng phi to thnh
mt gc). Hai thn c cao thp, to nh sut sot nhau, k st nhau p . Mi thn
u c 5 tn, cc tn an xen nhau. Ngn cy nh phi ng hng sang cy ln nh anh
em, biu l tnh u ym rut tht. Con ngi to dng v chi cy cnh cng l to dng
cuc i, tm hn, tr tu, c mun ca mnh. V vy, cy cnh l mnh tm hn ca ta,
lm cho ta hng v ci p, ci thin, sng p v tt lnh hn. l nhng tc
phm ngh thut c bit, c nha sng ca thin nhin v con ngi lm cho con ngi
ho nhp vi thin nhin vnh hng v k th.