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6.3 The Economics of Smoking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

165
The Externalities of Smoking 166
Should We Care Only About Externalities, or Do Internalities Matter Also? 170

6.4 The Economics of Other Addictive Behaviors . . . . . . . . . . . 173


Drinking 173
Illicit Drugs 174
Application: Public Policy Toward Obesity 174
Summary 177

6.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Questions and Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

Advanced Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

CHAPTER 7 Public Goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181


7.1 Optimal Provision of Public Goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
Optimal Provision of Private Goods 183
Optimal Provision of Public Goods 185

7.2 Private Provision of Public Goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187


Private-Sector Underprovision 188
Application: The Free Rider Problem in Practice 189
Can Private Providers Overcome the Free Rider Problem? 190
Application: Business Improvement Districts 190
When Is Private Provision Likely to Overcome the Free Rider Problem? 192

7.3 Public Provision of Public Goods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194


Private Responses to Public Provision: The Problem of Crowd-Out 195
Measuring the Costs and Benefits of Public Goods 197
How Can We Measure Preferences for the Public Good? 197
Empirical Evidence: Measuring Crowd-Out 198

7.4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199

Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

Questions and Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200

Advanced Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

APPENDIX TO CHAPTER 7 The Mathematics of Public


Goods Provision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202

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