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Bài Giảng TH Kỹ Thuật Đo
Bài Giảng TH Kỹ Thuật Đo
1.2 DNG C O
- Thc cp (pocket caliper gauge).
- Thc cp th (toolmaker caliper gauge).
- Thc o su (depth caliper gauge).
- Ke vung c vt (hair angle).
- Dng bn knh 1-7mm; 7,5-15mm (radius gauge).
1.3 YU CU
- Nm r cu to v nguyn tc s dng ca thc cp, thc cp th, thc o su.
- Nm r cc nguyn nhn gy ra sai s khi o.
1.4 MC CH
- S dng thnh tho cc loi thc c du xch o kch thc di v ng knh.
ng thi bit cch hiu chnh tng loi thc.
- Bit s dng dng bn knh v ke vung bng phng php khe h nh sng.
1.5 L THUYT C BN
1.5.1 Thc cp
1.5.1.1 Cu to
Thc cp l dng c o thng dng nht v n c nhiu chc nng, kt cu v cch
s dng n gin. N thch hp o nhanh cc kch thc bn trong, bn ngoi v chiu
su.
Thc cp c cu to nh hnh 1.3. Trn u o ng cng c chia thnh vch o
ging nh trn thn thc gi l du xch. Khi 2 m o c kp li 1th vch s 0 trn du
xch phi trng vi vch s 0 ca thang thc chnh. 0,05 1
0 2
M o trong
0
u o c Vt c nh 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
nh 0,95
u ngThang LiHnh Trang
Du1xch
o 1.5: Thc cp 1/20 m rng
su
M o ngoiHnh 1.3: Ray
Du xch Thc cp
trt
thc chnh Hnh 1.4: Thc
19 cp 1/20
Chi tit
Ks. Phm Nguyn Quc Huy Thc hnh K thut o
Hnh 1.1
khuch i ca thc cp- Thc cp (pocket
( chnh xc khicaliper
c)
gauge)
l chnh lch gia cc khong vch chia trn thn thc v
trn du xch.
i vi thc cp 1/20, 19 mm c chia thnh 20
khong (hnh 2). Khong cch gia 2 vch chia trn du
xch l 19/20mm = 0,95 mm, trong khi khong cch
gia 2 vch chia trn thc chnh l 1mm. 0,05
Nh vy, chnh lch ca 2 khong vch chia l: 0 1 2 3 4
1mm 0,95mm = 0,05mm. Chnh lch ny c gi l s
o Vecni ( khuch i). 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(hay thc
1.5.1.2 cpc
Cch 1/20).
kt Ngoi
qu ora, c th d dng c kt
qu hn, ngi ta c th ly 39 mm chia thnh 20 khong
Trong khi c, ta xem vch s 0 ca du xch l du phy thp phn. Bn tri ca
(hnh 3)
ca n ta c phn nguyn ca kch thc, bn phi ta tm xem vch no ca du xch trng
vi vch ca thc chnh ta c c gi tr thp phn ca kch thc theo tng loi thc
cp 1/10, 1/20, hay 1/50.
Trang 2
Ks. Phm Nguyn Quc Huy Thc hnh K thut o
Kt qu o = 22,78
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Cnh dn hng
u di ng
M o trong
Trang 3
Hnh 1.6: Thc cp th
Ks. Phm Nguyn Quc Huy Thc hnh K thut o
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 13 14 15
5 5
Chi tit
30
Trang 4
Ks. Phm Nguyn Quc Huy Thc hnh K thut o
1.5.3 Thc o su
Vt hm
Mt o
Mt chun o
Dng bn knh
Trang 5
Ks. Phm Nguyn Quc Huy Thc hnh K thut o
Bn knh ca dng ln hn
Gc vung c 4 cp chnh xc
200 4 8 15 30
Mt kim tra
1.5.5 Ke vung
Ngoi ra, ta c th kim tra gc vung bng ke
vung c vt. Ke vung vt (hnh 1.13) c 2 cnh kim
tra b vt. Nh vy, nh mt vt ta c th kim tra theo
phng php khe h nh sng d dng hn so vi ke dt.
Trang 6
Ks. Phm Nguyn Quc Huy Thc hnh K thut o
Khe h nh sng u
Khe h nh sng
khng u
Trang 7
Ks. Phm Nguyn Quc Huy Thc hnh K thut o
ng di ng
(thc ng)
ng c nh
2.5.3 Dng
Palme
oosuchnh xc
Hnh chiu
2.6: su
Thc cc rnh
Palme l 2 tip im
o trong
bc v bc thang. Chc nng hot ng ca cc b
phn cng tng t nh Palme o ngoi. Thanh o
c mt u cn vi vng thp dng gn cht vi
trc vt . Thanh o c vn tin vo v tin ra
khi mt chun o. Cch c kt qu o tng t
nh Panme o ngoi.
S khc nhau gia Panme o su v Panme
o ngoi: Panme o ngoi tin ra khi vn ngc
chiu kim ng h, v gi tr tng dn t tri sang
phi. Cn Palme o su th ngc li, gi tr tng
dn t phi sang tri, do m cc vch trn thc
ng cng c chiu ngc li.
V vy khi o bng Palme o su phi ch
Trang 9
iu ny khi c kt qu. Hnh 2.7: Chc nng Palme o su
Ks. Phm Nguyn Quc Huy Thc hnh K thut o
Cch o
Gi cn ngang ca palme o su mt cch
chc chn bng mt tay ln trn chi tit. Tay kia vn
hm cc a thanh o tin xung (hnh 2.8). Khi
trc o n v tr cn o, ta c kt qu o, cch c
tng t vi panme o ngoi. Hoc ta c th ly
palme o su ra c kt qu d dng hn, nhng
khng c ng vo thc ng.
Hnh 2.8: Cch o Palme o su
BI 3: O GC
3.2 DNG C O
- Thc o gc thng thng (simple
protractor).
- Thc o gc vn nng (universal protracor).
3.3 YU CU
- Bit chuyn i cc n v o gc.
- Nm r cc nguyn nhn gy ra sai s khi o.
3.4 MC CH
- S dng thnh tho thc o gc vn nng o gc nhn v gc t.
3.5 L THUYT C BN:
3.5.1 Thc o gc thng thng.
Du xch phi/tri
Vt iu chnh xoay
Thang thc chnh
Thanh
Hnh 3.4: Thc o gc vn nngc nh
Vt iu chnh chuyn
S dng: ng tnh tin
Thanh di ng
Khi vt t ti tm ca(tnh
atin hoc chnh
thc xoay) c vn ra, thanh di ng c th xoay c.
Nu ta xoay cnh thc di ng thng hng vi thanh c nh, ta s c v tr 0. V tr ny
cng tng ng gc 1800.
Nu thanh di ng xoay sang tri, ln ca gc s tng dn t 0 0. V n s to ra
mt gc t vi thanh c nh (hnh 3.4, 3.5).
V thang thc chnh chia thnh 4 phn 90 0, nn kt qu ta c c trn trc ch
nh hn 900. V vy kt qu o c th l kt qu ta c c trn thc, hoc l phi c
tnh ton. Quy tc nh sau:
Vi gc nhn:
Kt qu o = Gi tr trn thc
Vi gc t:
Kt qu o = 180 - Gi tr trn thc
V d:
Trang 11
Hnh 3: iu chnh gc 300
Ks. Phm Nguyn Quc Huy Thc hnh K thut o
Du xch Cch c
Du xch ca thc o gc vn nng c
thit k ging nh ca thc cp. Khong cch 2
vch chia ca du xch l 1 55 .
Nu vch u tin ca du xch trng vi
vch chia ca thang thc chnh th gc s ln
Hnh 3.7: iu chnh v tr 900
hn gc th hin trn thang thc chnh 5 (hnh
3.9). Nu vch th 2 trng th s hn 10 v.v
Thc o gc vn nng c 2 du xch c
chia cch bi gi tr 0, gi l du xch tri, du
Nu tip tc dch chuyn thanh di ng,
xch phi.
gi tr o trn thang thc chnh s gim ngc
li. Khi , 2 thanh di ng v c nh s to 0
Quy tc c kt qu o nh sau:
thnh gc nhn, v ta c th c ngay kt qu
u cn
m khng tin,phi
ta m
tnhtrn
tonthang
(hnhthc
3.8). chnh bt
u t 0 cho n st vch 0 ca du xch, ta
c gi tr (0). Sau , ta c gi tr pht () ca
gc trn du xch theo hng ta c kt qu lc
ny ( cch c ging nh thc cp ) (hnh
Hnh 3.8: iu chnh v tr 800
3.10). Qu trnh ny c thc hin theo
3.5.2.2 Quy tc c kt qu o bng thc o gcc 2
Givn nngth: 560 5
tr hin
hng (phi/tri).
Trang 12
Hnh 3.10 : V d c kt qu bng thc o gc vn nng
Ks. Phm Nguyn Quc Huy Thc hnh K thut o
Trang 13
Ks. Phm Nguyn Quc Huy Thc hnh K thut o
I II 1
3
2
4
3 2
I II 1
4.1.2 DNG C O
- Palme 0 25, gi tr chia 0,01mm.
4.1.3 YU CU
- Bit cch la chn cc trang b cng ngh, thit b v dng c o tin hnh o cc
thng s hnh hc ca chi tit tr trn.
- Bit cch thao tc v phng php s dng, hiu chnh, c kt qu o ca thc
cp, palme
4.1.4 MC CH
- Bit cch xc nh cc sai lch hnh dng ca chi tit.
- Nm c sai lch hnh dng nh hng n kh nng lm vic ca chi tit.
4.1.5 CC BC THC HIN
- Dng palme o kch thc ng knh mt tr 4 ti hai tit din xa nhau nht I, II;
mi tit din o ti 3 v tr cch u 1200 nh trn.
- Sai lch trn ti tng tit din I-I v II-II c tnh nh sau:
imax imin
EFK i
2
Sai lch trn ca chi tit l gi tr ln nht ca sai lch trn ti hai tit din trn:
EFK = max(EFKI-I, EFKII-II)
- Sai lch profil dc trc theo tng ng sinh 1-1, 2-2, 3-3 c tnh theo cng thc:
iII iI
EFP i
2
Sai lch profil dc trc ca chi tit l gi tr ln nht ca ba gi tr trn:
EFP = max(EFP1-1, EFP2-2, EFP3-3)
Trang 14
Ks. Phm Nguyn Quc Huy Thc hnh K thut o
4.2.1 NHIM V
- o o hng knh mt tr so vi ng tm AB ca chi tit trc bc
24
34,7
4
35,8
56
4
100,9
4
140
194,4
0,65 2,5
7
2,5
168
174,64
4.2.2 DNG C O
- Mi chng tm.
- Khi V 1200 v cc nh v ph.
- ng h so.
4.2.3 YU CU
- Bit cch la chn cc trang b cng ngh, thit b v dng c o tin hnh o cc
sai lch v tr tng quan ca chi tit tr trn.
- Bit cch g v s dng khi V, ng h thn qu; bit s dng, hiu chnh, c kt
qu o ca ng h so kiu s, kiu c t.
4.2.4 MC CH
- Nm c cc sai lch v tr tng quan ca chi tit gia cng c kh.
- Nm c cch la chn s g o, thao tc o, cch c s liu o khi tin hnh
o sai lch v tr tng quan.
Trang 15
Ks. Phm Nguyn Quc Huy Thc hnh K thut o
Hnh 2.5- S g o.
Trang 17
Ks. Phm Nguyn Quc Huy Thc hnh K thut o
Trang 18
Ks. Phm Nguyn Quc Huy Thc hnh K thut o
Hnh 8: Trc cn gia cng chnh xc
21
Trang 19