(2011-2041)

,2011
,


Government of the Republic of Slovenia Government of the Republic of Slovenia

Title: Water Strategy for the Republic of Macedonia

 : ,
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/ .: 52 1411 00 - 2009

: .o.o.
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............................................................... XIII

1. ..................................................................................... 1

2. ...................................... 2
2.1 ....................................................................................... 2
2.1.1 .................................................................. 2
2.1.2 ........................................................... 18
2.1.3

................................................ 30
2.2
............................................................................... 30

3. ............. 33
3.1 .................................... 33
3.1.1 ............................................................ 36
3.1.2 ......................................... 41
3.1.3 ............................................. 45
3.1.4 ............................ 56
3.1.5 ......................... 58
3.1.6 .... 73
3.2 ........................................................................ 76
3.2.1 .................................................... 77
3.2.2 ......................................................... 79
3.2.3
......................................................................... 79
3.2.4 ...................................... 81
3.2.5 ... 82
3.2.6 ............................................... 84
3.2.7 ...... 84
3.2.8 ........................... 85
3.2.9 .................... 86
3.2.10 ............................. 87
3.3 ........ 94
3.3.1 ..................................................................... 94
3.3.2 .................................................................... 96
3.3.3 ................................................................... 101
3.3.4 ............................................................................. 105
3.3.5 ......................................... 107
3.4
........................................................................................ 108
3.4.1 .................................. 108
3.4.2
................................................................................. 130
3.4.3 ,
................................................................................................. 131

4. ........................................ 134

 4.1 .............................................................................................................. 134
4.2 ................ 135
4.2.1 ................................................................... 135
4.2.2 .................................................................. 136
4.2.3 ................................................................... 138
4.2.4 ................................................... 139
4.3 ...................................................................... 139
4.3.1 .................................................. 140
4.3.2 ....................................................... 141
4.3.3 ................................................................................. 141
4.3.4 / ........................................................ 142
4.3.5 ..................................... 142
4.3.6 ................................................................................... 143
4.3.7 / ................................................. 143
4.3.8 ......................... 144
4.3.9 ..................... 144
4.4 .......................................................................... 144
4.4.1 ............................................... 147
4.4.2 ................................................ 150
4.4.3 .. 151
4.4.4 ................................................ 151
4.4.5 ................................................................... 152
4.5 .......... 152
4.5.1 , 2000....... 152
4.5.2 .......................................................................... 153
4.5.3 ..................................... 153
4.5.4

.................................................................................................. 153
4.6 .......... 154
4.6.1 ................................................................................. 154
4.6.2 ............................................................................... 155
4.6.3
.................................................................................................. 155
4.6.4 .................................................. 156
4.6.5 ............................................................. 156

5. .................................... 158
5.1 ............. 158
5.2 ...................................................................... 161
5.3 ........................................................................... 165
5.4 ............ 171
5.5 .............. 173
5.6 ..................... 176
5.7 ....................................................................... 176
5.8 ................................................................. 177
5.9 178

6.
............................................................................... 179
6.1 179
6.1.1 ................ 179
6.1.2 ........................................................ 182
6.1.3 .................................................................... 183
6.1.4 ................................................... 187
6.2 ... 188
6.2.1 .. 188
6.2.2 ............................................................................. 190
6.2.3 ..................................................................................... 191

7. .......................................................... 194
7.1
194
7.1.1
............................................................................................ 196
7.1.2
....................................................................................... 196
7.1.3
............................................... 197
7.1.4
........................................................................................... 202
7.2 ..... 203
7.3 ............................... 205
7.4 ........... 207
7.4.1 ....................... 208
7.4.2 ....................... 210
7.5 .......................................................................................... 212

8. ......................................................... 217
I ............................................................ 223
II ................................................................. 246
III ............................... 253


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6: 5 2008
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(.. 8 / 99)

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36/232
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2:
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(km2) (km) (m3/s)

(a)
20.661 301 63-145

2.068 139 24,2(b)

770 75 8.7

2.841 137 12,6(c)

4.344 .. 12,2(d)

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468 52 23,4(e)

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41/232


(km2) (km) (m3/s)

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42/232

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0,40
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14 53,59
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5:
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2010 .
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3.1.4
3.1.4.1

6372000000 3 ( 6).

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(72%) ,
, . (26%) . (2%)
( , 2002 ).

2: (, 1999)

(106 3/.)
4.600
132
1.640
6.372

0,4 0,6 3.
0,3 0,5 3,
.
1995-1996, 1,5 1,7 3, 84%
16% . ,
,
.
7.
. 1960-1991,
, 63,0 3 /
144,90 m3 / s, 6,5
l/s/km2.
4,6 3.
. 1961-1990
19,63 3/.

56/232

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3.

1961-1990 0,74 3/,
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.
132 3.

3:
( , 1998,
, 2002)

(. 3) (//2)

4,600 7,0

0,764 12,9

0,271 11,2

0,400 4,6

.. 4,1

.. 5,1

.. ..

1,640 12,3

.. ..

0,132 3,1

.. ..

3.1.4.2

,


( II-3, 43).

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- 80%
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).
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15%
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3.1.5

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.
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).

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60/232
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2009
(
). 85,5%
, 7,2% 7,2%
( 3).

Results of biological monitoring of surface waters

7,20% 7,20%

I quality class

II quality class
85,50%
III quality class

2:

% 2009 (, 2010)

2009
,
,
.
- ,
80% ,
20% .

61/232

100% .

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, .

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. .

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3.1.5.1.3

1988-2006
5
( 4). 2008

.

2009
.

( 8).

62/232
 BOD5 IN RIVERS

25

20
BOD5 [mg/l O2]

15 Vardar
Bregalnica
Crna Reka
10

0
1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007
YEAR

3: BOD5 1988-2006 (,
2010)

5 6

2008 .
9,08 2 / 7,56 2 /
.

BOD5 LAKE OHRID (YEAR 2008)

Jan Mar Mai Jul Sep Dec

BOD5 mg/l

4: BOD5 2008
(, 2010)

63/232
 BOD5 LAKE PRESPA (YEAR 2008)

Jan Mar Mai Jul Sep Dec

BOD5 mg/l

5: BOD5 2008 (,
2010)

64/232
3.1.5.1.4

,
,
.

1988-2006,

.

1990- ( 7-10).

.

( 0015
/) ( 0,55 /).
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,
.

2008
2007 .

65/232
 TOTAL AMMONIUM IN THE RIVERS

3,5
TOTAL AMMONIUM [mg/l N]

2,5

2 Vardar
Bregalnica
1,5 Crna Reka

0,5

0
1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007
YEAR

7: 1988-2006
(, 2009)

NITRATE IN RIVERS

6
NITRATE [mg/l]

4 Vardar
Bregalnica
3 Crna Reka

0
1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

YEAR

8: 1988-2006
(, 2009)

66/232
 TOTAL NITRATE IN LAKES

0,9

0,8
TOTAL NITRATE [mg/l]

0,7

0,6
0,5 Ohrid Lake
0,4 Prespa Lake

0,3

0,2

0,1
0
1999

2001

2003

2005

2007
YEAR

9: 2000-
2006 (, 2009)

ORTHOPHOSPHATE IN RIVERS

1,8
ORTHOPHOSPHATE [mg/l]

1,6

1,4
1,2
Vardar
1
Bregalnica
0,8
Crna Reka
0,6
0,4

0,2

0
1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

YEAR

10: 1999-2006
(, 2009)

67/232
 TOTAL PHOSPHORUS IN LAKES

0,07
TOTAL PHOSPHORUS [mg/l]

0,06

0,05

0,04
Ohrid
Prespa
0,03

0,02

0,01

0
1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007
YEAR

11: 1988-
2006 (, 2009)

2009


.
-
2009 ( 9).

.

3.1.5.1.5

2009 (,
, , , , , )
2007 2008
, ,
.

3.1.5.1.6

(

76/160/EC).

68/232


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( 11).
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( 3.4.1.1.1). ,


.
( ).

.

BATHING WATER QUALITY LAKES

50
45
IMPROPER SAMPLES [%]

40
35
30
Physico-chemical
25
Microbiological
20
15
10
5
0
1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

YEAR

12:
1997-2005 (, 2009)

3.1.5.2


.

.

, .

,

69/232
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.


( 5).

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.

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= 1:200 000,

.

3.1.5.2.1


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;

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3.1.6

3.1.6.1

, : ,
.
II-2 (, 2002; ,
2005a; , 2009).

3- AEWA ,
:

- :
(UNESC-1980); Ramsar Shedow (1B/1987);
(1977), CORINE (P-003/2000); (
MKWS002/ -: MKWS0001A,
MKWS0001B, MKWS0001C), BSPSM/02; /1999;
/2004;
- : Ramsar (1995);
(1977); (1996); CORINE
(P-001/2000); ( MKWS001/
MKWS001A, MKWS001B), BSPSM/02;
/1999; /2004;
- : Ramsar Shedow (1B/1987);
(1977), CORINE (P-002/2000); (
MKWS003), BSPSM/02; 1999;
/2004;
- .: CORINE (GV: LE, PC, TR; SV: BR, CR;
DV:DE/ BSPSM/02; .- Axios River:
/1999; /2004.
- . : CORINE (CD: RA, OE, PE/
BSPSM/02; /1999; /2004;

73/232
- .: CORINE (ST),
MKWS0016BSPSM/02); /1999;
/2004;
- : CORINE P-004/2000;
( MKWS0004), BSPSM/02;
- : CORINE P-005/2000; (
MKWS0005), BSPSM/02 ;
- :CORINE P-006/2000;
( MKWS0006), BSPSM/02.

3.1.6.2 ( 2000 )

(ASCI - )
-
(
, 1979).
42 .

1982 1997
( . 49/97)
1999 (, 2009).
. 5 (1998)
,
2000
.
35
. 752,223
29% .
(625 )
76,740 .
( I, 11).
2000 , 35
:

- (
2000)
(, ,
);

74/232
 - /
( 2000)
.
- , /

26 .

3.1.6.3
(76/160/EEC)

,
.
101.

.

.

. ,
( 149),
,
.

3.1.6.4
98-
100 ,
.
100
( ,
, .)

(, , ).
,
.

75/232
3.1.6.5


,


.

102
103.

3.1.6.6

3.2
13
.
,
, ,
:
, ,
, ,
;

;
;
-
, , ,
, , , ,
.

( )), ,

76/232
, , .

, .
, ,
.

3.2.1

. ,
,
,
,

.

88,9%
,
,
21 , ,

, .


,
, ,
. ( 13).

4% Way of supplying the household with drinking water

2% 3%

5%

public water pipeline (in the dwelling)

private air compressed water tank (in the dwelling)

public water pipeline (out of the dwelling)

well

other ways (out of the dwelling)

86%

77/232
 13: ,
2002 ( , 2009)

,
, . ,
, ,
.
:

"" ,, ,
"" , 13 ,
"" .
2002 ,
597 014,
86% , 7%
.

, 82% (, )
100% - .
1 200 000
( 15).

, 10%
100%. ,
70,
250 000 .
, ,
.
: ,
, , , , , , ,
.
: , ( ), , ,
, , , , .

: , , , , , ,
.
, ,

.
,
.

78/232
3.2.2
, 2002

. 40,1% ( 9)

,

.

,
,
.
9:
, 2002 ( , 2009)

697.520 417.653 143.353 85.007 51.516

% 100.00 59.88 20.55 12.19 7.39

3.2.3

3.2.3.1


,
.

(
).
,

(, , ).
2008, 92%
,
,
. ( 14).

79/232
 Water supply in industry and mining

2.500.000

2.000.000 springs
all water courses
1000 m3

1.500.000 reservoirs

1.000.000 lakes
public water supply
500.000 other
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Year

14:
(2000-2008) ( , 2009)

3.2.3.2

(,
). 2000-2008 , ,
( 99%) .
2008 , 1 906 .3
, 1 859 .3 11
.3 . ( 10).

10: ( 1000 3)
( , 2009)

2000 2.018.772 2.015.861 206 2.286 116 0 535

2001 1.645.595 1.626.993 15.024 3.391 166 0 353

2002 1.554.614 1.552.174 566 1.889 82 67 0

2003 2.350.453 2.338.222 10.398 38.226 36.658 210 55

2004 3.669.675 3.534.037 132.891 2.421 50 278 98

80/232





-

2005 1.622.325 1.609.866 12.459 0 0 0 0

2006 1.599.739 1.593.879 5.791 - - 68 38

2007 2.960.540 2.854.975 97.095 8.572 1.210 1.078 30

2008 1.906.480 1.859.781 11.358 5.470 1.347 14.555 30.998

3.2.4

.

.
,
.

667 000 . ,
400 000 , 60%
.
106 163 693
, 49,9%
.
126 000 .
1958 1980,
40 .
61% , 39%
.

126 617
(
,
).

11.
11:
(, 2005 )

81/232

. (ha) (3/)

1. 99.918 731.732.000

2. 18.432 117.941.000

3. 8.267 49.662.000

126.617 899.335.000

3.2.5

, ,
,
.
,
. ,

(
, ).



( 2001/77/EC
27 2001

, 2001/10/27
: L 283/33). ,
2001 ,
.
12

.
26,6% .
12: (
2008-2020
2030)

[GWh] [GWh] [GWh]

6.660 4.559,3 1.150,0

2.203 964,9 583,0

82/232
 8.863 5.524,2 1.471,7

()
() ( 16):

. :

,
,
,.

, .

,

. .

. :
(), (
) ().
, ,
,
.
,
,

.

, ,
:
(), () (
). ,

.

83/232
3.2.6

, ,
,
,
.

.
-
.

-
--
.
-


( " -
", 1993).

3.2.7

, ,
.
, :

: Anguilla anguilla, Alburnus alburnus, Salmo letnica.

.
, 220-240
, 50% . ,
( 100 ).
140
35 .

84/232
 : Alburnus belvica and Cyprinus carpio.
100 .
: Alburnus alburnus, Cyprinus carpio, Perca fluviatilis,
Rutilus rutilus, and Scardinius erithrophthalmus. ,
98% .
500 ,
70-90 /.
Carassius Carassius, P.fluviatilis C. carpio
.
, .
200 /
R. rutilus, , ,
, , .
,
,
: Barbus barbus (Barbel), B. meridionalis (Mediterranean barbel),
Chondrostoma nasus (Nase), Gobio gobio (Gudgeon), Leuciscus cephalus
(Chub), L. delineatus (Moderlieschen), Silurus glanis (European catfish),
Salmo trutta (Brown trout), and Vimba melanops (Balkan vimba).

.

( ,
).
(
, ) ,
800-1,200
, , (, 2003).

3.2.8

- 2010 ,
, 1,6%.
- 2010 ,
, 4,5%
( , 2010).

.

,
. ERWRM,

85/232

. 0,280
3// 0,400 3// .

, 80% .
, ,
.
, 120-270 ,
, ,
365 .

, 13.

4: (ERWRM, 1998)

.
3/
1 1.632.800
2 129.600
3 3.244.200
4 5.006.600

3.2.9

.

,
- , -,
- - .
.

62 .

.

.
,
.

86/232
 ,

.
,
.

3.2.10

- .

, , ,
,
.

3.2.10.1 -

3.2.10.1.1

.
, ,
2002
2.022.547 . 2009 2.114.550 .

(50,2% 49,8% ).

. 2002 , 57,8%
(
34 ),
(20,5%). ( 1.
728) (141)
(
), .

3.2.10.1.2

,
2010 ILO-International Labour Organisation
925.613 , 615.962
66,5 % 309.651 33,5 %
.
2010 ,
, 0,4%.
2009 ,

87/232
 2,9%. 56,3,
37,5,
33,5.

3.2.10.1.3

- ()

-
, ,
,
( ) ( 15).

GDP at market prices in current prices

GDP AT MARKET PRICES IN CURRENT PRICES

7.000
6.000
5.000
m illion EUR

4.000 GDP at market prices in

3.000 current prices

2.000
1.000
0
97

98

99

00

01

02

03

04

05

06

07
19

19

19

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

Year

15: ( )
( , 2009)

3.2.10.1.4 ( )

- , ,

.
SNA 93 ESA95.
. 2003 2007
,
( 16).

88/232
 Value added (at basic prices) by sector

100%
90%
80%
70% Services
60%
% GDP

Energy production
50%
Industry
40%
30% Agriculture
20%
10%
0%
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year

16: (
, 2009)

3.2.10.2

()
. ,
.

3.2.10.2.1

,
.
() ,
,
( ) (
) .
.
,
(Defra, 2008).
5


.

,

89/232


" ".
212. :

,

;


,

,
, ,
,
, ,
, .
.

.

. ,
, .:
3 35
;
, .
50%
(
). ,
25%.


( , .68, 5 2004 ).
, (
)

(2004),
. ,

().

90/232

-
.


, .

. , ,
,

.
,
.
.
.
1999 9,40/3 (0,15 EUR/m3)1.

. 1 3, 22%
.
" ",
, , ,
.
.
,
.
27,07 /3 (0,45
EUR/m3) 39,89 /3 (0,66 EUR/m3)
.
For the remaining cities, average price is 11,73 MKD/m3 (0,19 EUR/m3 )
for the households and 24,25 MKD/m3 (0,40 EUR/m3 ) for the industry.
, 11,73 /3 (0,19 EUR
/m3) 24,25 /3 (0,40 EUR/m3)) .
19,40 /3 (0,32 EUR/m3)
32,07 /3 (0,53 EUR/m3) .
(
),
. 33%
78% .
55%.

1

1.1.2011 (1 = 0.016257 ).

91/232


.
.


.
.

,
.
4,97 /3 (0,08 /3) 1999 .

,
.

3.2.10.2.2

, ,
,
,
.
( 164),
:
1)
;
2) ;
3) ;
4) ;
5) , ;
6)
7) .

,
(
), .


. ,
,
,

92/232
.
: ,
, .

.
,
, , ,
, .

93/232
3.3


(, ,
)
.
,

. , ,
.

3.3.1
,

. ,

.
(
, , )
.
.

.
, , ,
, ,
,
. 1938 ,
1950- 1960- ,
23 ( 14, 18).
1,85 3 ( 14)
1.11 3. (17)
.. 4 .
2 ..

. .
14:
(, 2010)

94/232


106 m3)

26

127

2,8

0,5

28

11

47

475

90

- -

375

520

58

48

27

,
,

95/232
 ,
3.6.1.4.
:
,
, ,
,
.
, ,
,
,.
120 ,
,
,
.
28 ,
10.000-1 3.


, , , ,
.

3.3.2

.
. 102.000

( 15).
(
), ,
, , .

(, 2005 ).
-
, , ,
.

15:
()

Q5% Q1%
73.000 87.000

96/232
 5.000 6.000

8.000 9.000

86.000 102.000

3.3.2.1

, ,
,
.
,
.

16.
16:

- smaller tributaries have large sediment-carrying capacity and

sediment transport;

- high waters of river Radika causing damage at road Gostivar-

Debar;
- unstable channel of river Crn Drim downstream accumulation Spilje
and
- required permanent channel and vegetation maintenance,
sediment extraction and local bank reinforcement.
- regulated rivers Crn Drim and lower run of Sateska River;
- small rivers with outflows into Ohrid Lake has intermittent
-

character;

- high waters endanger local floods at Strusko pole;

- required permanent channel maintenance;
- due to gravel extraction at rivers Crna Drim and Sateska
rehabilitation projects are needed;

- rivers have large sediment-carrying capacity and erosion activity;

- Golema River at Prespansko pole is flooding at high waters and
- floods occur also because of channel fulfilment with sediments.

- variable cross-sections and exposure to erosion and

- settlements exposed to floods: Gostivar, Tetovo, Sarakinci and

settlements at foothills of Sara Gora.

97/232


- settlements exposed to floods: Makedonski Brod, some settlements

in Kicevo valley;
- rivers with natural vegetation and
- some sections filled with sediments (extraction needed) .
- river Vardar extensively regulated;
- in Skopje and downstream from Skopje channel deepening and
bank erosion is evident;
- except regulated river profiles, too narrow channels;

- settlements exposed to floods: Kondovo, Dolno Lisice, Taor and

settlements downstream of Zelenikove;
- Lepenec River degraded in Skopska valley due to gravel extraction;
- bank erosion evident at tributaries Markova and Kadina, cutting of
vegetation is needed and
- settlements exposed to floods: Saraj, . Petrov, Skopje, Dolno
Lisice, Petrovec and some other settlements in Skopska valley.

- maintained channel of Crna Reka;

- extensively degraded channel of river Semica due to gravel

extraction and
- settlements exposed to floods: Bitola, Prilep, Bucin.

- tributaries with large sediment transport;

- necessity for maintenance to preserve accumulations fulfilment

with sediments and
- settlements exposed to floods: Vozarci and Rosoman.

- flood occurs in Valeska valley, in settlement Veles and also

downstream in Papeliska valley, in settlement Demir Kapija;

- less significant flooding of rivers Babuna, Negotinska Reka and

Luda Mara;
- tributaries with high sediment transport;
- natural riparian vegetation of Vardar River, several sections
exposed to bank erosion (Valesko, Gradsko and Demir Kapija);
- large delta of Boshava Reka at outflow to Vardar River necessity
of maintenance and cutting of riparian vegetation;
- settlements exposed to flood: Veles, Basino Selo, Negotino,
Kavadarci, Gradsko, Krivolak, Pepeliste, Demir Kapija;
- intermittent tributaries, rich with sediment;
- natural riparian vegetation along Vardar River;

- some sections along Vardar River exposed to erosion (endangered

roads);
- degraded Vardars channel due to gravel extraction in the nearness
of Gevgeija;
- high Vardars water causing floods in agricultural areas;
- channel maintenance is needed and
- settlements exposed to floods: Gevgelija, Bogdanci in Udovo.

98/232


- settlements exposed to floods: Kumanovo and less significant Kriva

Palanka and settlements at Slavisko Pole;

- rivers degraded due to gravel extraction in settlements Zgornje

Konjare and Spodnje Konjare;
- banks naturally vegetated with riparian vegetation and
- settlements exposed to floods are also Proevci, Dobrosane,
Klecovce, Dovezence.
- rivers vegetated with riparian vegetation, characteristic large

sediment transport;

- sediments accumulation in Kalimanci accumulation;

- floods present in Delcevska valley, settlement exposed to floods is

Delcevo and
- necessity of maintenance of Brgalnica River.
- very narrow channel of Bregalnica River in Kocanska valley; small
conveyance;

- usually urbanised riparian zone;

- not problematic floods on agriculture area due to rice filds;

- evident erosion downstream from and
- settlements exposed to floods: Istibanja, Vinica, Grdovci, Mojanci,
,,
..

- -

3.3.2.2

, 1895
1897. ,
, 1935
1950-. ,
" ". 1950- 1960-
.
,
, , , ( .).

, , . 32,7
, 82,3 , 79,3

99/232
 10,9 ( 17).

,
100 3.
17:
(
, 2005 )

(km)

18,7

1,5

. 10,0

1,0

. 1,0

0,5

58,1

10,7

12,2

1,3

34,5

9,05

10,3

20,5

4,9

10,9

/ .

.

, , .

100/232
3.3.3

.
:
, ,
, .
, , "
".

150.000 3.
( 19),
5 -
I V-
( 18). 96,5%
- 9,405 2 38%
(I - III) ( 19).

17x106 3/ 685 3/2.., 7,5 x106
3/ 303 3/2.. .
, 3x106 3/.
,
(
, 2004).

18:
z
I 1,01-1,5
II 0,71-1,0
III 0,41-0,7
IV 0,2-0,4
V 0,01-0,19

19:

(%)
(2)
I 687,96 2,77
II 1.823,41 7,38

III 6.893,25 27,78

IV 7.936,08 31,98

101/232
 V 7.463,48 30,09

(66,46%), (60,90%) (59,45%)
( 20, 17 ).

20:

I-III (2) IV-V (2)

328,24 810,11 IV

(28,83 %) (71,17 %) (z=0,38)

339,52 587,24 IV
-
(36,63 %) (63,37 %) (z = 0,24)
175,61 395,39 IV

(30,75 %) (69,25 %) (z = 0,33)

623,74 837,46 IV

(42,69 %) (57,31 %) (z=0,38)

485,91 1.124,49 IV

(30,17 %) (69,83 %) (z=0,33)

666,91 1.273,93 III

(34,36 %) (65,64 %) (z=0,43)

743,69 2.325,67 IV

(24,23 %) (75,77 %) (z = 0,28)

1.166,54 748,82 IV

(60,90 %) (39,10 %) (z = 0,37)
966,84 1.589,72 III

(37,82 %) (62,18 %) (z = 0,41)
411,42 863,44 III

(32,27 %) (67,73 %) (z=0,42)
1.410,08 962,99 III

(59,45 %) (40,55 %) (z=0,58)

754,61 380,69 III

(66,46 %) (33,54 %) (z=0,58)
871,08 2.337,35 IV

(27,15 %) (72,85 %) (z = 0,28)
381,00 1.139 (74,94 IV

(25,06 %) %) (z = 0,31)

102/232
 IV
/ /
(z = 0,31)
*

2500

2000
Area(km 2 )

1500

1000

500
CategoryIIII
0
CategoryIVV

Watermanagementdivision

17:

, (72,1%)
-
.
(69,6%), (62,8%) (59,3%) ( 21).
.

3.000.000 3 ( 22).
.

21:





(3/) (m3/year) (%)
810.058 563.819 69,6
- 504.869 364.207 72,1
260.356 163.536* 62,8
1.020.042 604.885 59,3

103/232




(3/) (m3/year) (%)
742.143 326.543 44,0
1.244.078 597.779 48,0
1.169.231 350.769 30,0
211.668 107.961 51,0
1.951.365 1.056.750 54,2
1.916.000 353.136 18,4
2.285.278 845.553 37,0
1.101.923 418.731 * 38,0
981.056 167.666 17,1
521.906 213.981 41,0
28.984 11.038* 38,1

22:

/ (106
3) (3/)
/ 3,55 412.643
/ 26,0 36.147
/ 2,25 3.570
./ 8,0 19.010
/ 10,5 29.849
/ 127,0 418.731
/ 2,4 21.609
/ 0,5 1.113
/ 47 27.752
/ 90 49.845
/ 475 1.019.341
/ 6,0 2.301
/ 4,0 26.543
/ 27,0 16.797
/ 48,0 62.273
/ 58,0 102.629
/ 520,0 563.154
/ 357,0 9.119
1812,2 2.822.426

104/232

,
, ,
, ,
,
. ,
,
,
( ).

3.3.4

,
.
667
. 400.000
, 60
.
.
160
163.692 , 40,9
.

( )
,
, , ,
,
( )
. ,
, .

( , 2005a):

;
;
;
;
;
;



.

105/232
 ,
, 77%
126,000 ( 23, 14). , 61%
39%
.
900 3, 25%

(
).
.
23: (,
2010)

(ha) (103m3)

, , 8.002 52.277

13.350 91.928

, , , 1.428 10.449

, , 1.334 7.258

,,, 25.758 235.086

,,, 4.390 39.868

, , , 18.432 117.941

, , 1.445 7.974

12.360 87.994

, , 24.734 144.252

, , 6.858 52.724

, 250 1.922

- , , , 4.010 26.236

622 4.073

3.635 19.353

106/232
3.3.5

82.195 .
1930-
1960- .
( '')- ,
, ,
, , .
24.

24:

- 6.600 ha
- .
- ( 30.000

ha) (24.150 ha);

- ; .
( )

- .

- -
. (6.000 ha)
- ..
- .

(1.800 ha) .

,
.
, .

.
(50-80%), (30-50%)
(30-40%).

, ,
(, 2005 ).

107/232
3.4

,
- (
, 2005; 2005 ; , 2003, ,
2008), ,
.

3.4.1

:
- ;
- ;
- ;
-
- .
:
-
- .


, .

3.4.1.1

3.4.1.1.1

- ( )

,

. 12
.

108/232
 (56%) (18%). ,

,
. "
", 280,6
1.239,1 .

2002, 697,529
, 417,653 60% ,
143,353 21% 85,007 12%
.
,
. 180.000 ,
, .

.
,
.

, ,
.

" " ,
.
44 .
,
12 .
.

.

, ,
.

,
.

. .

. , ,
,

109/232
 .
.
,
.

.
- (
)

( 12).

,
. ,

.- .

120.000 ..,
5000 ..
,
.

. .
,
.

,
, ,
( 18).
,
.

110/232
 POPULATION WITH AND WITHOUT PUBLIC SEWERAGE
POPULATION WITH AND WITHOUT PUBLIC SEWAGE
100%

80% Population of which with

independent treatment
No public sewerage or
60%
independent sewer- age
SHARE
[% of pop.] Public sewerage without
40% treatment
Other sewage treatment

20% Biological treatment

Mechanical treatment only

0%
1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006
YEAR

18:
1990-2006
(, 2008)

,

.

.



( 19)
2 ( 19).

111/232
 WASTE WATER QUANTITIES
140.000.000
W A S TE W A TER [ m 3 /y e a r]

120.000.000

100.000.000

80.000.000
Waste water
60.000.000 ERWRM*
[m3/year]
40.000.000
Waste water
20.000.000 NEAP 2**
0
[m3/year]

S t ru m ic a
(1 .0 6 6 .5 3 3

(5 1 .5 3 4

R iv e r C rn
(8 1 .9 0 1
p o p .)
R iv e r

p o p .)
D rim
V a rd a r
p o p .)
R iv e r

RIVER BASIN

19: ERWRM 2.

* ERWRM,
1994 .
**NEAP 2,
2002 .

,
. (.
, . 4/98, 150),
,
,
,
.

(
) .


.
:
, ,
,
,
.

112/232
 113/232
 20
, .

WASTE WATER POLLUTION LOAD

75.000
70.000
65.000
60.000
POLLUTION LOAD [t/year]

55.000
50.000 BOD5 [t/year]
45.000 N-tot [t/year]
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216/232
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I
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III

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 I
1:

223/232
 2:

224/232
 3:

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 4:

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 16:

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 17:

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 18:

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 19:

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 20:

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 21:

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 22:

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 23:

245/232
 II
II-1:
6:

246/232
 II-2:
7:

1)

4209'N/2201
'E 75 2003
- 4120'N/2226'E 50 2003
4137'N/2042'E 10.650 1997
4100'N/2100'E 2080 1996

4059'N/2052'E 22.750 1958
4140'N/2046'E 73.088 1949
4057'N/2114'E 12.500 1948

4204'N/221 1
'E 10 1967
4200'N/2126'E 0,67 1987
- 100 1996
4159'N/2250'E 75 1986
4103'N/2047'E 26 1991
4110'N/2225'E 5 1987
4135'N/2129'E - 1953
4114'N/2035'E - 1999
4158'N/2133'E 3,3 1965
4112'N/2244'E 2.730 1977
4125'N/2202'E 17 1960
4124'N/2216'E 200 1960
4114'N/2205'E 70 1990
4124'N/2133'E 2.300 1965
4157'N/2118'E 5.443 1994
4103'N/2047'E 23.000 1958
4057'N/2103'E 17.680 1977
4122'N/2248'E - 1985
4203'N/2148'E 2 -
4142'N/2138'E 97 1983
4140'N/2117'E 4.180 2002
,
- -
1970
, - - 1997
41 34'N/2113'E

- 2004
,., - -
1986

-, - - 1967

247/232
 ,

1)

,. 41 56'N/22 23'E - 1983

-
,., 4057'N/2047'E 1967
, 4124'N/2215'E - 1963
, 4201 -
1962
'N/2214'E
- 250 -
4132'N/2208'E - 2003
4129'N/2223'E 0,66 1986
4111'N/2211'E 52 1988
() 4110'N/2050'E - 1979
4151'N/2225'E 0,5 1986
., 4108'N/2139'E - 1961
4142'N/2259'E 10 1987
4109'N/2157'E - 2002
4116'N/2039'E 1 1964
4142'N/2055'E 2 1968
4159'N/2058'E - 1986
- - 2002
41 54'N/2142'E

5.442 1991

1)

: (
, 2009)

248/232
 II-3:

8:

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(h106m3)

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karst 0,5

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251/232
 252/232
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259/232