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On Error Sums For Square Roots of Positive Integers With Applications To Lucas and Pell Numbers
On Error Sums For Square Roots of Positive Integers With Applications To Lucas and Pell Numbers
Carsten Elsner
Let
Ppm /qm denote the convergents of a real number . An error sum is a series of the form
m=0 f (qm pm ), where f denotes a real function defined on the interval [0, 1]. In this
paper we mainly consider the error sums
X
X
E( D) = |qm D pm | and E ( D) = (qm D pm ) ,
m=0 m=0
1 2 2
where D 6= 1 , 2 , 3 , . . . isa positive integer. We express these sums in terms of a finite
number
of convergents of D. These identities imply among other things that E( D) +
E ( D) Q. In particular, for D = 5 and D = 2 we obtain the formulas
5 X 1 X
= L6m+2 + L6m+4 5 5L6m+3 , = P2m+1 2 P2m P2m+1 ,
2 m=0 2 m=0
where Ln and Pn are the Lucas and Pell numbers, respectively.