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EC-Lec03-BJT Transistor PDF
EC-Lec03-BJT Transistor PDF
EC-Lec03-BJT Transistor PDF
BJT Transistor
Dang Nguyen Chau Click to edit Master subtitle style
Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology
Email: chaudn@hcmut.edu.vn
What is a Transistor?
Websters Dictionary: Transistor is a solid-state electronic device that is
used to control the flow of electricity in electronic equipment and consists
of a small block of a semiconductor with at least three electrodes.
"The Transistor was probably the most important invention of the 20th
Century, and the story behind the invention is one of clashing egos and top
secret research." Ira Flatow, Transistorized!
1971 T. Hoff invents the First microprocessor Intel 4004, with 2300
transistors. Busicom introduces the first single-chip, pocket-size calculator,
the LE-120A "HANDY," which uses a MOSTEK MK6010 integrated
circuit.
1972 Dr. John Bardeen wins 2nd Nobel Prize for work in
Superconductivity. Intels first microprocessor, powered the Busicom
calculator and paved the way for the personal computer.
1981 First Space Shuttle launch. The Intels 8088 microprocessor was
selected to power the IBM PC. IBM introduces the first personal computer
with an Intel 8088 processor serving as the brains behind the computer.
2006 The dual core Intel Itanium 2 processor launches with the worlds
most intricate product design to date, utilizing more than 1.72 billion
transistors.
BJT is a three-terminal device: Emitter (E), Collector (C), and Base (B).
The basic transistor principle is that the voltage between two terminals
controls the current through the third terminal.
I S AE qDn n p 0 / W
iC is independent of vCB
For modern npn transistors, is in the range 50 to 200, but it can be as high
as 1000 for special devices.
1 1
vBE /VT
The collector current: iC I S e I SC evBC /VT
VA
ro '
IC
'
I
where C : the value of the collector current with the Early effect neglected.
The DC bias circuit is to ensure the BJT in active mode with a proper
collector current IC.
vBE /VT
vCE VCC RC I C VCC RC I S e
Dept. of Telecomm. Eng.
Faculty of EEE 99
Obtaining a Voltage Amplifier
vBE /VT
vCE VCC RC I S e
Dept. of Telecomm. Eng.
Faculty of EEE 100
Bias the BJT
VBE /VT
VCE VCC RC I S e
Dept. of Telecomm. Eng.
Faculty of EEE 101
The Small-Signal Voltage Gain
QA
QB
VBE /VT
VCE VCC RC I S e
Dept. of Telecomm. Eng.
Faculty of EEE 103
Max swing condition
DCLL:
VCE VCC RC I S eVBE /VT
ACLL:
vce RC ic
iC
iB
vce
Av g m RC
vbe
Rin : input resistance, represents the loading effect of the amplifier input
on the signal source.
Rout : output resistance, seen looking back into the amplifier output
terminal with the input signal set to zero.
Rin r
vo g m v RC / / ro
Av g m RC / / RL / / ro
vo r
Gv g m RC / / RL / / ro
vsig r Rsig
Av g m RC / / RL / / ro
RC / / RL / / ro
re
total resistance in collector 1 => Voltage gain is
total resistance in emitter simply stated as a
resistance ratio
Overall voltage gain
Gv
r
g m RC / / RL / / ro
RC / / RL / / ro
r Rsig Rsig r
total resistance in collector
total resistance in base
Rin 1 re Re
Av
RC / / RL / / ro
re Re
Gv
vo
RC / / RL / / ro
vsig 1 re Re Rsig
Rin re
RC / / RL
Av g m RC / / RL Gv
Rsig re
Dept. of Telecomm. Eng.
Faculty of EEE 138
Common-Base (CB) amplifier
We can make some observations:
The input resistance is low Rin re
RL
Av
RL re
Gv
1 RL
Rin 1 re RL
1 RL 1 re Rsig
Dept. of Telecomm. Eng.
Faculty of EEE 140
Common-Base (CB) amplifier
We can make some observation:
The CB configuration is useful in connecting a low-resistance load to
a high-resistance source, that is, to implement a buffer amplifier.
The overall gain, though lower than one, can be close to one.
The output of one stage is connected to the input of the next stage via a
capacitor.
The first stage is a common-emitter amplifier that is designed to offer a high
input resistance Ri. The emitter follower in the third stage satisfies the
requirement of a low output resistance Ro
Dept. of Telecomm. Eng.
Faculty of EEE 147
Cascade
The output of one stage is directly connected to the input of the next stage