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[ASSIGNMENT]
Assignment
Problem 1.Let (X,Y) be two random variables, whose joint density function is defined by
(, ) = > , >
Otherwise
Answer:
x() = x,y(, )
0
=0 -x-y dy
Similarly
y() = x,y(, )
0
=0 -x-y dx
= x(). y()
Problem 2: Let X and Y be two independent wide-sense stationary process with means of mx
and my, respectively. Their autocorrelation functions are expressed by Rx() and RY(),
respectively. Let V=X(1-Y).
a) Is V is a wide-sense stationary?
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Assignment
Answer:
a. A wide sense stationary process is one if its mean value remains same with time and the auto
correlation function of the process is dependent on the time difference between samples.
So considering a process x(t) according to the definition of the wide sense stationary process
mx(t)=mx and Rx(t+,t)= Rx() where mx is the mean of process x(t) and Rx is the auto correlation
function.
Now given are two process X(t) and Y(t) which are wide sense stationary. Thus it holds true for both
process that mx(t)=mx and Rx(t+,t)= Rx() and my(t)=my and Ry(t+,t)= Ry().
It is also said that both X(t) and Y(t) are independent process, thus it turns out that
E[V(t)]= E[X(t)]-E[X(t)Y(t)]=x-x*y
Since X(t) and Y(t) are wide sense stationary on substitution we get
Rv(t, )= Rv()
b. Now to prove that V(t) and X(t) are jointly Wide sense stationary it is as follows:
On calculation we get that
Rvx(t, )= E[ W(t)X(t+ )]
Hence both V(t) and X(t) are jointly wide sense stationary.
Problem 3: A DSB-modulated signal u(t) = A m(t) cos(2fct) is mixed (multiplied) with a local
carrier xL(t) = cos(2fct+) and the output is passed through a low-pass filter (LPF) with
bandwidth equal to the bandwidth of the message signal m(t). Denote the power of the signal at
the output of the LPF by Pout and the power of the modulated signal by PU. Plot the ratio Pout
/PU as a function of , for 0 .
2
Assignment
Answer :
y(t)=Am(t)cos(2fct)cos(2fct + )
Now the lowpass filter cut offs the frequiencies above W where W is defiend as the bandwidth of
signal m(t).
PU = A2/ 2 PM.
3
Assignment
((t)=2fct+(t)) in the form of power series and restricting to the maximum value of 0.5
radian, show that:
Note: For small x, the below power series is approximately given by:
Answer:
4
Assignment
X(t)=
It is similar to an AM signal, except that the lower side frequency has negative sign.
X(t)=
X(t)= Re
( t) expj2 fct
() =
and
(): periodic function with fm
()=
The ratios of the maximum and minimum values of the envelope are:
Max/min=fc+fm/(fc-fm)
Ac cos(2fct)+2/2 Ac sin(2fct)sin(2fmt)
5
Assignment
=Pc[1+( 2/2)]
By definition
Now since
By using definition
Thus =
6
Assignment
for sinusoidal phase modulation
Answer:
Band with fro any signal is given as= 2*Fm where Fm is the frequency of the signal
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Assignment
We know that = 2 Fm
thus 2*Fm=250/
Bandwith B= 2B(+1)
Where =400
= 2* 250/(400+1)
= 500/(500)
B= 25000/
FM= Ac Cos [2fct+ 2Kf0 () dt
2Kf0 () dt= 400 sin250 t
0 ()= 400 sin 250 t/ 2Kf
c. When considering PM
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Assignment