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Physicsf4chapter2 120116002924 Phpapp02 PDF
Physicsf4chapter2 120116002924 Phpapp02 PDF
Physicsf4chapter2 120116002924 Phpapp02 PDF
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acceleration
is positive The velocity of an object increases from an initial
velocity, u, to a higher final velocity, v
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1. Constant = uniform
2. increasing velocity = acceleration
3. decreasing velocity = deceleration
4. zero velocity = object at stationary / at rest
5. negative velocity = object moves at opposite
direction
6. zero acceleration = constant velocity
7. negative acceleration = deceleration
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Example 1 Example 2
Every day Rahim walks from his Every morning Amirul walks to
house to the junction which is 1.5 Ahmads house which is situated
km from his house. Then he turns 80 m to the east of Amiruls house.
back and stops at warung Pak Din They then walk towards their
which is 0.5 km from his house. school which is 60 m to the south
of Ahmads house.
(a) What is the distance traveled
by Amirul and his
displacement from his
house?
Example 3
Syafiq running in a race covers 60 m in 12 s.
(a) What is his speed in m/s
(b) If he takes 40 s to complete the race, what is his distance covered?
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Example 4
An aeroplane flys towards the
north with a velocity 300 km/hr in
one hour. Then, the plane
moves to the east with the
velocity 400 km / hr in one hour.
Example 5
The speedometer reading for a
car traveling north shows 80
km/hr. Another car traveling at
80 km/hr towards south. Is the
speed of both cars same? Is the
velocity of both cars same?
A ticker timer
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FORMULA
VELOCITY Time, t = 10 dots x 0.02 s
= 0.2 s
displacement, s = x cm
velocity = s = x cm
t 0.2 s
Constant velocity
fast moving
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Example 6
The diagram above shows a ticker tape
chart for a moving trolley. The frequency
of the ticker-timer used is 50 Hz. Each
section has 10 dots-spacing.
(a) What is the time between two dots.
(b) What is the time for one strips.
(c) What is the initial velocity
(d) What is the final velocity.
(e) What is the time interval to change
from initial velocity to final velocity?
(f) What is the acceleration of the
object.
u = initial velocity
v = final velocity
t = time taken
s = displacement
a = constant accleration
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Negative
velocity
Constant
velocity
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Constant
deceleration
Example 6 Example 7
Contoh 11
2.3 INERTIA
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2.4 MOMENTUM
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Explosion
Before explosion both object stick
together and at rest. After collision,
both object move at opposite direction.
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Example Example
Example Example
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2.5 FORCE
Effect :
the object at is at rest [
velocity = 0]
or moves at constant
velocity [ a = 0]
Relationship aF
between a & F The acceleration, a, is directly
proportional to the applied force, F.
Relationship a
1
between a and m
m The acceleration of an object is
inversely proportional to the mass,
Both men are pushing the Both men exerted the same
same mass but man A strength. But man B moves
puts greater effort. So he faster than man A.
moves faster.
Inference The acceleration The acceleration produced
produced by an object by an object depends on
depends on the net force the mass
applied to it.
Variables:
Manipulated : Force Mass
Responding : Acceleration Acceleration
Constant : Mass Force
Recording
data
Analysing
data
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Example 1
A 60 kg resident jumps from the first
floor of a burning house. His
velocity just before landing on the
ground is 6 ms-1.
(a) Calculate the impulse when his
legs hit the ground.
(b) What is the impulsive force on
the residents legs if he bends
upon landing and takes 0.5 s to
stop?
(c) What is the impulsive force on
the residents legs if he does not
bend and stops in 0.05 s?
(d) What is the advantage of bending
his legs upon landing?
Example 2
Rooney kicks a ball with a force of
1500 N. The time of contact of his
boot with the ball is 0.01 s. What is
the impulse delivered to the ball? If
the mass of the ball is 0.5 kg, what is
the velocity of the ball?
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Component Function
Headrest To reduce the inertia effect of the drivers head.
Air bag Absorbing impact by increasing the amount of time the
drivers head to come to the steering. So that the
impulsive force can be reduce
Windscreen The protect the driver
Crumple Can be compressed during accident. So it can increase
zone the amount of time the car takes to come to a complete
stop. So it can reduce the impulsive force.
Front Absorb the shock from the accident. Made from steel,
bumper aluminium, plastic or rubber.
ABS Enables drivers to quickly stop the car without causing
the brakes to lock.
Side impact Can be compressed during accident. So it can increase
bar the amount of time the car takes to come to a complete
stop. So it can reduce the impulsive force.
Seat belt To reduce the inertia effect by avoiding the driver from
thrown forward.
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2.8 GRAVITY
Gravitational Objects fall because they are pulled towards the Earth
Force by the force of gravity.
Both the
coin and the At vacuum state: At normal state:
feather are There is no air resistance. Both coin and feather will
released The coin and the feather fall because of gravitational
simulta- will fall freely. force.
neously from Only gravitational force Air resistance effected by
the same acted on the objects. the surface area of a fallen
height. Both will fall at the same object.
time. The feather that has large
area will have more air
resistance.
The coin will fall at first.
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Example 1
A coconut takes 2.0 s to fall to the
ground. What is
(a) its speed when it strikes the
ground
(b) the height of the coconut tree.
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Addition of Forces
Resultant force, F = ____ + ____
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STEP 2
Complete the parallelogram
scale: 1 cm =
(d) (e)
Lift
Stationary Lift Lift accelerate upward Lift accelerate
downward
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Pulley
1. Find the
resultant force, F
2. Find the
moving mass,m
3. Find the
acceleration,a
4. Find string
tension, T
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Calculation of Work
The displacement , s of the
The displacement, s of the object is in the object is not in the
direction of the force, F direction of the force, F
W = Fs s F
W = (F cos ) s
W=Fs
Example 1 Example 2 Example 3
A boy pushing his bicycle A girl is lifting up a 3 kg A man is pulling a crate of fish
with a force of 25 N flower pot steadily to a along the floor with a force of
through a distance of 3 m. height of 0.4 m. 40 N through a distance of 6 m.
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Potential m = mass
Energy Gravitational potential energy h = height
is the energy of an object due g = gravitational
to its higher position in the acceleration
gravitational field.
E = mgh
E = mv2
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Example 4 Example 5
A worker is pulling a wooden block of A student of mass m is climbing up a
weight,W,with a force of P along a flight of stairs which has the height of h.
fritionless plank at height of h. The He takes t seconds..
distance traveled by the block is x.
Calculate the work done by the worker to
pull the block.
Example 6 Example 7
A stone is thrown upward with initial
-1
velocity of 20 ms . What is the maximum
height which can be reached by the
stone?
Example 8 Example 9
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Example 10
A boy of mass 20 kg sits at the top of a
concrete slide of height 2.5 m. When he
slides down the slope, he does work to
overcome friction of 140 J. What is his
velocity at the end of the slope?
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2.12 ELASTICITY
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F = kx
The same load is applied to each The load is shared equally among the
spring. springs.
Tension in each spring = W Tension in each spring =
W
Extension of each spring = x 2
Total extension = 2x Extension of each spring =
x
If n springs are used: 2
The total extension = nx If n springs are used:
x
The total extension =
n
Example 1
The original length of
each spring is 10 cm.
With a load of 10 g, the
extension of each
spring is 2 cm.
What is the length of the
spring system for (a),
(b) and (c)?
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SECTION A
QUESTION 1
Figure 1.1 shows a car moving along a straight line but hilly road.
Figure 1.1
Figure 1.2 shows how the velocity of the car
varies with time as it travels from A to E. The car
travels at 60 kmh-1 from A to B for two minutes.
Figure 1.2
(a) Describe the acceleration of the car as it
travels from A to E.
2
m
.
(b) Compare the resultant force as it travels
along AB and CD.
1
m
(c) Give a reason to your answer in (b)
1
m
(d) Calculate the distance AB
2
m
(e) The velocity of a car increases if the
force exerted on the accelerator of a car
increases. Explain why the velocity of the
car increases from D to E although the
force on the accelerator of the car is the
same as a long C to D.
2
m
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...
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(d)
(i) What is the value of the tr
the bus when it moves at
speed?
(ii)
Give a reason for the ans
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2m
(b) From the graph in Figure 3, explain the acceleration of the car from
point P to S.
2m
(c) (i) Compare the resultant force of the car when the move along PQ and
ST.
1m
..
(ii) State a reason for your answer in c(i)
1m
...
(d) Calculate the distance form point P to Q
2m
Figure 3(i)
Figure 3(ii)
Figure 3(i) shows a sky diver start to make a jump from an aircraft at a
certain height. Figure 3(ii) shows a velocity-time graph for the skydiver at
position S, T, U, V and W from the earth surface.
1m
(ii) Give a reason for your answer in (a)(i)
1m
(b) Calculate the acceleration of the diver at ST.
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2m
(c) Sketch an acceleration-time graph for the motion of the skydiver at
point S, T, U, V and W at the space below.
3m
(d) Suggest one way that can the skydiver apply to reduce injuries on his
leg during landing. Explain your answer.
...
.. 2m
Figure 4(i)
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1m
..
(ii) Explain your answer in (a)(i)
1m
...
(b) The bullet shot the object of mass 0.495kg.
2m
(ii) What is speed of the object after the bullet obscured into the
object after
the gunshot?
2m
(c) The object and the bullet that obscured in the object aloft at a
maximum height of H, as shown in Figure 4(ii).
Figure 4(ii)
(i) What is the value of kinetic energy of the object together with
the bullet
inside the object? 2m
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1m
(iii) In real situation it is possible to achieved maximum height, H.
Why?
Figure 5
(a) State the physics principle that is involved in the movement of the boat
as the man jumps onto the jetty.
1m
(b) Explain why the boat moves away from the jetty when the man jumps.
1m
(c) The mass of the man is 50 kg and he jumps at a velocity 2ms-1. The
mass of the boat is 20kg. Calculate the velocity of the boat as the man
jumps.
2m
(d) Name one application of the physics principle stated in (a) in an
exploration of outer space.
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