Figures and Tables for Heat Transfer 5.1 Thermal Conductivities of Some Building and Insulating Materials (Kem, pp795-798) 5.2 Thermal Conductivities, Specific Heats, Specific Gravities of Metals and Alloys (Kem, p799) 5.3 Dimensions of Steel Pipe (IPS), (Kem, Table 11, p 844) 5.4 Tubing Characteristics (Perry, Table 11-2) 5.5 Error Function 5.6 Plot of £,(4/1?) for Various Shapes (Kern, Fig 18.9) 5.7 Chart for Determining the Temperature History of Points on the Surfaces of Rectangular Shapes, fy, (Kem, Fig 18.10) 5.8 Chart for Determining the Temperature History of Points at the Centers of Rectangular Shapes, fy, (Kem, Fig 18.11) 5.9 Gumey-Lurie Chart for Slab (Kern, Fig 18.12) 5.10 Gumey-Lurie Chart for Cylinders (Kern, Fig 18.13) 3.11 Gumey-Lurie Chart for Spheres (Kem, Fig 18.14) 5.12 Gumey-Lurie Chart for Semi-infinite Solid (Kern, Fig 18.15) 5.13 Values of a, m, and b for Equation 10.32 and 10.34, (Perry Table 10-1) 5.14 Fouling Factors (Kern, Table 12, pp 845-846) 5.15 Condensing Coefficients. (Graphical Representation Solution of Eq. 12.42) (Kem, Fig 12.9) 5.16 Dukler Plot Showing Average Condensing Film Coefficient (Chopey, Fig 10.10) 5.17 hho versus Terminal Reynolds Number (Chopey) 5.18 Effect of Condensate Loading on Condensing Coefficient (Chopey, Table 08705799 16:06:17-3) 5.19 LMTD Correction Factors for Heat Exchangers (Perry, Figure 10-14) 5.20 Temperature Efficiency for Counterflow Exchangers (Chopey, Fig 7-14) 5.21 Temperature Efficiency for Heat Exchangers with One Shell Pass and Even Number of the Passes (Chopey, Fig 7-15) 5.22 Batch Processes (Table 5.10) 5.23 Boiling-point Rise of Aqueous Solutions (Perry, Fig. 11-23) 5.24 Evaporator Types. (Perry Fig 11-21) 08/05/99 16:06:APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 795 Taste 2, Terma, Conpucrnmrizs or Some Bumping axp IxstuaTine Maremiais* k = Btu/(hr) ft) (°F /ft) ‘Apparent density Material albse | oF k at room | temperature | Acrogel, sila, opacified 8.5 zis | 0.018 354 | 0.026 Asbestos-cement boards... 120 ss | 0.43 Asbestos sheets. . 35.5 | 12k 0.096 ‘Asbestos slate 112 32 | 0.087 n2 10 | 0.14 Asbestos. | 29.3 | -398 | 0.043 29.3 32 | 0.090 36 32 | 0.087, 36 m2} on 36 3¢ 0.120 36 32 | 0.199 43.5 | -328 | 0.090 43.5 32 | 0.735, Aluminum foil, 7 air spaces per 0.2 | 100 | 0.0% ; 351 | 0.038 Ashes, wood 1... | 3m22] 0.08 Asphalt...0.0.... 132 6 | 0.43 Boiler scale (ref. 364)... Bricks Alumina (92-999 Al-O; by weight) fused a sor | 1.8 Alumina (64-65% Al:O: by weight) 2309 | 2.7 (See also Bricks, fire clay) } us 172 | 0.62 115 202 | 0.63 Building brickwork......0....0+ : 6 | os Chrome brick (32% C+.0; by weight) 200 392 | 0.67 1202 | 0.85 : 2309 | 1.0 Diatomaceous earth, natural, across strata 7 399 | 0.051 7 1600 | 0.077 Diatomaceous, natural, parallel to strata 7 309 | 0.081 7 | 1600 | 0.106 Diatomaceous earth, molded and fired 309 | oe 1600 | 0.18 Diatomaceous earth and clay, molded and fired sof 42.3 300 | 014 42.3 1600 | 0.19 Diatomaccous earth, high burn, large pores fees 37 302 | 0.13 5 37 1sa2| 0.34796 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER Tans 2, TueawaL Conpvermvins or Soe Burupine axp Insviarine Marertais.*—(Continued) ‘Apparent density. Material py Ib it? G? k st room temperature Bricks: (Continued) / | Fire clay, Missouri | | 392 | 0.58 ' 112 | 0.85, | 1832 | 0.95 2352 | 1.02 Kaolin insulsting brick a 932 | 0.15 joa 2102 | 0.26 Kaolin insulating firebrick 9 392 | 0.050 19 asoo | 0.113 158 | 2.2 158 | 1.6 ; 338 | La Silicon carbide brick, recrystallized | 129 | 10.7 « 129 | 9.2 129 8.0 + 129 7.0 129 6.3 Calcium carbonate, natural i 162 | 1.3 White marble i LZ Chalk... 96 i 0.4 Caleium sulphate (18.0), srtifcisl... 84.6 108°] 0.92 Plaster, artificial | 132 167 | 0.43, Building 77.9 ne || 0825 Cambrie, varnished | 100 | 0.09 Carbon, gas......- ' 32-212 | 2.0 Cardboard, corrugated. | ses | 0.087 Celluloid, | 87.8 86 0.12 Charcoal flakes: : re) 176 0.043 1B | 376 | 0.051 Clinker, granular | 32-1202] 0.27 Coke, petroleum 3.4 | 2.9 Coke, powdered | ou Concrete, cinder: 0.20 4 dry... | 0.44 Stone. 0.54 Cotton wool 5 | 86 0.024 Cork board... 10 86 | 0.025 Cork, ground. 94 s6 | 0.025 8.1 86 | 0.026 RegrapulatedAPPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA Taste 2. Tarnwan Coxpvernmres or Sows Bumping anp Insuzarixe Mareniazs.*—(Continued) ‘Apparent density Material pie | OF k at rooma temperature Diatomaceous esrth powder, coarse 20.0 100 | 0.036 20.0 1600 | 0.082 Fine 7.2 399 | 0.030 17.2 1600 | 0.074 Molded pipe covering 28.0 399 | 0.051 26.0 1600 | 0.088 4 vol. caleined earth and 1 vol. cement, | poured and fired 61.8 302 | 0.16 61.8 1600 | 0.23 Dolomite. 167 122 | 1.0 Ebonite.. : 0.10 Enamel, silicate 38 0.5-0.75 Felt, wool... 20.6 s | 0.03 * Fiber insulating board 14.8 70 | 0.028 Fiber, red. 80.5 68 | 0.27 With binder, baked 68-207 | 0.097 Gas carbon. 2.0 Glass. . 0.2-0.78, Boro-silicate type 139 86-167 | 0.63 | 0.3-0.44 0.3-0.61 | 1.02.3 Graphite, dense, commercial 32 | 6.7 Powdered, through 100 mesh 30 104 | 0.104 , molded and dry. 78 6s) |p alas Hair, felt, perpendicular to fibers. v7 8 | 0.021 Tee 57.5 32] 13 Infusorial earth (see Diatomaceous earth). Kapok. 0.88 6 | 0.020 Lempblack 10 104 | 0.038 Lava : 0.49 Lesther, sole. 62.4 0.092 Limestone (15.8 vol % H.0) 103 75 | 0.84 Linen : ae wee 8 | 0.05 Magnesis, powdered. 49.7 nz | 0.35 Magnesia, light carbonate... 19 7 0.08 ‘Magnesium oxide, compressed. 49.9 6s | 0.32 Marble...... 1.21.7798 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER Tape 2, Turnwat Conpvcrnims or Sous Bumpixc anp INsuuariyg Marentats, (Continued) ‘Apparent ] density Material », Ibe °F k at room | | temperature | Mica, perpendicular to planes | | 122° | 0.95 Mill shavings i 0.033-0.05 Mineral wool ; 94 86 197 | 86 Paper. ! = i Paraffin wax 32 | 0 Petroleum coke | 1 22 | 3. | 932 2. Porcelain. 302 |, Portland cement (see Concrete: 1st | 0. Pumice stone | 70-151] 0 Pyroxylin plasties | 0 Rubber, hard TAS B20 Para / 7 | 0 Soft. ! 70 Jo.or: Sand 95.6 | 68 | 0 Sandstone 140 1 108 1 Sawdust I 12 a 0. Seale (ref. 36-4) | Sill... 63 0.026 Varnished : , 100 | 0,096 Slag, blast furnace 75-261 | 0.064 Slag wool. 12 86 | 0.022 Slate | 20 | 0.88 Snow. ee Sulpbur, monoclinic | 212 | 0.09-0.097 Rhombic. 70 | 0.36 Wallboard, insulating type 148 70 | 0.028 Wallboard, stiff pasteLonrd | 33 86 | 0.04 Wood shavings. (8.8 86 | 0.034 Wood, across grain i Balsa | 8 | 86. |0.025-0.08 Oak | 81.5 {| 98 0.12 Maple : ere) 22 oa Pine, white 34.0 sg | 0.087 Teak 40.0 39 | 0.10 White fir | 28.1 aso | 0.062 Wood, parallel to grain Pine _ | 70 | 0.20 Wool, animal 6.9 86} 0.021 + From L. S. Mar York, 1943, Engineers’ Handbook,” " MeGraw-Hill Book Company, Ine., NewAPPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 799 Taste 3, Taeanat Conpverrvires, Sreciric Heams, Sreciric Graviries oF ETALS AND ALLOYS Btu /(br) (ft*)(°F/ft) _» | Specific hest,t | Specific Substance e oo Aluminum nz 0.183 Aluminum ng 0.1824 Aluminum 155 0.1872 Antimony oe 0.0493, Antimony ie oan 0.0508 Bismuth, 47 0.0294 2.8 Bismuth 3.9 0.0304 Brass (70-30) 56 0.18153 8.48.7 Bress 60 0.14883 | Brass | 67 0.2015 | Copper 204 0.1487 8.8-8.95 Copper | 218 0.1712 Copper 207 0.2634 Cadmium 53.7 0.0550 8.65 Cadmium 52.2 0.0567 | Gold | 169.0 0.030 | 19.25-29.38 Gold | 170.8 0.031 Iron, cast | 32 0.1064 703-7 .18 Tron, east | 30 0.1178 Iron, cast 25 0.1519 iron, wrought 34.6 See Iron 7.6-7.9 Tron, wrought 27.6 | See Iron Lesd 20 0.0306 31.34 Lesd 19 0.0315 Leed 18 0.0335, Magnesium 92 0.255 1.74 Mercury 48 0.0329 13.6 Nickel 36 0.1050 8.9 Nickel 34 0.1170 Nickel 32 0.1408 Silver ] 242 | 0.0587 | 10.4-10.6 Silver : | 238 0.0571 Steel | 26 | See Iron 7.83 Steel | 26 | See Iron Steél a See Iron Tantalum 32 | 0.0342 16.6 Zine 65 | (0.0917 6.9-7.2 Zine } 6& | 0.0955 | ‘Zine | EN 0.1082 «From L. 5. Mavi, " Mecbaaieal Engineers’ Handbook,” McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New Fork, 1941, {From E. E, Kelley, U.S, Bur, Mine Bul. 371 (2099), + Walehted value for copper and ripe844 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER Taste il. Dneenstons or SrEzL Pres (IPS) Surface per Ia 7] Nominal | a | Flow area Weignt pipe size, | OD, in. SeRECUle| 1p, in. | “per pipe, ft. /ft. per ls ft TPS, in. | F in? ide | Inside | ‘Ib steel | % | 0 058 | 0.106 | 0.070 0.25 036 | 0.056 0.32 Mu tos} 0.142 | 0.095 0.48 | 072 | 0.078 0.54 cy ie} o.i77 | 0.199 0.37 i qa oun 0.74 | 301 | 0.220 | 0.263 0.85 : 235 jot 1.08 cA 334] 0.275 | 0.216 1.13 432 | 0.194 148 1 861) 0.318 | 0. 1.68 7s 0 27 Ve) 166 | 40" | 1389! 150 | o4as | 0 2.28 sor | LMS} 128 | tt) 3.00 ug | 190 | gor ji 2.04 | 0.498 | 0 2 1 sot | 1 176 | ;° 3 2.38 | 4o* | 2 0.622 | o 3.65 | sot) 2 oo 5.03 23 | 2.88 | gor | 2 0.753 | 0.647 3.80 ! sot; 2 : 0.609 7.67 3 3.50 | 40 1 3 7.38 | 0.917 | 0.804 7.38 sot | 2 6.61 | 0.760 10.3 4 4.50 aor | 4 12.7 irs | 1.055 10.8 | | so; | 3 eS | i002 | 15.0 6 40" | 6. 28.9 | 1.734 | 1.390 19.0 | | so | 5 26.1 | j 1510 | 28.8 a | se] gx | ran} goo | 25s | 200 | as | soy | 7 Br | | 2000 | 43:4 10 | 10.75 40 | 10.02 7.3 | 2 | 2.62 40.5 | ade) no 746 2155 54.8 wz fiers | a0 | 2 ns | 3.338 | gaz | 43.8 4 10.9 30 | 13 138 3.665 | 3.47 54.6 36 | 18.0 30 | 15. 383 | 42180 | 4100 62:8 18 1810 20t | 17. 234 4in2 | 4152 72:7 20 | 20-0 20. | 19 291 5.236 | 5.05 78.6 22 22.0 dot | 21 355 B.7a7 | 556 84.0 24 24°0 20° | 23 425 6.283 | 6.09 94:7 * Commonly knows as standard. 1 Commonly knows as extza besry. 3 Approzimataly.TABLE 11-2 Tobing Choracterstcs® Fe] Fe | Wek ] 7 tide | external | internal | perth | Moment wan | cron | Sunace | surace | lng a tubing | BWC | thicknes, | sceuonal | ‘perf | ‘perte | set’ | Tubing | inertia Gores | goo [im | arene’ | Rength | Keogh | “ir | sam | iat m= | ces | oozes ‘0sos | 08s | 01s | oon ae | one exe | “oss | “20s | cooii 25 | 018 ‘seo | 0s | “21s | “ooooe aa e570 | 030 | 218 | 00008 is | ow ores, 00088 so | us 738 08S = | os 0805 | ‘os om 0367 (00008, 055 see 02 88 1082 0018 as id ois | os 68 one | 108 1066 os uae | adios o | grsten | Conta irs cr [ome | | asp cae | 32 | fate cen | 32 | ise oe | 58 | 16 ne | oe | ras in | iam is | ie | ie oe * ‘ 5 x x s s x x ‘ x & 120 rie | 310 180 tes in 20, 108 os ss 136 | 80 tag | 1010 | ioso | ime Ls | 1080 ces | tose s23 | 1120 a | 152 3 | 180 ress | zoe tas | tase | tse | ass 86 | 1370 sao | 1360 reso | eos ste | 220 es. a4 ie ss os 120 106 Iss 231 1008 2300 sor uis_| 10m 16. “Standard of Table Exchanger Marufocturer Anonation Sik wd 1968 apd 6h ed 1878 ‘Averehs ave bused ou loe-carbon steel witha densy of 02859 B® For sther metals mull by the following acu Aluminum 0s ‘aluminum bre Temmum , 038 ietehehromesion LIST AUD series ile sees cr Ramil 3ISL300 seve sae tel 108 Netel and nickelcopper Sloman brome hoe Ghoper and eupronicels Ihper be pe hy Haw velty = PEEL IUOE BE tap gy af wat at 16°C OFF] = 10) Ex oper gud_ ef(py=2[e Vis erf(—p) = —erf B erfe(f) = 1 — erf(B) ert (8) ertc (B} 0 ro 0.056 0.943628 0128630887537 0.167998 © 0.832004 0.222703 0.777297 076326 03986 0.379382 0.428392 0.520800 0.563323 0.603856 0.396148 osa0r = 0387971 0.677801 0.392199 Onis 0288888 0743101 0.257899 a770668 © = 0.228352 0.796908 0.203082 0.820891 0.179109 0.84270) 0.157299 oggox0s. 0.119795 osi0s¢ 0.089686 1834008 0.065982 0.952285 0.047715 sseins 0.023898 0976348 0.023652 0983790 0.016210 0.989091 0.010909 01992780 0.007210 0.995322 0.004678 01997021 0.002879 0.998137 0.001863 0998857 == 0.001143 0.999311 0.000689. 0.998883 0.000807 o9ee76e 0.000236 0.999866 0,000) 34 0.999925 0.000075 0.999959 0.000041 0.999978 0.000022SOh eed -|L0 90 60 ol%00 900 00Lo 0.8} 06, 0.5) 04) 03) 0.2] 0.15 Ot 0.08 0.08 005 + [o 0.04 =F 0.03 002 0.015) 0.01 0.008 0.006, 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.0015 0.001 0 |_ + iF is my Cs ZL ort $ RET [0 i LA \N Pr 1 2 Fic. 18.12. 3 4, Gurney-Lurie chart for slab. —10 08} os a5 04 Se TI tylinder 03 0.2 O15 01 0.08} 0.06 0.05 ~1? oj uf 0.04 he = 0.03 002, 0015 0.01 0.008) 0.005, 0.005, 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.0015 0.001 0 3 408 ‘ rz Fic. 18.13. Gurney-Lurie chart for cylinders.1.0 08 0.6 04 0.3 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.08) — 0.06 oe o.02 ei 0018 3 0.01 0.008) 0.006) 0.005) 0.004 0.003} 0.002 0.0015 0.001! 0.0! . 18.9. Slatb, Bar C ‘yinder 4 =o + t ; Cube. t Cylinder L=D Sphere | I 01 Os 10 § 408 12 Plot of f:(4a6/I) for various shapes.10 Os 06 05 04 0.3) 0.2) 0.15 Ol 0.08 0.05 0.05 [AP 0.04 F003 0.02 0.015 0.01 0.008 0.006 0.005. 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.0015 0.001 " Fig. 18.14. Sphere 3 4 5 408 Te Gurney-Lurie chart for spheres.le-t Tt oot 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4) 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.08} 0.05) 0.05 0.04; 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.006 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.001 1.0 Fie, 18.15, Semi infinite solid | | | T t | I | 20 30 40 50 28 mz Gurney-Lurie chart for semiinfinite solid. 6.0 10 ay afuuinjoo 1g uy 'syun Arewoysna “g'p, UY q *UUINJOD De Wy UaAIH S| SYN 1g UT q “pAEAMop Fuse] = CJ tpsendn Bupsey = A "310" aro FOX LEO (AAO XO> A> OI Xe x PLO IXE> A> OL Xs . Cn a) WOIX > A> Ot sowyins yep aro Pet OK Cr ol< wo wel XK oe Ol> L> 01 x 60T WL > &>'T % 60 T> A> 01 % 10 01> > 501 uy g> sjaweIp = 7 0 oro s-01> 9 ye uo7s0]] ero eT «TO ols al 6S eT DLT OU A> or we> pyeonias = 7 x o> saneyins [eon9, Ae0L DelG Ae0e ° NON = A woneinilguog We 13180 ene (ve- 01) pup (Ze-O1) “by 40} g pu ‘u ’o Jo sanjoA -O1 ATAVLAPPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 845 ‘Taste 12, Fouumve Facrors* Temperature of heating medium. [Up to 240°F_[_240-400°F F ‘Temperature of water [25°F or less |" Over 125°F. | Water velocity, | Water velocity, ips | ips es Sit | Over | 3ft | Over andless| 3 ft |andless) 3 ft See water... 0.0005 | 0.0005 |'0.001 | 0-001 Brackish water 0.002 | 0,001 | 0.003 | 0.002 Cooling tower and srtificial spray pond: Treated make-up . 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.002 Untrested . : 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.008 City or well water (such es Grest Lakes) 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.002 Great Lakes 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.002 River water: | Minimum. | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0 0. Mississippi. | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0 0 Deleware, SchuyTsill | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0 0. Esst River and New York Bay | 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.003 itery canal | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.010 | 0.008 Muddy or silty 10.003 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.003 Hard (over 15 grains/gal) 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.005 Engine jacket. {0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 Distilled, | 0.0005 | 0.0005 | 0.0005 | 0.0005 ‘Treated boiler feedwater 0.001 | 0.0005 | 0.001 | 0.001 Boiler blowdown 0.002__| 0.002 | 0.002 _| 0.002 + Ratings ip the last to eolum: If the hestiog medium tempers ratings should be modiSed accor: ‘are based on a temperature of the heat is over 400°F, and the cooling medium is known to scale these ing medivma of 240 to 400°F. Petroleum Fractions ils (industrial): Fuel oil... . 0.005 Clean re ng oil 0.001 Machinery and transformer oils 0.001 Quenching oil 0.004 Vegetable oils 0.003 Gases, vapors (industrial) Coke-oven gas, manufactured gas 0 Diesel-engine exhaust gas. 0. Organic vapors * 0 0. 0. Steam (non-oil bearing) Aleoho! vapors... Steam, exhaust (oil bearing from reciprocating engines) 0.001 Refrigerating vapors (condens- ing from reciprocsting com- pressors) 0 Air. : 0 2 00! 00! Liguids (industrial): Organic 0.001 Refrigerating liquids, hesting, cooling, or evaporating 0.001 Brine (cooling). 0.001 Atmospheric distillation units: Residual bottoms, less than 25°API. 0.005 Distillate bottoms, 25"API or above. Be 0.002 Atmospheric distillation units: Overhead untrested vapors... 0.0013 Overbead treated vapors..... 0.003 Side-stream cuts 0.0018 Vacuum distillation units: Overhead vapors to oil: From bubble tower (partial condenser)... 0.001 From flash pot (no appreci- able refiux).. 0.003 * Standards of Tubsler Eschonger Manufacturert Association, 2¢ e@., Nas York, 1949.846 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER Tasir 12, Focus Facroits.*—(Continued) Overhead vapors in water- Lean oil... 0.002 cooled condensers: Overhead vapors 0.001 From bubble tower (final Gesoline..... 0.0005 condenser) 0.001 Debutanizer, Depropanize:, De- From flash pot 0.0 pentanizer, and Alkylation Side stream: Uni To oit - 0,001 Feed. 0.001 reenter (0:002) Overhead vapors. 0.001 Residual bottoms, less than Product coolers. 0.001 20°API...... ©, 0,005 ‘Product reboilers..........., 0.002 Distillate bottoms, over Reactor feed...... 0.002 D0°API..... | 9.002 Lube treating units: Natural gasoline stabilizer un Solvent oil mixed feed......., 0.002 eae * 9.0003 Overhead vapors 0.001 OE. vapors 0.0003 “Refined oil...... ve. 0.001 Product coolers and exchangers 0.0005 Refined oil Product reboilers. 0,001 water cooled. - 0.008 HLS Removal Units: oe eee ee noo Oil-cooled end steam gener Solution exebanger coolers... 0.0036 eee one ria tani Water-cooled + 0.008 a Solvent....- + 0.001 apy ee Dessphaltizing units Gas oil fee peed arn Under 500°F. 0.002 Saivent. toa _500°F and over 0.003 Asphalt and resins Naphtha feed: Cil-cooled end steam gener Under 500°F 0,002 ae Rots sO Ta card es Water-cooled 0.003 Sepsrator vapors (vap Solvent vapors...... 0.001 separator, fish pot, snd 0.001 vaporizer). 0.008 0.003 Bubble-tower vapors 0.002 Residwum..... 0.010 0.001 Absorption units: Solvent...... 0.001 Gas..... 0.002 Oil wax mix heating. 0.001 Fat oil 0.002 Oil wax mix cooling? 0.003 + Precautions must be taken against deposition of wax, _____ Crude Oil Streams O:90F | 200-209°F | —-300-490°F | 500°F and over Velocity, ips Cader] 2-4 | 2 | Under 2+ | £15 | under] 24 eee zit | ft ar | ft. [272 | one | ft ait | ft | ove over over over \ over Bry.[-0.003'0.002/0..002) 0.003 0.00310 .002| 0.004/0-0083]0.002/ 0.0080 (0004/0. 008 .007/0..00610.005 Sait §|.0:003/0. 020.0021 0.005/0.004/0.004) 0..006/0..00510.0041 0 | Refers to a wet crude—any erude that hss aot been dehydrated.FS] | =| at eee ee i 100 H if eer for oy ssetu apesuiapuc oremes 3 nae} Bypung 11 8994 40°, re 1 fF yebua] agn z -|--|- 4901-0 ioceupee {He | f i aN YM =, S290L Md nbeiaoHe ee TE ea AN DnfanuaTEya — eet le oala EEE ah soo | aov0t ool oO = 4 419191) 3909 Bursu9pu09,[(6S61) £9 ‘Gg “Borg “Buy ‘WyD wousf uossnusad hg paonpo.day) (‘001% > Joquinu sppouday soy Aroay yassnN soyeorpur aur] payoq) “Jequinu sprou -Aay [eUIWIA] oy] puv Uy a]esUapUod ay] Jo sarjsodosd peorsdyd Jo uoyouny B se yUs!OYJI0d wyY-Sursuapuoo aBeroae Burmoys jord rpyNq Ol-Ol “Old Ib ‘saQUINN Spjoukay jOUIW1a | Oo00'00! Oooo! (elere)| 002 200 te soo az olos, “oN ( -& GO 20 a) hp ol as oz 5 os ie ool ool 4equinu |;puodid00°€1 SL8 oe’ ol 000'0¢ 009 Ser 06'T oT 000‘01 08'z Sez Sel or oo0€ 891 orl 10'1 ol 0001 821 svt €0'l ot 00 Sol €0'l ol O11 00z -OlX2='% 401 =F 5 Ol ="F 0 ='F n/Ip toqunu spjouday yeurunsa y, ou/yTABLE 7-3 Effect of Condensate Loading on Condensing Coefficient W/(npD?*) — /h, || W/(npD?*) — h/he 0 1.30 7000 0.85 50 1.25 9000 0.80 200 1.20 10,000 0.75 500 1.15 12,000 0.70 750 1.10 17,000 0.60 1500 1.05 20,000 0.50 2650 1.00 25,000 0.40 4000 0.95 30,000 0.25 6000 0.90 35,000 0.00I TH r i Shor oz 0 Of Op 08 O7 OF tee 1,184 LAT cect en i we eat fT TS aS 2) Ove se Hel yes ie pore te peel Thee eps Sen a le nde mr Se re ‘epame we "Sse eed anon oe pe th summed (Crowe (pape estat pae tt tend conection wombone yet) Grane (Gr eal cols with we10.28 HEAT TRANSMISSION IG. 10.14 (orn area occupied by tubes Su oan) eet Stbes iG, 1018 Valea foreten mali yO ee | cee | for emmon tobe aout Te conve ine ethat Dopp #88 Baw ls hes ao) Ireguted only if lem 11, Equicelent dometer ner flow, defined ct Neh = 1 where fs the boflecut angle given by (2) ne os FG. 1016, Estimation of action af tbe i crombow Fy (Eq. (10120) Te fanvert ches emer mus by OOS51 Nov that fed D, have an eshaOUTLET TEMPERATURES FOR COUNTERCURRENT EXCHANGER i ae 10 we WC vera! heat-tronster coefficient tore! surface flow rote of col fluid os + flow rote of no! flue | specific neo! of cole {ie neo! of ho! hot flvié inet ane i | | outlet temperatures cold fluid inlet ond outlet temperature on 02 03 04 08 O8 uae FIG. 7-14 Temperature efficiency for counterfiow exchangers |11].OUTLET TEMPERATURE FOR 1-2 MULTIPASS EXCHANGER — 7-47 hh 10 we/We 7 1 overall heot-tronsier coefficient 1] too rie ly] flow rote of cold fluid os T - + i! tow ote at fo ve Lal C1 peu ea of ead Hid + Seale het of haf ow shor fine wit on outlet temperciures: 08 7 T | O68 L oa 7 7 - | 5 os J os | ZZ L4 rl o2 f on | | , oo i oF es GeO OE a ua swe FIG. 7-15. Temperature efficiency for heat exchangers with one shell pass and even number of tube passes [11]Table 5.10 Batch Processes Isothermal heating medium qa) Isothermal cooling medium Q@) GB) Coil-in-tank, non-isothermal cooling medium ~ en 24) we (Ky - 1 4) a 8 a ice 1 + (1, > 1 exp(-y) External exchanger, non-isothermal cooling z sof al 7 ate? ® Agitated vessel (6)Sucrose eyecare © Citric seid Ou Okratt liquid - Glycerol $ 6 ONDNOs, z ONHalpSO 3 le. 270°. 0 22% hos © bipr Note: Points shown © bose FIG. 11-23 Boiling-point rise of aqueous solutions. °C = % (°F — 32). 20 110: 100. rise," e 5S 8 Baiting poi » é 340 320 300 280 200 180 304160 O 140 120 100 Temnecolure °F Soluin hi ah i ) FIG. 11-21 Evaporator types. (2) Forced circulation. (b) Submerged-tube forced circulation. (c) Oslo-type crystallizer. (d) Short-tube vertical. (e) Pro- peller calandria. (f) Long-tube vertical. (g) Recirculating long-tube vertical ih) Falling film. (i,j) Horizontal-tube evaporators. C = condensate; F = feed; G = vent; P = product: $= steam; V = vapor; ENT'T = separated entrain- ment outlet.22.441 50 sneers a | Convechion, | re erg pat c, (Wakavae Convechi Dee eaer azteca ae - #) Mas Oe) = @ Re 2 Nuspett Mumben; Griz Grashet Number; fe Rar Raleigh Aun ber Compigereabion Relevgh Vuh a ke Carn rntents @ Verkent surfaes Ziel 136 eto be MeN Hen donneasion WZ4di ose eas 63 st Y >10% Ons 32 D Hertrerntas cylinder of C107 o-4q, ° diameter Ware or oe gain WKY CI pea orto Vex dist ea e-20 exc oss os aeeaaaee os obs @ Horgyms peak hee K 2x Cre) OSH 0.25 FOF Fretnn deumutarel 2nd C1 GaK18 (Fo) ot 6-33 FU Facing upward BF C4 C3x:0 (FO) 0.27 025 236 | onTs a @ verbint Pinke awd Nua one Gy Chr 055) ar De eagiinden _ eae gt 28) Pee ons 4 ame. Nas oes ot Pp Gere Grcie Reps Perry's Chamcene Engineang aeratnente,, Sixth Edihion Crp l0:!3) Fenn Minrbicrso sueers 2a142 yoo sweets 2214 a CAMISE Feo Re Cetee : \ 4 oe Ge a © Herter The nae aide p SEBS (Me oe cee itoreuT 6. Cee Conete Num 2 Pre Re. Bos Hes viscosity ab batietebh | Hise visterthy at Wnbh temp ; Naja nusfelh Namnbte based om logarithante Temp iff oe ow Nate e ree Ge (KEY Ge 100 y" es @ Arner Nays ver et pt °F (ee) “e y ““~ where py = urtcotihg of puta at inner wall an Wigan Mnsrelt Nuenbee Lased on averane CanHheuaht mean) @ Prvetiak Henkes omnes fectingedan, Ducts | Ney, = LES oS ° he caso eer rece " © content nee one Rone) Le BPE et mens = Lae 25*| i) pele ot oe oe hus cos Reo he & ves Rap loees, OTS Pecan, & 760 @ Auntie mos ooze ef al? ror B/D, pee Py Whee Di and Dy ane inner and outer Liawalins of arnular © cat TACKETS AND cols OF AGITATED veTEls hj Ee ac wey "(Hay whine Ops ————r— pe Hamety ofag ihatn LENE ppart le mune forming Nae enact afagi her e Melnes of A, eat te and on claps on agiteen bate Agitetw me So Paddle e236 Ys o-2} Boo = 3x18 Roynelds No Pikbedzblode sy 3% SB 28 ce ese Ho we td Prep os yy oY 000 Racher bo Va ote (v= 500 HeNeet Ribbm 6698 2 ole gah ference: Perryt Cheenn Enapintart Hemnetovwde (pp lo-1s- 10-04) i