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Tarea 1: Cristian Parra Alvial ELO352: Comunicaciones Por Fibra Optica Profesor: Ricardo Olivares
Tarea 1: Cristian Parra Alvial ELO352: Comunicaciones Por Fibra Optica Profesor: Ricardo Olivares
Problema 1.1
Calculate the carrier frequency for optical communication systems operating at 0.88,
1.3, and 1.55 m. What is the photon energy (in eV) in each case?
c
E =hV =h
34
h = 6, 63 10 [J/s]
h = 4, 13 1015 [EV s]
i) 0, 88[m]
f = 3, 40 1014 [Hz]
E = 1, 40[EV ]
ii) 1, 3[m]
f = 2, 3 1014 [Hz]
E = 0, 953[EV ]
iii) 1, 55[m]
f = 1, 93 1014[Hz]
E = 0, 79[EV ]
1
Problema1.2
Calculate the transmission distance over which the optical power will attenuate by
a factor of 10 for three fibers with losses of 0.2, 20, and 2000 dB/km. Assuming that
the optical power decreases as exp(L), calculate a (in cm1) for the three fibers.
Pout
= 0, 1
Pin
i) 0, 2[db/km]
ii) 20[db/km]
iii) 2000[db/km]
Pout = Pin eL 0, 1 = eL
10 Pout
[db/km] = log10 ( )
L Pin
10 1
i) 0, 2[db/km] = log10 ( )
L 10
L = 50[km]
2
Problema 1.3
Assume that a digital communication system can be operated at a bit rate of up to
1 % of the carrier frequency. How many audio channels at 64 kb/s can be transmitted
over a microwave carrier at 5 GHz and an optical carrier at 1.55 m?
i) = 1, 55[m]
c
f = = 1, 935 1014 [Hz]
ii) f = 5[GHz]
B = 1 %f
B[bit/s]
# de canales =
64[kb/s]
1, 935 1014 0, 01[bit/s]
i) # de canales = = 30, 24 106 canales
64[kb/s]
5[GHz] 0, 01[bit/s]
ii) # de canales = = 781, 25 canales
64[kb/s]
Problema 1.4
1hour lecture script is stored on the computer hard disk in the ASCII format.
Estimate the total number of bits assuming a delivery rate of 200 words per minute
and on average 5 letters per word. How long will it take to transmit the script at a bit
rate of 1 Gb/s?
Se sabe que en el codigo ASCII una letra contiene 8 bits
min palabras letras bit
Bits = 1[hora] 60[ ] 200[ ] 5[ ] 8[ ] = 4, 8 105 [bits]
hora min palabra letra
4, 8 105 [bits]
T = = 4, 8 104 [s]
1 109 [bit/s]
3
Problema 1.5
A 1.55m digital communication system operating at 1 Gb/s receives an average
power of 40 dBm at the detector. Assuming that 1 and 0 bits are equally likely to
occur, calculate the number of photons received within each 1 bit.
Gb
B = 1[ ]
s
= 1, 55[m]
P = 40[dbm] P = 1 104 [mW ]
E = P T
1 1
T = = = 109 [s]
B 1 109 [ bit
s
]
E = 1 104 [mW ] 109 [s] = 1 1016 [J]
E E
Nf otones = = 780
hV hc
Problema 1.6
An analog voice signal that can vary over the range 050 mA is digitized by sam-
pling it at 8 kHz. The first four sample values are 10, 21, 36, and 16 mA. Write the
corresponding digital signal (a string of 1 and 0 bits) by using a 4bit representation
for each sample.
V alores de muestreo 10, 21, 36, 16 [mA]
fS = 8[kHz]
4 bits por muestreo
kbits
B = 32[ ]
s
Sea D la dif erencia entre las amplitudes de corriente, D = 50[mA] 0[mA] = 50
L = 2N = 24 = 16
D
= = 3, 125
L
10
= 3, 2 0011
21
= 6, 72 0110
36
= 11, 52 1011
16
= 5, 12 0101
4
Problema 1.7
Sketch the variation of optical power with time for a digital NRZ bit stream 010111101110
by assuming a bit rate of 2.5 Gb/s. What is the duration of the shortest and widest
optical pulse?
El pulso mas corto dura 1 bit, y el mas largo dura 4 bits consecutivos, por lo tanto se
tiene para el pulso mas corto:
Gbit 1
B = 2, 5[ ] T = = 4 1010 [s]
s 2, 5[ Gb
s
]
Y para el pulso mas largo se tiene:
4 T = 1, 6 109 [s]
Problema 1.8
A 1.55m fiberoptic communication system is transmitting digital signals over
100 km at 2 Gb/s. The transmitter launches 2 mW of average power into the fiber
cable, having a net loss of 0.3 dB/km. How many photons are incident on the receiver
during a single 1 bit? Assume that 0 bits carry no power, while 1 bits are in the form
of a rectangular pulse occupying the entire bit slot (NRZ format).
Gb db
= 1, 55[m] L = 100[km] B = 2[ ] P = 2[mW ] = 0, 3[ ]
s km
J
h = 6, 6 1034 [ ]
s
1 1
T = = = 5 1010
B 2 109
10 Prx
L = log10 ( )
P
L Prx
= log10 ( )
10 P
L Prx L
10 10 = Prx = P 10 10 = 2 103 [mW ]
P
Prx T
Nf otones = 7804[f otones]
hV
5
Problema 1.9
A 0.8m optical receiver needs at least 1000 photons to detect the 1 bits accu-
rately. What is the maximum possible length of the fiber link for a 100Mb/s optical
communication system designed to transmit 10 dBm of average power? The fiber loss
is 2 dB/km at 0.8 m. Assume the NRZ format and a rectangular pulse shape.
= 0, 8[m]
Problema 1.10
A 1.3m optical transmitter is used to obtain a digital bit stream at a bit rate of
2 Gb/s. Calculate the number of photons contained in a single 1 bit when the average
power emitted by the transmitter is 4 mW. Assume that the 0 bits carry no energy.
P = 4[mW ]
Gb
B = 2[ ]
s
= 1, 3[m]
J
h = 6, 62 1034 [ ]
s
P T 1 c
Nf otones = , T = , V =
hV B
P
Nf otones = = 13, 09 106 [f otones]
hcB