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Lap - akhirPKM UNS PKM-PE AnisaNurraudah
Lap - akhirPKM UNS PKM-PE AnisaNurraudah
Lap - akhirPKM UNS PKM-PE AnisaNurraudah
PKM PENELITIAN
Disusun oleh:
PKM PENELITIAN
Disusun oleh:
i
ii
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman Judul i
Halaman Pengesahan ii
Daftar Isi iii
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN
1.1.Latar Belakang Masalah 1
1.2.Rumusan Masalah 1
1.3.Tujuan Penelitian 2
1.4.Urgensi Penelitian 2
1.5.Target dan Kontribusi Penelitian 2
1.6.Manfaat Penelitian 2
BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
2.1. Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) 3
2.2. Kupu-kupu Blue Morpho Didius 3
BAB 3 METODE PENELITIAN
3.1. Waktu dan Tempat 4
3.2. Alat dan Bahan 4
3.3. Tahap Penelitian 4
3.4. Diagram Alir Penelitian 5
BAB 5 PENUTUP 9
DAFTAR PUSTAKA 9
LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1. Justifikasi Anggaran Kegiatan 11
Lampiran 2. Dokumentasi Kegiatan 14
Lampiran 3. Dokumentasi Bukti Pembayaran 15
Lampiran 4. Hasil Karakterisasi 16
Lampiran 5. Full paper dan Bukti Letter of Acceptance (LoA) 17
iii
BAB 1. PENDAHULUAN
1.1. Latar Belakang
1
1.3 Tujuan Program
Tujuan yang dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dalam penelitian ini, sebagai
berikut:
1. Mengkaji pengaruh replikasi sayap kupu-kupu blue Morpho didius sebagai
biotemplate dalam optimalisasi kerja dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC).
2. Mengetahui nilai efisiensi kerja () DSSC setelah dimodifikasi dengan sayap
kupu-kupu blue Morpho didius sebagai biotemplate.
3. Meneliti bentuk karakterisasi sayap kupu-kupu blue Morpho didius sebagai
biotemplate TiO2 nanopartikel.
2
BAB 2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
3
Kupu-kupu Morpho didius merupakan kupu-kupu dengan sayap biru
cerah, ditunjukkan pada gambar 1. (a) dengan perbesaran optik sayap M. didius
pada gambar 1. (b). Sayap kupu-kupu ini terdiri dari dua jenis skala: cover scale
dan ground scale cyan-biru, seperti ditunjukkan pada pada gambar. 1. (c) dan (d).
Sedangkan pada gambar 1. (e) menampilkan gambar SEM dari dua skala tersebut,
menunjukkan struktur ridge-lamellae yang kompleks pada daerah punggung kupu.
Gambar 1. (f) menunjukkan visualiasi TEM dari skala ground scale. Berdasarkan
gambar tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa ground scale membentuk susunan yang
teratur pada daerah punggung kupu di mana lamellae hampir sejajar dengan dasar
dan bersifat stagered di kedua sisi daerah punggung kupu. Hal inilah yang
menyebabkan sayap kupu-kupu blue Morpho didius dinilai sangat potensial
sebagai biotemplate dalam sistem dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) (Jiang et al.,
2014).
Gambar 2. Skema Replikasi Sayap Kupu-kupu Blue Morpho didius (Liu et al.,2010)
4
Kaca FTO dibersihkan dengan alkohol 96% menggunakan ultrasonic
cleaner hingga didapat permukaan kaca yang bersifat hidrofilik. Lalu, kaca FTO
diukur resistansinya guna menentukan bagian yang terkonduksi menggunakan
multimeter (Kim et al., 2015). Proses pendeposisian MD-TiO2 dilakukan pada
kaca FTO berukuran 2,5 x 2,5 cm dengan area deposisi sebesar 1 x 1 cm diatas
permukaan konduktif. Sisi kaca FTO ditempel dengan scotch tape sebagai
pembatas di ketiga sisinya dengan metode rakel pada ketebalan 0,05 m. Film
MD-TiO2 kemudian direndam ke dalam dye senyawa kompleks Ru N719 selama
24 jam. Selanjutnya, elektrolit berbasis PEG/KI/I2 dibuat dengan cara
mencampurkan 0,8 gram Kalium Iodida ke dalam larutan asetonitril sebanyak 10
ml dalam gelas beker, di stirer selama 15 menit dengan skala kecepatan 6.
Kemudian, tambahkan 0,127 gram Iodine (I2) ke dalam larutan tersebut lalu
distirer kembali selama 30 menit. Di sisi lain, sebanyak 7 gram PEG-4000
dicampurkan dengan 25 ml kloroform, distirer selama 30 menit. Larutan elektrolit
cair yang telah di buat di tambahkan ke dalam larutan polimer tersebut, kemudian
di stirrer selama 60 menit pada suhu 85 hingga homogen. Simpan larutan
elektrolit dalam wadah tutup yang dilapisi aluminium foil.
Elektroda pembanding pada penelitian ini berupa kaca FTO dengan
permukaan konduktif berlapis karbon. Pertama-tama, arsir sisi konduktif kaca
FTO dengan menggunakan pensil 8B secara merata. Kemudian, kaca disintering
diatas nyala api lilin hingga seluruh lapisan kaca berwarna hitam akibat timbulnya
lapisan karbon. Selanjutnya kaca dipanaskan secara bertahap hingga 350 lalu
tahan selama 30 menit. Setelah itu turunkan suhu menjadi 70 . (Wulandari dan
Prajitno, 2015). Komponen DSSC disusun secara sandwich, lalu dijepit dengan 2
sebuah penjepit di masing-masing sisi kanan dan kiri.
5
BAB 4. HASIL YANG DICAPAI DAN POTENSI KHUSUS
Gambar 4. SEM Sayap Kupu-Kupu Blue Morpho Didius: (a) Fotografi Sayap
Kupu-Kupu Blue Morpho Didius, (b) SEM perbesaran 68x, (c) SEM perbesaran
660x, (c) SEM perbesaran 30000x
b. Serbuk MD-TiO2
a b c d
\
Porous Windows
Gambar 5. Serbuk MD-TiO2: (a) SEM perbesaran 10000x, (b) SEM perbesaran
19000x, (c) SEM perbesaran 21500x, (d) SEM perbesaran 23000x
6
Dari tabel diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa sayap kupu-kupu blue Morpho
didius terdiri dari unsur karbon, oksigen dan sedikit unsur indium di dalamnya.
b. MD-TiO2
7
Melalui proses analisa yang dilakukan dengan cara mencocokan 3 data dari
letak dan intensitas puncak tertinggi didapatkan hasil bahwa ke dua sampel uji
dominan berfasa anatase TiO2 dengan sistem kristal tetragonal dan indeks hkl 011.
Dari difraktogram dapat dilihat bahwa meskipun derajat kristalinitas MD-TiO2
lebih rendah dibandingkan TiO2 komersial, akan tetapi kuantitas fase anatase pada
MD-TiO2 lebih besar yakni sebanyak 57% demikian pula dengan nilai
densitasnya. Dalam fotokatalis semakin banyaknya fasa anatase yang terbentuk
akan semakin baik dalam menyerap cahaya. Hal ini dikarenakan nilai band-gap
anatase lebih besar jika dibandingkan fasa rutile. Hal ini juga berdampak pada
tingkat keaktifan material dalam membawa muatan pada DSSC.
No Sampel Peak 1 2 3 4 5
Intensitas 3441,16 2925,17 1654,03 1381,09 642,32
1 Sayap Asli Gugus
-OH C-H C=C C-O C-X
Fungsional
Sayap Intensitas 344,12 2922,28 1655,96 1381,09 620,14
2 setelah Gugus
-OH C-H C=C C-O C-X
pretreatmant Fungsional
Intensitas 3445,98 2925,17 1365,66 553,59
3 MD TiO2 Gugus
-OH C-H C-O Ti-O-Ti
Fungsional
8
4.1.5. Karakterisasi I-V
Tabel 5. Perbandingan Nilai Parameter Performa Sistem DSSC
Sampel
0.250 0.00048 0.508 0.00077 2.744 0.391
0.391 0.00016 0.711 0.00018 3.260 0.125
BAB 5. PENUTUP
5.1. Kesimpulan
Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, maka dapat disimpulkan
bahwa:
1. Metode sonokimia dapat digunakan untuk mereplikasi struktur sayap kupu-
kupu blue Morpho didius dengan baik, mudah dan cepat (in situ)
2. Aplikasi replikasi sayap kupu-kupu blue Morpho didius pada fotoanoda
mampu meningkatkan nilai efisiensi dan performa sistem DSSC
3. Prototype ke-3 dengan komposisi MD-TiO2 dan TiO2 menghasilkan nilai
efisiensi terbesar yakni 1.241%.
5.2. Saran
Hendaknya, untuk penelitian selanjutnya, dalam replikasi sayap kupu-kupu
blue Morpho didius proses ultrasonikasi lebih diperpanjang waktunya agar
struktur yang terbentuk lebih presisi.
9
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Jiang, T., Peng, Z., Wu, Wenjun., Shi, T., dan Liao, G. (2014). Gas sensing using
hierarchical micro/nanostructures of Morpho butterfly scales. Sensors and
Actuators A Physical, 213, 63-69.
Liu, X., Zhu, S., Zhang, D., & Chen, Z. (2010). Replication of butterfly wing in
TiO2 with ordered mesopores assembled inside for light harvesting.
Materials Letters, 64 (24), 27452747.
Mathew S,Yella, A., Gao, P., Baker, R.H., Curchod, BFE., Astani,N.A., et al.
(2014). Dye- sensitized solar cells with 13% efficiency achieved through the
molecular engineering of porphyrin sensitizers. Nat Chem;6:2427.
Niu, S., Li, B., Mu, Z., Yang, M., Zhang, J., Han, Z., & Ren, L. (2015). Excellent
Structure-Based Multifunction of Morpho Butterfly Wings: A Review, 12,
170189.
O'Regan, B., dan Grtzel, M. (1991). A low-cost, high-efficiency solar cell based
on dye- sensitized colloidal TiO2 films. Nature; 353:73740.
Pancaningtyas, L. dan Akhlus, S. (2009). Peranan Elektrolit Pada Performa Sel
Surya Pewarna Tersensitisasi (SSPT). Laboratorium Kimia Fisik FMIPA
ITS. Surabaya.
Sengupta, D., Das, P., Mondal, B., dan Mukherjee, K. (2016). Effects of doping,
morphology and film-thickness of photo-anode materials for dye sensitized
solar cell application A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy
Reviews, 60, 356376.
Walisiewicz, M. (2002). Alternative Energy. London: Dorling Kindersley.
Wulandari, H. E., dan Prajitno, G. (2012). Studi Awal Fabrikasi Dye Sensitized
Solar Cell (DSSC) Menggunakan Ekstraksi Bunga Sepatu (Hibiscus Rosa
Sinensis L) Sebagai Dye. Jurusan Fisika, FMIPA. ITS. Surabaya.
Yella, A., Lee, H.W., Tsao, H.N., Yi, C., Chandiran, A.K., Nazeeruddin, M.K., et
al. (2011). Porphyrin-sensitized solar cells with cobalt (II/III)based redox
electrolyte exceed 12 percent efficiency. Science; 334 : 62934.
Yum, Jun-Ho., et al. (2011). A cobalt complex redox shuttle for dye-sensitized
solar cells with high open-circuit potentials. Nature Communications;3:631.
Zhang, X., L., Huang, F., Chen, Y., Cheng, Y-B., Amal, R. (2013). An over 10%
enhancement of dye-sensitized solar cell efficiency by tuning nanoparticle
packing. RSCAdv; 3:170036.
10
LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1. Justifikasi Anggaran Kegiatan
11
Pensil 8B Pelapis 2 buah 3.900,00 7.800,00
katoda
pembanding
Lilin Sintering 1 pack 7.300,00 7.300,00
katoda
pembanding
Kertas saring Penyaring 1 pack 420.000,00 420.000,00
whatmann no.42 halus
Masker Safety 1 pack 32.500,00 32.500,00
Lateks Safety 1 pack 42.000,00 42.000,00
Scotch tape Pembatas 1 buah 28.500,00 28.500,00
Tisu Pembersih 1 pack 15.950,00 15.950,00
Lap Pembersih 1 buah 10.500,00 10.500,00
Cotton buds Pembersih 1 pack 1.350,00 1.350,00
elektroda
pembanding
Pinset Penjepit 2 buah 20.000,00 40.000,00
sampel sayap
kupu-kupu
Botol tetes kaca Wadah pasta 2 buah 3.550,00 7.100,00
TiO2 dan
MD-TiO2
Klip binder Penjepit kaca 8 buah 1.800,00 14.400,00
FTO
Botol semprot Wadah 2 buah 18.000,00 36.000,00
pelarut
Cawan petri Wadah 2 buah 25.000,00 50.000,00
sampel kupu-
kupu
Korek api gas Sintering 1 buah 9.500,00 9.500,00
elektroda
pembanding
Double tape Perekat 1 pack 3.000,00 3.000,00
Botol vial 10 ml Wadah 100 buah 25.000,00 25.000,00
larutan
Jumlah Total = 2.966.900,00
3. Perjalanan
Material Justifikasi kuantitas Harga satuan Jumlah (Rp)
pemakaian (Rp)
Perjalanan Sintesis MD- 1 orang 620.000,00 620.000,00
solo-bogor- TiO2
solo menggunakan
ultrasonikator
Perjalanan Karakterisasi 4 orang 16.000,00 64.000,00
solo-jogja- sampel
solo
12
Uang bensin Membeli 4 orang 20.000,00 80.000,00
ke toko bahan habis
bahan pakai dan alat
penunjang
Uang bensin Melakukan 4 orang 10.000,00 40.000,00
ke penelitian
laboratorium
Jumlah Total = 804.000,00
4. Lain-lain
Material Justifikasi pemakaian Jumlah (Rp)
Konferensi Biaya registrasi publikasi 2.500.000,00
Internasional hasil penelitian
ICIMECE
2017
Jasa Penggunaan alat 90.000,00
penggunaan ultrasonikator
alat
ATK Alat tulis 10.900,00
Laporan Bukti realisasi kegiatan 7.500,00
penelitian
Logbook Buku perencanaan 7.000,00
kegiatan
Poster Pendukung publikasi 75.000,00
penelitian
Materai Bukti resmi pembayaran 7.000,00
Proposal Permohonan akses lab 6.000,00
Konsumsi Konsumsi 31.000,00
Jumlah Total = 2.734.400,00
Jumlah total pengeluaran = Rp. 9.999.808,00
13
Lampiran 2. Dokumentasi Kegiatan
14
Lampiran 3. Dokumentasi Bukti Pembayaran
15
Lampiran 4. Hasil Karakterisasi
400
200
300
150
Intensity (counts)
Intensity (counts)
200
100
100
50
0 0
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
2-theta (deg) 2-theta (deg)
16
Lampiran 5. Full Paper dan Bukti Letter of Acceptance (LoA)
17
Characterization, Modeling and porous structure at magnification
Replication of Blue Morpho Didius more than 20000xs. An EDAX
Butterfly Wings In Situ as TiO2 characterization showed that the
sample contained mostly by titanium
Nanoparticles Biotemplate in
and oxygen as 22.2 and 70.5 wt%
order to Optimize the Dye- respectively after being calcined at
Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) 450 without any trace of organic
Work element such as carbon. This was
further supported by the FT-IR
Anisa Nurraudah1*, Nurrudin spectra that the stretching vibrations
Mahmud Zinki2, Warih Purwendah3, of C-H bonds and N-H bonds
Satria Aji Wicaksono4 and Haryono5 disappeared after calcination. The
1, 2, 3, 4, 5 DSSC system performance was later
Chemistry Education
characterized using I-V Keithley
Department, Faculty of Teacher
meter by obtaining their I-V curves.
Training and Education, Sebelas
This study demostrates that the
Maret University, Surakarta 57126,
sonochemical method provides a
Indonesia
way to achieve decent efficiency of
*Corresponding Address: DSSC system.
anisanurraudah@student.uns.ac.id
Keywords: DSSC, TiO2
Abstract. Photoanode is one of the nanoparticles, Biotemplate, Blue M.
most important components of the didius butterfly, Sonochemical
dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) method
system. A novelty in replication of
the blue Morpho didius butterfly 1. Introduction
wings as photoanode biotemplates Solar energy is the energy
were applied to improve light gained by converting solar thermal
absorption capability in the DSSC
energy through certain equipment
system. The blue M. didius butterfly
is considered very promising because into resources in other forms. Solar
of its complex and sophisticated energy utilization techniques began
multilayer structure. The purpose of to emerge in 1839 by A.C.
this study was to examine the effect Becquerel by utilizing crystalline
of replication of blue M. didius silicon in converting solar
butterfly wings as a biotemplate of
radiation. Although solar cells are
TiO2 nanoparticles in the
optimization of dye-sensitized solar potential to become an alternative
cells (DSSCs) work. This research source of energy in the future, this
was conducted using sonochemical technology still has some
method throughout the constraints, one of which is the cost
ultrasonication and calcination of manufacture requires an
process. The samples were expensive initial investment [1]. In
characterized using X-ray diffraction
(XRD), scanning electron 1991, Grtzel created an
microscopy (SEM), energy- electrochemical photoelectric
dispersive X-ray (EDX) and fourier device with high light-absorbing
transform infrared spectroscopy (FT- efficiency using TiO2 (~10 m) thin
IR). The XRD patterns showed that films deposited on conductive glass
the sample formed the anatase phase. as a support medium in ruthenium
The SEM images showed that the
complex dye adsorption [2]. This
replication process was successfully
done by the formation of windows as tool is what we now know as dye-
ii
sensitized solar cell (DSSC). This (Merck), N719 (Merck), TiO2
DSSC system is believed to have nanoparticles powder (Degussa P-
advantages in terms of making and 25). Others tools used includes
using it as simple and economical multimeters, ultrasonicator (Sonic
source of renewable energy Ruptor 400), ultrasonic cleaner,
oven (Memmert), furnace, as well as
compared to conventional solar
a number of other laboratory
cells. Among the four major glassware.
components in DSSC system,
photoanode is the most important At first, the blue Morpho
part. Therefore, about 40.78% didius butterfly wings were
publications in the last 20 years are immersed in 6% HCl and NaOH
more focused on this topic. Among 10% in order to remove the proteins
the many publications on the and salts contained in it. The wings
improvement of the DSSC work, a then soaked in a solution of
novelty in the making of ethanol/PEG-PPG-PEG
(P123)/TiCl4 molar ratio of 21.703:
photoanoda biotemplates from the
0.017: 1, and in ultrasonikasi using
blue Morpho didius butterfly wing ultrasonicator system horn shakes
in situ has been developed to (Sonic Ruptor 400) of high intensity
improve light absorption capability with a pulser 50% And power 200
in the DSSC system [3]. Blue W at room temperature for 2 hours.
Morpho butterfly wings are highly The solution was then stirred using
promising to be applied in the magnetic stirrer for 5 hours at 45
DSSC system because the surface until the dry-gel was formed. Then,
of the wings have several complex the sample was calcined in a furnace
and sophisticated structures. The for 3 hours at a temperature of 450
with an average heating rate 1
wings consist of multilayer film
/ min. The replicated wings were
system in the form of chitin in
obtained after the chitin substrate
which the air layer has a different and other surfactant removed due
refractive index. In addition, the the direct reaction with air. This
structure can interact strongly with replication result is named MD-
visible light due to its structural TiO2.
features that are in the same range FTO glasses were cleaned
as the wavelength of light [4]. with alcohol 96% using the
Herein, we reported, the application ultrasonic cleaner to obtain a glass
of a replicated Morpho blue surface that is hydrophilic. Then, the
measured FTO glasses were
butterfly wings as photoanoda
measured its resistance in order to
biotemplate to the dye-sensitized
determine the conductive parts by
solar cell (DSSC) system. multimeter [5].
2. Experiment Electrode preparation and
2.1. Materials and method manufacture of DSSC were carried
out with the following details [6].
The Morpho didius butterfly The MD-TiO2 deposition process is
wings were purchased online (eBay- performed on a 2.5 x 2.5 cm FTO
Arizona, AS). HCl p.a (Merck), glass with a 1 x 1 cm active
NaOH (Merck), air deminerization deposition area above the
water, absolute ethanol (Merck), conductive surface. The FTO glass
PEG-PPG-PEG (Merck), TiCl4
iii
side was affixed with scotch tape as 2.2. Characterization
a barrier on three sides (right side,
left and top) with a racking method The samples were examined
at 0.05 m thickness. The MD-TiO2 by x-ray diffraction (XRD) on a
film was then immersed into the Rigaku Miniflex 600 x-ray
complex dye Ru N719 for 24 hours. diffractometer system operated at
It is intended that the Ru N719 600 W power (40 kV, 15 mA) with
complex dye can be optimally Cu K radiation ( = 1,5406 ). The
absorbed by the MD-TiO2 film. morphologies of the samples were
After undergoing a soaking process,
conducted using a Phenom Pro X
the MD-TiO2 film-coated FTO glass
is cleaned with absolute ethanol and scanning electron microscope (SEM)
then dried with a tissue. coupled with energy-dispersive X-
ray spectrometer (EDX) system.
Furthermore, the PEG/KI/ I2- Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR)
based electrolyte was prepared by spectra were obtained from KBr
mixing 0.8 grams of potassium pellets using a Shimadzu
Iodide into 10 ml acetonitrile spectrophotometer. Nitrogen
solution in a beaker, in a stirer for adsorption measurements at 77 K
15 minutes at a speed scale of 6. were performed using an Surface
Then add 0.127 grams of Iodine (I2)
area analyzer. The dye N719 was
to In the solution then distilled again
for 30 minutes. On the other hand, 7 analized by spectrophotometer UV-
grams of PEG-4000 were mixed Visibel at 400-500 nm while the
with 25 ml of chloroform, distilled DSSCs performance were
for 30 min. The liquid electrolyte determined from instrument Keithley
solution which has been made was I-V meter.
added to the polymer solution, then
stirred for 60 minutes at 85 . Store 3. Results and discussion
electrolyte solution in aluminum foil The original blue Morpho didius
coated cap [7] butterfly wings are consist of
The comparative electrode in lamillae (ridges) supported by
this study was FTO glass with cross-ribs and windows. The SEM
carbon-coated conductive surface. images show that the forming of
The function of carbon as a catalyst porous structure known as windows
to speed up the reaction in the
were completely done at the
DSSC. First of all, the FTO glass
magnification more than 20000xs
conductive window shading by
using 8B pencil evenly. Then, the (precisely at 21500x and 23000x).
glass was sintered over a candle
flame until all the layers of glass are
black due to the occurrence of the
carbon layer. Next the glass was
heated gradually up to 350 and
hold for 30 minutes. Then lower the
temperature to 70 . [8]. The DSSC XRD patterns showed that the
component was arranged in a MD-TiO2 sample formed the
sandwich, then clamped with 2 pins anatase phase by 57% wt. It can be
on each side of the right and left. seen from difractogram that
although the degree of crystallinity
iv
of MD-TiO2 is lower than that of successfully reduces unnecessary
commercial TiO2, but the anatase wing content. Then after replication
phase quantity on MD-TiO2 is of Blue Morpho didius butterfly
greater as well as its density value. wings (MD TiO2) there were only a
In the photocatalyst, the number of small intensity of -OH, CH and CO
anatase phases that are formed will functional groups and Ti-O-Ti
be better in absorbing light. This is functional groups.
because the anatase band-gap value
is greater when compared to the Based on calculation result of
rutile phase. It also affects the level Keithley I-V meter characterization
of material activity in carrying the showed that sample with mixture of
charge on the DSSC system. MD-TiO2 and TiO2 has the biggest
EDX characterization showed efficiency value that is 1,241%.
that the largest component of the
MD-TiO2 sample are oxygen and 4. Conclusions
titanium. This corresponds to the Based on the results of research
purpose of synthesis to replicate the that has been done, it can be
blue Morpho butterfly wings concluded that:
structure into a TiO2 powder. The
appearance of aluminum and 1. The sonochemical method can be
sodium elements is thought to be used to replicate the blue Morpho
the result of phase changes from the didius butterfly wings structure
paste form to solids through the really well, easily and quickly (in
calcination process. This situ)
calcination process also causes the
2. The application of blue Morpho
absence of carbon elements as the
didius butterfly replication on the
constituent elements of living
photoanoda can improve the
things. On the other hand, a small
efficiency and performance of the
amount of detected chlorine is
DSSC system
derived from the remaining TiCl4
precursor. 3. The 3rd DSSC prototype which is
consist of paste made by mixing
MD-TiO2 powder with TiO2 powder
has the best efficiency by 1.241%
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by
Kemeristekdikti, Nanobienergy
Laboratory, Chemistry Laboratory
From the FTIR spectra, the Blue and Sebelas Maret University. We
Morpho Didius butterfly wings (the also want to thank LIPI Biomaterial
original wings) have a great Bogor for the ultrasonicator Sonic
intensity compared to the treated Ruptor 400 instrument.
wings (pretreatment wings) with
the same functional group. This References
means that giving pretreatment Jiang, T., Peng, Z., Wu, Wenjun.,
v
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Gas sensing using hierarchical Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
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Sensors and Actuators A Kinerja Dye-Sensitized Solar
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Kim, J., Kim, T. Y., Park, K. H., Ultrasonikasi. Jurnal Fisika
Lee, J., Engineering, B., & Dan Aplikasinya, 11, 32-35.
Wing, B. (2015). Electron
Sengupta, D., Das, P., Mondal, B.,
Lifetimes in Hierarchically
dan Mukherjee, K. (2016).
Structured Photoelectrodes
Effects of doping, morphology
Biotemplated from Butterfly
and film-thickness of photo-
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