tnh ti trng ng t theo tiu chun XDVN 375: 2006

bng phng php phn tch ph phn ng

KS. L Xun Tng
Ging vin mn C hc t - Nn mng

TCXDVN 375- 2006: Thit k cng trnh chu ng t c bin son trn c s chp
nhn Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance c b sung hoc thay th
cc phn mang tnh c th Vit Nam. Ngy nay chng ta c th d bo ng t, dao ng
nn v xy dng bn phn vng gia tc trn ton lnh th quc gia. Trong phm vi tiu
chun ny, chuyn ng ng t ti mt im cho trc trn b mt c biu din bng
ph phn ng gia tc n hi, c gi tt l ph phn ng n hi. Phng php phn
tch ph phn ng (RSM) c p dng kh hiu qu phn tch ni lc v bin dng trong
phm vi ng x n hi tuyn tnh ca kt cu. Ni dung ca cch phn tch ny da trn
nguyn tc cng tc dng t cc dng dao ng c tnh da theo phn tch ng x ca h
dao ng t do.

I. Trnh t thit k: Trong :

Bc 1: Xc nh cc c trng dao ng Sd(T) ph thit k;
ring ca h kt cu (phn tch kt cu dao q h s ng x;
ng t do xc nh cc mode theo cc T Chu k dao ng ca h tuyn tnh
phng): chu k dao ng ring Tk v mt bc t do;
chuyn v s k ,i ca tng th i ng vi dng
ag Gia tc nn thit k trn nn loi A
dao ng th k. Cc c trng ny c th (ag = gI. agR);
c xc nh theo chng trnh phn tch
kt cu nh Sap 2000, Etabs... TB Gii hn di ca chu k, ng vi
on nm ngang ca ph phn ng
Bc 2: Xc nh ph gia tc thit k gia tc;
S d (T ) vi h s cn nht h = 5% cho v tr
TC Gii hn trn ca chu k, ng vi
xy dng cng trnh, ph thuc vo cc on nm ngang ca ph phn ng
thng s: nh gia tc nn quy c trn nn gia tc;
cng (loi A) a gR , loi nn t, h s tm TD Gi tr xc nh im bt u ca
quan trng ca cng trnh v h s ng x phn phn ng dch chuyn
ca kt cu q. khng i trong ph phn ng;
Tu theo chu k ca mi dng dao ng m S H s nn;
ph gia tc thit k S d (T ) s c xc nh b h s ng vi cn di ca ph
theo mt trong cc cng thc sau: thit k theo phng nm ngang,
2,5 b= 0,2.
TB T TC : S d (T ) = a g .S .
q (1) Bc 3: Xc nh lc ct ti chn cng trnh
ng vi dng dao ng th k:
Theo mi hng c phn tch, ng vi
2,5 TC mi dng dao ng, lc ct y ng t Fbk
= ag .S
TC T TD : S d (T ) q T phi c xc nh theo biu thc sau:
b .a
g (2) Fbk = S d (Tk ) * mk (4)
2,5 TC .TD Trong :
= ag .S
TD T : Sd (T ) q T2 Sd(Tk) - Tung ca ph tk ti chu k Tk
b .a Tk - Chu k dao ng th k ca nh v
g (3)
cng trnh ;

1
mk - Khi lng hiu dng ca nh v
cng trnh trn mng hoc trn nh ca
phn cng pha di, c tnh theo cng
thc:
2
n chn vt liu kt cu bng thp v thp -
mi .fi ,k
mk = i =n1 (5)
mi .fi2,k
i
Trong :
mi - Khi lng phn cng trnh t ti
im th k
f i,k - Chuyn v ngang t i ca trng tm
phn cng trnh th i ng vi dng dao ng
th k (ly ra t kt qu phn tch dao ng
bng phn mm Sap 2000, Etabs...)
T cng thc tnh ton khi lng hu
hiu mk ta chng minh c rng tng khi
lng hu hiu i vi tt c cc dao ng
theo mt phng bng khi lng kt cu.
Bc 4: Phn b lc ng t theo phng
ngang
Tc ng ng t phi c xc nh
bng cch t cc lc ngang Fi vo tt c
cc tng hai m hnh phng:
s i * mi
Fik = Fbk *
sj *mj
trong :
Fi,k Lc ngang tc dng ti tng th i
ng vi dao ng th k;
Fb Lc ct y ng t tnh theo (4) ;
si ; sj Ln lt l chuyn v ca cc khi
lng mi ; mj trong cc dng dao ng;
mi ; mj Khi lng ca cc tng.
Cc yu cu trong phng php
phn tch ph phn ng dao ng
Phi xt ti phn ng ca tt c cc
dng dao ng gp phn ng k vo phn
ng tng th ca nh. iu ny c thc
hin nu tho mn mt trong hai iu kin
sau:
- Tng khi lng hu hiu ca cc dng
dao ng c xt chim t nht 90% tng
khi lng kt cu.
- Tt c cc dng dao ng c khi lng
hu hiu ln hn 5% ca tng khi lng
u c xt n.
II. V d tnh ton v tnh ton ti trng
ng t theo TCXDVN 375 - 2006
M t cng trnh: Cng trnh c 42 tng
ni v 3 tng hm, cao n 150,3 m. La
btng lin hp, l mt trong nhng loi t
khng ch ngn cn
tr thit k kin
trc, to nn nhng
bc ct rng ri
thng thong, ph hp
vi cc i snh, siu
th, hi trng, nhng
vn c th chia nh,
phc v cho cc vn
phng lm vic bng
cc vch ngn nh
nhng. Cng trnh
c xy dng qun
Cu Giy - thnh ph
H Ni.
Cc bc tnh ton:
Bc 1: Xc nh chu k dao ng ring
Sau khi phn tch h kt cu dao ng
t do, ta thy nhng mode gp phn ng
k vo phn ng tng th ca cng trnh:
a. Theo phng Y - Y:
(6) + Dng dao ng bc 1 (mode 1), chim
63,38% tng dao ng theo phng Y
+ Dng dao ng bc 2 (mode 4), chim
12,22% tng dao ng theo phng Y
+ Dng dao ng bc 3 (mode 7), chim
5,02% tng dao ng theo phng Y
+ Dng dao ng bc 4 (mode 10), chim
4,85% tng dao ng theo phng Y
b. Theo phng X X:
+ Dng dao ng bc 1 (mode 2), chim
64,83% tng dao ng theo phng X
+ Dng dao ng bc 2 (mode 5), chim
11,10% tng dao ng theo phng X
+ Dng dao ng bc 3 (mode 8), chim
5,03% tng dao ng theo phng X
Bc 2: Xc nh ph gia tc thit k
S d (T ) .
Cng trnh c xy dng Phng
Quan Hoa - Qun Cu giy, nn t xy
dng thuc loi C, c dng ph phn ng
nh sau:
2

Gi tr ca ph phn ng m t n hi i
vi nn t loi C:
S = 1,15 ; TB(s) = 0,15 ; TC(s) = 0,6 ;
TD(s) = 2,0.
a. Gi tr gia tc nn trn nn loi A:
Gi tr nh gia tc nn tham chiu
trn nn loi A l a gR = 0,1032 * g (m / s 2 ) .
Cng trnh cao 42 tng thuc mc quan
trng cp I c h s tm quan trng
g 1 = 1,25 . Gi tr gia tc nn trn nn loi A
l:
a g = g 1.a gR = 1,25 * 0.1032* 9,81= 1,265m / s 2
b. H s ng x ca kt cu:
H s ng x q, l h s xt n kh
nng tiu tn nng lng ca kt cu, i
vi h kt cu u n th h s ng x q
c ly theo cc gii hn trn ca gi tr
tham chiu. Kt cu cng trnh c tng
cng thm h thng ging cho t di ln
trn, do cng trnh c cp do kt cu
theo quan nim b - cp do cao (DCH),
tng ng vi cp ny, h s ng x q = 4 .
c. Xc nh ph gia tc thit k S d (T ) ca
cc dng dao ng theo phng Y
- i vi dng dao ng bc 1 theo Y (ti
mode 1), chu k T = 3,95 s.
V T = 3,95 s > TD = 2s, nn Sd(T) c
tnh theo cng thc (3), vi:
a g = 1,265m / s 2 - gia tc nn thit k;
S = 1,15 - h s nn;
q=4 - h s ng x
T = 3,95s - chu k dao ng th nht
theo phng Y -Y ;
TC(s) = 0,6 - gii hn trn ca chu k,
ng vi on nm ngang ca ph phn ng
gia tc.
TD(s) = 2,0 - gi tr xc nh im bt
u ca phn phn ng dch chuyn khng
i trong ph phn ng.
b = 0.2 - h s ng x vi cn di
ca ph thit k theo phng ngang.
Thay s vo cng thc (3) ta c:
Sd(T1) = 0,253 (m/s2).
- i vi dng dao ng th hai (ti mode
4), chu k T = 1,75 s
V TC = 0,6 s < T = 1,75 s < TD = 2s, nn
Sd(T) c tnh theo cng thc (2):
Ta tm c: Sd(T2) = 0,312 (m/s2).
- i vi dng dao ng th ba (ti mode
7), chu k T = 0,89 s
V TC = 0,6 s < T = 0,89 s < TD = 2s, nn
Sd(T) c tnh theo cng thc (2):
Ta tm c Sd(T3) = 0,613 (m/s2).
- i vi dng dao ng th t (ti mode
10), chu k T = 0,63 s
V TC = 0,6 s < T = 0,63 s < TD = 2s, nn
Sd(T) c tnh theo cng thc (2):
Ta tm c: Sd(T4) = 0,866 (m/s2).
d. Xc nh ph gia tc thit k S d (T ) ca
cc dng dao ng theo phng X-X:
- i vi dng dao ng th nht (ti mode
1), chu k T = 3,35 s
V T = 3,35 s > TD = 2s, nn Sd(T) c
tnh theo cng thc (3):
Ta tm c: Sd(T1) = 0,253 (m/s2).
- i vi dng dao ng th hai (ti mode
5), chu k T = 1,41 s
V TC = 0,6 s < T = 1,41 s < TD = 2s, nn
Sd(T) c tnh theo cng thc (2):
Ta tm c: Sd(T4) = 0,387 (m/s2).
- i vi dng dao ng th ba (ti mode
8), chu k T = 0,75 s
V TC = 0,6 s < T = 0,75 s < TD = 2s, nn
Sd(T) c tnh theo cng thc (2):
Ta tm c: Sd(T4) = 0,727 (m/s2).
3
Bc 3: Lp bng tnh Lc ct y v Lc phn b tc dng ti cc cao trnh sn bng
Excel.
Theo phng Y-Y:
+ ng vi dng dao ng th nht (mode 1), T1Y = 3,95s :

S d (Tk ) mi fi mi .fi mi .f i2 mk Fbk Fk

Tng
2 (daN)
(m / s ) (m) (daN.m) (daN.m )2
(daN) (daN) (daN)

1 0.253 2056000 -1.72E-04 -3.54E+02 6.08E-02 2.45E+07 6.19E+06 5.6E+03

2 0.253 926000 -4.55E-04 -4.21E+02 1.92E-01 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 7.1E+03
3 0.253 926000 -7.59E-04 -7.03E+02 5.33E-01 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 1.2E+04
4 0.253 808500 -1.17E-03 -9.46E+02 1.11E+00 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 1.6E+04
5 0.253 808500 -1.68E-03 -1.36E+03 2.28E+00 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 2.3E+04
6 0.253 808500 -2.24E-03 -1.81E+03 4.06E+00 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 3.0E+04
7 0.253 808500 -2.83E-03 -2.29E+03 6.48E+00 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 3.8E+04
8 0.253 808500 -3.45E-03 -2.79E+03 9.62E+00 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 4.7E+04
9 0.253 808500 -4.09E-03 -3.31E+03 1.35E+01 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 5.6E+04
10 0.253 808500 -4.74E-03 -3.83E+03 1.82E+01 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 6.4E+04
11 0.253 808500 -5.39E-03 -4.36E+03 2.35E+01 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 7.3E+04
12 0.253 808500 -6.05E-03 -4.89E+03 2.96E+01 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 8.2E+04
13 0.253 808500 -6.71E-03 -5.43E+03 3.64E+01 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 9.1E+04
14 0.253 808500 -7.37E-03 -5.96E+03 4.39E+01 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 1.0E+05
15 0.253 808500 -8.01E-03 -6.48E+03 5.19E+01 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 1.1E+05
16 0.253 808500 -8.62E-03 -6.97E+03 6.01E+01 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 1.2E+05
17 0.253 926000 -9.14E-03 -8.46E+03 7.74E+01 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 1.4E+05
18 0.253 926000 -9.62E-03 -8.91E+03 8.57E+01 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 1.5E+05
19 0.253 808500 -1.01E-02 -8.17E+03 8.25E+01 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 1.4E+05
20 0.253 808500 -1.07E-02 -8.65E+03 9.26E+01 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 1.5E+05
21 0.253 808500 -1.14E-02 -9.22E+03 1.05E+02 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 1.6E+05
22 0.253 808500 -0.01204 -9.73E+03 1.17E+02 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 1.6E+05
23 0.253 808500 -1.27E-02 -1.03E+04 1.30E+02 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 1.7E+05
24 0.253 808500 -1.33E-02 -1.08E+04 1.43E+02 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 1.8E+05
25 0.253 808500 -1.39E-02 -1.12E+04 1.56E+02 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 1.9E+05
26 0.253 808500 -1.46E-02 -1.18E+04 1.72E+02 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 2.0E+05
27 0.253 808500 -0.01515 -1.22E+04 1.85E+02 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 2.1E+05
28 0.253 808500 -1.57E-02 -1.27E+04 1.99E+02 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 2.1E+05
29 0.253 808500 -1.63E-02 -1.32E+04 2.15E+02 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 2.2E+05
30 0.253 808500 -1.68E-02 -1.36E+04 2.28E+02 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 2.3E+05
31 0.253 808500 -1.73E-02 -1.40E+04 2.42E+02 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 2.4E+05
32 0.253 808500 -1.78E-02 -1.44E+04 2.56E+02 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 2.4E+05
33 0.253 808500 -1.83E-02 -1.48E+04 2.71E+02 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 2.5E+05
34 0.253 808500 -1.87E-02 -1.51E+04 2.83E+02 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 2.5E+05
35 0.253 808500 -0.01915 -1.55E+04 2.96E+02 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 2.6E+05
36 0.253 808500 -1.95E-02 -1.58E+04 3.07E+02 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 2.7E+05
37 0.253 808500 -1.99E-02 -1.61E+04 3.20E+02 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 2.7E+05
38 0.253 808500 -2.02E-02 -1.63E+04 3.30E+02 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 2.7E+05
39 0.253 926000 -2.05E-02 -1.90E+04 3.89E+02 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 3.2E+05

4
 40 0.253 900000 -2.07E-02 -1.86E+04 3.86E+02 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 3.1E+05
41 0.253 300000 -0.02109 -6.33E+03 1.33E+02 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 1.1E+05
42 0.253 75000 -2.14E-02 -1.61E+03 3.43E+01 2.60E+07 6.58E+06 2.7E+04
- ng vi dng dao ng bc 2:
Tm cc gi tr Lc ct y v lc tc dng mk 2 = 4290000daN
phn b ti cao sn ng vi cc dao ng
cn li c thc hin tng t nh trn. - ng vi dng dao ng bc 3:
T cc kt qu trn ta tnh c mk 1 = 1630000daN
tng cc khi lng hu hiu ca cc dng
Thay vo (8) ta c:
dao ng theo mi phng chim s % tng
khi lng kt cu: 26600000 + 4290000 + 1630000
* 100%
a. Kim tra i vi 4 dao ng phng Y 350000000
m ta tnh ton: = 92,9% > 90%
mk 1 + mk 2 + mk 3 + mk 4 Vy vi nhng dng dao ng c
42
* 100% > 90% (7) chn tnh ton ti trng ng t tham
mi 1
gia ng k vo phn ng tng th ca cng
trnh.
Nh tnh ton trn, ta c:
- ng vi dng dao ng bc 1: III. Kt lun:
mk 1 = 26000000daN Quy nh phng php phn tch ph
- ng vi dng dao ng bc 2: phn ng c p cho tt c cc loi nh
xc nh lc ng t tc dng ln cng
mk 2 = 4560000daN trnh. Do y l phng php kh mi i
vi cc k s xy dng nc ta hin nay,
- ng vi dng dao ng bc 3:
nn bo co c nhng nghin cu c th
mk 1 = 1640000daN ch dn cho k s thit k p dng c
d dng v hiu qu.
- ng vi dng dao ng bc 4:
mk 1 = 1140000daN
Tng khi lng cng trnh:
42
Ti liu tham kho:
m i = 350000000daN
1 [1] TCXDVN 375 - 2006. Thit k cng
Thay vo (7) ta c: trnh chu ng t Tiu chun thit k.
Nh xut bn Xy dng, H Ni, 2006.
26.106 + 456.104 + 164.104 + 114.104
*100% [2] TS inh Vn Thut. Phng php
35.107
phn tch ph phn ng trong thit k khng
= 95,26% > 90%
chn nh cao tng. Tp ch Xy dng.
b. Kim tra i vi 3 dao ng phng X Thng 8/2007.
m ta tnh ton: [3] L Xun Tng. Trung tm thng mi
mk 1 + m k 2 + mk 3 v Vn phng cao cp. n tt nghip K
42
*100% > 90% (7)
s Xy dng. Trng H Phng ng. H
mi1
Ni, 2006.
Nh tnh ton trn, ta c:
- ng vi dng dao ng bc 1:
mk 1 = 26600000daN