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Contents

1. Introduction
2. Types of bandage
3. Materials for bandage
4. Parameters affecting pressure
5. Bandaging technique
6. Major leading bandage manufacturing company
7. Innovation in bandaging
8. New challenges & scope
9. Result& conclusion
10. Bibliography

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A bandage is a piece of material used either to support a medical
device such as a dressing or splint, or on its own to provide support to
the body; it can also be used to restrict a part of the body. During heavy
bleeding or following a poisonous bite, it is important to slow the flow
of blood; tight bandages accomplish this task very well. Bandages are
available in a wide range of types, from generic cloth strips to
specialized shaped bandages designed for a specific limb or part of the
body, although bandages can often be improvised as the situation
demands, using clothing, blankets or other material.
In colloquial American English, the word "bandage" is often used to
mean a dressing, which is used directly on a wound, whereas a bandage
is technically only used to support a dressing, and not directly on a
wound.
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 A History of BAND-AID Brand Innovation
1920 BAND-AID Brand Adhesive Bandages make their first appearance on the market. They are made
by hand and are not a big hit. They were three inches wide and eighteen inches long. Only $3,000
worth were sold the first year.
1924 The little red string used to open BAND-AID Brand Adhesive Bandages wrappers makes its first
appearance.
1938 Completely sterile bandages are introduced.
1942 Millions of adhesive bandages go overseas as part of the war effort
1951 Plastic strips are introduced.
1956 Decorative bandages are introduced - "Stars and Strips" (not Stripes).
1957 Clear Strips bandages are introduced.
1963 Adhesive bandages go into space with Mercury astronauts
1994 . BAND-AID Brand SPORT STRIP Adhesive Bandages are introduced
1997 Introduction of BAND-AID Brand Antibiotic Adhesive Bandages, the first ever adhesive bandage to
have specially formulated antibiotic ointment right on the pad.
2000 BAND-AID Brand Advanced Healing is the latest generation in wound care available to consumers.
2002 Introduction of a revolutionary new concept from BAND-AID Brand the Liquid Bandage that
promotes fast healing on contact.
2006 Re-launch of plus Antibiotic with new look and more line extensions.

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 BANDAGING
Definition:
Bandaging is the process of covering a wound or an injured part.

Uses:
Bandages are used for following purposes:
To prevent contamination of wound by holding dressings in position.
To provide support to the part that is injured, dislocated joint.
To provide rest to the part that is injured.
To prevent & control hemorrhage.
To restrict movement / immobilize a fracture or a dislocation.
To correct deformity.
To maintain pressure e.g. elastic bandages applied to the improve
venous return.

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 TYPES OF BANDAGE
Simple elastic bandages
Light support bandages
Compression bandage
Orthopedic bandage

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Saturday, March 28, 2015 7
 Roller bandages
Various widths, lengths, and types
of material
Self-adhering, conforming bandages
Elastic, gauzelike
Gauze rollers
Nonelastic cotton
Elastic roller bandages
Provide compression

Triangular bandages
Slings
Cravats
Adhesive tape and strips

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PARTS OF ROLLAR BANDAGE:

Head
Free End or tail.

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Following terms are used in roller
bandaging
Simple spiral
Reverse spiral
Figure of eight.
Spica
1. Simple Spiral :
This type of bandage is used for uniform thickness part i.e. wrist or
finger. Each turn of the bandage overlaps the previous turn.

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 2.Reverse Spiral:
This bandage is used for the parts where the thickness varies e.g.
legs & forearms. It is applied in the same way as the general spiral
bandage, but each turn is reversed as necessary to prevent gaping &
to make the bandage smooth.
3.Figure of Eight:
This bandage is used for elbow & knee joints. This bandage is made
by forming two loops or oblique turns over a joint. The turns
alternately ascend & descend to cover the part.
4.Spica:
It is a form of the figure of eight bandage. The turn is larger than the
other. It is used for joints at right angles to the body, e.g. the
shoulder, groin, thumb.

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GENERAL PRINCIPLES: -
Select a bandage of proper size & suitable material.
Put the patient in a comfortable position.
Support the injured area while bandaging.
If a joint is involved, flex it slightly.
Face the patient while applying the bandage, except when
applying it to the head. Hold the roll of the bandage in the right
hand when applying bandage on the left side, Hold the bandage
with the roll uppermost & apply the outer surface to the skin,
unrolling a few centimeters of the bandage at a time.
Put some cotton wool on the part to be bandaged so that the
bandage does not slip or cause cutting into the skin underneath.
Bandage from below upward, & from within outward.
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Steps of applying rollar bandage:

Fixing
Rolling
Securing

Checking circulation after bandaging

Pressing nail
Checking pulse
Tingling, coldness, inability to move fingers

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 TYING THE BANDAGE

For tying the bandage a reef knot must be always

used.
Knot should not cause discomfort.
Tuck the loose ends of bandage out of sight

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 Elastic Bandages
Gauze, cotton cloth, elastic wrapping
Length and width vary and are used according to
body part and size
Sizes ranges 2, 3, 4, 6 inch width and 6 or 10 yard
lengths
Should be stored rolled
Bandage selected should be free from wrinkles,
seams and imperfections that could cause irritation

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Continue
Elastic bandages- extensible and very useful with
sports; active bandages allowing for movement; can
provide support and compression for wound healing

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 Elastic Bandage application
Hold bandage in preferred hand with loose end
extending from bottom of roll
Back surface of loose end should lay on skin surface
Pressure and tension should be standardized
Anchor are created by overlapping wrap
Start anchor at smallest circumference of limb

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 Elastic bandages can be used to provide
support for a variety scenarios:

Ankle and foot spica

Spiral bandage (spica)
Groin support
Shoulder spica
Elbow figure-eight
Gauze hand and wrist
figure-eight
Cloth ankle wrap

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 Triangle and Cravat Bandages
Cotton cloth that can be substituted if roller bandages
not available
First aid device, due to ease and speed of application
Primarily used for arm slings
Cervical arm sling
Shoulder arm sling
Sling and swathe

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 Triangular Bandages
Can be used as a cold compress or for padding when
they are made into a pad.

When folded up they can be used to provide support

or pressure.

When unfolded they can be used as a support sling or

cover bandage.

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 Parts of Triangularlar Bandage
POINT

END (BASE) END

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Applying a Cravat Bandage to the Head

Place middle of bandage

over the dressing and
wrap around the head.

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 Wrap center of bandage
over the dressing.
Turn one end going up the
extremity and the other end
going down.
Tie bandage over dressing.

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 Cross the two ends
snugly.
Bring ends back
around and tie knot.

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 Applying an Adhesive Strip

Remove wrapping, and

hold by protective strips.
Peel back protective
strips, and place on
wound.
Pull away protective
strips, and press ends and
edges down.

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 Classification of Compression
Bandages
Sr . No. Bandage type Selected Pressure (mm
names Hg)

1 Light compression 3A J-Plus, K-Crepe Upto 20

2 Moderate compression3B Setopress, 21-30

Surepress

3 High compression 3C Tensopress 31-40

4 Extra high compression 3D Blue Line Webbing 41-60

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 SIZES OF BANDAGE:
The size of the bandage varies according to the part it is supposed
to bandage

Part to be Bandaged Width(Cm) Length (Mts)

Head 5 4 to 6
Trunk 10 to 15 6 to 8
Leg 6 to 8 4
Arm 5 to 6 3 to 4
Fingers 2.5 2
Hand 5 3
Wrist 5 3

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 MATERIALS COMMONLY
USED FOR BANDAGES:
Cotton
Cotton Gauze
Jute
Wool
Special materials like crape bandage, elastic
bandage.

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Type of Fibres used Type of
bandage process

Simple elastic Cotton, Viscose, Polyamide, Elastomeric yarns W,K

bandages

Light support W,K

Cotton, Viscose, Elastomeric yarns
bandages

Compression Cotton, Viscose, Polyamide, Elastomeric yarns W,K

bandages

Orthopedic Cotton, Viscose, Polyester, Polypropylene, W, NW

bandage polyurethane forms

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 Parameters affecting Pressure
1. .

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 Bandaging Technique

Spiral Herring Bone

Circular

Recurrent Turn
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Heel Lock 31
Major leading bandage manufacturing
company

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Saturday, March 28, 2015 33
Innovation in Bandaging
1. The new bandage, called the Emergency Bandage,
was developed by First Care Products,
American forces are now using an advanced new
bandage, developed in Israel, that can save lives by
stopping traumatic hemorrhaging wounds.
2. ProGuide* is a multi-layer compression bandage for
venous leg ulcers and associated conditions.
ProGuide offers the following benefits:
All the advantages of Vari-stretch compression
The effective level of compression is consistently
achieved
Sustained compression for up to 7 days
Innovative layer system
ProGuide 18-22cm 22-28cm 28-32cm
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 Continue.
3 .An Inject able Bandage Can Stop Heavy Bleeding in 15
Seconds
New technology developed for the military has the potential to
save soldiers from fatal gunshot wounds.
For that, Steinbaugh credits students at Harvey Mudd
College, who worked with RevMedX to fabricate a spongy
material thats coated with an antimicrobial clotting agent
called chitosan. As the sponges soak up blood and
expand within the wound, they clump together, becoming one
firm mass that prevents excessive bleeding while
simultaneously accelerating the clotting process. Additionally,
the sponges are individually marked with an "X" symbol thats
visible under x-rays, making it easy for the surgeons to locate
and remove them.
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Continue.
4. HERO H-2 is a two-layer compression bandage system,
designed for venous and mixed aetiology ulcers. It consists of
a unique moisturising and odour reducing cohesive
compression foam layer and an inelastic cohesive compression
bandage which lock together to be more securea
completely fresh approach to compression bandaging!
Layer 1 consists of a gentle, conformable cohesive absorbent
foam bandage which contains pure Aloe with moisturising
properties to reduce the dry skin associated with chronic
venous ulcers and cyclodextrin to help bind odour and give off
a fresh scent.

Layer 2 is a unique, hand tearable, light tan, inelastic cohesive
bandage designed to produce graduated, therapeutically
effective compression. The two layers lock together to
maintain compression and reduce slippage.

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5. Quick and easy grip-pull-stick system makes bandage application a
snap - with less mess and no loose tabs.
One handed application minimizes contamination risk.
Easy Access Bandages are secured in portable packs organized by
size. Packs stay organized, are easy to find and slip easily into a purse
or pocket without damage to the bandages.
Simplify Your Life
Easy one-handed application
Easy to find - packs organized by size
Easy to carry - bandages secured in portable packs
Less mess - no loose tabs
Less contamination risk
Latex free
Sterile

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 Bandage Dress

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 New new challenges & scope

Self pressure maintain bandage

research on bandage for hot and humid weather
conditions.
Effect of body fat, age, sex and race on the interface
pressure development not understood.
More techno economical afford to produce better
quality with cheap price.
Made in India

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 Result& conclusion
With correct compression therapy it is possible to heal more
than 90% of leg ulcers.
If improper and widely varying pressure is applied by
inexperienced doctor or nurse that may lead to amputation of
leg
So correct pressure profiling of bandage is extremely
important for effective treatment
High scope of research
Better standards for research institutes

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 The time you take to apply a bandage
is important.
Timing is the difference between life and death.

Or

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Bibiliography
Monica Puri Sikka*, Subrato Ghosh, Arunangshu
Mukhopadhyay (2013 ),Geometry of the bandaging
procedure and its application while wrapping bandages for
treatment of leg ulcers, 2013, 6, 1186-1190
http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jbise.2013.612148
S rajendran & s c anand contribution of textile to metical
textile and health care products and developing innovative
product IJFTR vol no. 31 march 2006 pp. 215-229
Geest, A.J., Veraart, J.C.J.M., Nelesmans, P., The effect of
medical elastic compression stockings with different slope
values on edema, Dermatol Surgery, 2000, 26, pp. 244-47
Morton, W.E., Hearle, W.S., PhysicalProperties of Textile
Fibers, 1993, the Textile Institute, Manchester
www.slideshare.com

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