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2 Inductia!!!!!!!!!
2 Inductia!!!!!!!!!
2 Inductia!!!!!!!!!
Metoda induciei
A. Egaliti
P(n): 1+2+3+...+n=n(n+1)/2 n1
P(n+1):1+2+3...+n+(n+1)=(n+1)(n+2)/2
n(n+1)/2+(n+1)=(n+1)(n+2)/2
(n+1)(n+2)/2=(n+1)(n+2)/2 (A)
I+II P(n) (A) n1
Deci: 1+2+3...+n = k =
n(n+1)/2 , n1
I+IIP(n) (A) n1
13+23+33+...+n3= [n(n+1)/2]2 n1
I+IIP(n) (A) n1
13+23+33+...+n3=k3 =
[n(n+1)/2]2, n1
a1+a2+..+ana1+a2+...+an
n2
ex 1: S=14+27+310+...+n(3n+1)
=k(3k+1) = 3k2+k = 3k2+k = 3k2+
= 3n(n+1)(2n+1) /6+n(n+2)/2
= n(n+1)(2n+1)+n(n+2)/2
= n(n+1)(2n+1+1)/2
= n(n+1)2
ex 2: p(n): 14+27+...n(3n+1)=n(n+1)2 n1
I P(1): 1C4=1(1+1)2 4=4 (A)
II P(n) P(n+1):14+27+...+n(3n+1)+(n+1)(3n+4)=(n+1)(n+2)2
n(n+1)2+(n+1)(3n+4) = (n+1)(n+2)2
(n+1)(n2+n+3n+4) = (n+1)(n+2)2
I+IIP(n) (A) n1
ex 3: p(n): 1/(13)+1/(35)+...+1/[(2n-1)(2n+1)]=n/(2n+1)
1/[(2k-1)(2k+1)]=1/2 [1/(2k-1)-1/(2k+1)] 1/[(2k-1)(2k+1)]=n/(2n+1)
S1=1/(13)=1/3
S2=S1+1/(13)=2/5
S3=S2+1/(57)=3/7
I P(1): 1/3=1/(21+1)
II P(k) P(k+1)
P(k+1): 1/(13)+1/(35)+...+ 1/[(2n-1)(2n+1)]+1/[(2n+1)(2n+3)]=(n+1)/(2n+3)
n/(2n+1)+1/[(2n+1)(2n+3)]=(n+1)/(2n+3)
[n(2n+3)+1]/[(2n+1)(2n+3)]=(n+1)/(2n+3)
(2n2+3n+1)/[(2n+1)(2n+3)]= (n+1)/(2n+3)
[(n+1)(2n+1)]/[(2n+3)(2n+1)]=(n+1)/(2n+3) (A)
I+IIP(n) (A) n1
ex 1: p(n): 2n>n2 ; n5
ex 2: p(n): 1/(n+2)+1/(n+2)+...+1/(2n)>13/24 n2
I P(2): 1/3 +1/(2+2)>13/24 7/12>13/24 14/24 >13/24 (A)
II P(n+1): 1/(n+2)+1/(n+3)+..+1/(2n)+1/(2n+1)+1/(2n+2)>13/24
>13/24-1/(n+1)+1/(2n+1)+1/(2n+2)
=13/24-1/(2n+2)+1/(2n+1)
= 13/24 +1/[2(n+1)(2n+1)]
1/[2(n+1)(2n+1)]>0 13/24 +1/[2(n+1)(2n+1)]>13/24
I +IIP(n) adevrata n2
ex 1: p(n): 10n+18n-28 : 27 n0
I P(0): -27 :27 (A)
II P(n) (A) P(n+1): 10n+1+18(n+1)-28 :27
10n+18n-28=27p10n+1+18n-10=27q
10n= 27p -18n+28
10n+1+18n-10=1010n+18n-10=10(27p -18n+28)+18n-10
=1027p-180n+280+18n-10
=1027p-162n+270=27(10p-6n+10)=27q
I+IIP(n) (A) n0