Econ & Ss 2013 e PDF

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL STATISTICS
OF SRI LANKA 2013
CENTRAL BANK OF SRI LANKA

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL STATISTICS
of SRI LANKA
2013
Central Bank of Sri Lanka

Statistics Department
P. O. Box 590
Colombo, Sri Lanka.
Tel. : 2477377
Fax : 2477728
E-mail : dst@cbsl.lk
Web site : http://www.cbsl.gov.lk
Volume XXXV
ISSN 1391 - 3611
ISBN 978 - 955 - 575 - 265 - 7
April 2013
Price : Rs. 300/-
Printed at Central Bank Printing Press, 58, Sri Jayewardenepura Mw., Rajagiriya, Sri Lanka.
Published by Statistics Department
Central Bank of Sri Lanka, 30, Janadhipathi Mawatha, Colombo 01, Sri Lanka.
Table of CONTENTS
Page
1. Key Socio-Economic Indicators

1.1 Sri Lanka Country Profile 1
1.2 Real Sector 1
1.3 Agriculture and Industry 2
1.4 Prices and Wages 2
1.5 External Sector 3
1.6 Money and Money Rates 4
1.7 Money and Capital Markets 4
1.8 Government Finance 5
1.9 Financial Institutions 5
1.10 Infrastructure 8

2. Climate
2.1 Mean Temperature 9
2.2 Rainfall and Rainy Days Hydro-Catchment Areas 9
2.3 Rainfall and Rainy Days Selected Stations 10
2.4 Humidity 11

3. Population and Labour Force
3.1 Population by District and Sector 1981, 2001 and 2012 12
3.2 Population by Religion and Ethnicity Census Years 12
3.3 Population by District, Religion and Ethnicity 2012 Census 13
3.4 Population by Age Group 13
3.5 Population by Province and District 14
3.6 Population Density 15
3.7 Vital Statistics 15
3.8 Crude Birth Rates and Death Rates by District 16
3.9 Labour Force 17
3.10 Employment 18
3.11 Unemployment 19
3.12 Public Sector Employment 20
3.13 Migration for Foreign Employment 21
3.14 Departures for Foreign Employment by Country 22
3.15 Departures for Foreign Employment by Skill Level, Age Group and Gender 23
3.16 Departures for Foreign Employment by District, Province and Gender 24

4. National Accounts
4.1 Summary of National Accounts 25
4.2 GDP, GNP and Deflators (Factor Cost Prices) 1960 2012 26
4.3 Gross Domestic Product at Constant Factor Cost Prices 1960 2012 27
4.4 Gross Domestic Product at Current Factor Cost Prices 1960 2012 28
4.5 Gross National Product by Industrial Origin at Constant (2002) Prices of Major Economic Activities 29
4.6 Gross National Product by Industrial Origin at Current Prices of Major Economic Activities 30
4.7 Composition of Gross Domestic Product at Current Prices 31
4.8 Investment and Savings (Current Market Prices) 32
4.9 Quarterly Estimates of GDP [at Constant (2002) Prices] 32
4.10 Aggregate Demand 33
4.11 Provincial Gross Domestic Product by Industrial Origin at Current Prices 34
4.12 Provincial Gross Domestic Product by Industrial Origin at Current Prices 2010 35
4.13 Provincial Gross Domestic Product by Industrial Origin at Current Prices 2011 36

5. Agriculture
5.1 Tea 37
5.2 Rubber 38
5.3 Coconut 39
5.4 Minor Export Crops 40
(Continued)
(iii)
TabLE of Contents (Continued)
Page
5.5 Paddy 41
5.6 Subsidiary Food Crops 42
5.7 Principal Crops by Province 43
5.8 Agricultural Crops Yields, Farmgate Prices and Costs of Cultivation 2011 44
5.9 Agricultural Crops Yields, Farmgate Prices and Costs of Cultivation 2012 45
5.10 Fish and Livestock 46
5.11 National Livestock Statistics by District 2011 47
5.12 National Livestock Statistics by District 2012 47
5.13 Livestock and Poultry Average Producer Prices 2011 48
5.14 Livestock and Poultry Average Producer Prices 2012 48
5.15 Fish Production by Province 49
5.16 Operating Fishing Craft by Province and Type 49
5.17 Cultivation Loans Refinance Credit Schemes 50
5.18 Plantation Sector Manpower, Extent, Production and Yield 51
5.19 Settlements and Land Cultivated under Mahaweli Programme 52

6. Industry
6.1 Industrial Production 53
6.2 Sugar 53
6.3 Milk and Milk Products 54
6.4 Textiles 54
6.5 Petroleum 55
6.6 Minerals 55
6.7 Cement 56
6.8 Electricity 56
6.9 Gross Generation of Electricity by Power Stations 2010 and 2011 57
6.10 Electricity Sales by Province 58
6.11 Water Consumers, Consumption and Revenue by Province 59
6.12 Board of Investment (BOI) Enterprises 61

7. Prices and Wages
7.1 Consumer Price Indices 62
7.2 Wholesale Price Index 62
7.3 Colombo Consumers' Price Index (1952=100) 63
7.4 Average Retail Prices of Selected Consumer Items 64
7.5 Average Retail Prices of Selected Food Items by Provinces 66
7.6 Average Producer Prices of Selected Items 67
7.7 Average Producer Prices of Selected Food Items by Provinces 68
7.8 Retail Prices of Selected Food Items in Selected Districts 2011 69
7.9 Retail Prices of Selected Food Items in Selected Districts 2012 70
7.10 Nominal Wage Rate Indices 1961 2012 71
7.11 Average Daily Wage Rates in Selected Activities 72
7.12 Minimum Wage Rate Indices of Workers in Wages Board Trades 73
7.13 Wage Rate Indices of Government Employees 73
7.14 All Island Average Wages in the Informal Sector 2011 74
7.15 All Island Average Wages in the Informal Sector 2012 74
7.16 Cost Indices for Construction 75

8. External Trade and Finance
8.1 Summary of External Trade 76
8.2 Selected Exports 77
8.3 Selected Imports 77
8.4 Imports by Major Categories 78
8.5 Direction of Trade Exports 79
8.6 Direction of Trade Imports 80
8.7 Central Bank Trade Indices Volume 81
8.8 Central Bank Trade Indices Value 81
8.9 Central Bank Trade Indices Unit Value 82
(Continued)
(iv)
Page
8.10 Exchange Rates Year End 82

8.11 Balance of Payments 83
8.12 Financing of the External Resources Gap 85
8.13 Workers Remittances 86
8.14 Tourism 87
8.15 External Debt and Debt Service Payments 88
9. Money and Capital Markets

9.1 Reserve Money 89
9.2 Money Supply 90
9.3 Broad Money Supply (M2b) 91
9.4 Interest Rates 92
9.5 Government Debt Market 93
9.6 Share Market Indicators 94
9.7 Share Issues 95
9.8 Share Trading Indicators by Business Sector 96
9.9 Share Trading Indicators by Major Companies 100
10. Government Finance

10.1 Summary of Fiscal Operations 102
10.2 Functional Classification of Current Expenditure 103
10.3 Functional Classification of Capital Expenditure and Lending 103
10.4 Government Revenue 104
10.5 Government Domestic Debt 104
10.6 Government Foreign Debt 105
10.7 Revenue and Expenditure of Provincial Councils 106
11. Banking and Financial Institutions

11.1 Assets and Liabilities of the Central Bank 107
11.2 Selected Financial Highlights of Commercial Banks 108
11.3 Assets and Liabilities of Commercial Banks 109
11.4 Mobilization of Deposits by Type of Deposit 110
11.5 Deposits of Commercial Banks by Ownership 110
11.6 Commercial Banks Loans and Advances to the Private Sector 111
11.7 Number of Bank Branches by Province 112
11.8 Banking Density by District 113
11.9 Bank Branch Network 114
11.10 Non-Bank Financial Institutions 115
11.11 Unit Trusts 116
11.12 Summary of Rural / Regional Development Banks 117
11.13 Summary of Co-operative Rural Banks and Credit Societies 117
12. Transportation
12.1 Road Network 118
12.2 Road Kilometerage by Province and District 118
12.3 Road Kilometerage by Province 119
12.4 Motor Vehicles by Province 120
12.5 New Registration of Motor Vehicles 121
12.6 SLTB / Regional Bus Companies 121
12.7 Sri Lanka Railways 122
12.8 Aviation Air Lanka / Sri Lankan Airlines 123
12.9 Port Services 123
12.10 Selected Public Transport Indicators by Province 124

13. Socio Economic Services
13.1 National Level Findings of the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES)
by Survey Period Sri Lanka 125
(Continued)
(v)
Page
13.2 Average Monthly Household Expenditure on Selected Food/Non-Food Items by

HIES Survey Period Sri Lanka 126
13.3 Poverty Indicators by Sector, Province and District 127
13.4 Daily Dietary Average Energy Consumption per Person by Poverty Status, Sector, Province and District
2006/07 and 2009/10 128
13.5 Housing Conditions and Ownership of Durable Goods 2006/07 and 2009/10 129
13.6 Key Socio-Economic Indicators 2006/07 and 2009/10 132
13.7 General Education 135
13.8 Teachers and Pupils by Province and District 136
13.9 Government Schools by Size of Student Population 137
13.10 Government School Teachers by Category of Appointment 139
13.11 Students and New Admissions in Government Schools 141
13.12 Government Schools by Type, Pupils and Teachers 142
13.13 Performance of Candidates GCE (O/L) and GCE (A/L) 142
13.14 GCE (O/L) Examination Performance of School Candidates 143
13.15 GCE (A/L) Examination Performance of School Candidates 143
13.16 University Education 144
13.17 Eligibility, Admission and Enrollment of Students for University Education 145
13.18 University Admission by Province and District 146
13.19 University Admission by Academic Stream and District 147
13.20 University Admission by Academic Stream and Ethnicity 149
13.21 Technical Colleges 150
13.22 Health Services 151
13.23 Selected Public Health Personnel 152
13.24 Public Health Personnel by District 2010 153
13.25 Activities of Health Campaigns 154
13.26 Postal Services 155
13.27 Telecommunication Services 156
13.28 Mass Media 156
13.29 Prisoners 157
13.30 Prisoners by District 158
13.31 Selected Demography of Prisoners 159

14. Sri Lanka and Asia
14.1 Demographic Indicators: SAARC Countries 160
14.2 Demographic Indicators: Selected East Asian Countries 160
14.3 National Accounts Indicators: SAARC Countries 161
14.4 National Accounts Indicators: Selected East Asian Countries 162
14.5 Agricultural and Industrial Indicators: SAARC Countries 163
14.6 Agricultural and Industrial Indicators: Selected East Asian Countries 163
14.7 Inflation: Sri Lanka and Selected Countries 164
14.8 External Trade and Finance Indicators: SAARC Countries 165
14.9 External Trade and Finance Indicators: Selected East Asian Countries 166
14.10 Monetary and Fiscal Indicators: SAARC Countries 167
14.11 Monetary and Fiscal Indicators: Selected East Asian Countries 168
14.12 Social Indicators: SAARC Countries 169
14.13 Social Indicators: Selected East Asian Countries 169
14.14 Doing Business Ranking - 2013 : SAARC Countries 170
14.15 Doing Business Ranking - 2013 : Selected East Asian Countries 170
15. World Tables

15.1 World Tea Production Land Area, Exports and Imports 171
15.2 Growth of Real GDP 173
15.3 Consumer Price Changes 174
15.4 Exports 175
15.5 Imports 176
15.6 Human Development Index (HDI) and Sub Indices of HDI 2012 177
15.7 Human Development Index 178

(vi)
Key Socio-Economic Indicators Table 1.1
Sri Lanka Country Profile
AREA Sq. Km. 000 ha. Mn. Acres ECONOMY 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Gross 65,610 6,561.0 16.2 Real Sector
Excluding Inland Waters 62,705 6,270.5 15.5 GDP at Market Prices, Rs. Bn 4,835 5,604 6,544 7,582
US $ Bn 42.1 49.6 59.2 59.4
Climate Per Capita GDP, Rs.
236,445 271,346 313,576 373,001
Temperature : C (F) Low Country, min. 24.3 (75.7) max. 32.3 (90.1) US $ 2,057 2,400 2,836 2,923
(2012) Hill Country, min. 18.0 (64.4) max. 27.3 (81.1) Growth of GDP (in Real Terms), % 3.5 8.0 8.2 6.4
Annual Rainfall (Avg.) (2012) : 1,634 mm
Sectoral Composition of GDP, %
Demography Agriculture 12.0 11.9 11.2 11.1
Population Mid year (b) (000) 20,869 (2011) 20,328* (2012) Industry 28.6 28.7 29.3 30.4
Population Growth (%) 1.0 (2011) n.a. (2012) Services 59.3 59.3 59.5 58.5
Province Population 000 Land Area Density of Unemployment, % of Labour Force 5.8(d) 4.9(d) 4.2(d) 4.0(e)
(2012) (Sq. km.) Population
Money and Inflation
Western 5,836 3,593 1,624
Central 2,568 5,575 461 Inflation (f) :Change of CCPI Annual (Avg.),
% 3.5 6.2 6.7 7.6
Southern 2,473 5,383 459 Money Stock M2b , Rs. Bn 1,806.2 2,091.4 2,491.7 2,929.1
Northern 1,062 8,290 128 M2b Growth, % 18.6 15.8 19.1 17.6
Eastern 1,558 9,361 166
North Western 2,378 7,506 317 External Sector
North Central 1,264 9,741 130
Exports (Goods & Services) Rs. Bn 1,031 1,254 1,509 1,729
Uva 1,265 8,335 152
Sabaragamuwa 1,925 4,921 391 US $ Mn 8,977 11,100 13,643 13,562
Total 20,328 62,705 324 Imports (Goods & Services) Rs. Bn 1,345 1,720 2,461 2,765
Composition of Population (2012 Census) US $ Mn 11,708 15,218 22,254 21,721
External Assets (g) Rs. Bn 804.2 956.5 910.0 1,091.7
By Ethnicity % By Religion % US $ Mn 7,030 8,621 7,989 8,585
Sinhalese 74.9 Buddhist 70.2 2,135 2,379 2,984 3,754
External Debt Rs. Bn
Sri Lankan Tamils 11.2 Hindu 12.6
Indian Tamils 4.2 Islam 9.7 US $ Mn 18,662 21,438 25,002 28,441
Moors 9.2 Christian 7.4 % of GDP 44.1 42.4 45.6 49.5
Others 0.5 Other 0.1 Exchange Rate (Avg.) Rs./ US $ 114.94 113.06 110.57 127.60
By Age Groups % Rs./ SDR 177.22 172.50 174.54 195.38
0 - 14 25.8 Fiscal Sector
Dependency Ratio 61.3 15 - 54 62.0
55 & Above 12.2 Revenue and Grants Rs. Bn 725.6 834.2 949.9 1,003.9
Expenditure & Net Lending Rs. Bn
1,201.9 1,280.2 1,400.1 1,492.9
SOCIAL INDICATORS
Budget Deficit Rs. Bn
-476.4 -446.0 -450.2 -489.0
Human Development Index (2012) 0.715 (min. 0.0, max. 1.0) % of GDP -9.9 -8.0 -6.9 -6.4
Average Male Female
Life Expectancy, Years (2011) 74.9 Public Debt Rs. Bn
4,161.4 4,590.2 5,133.4 6,000.1
Literacy Rate (c), % (2010) 91.9 93.2 90.8 % of GDP 86.2 81.9 78.5 79.1
(a) Provisional. (b) Provisional estimates from Registrar Generals office on the based of the Census of Population and Housing 2001.
(c) Based on Labour Force Survey conducted by the Department of Census and Statistics (DCS). (d) Including Eastern province but excluding Northern province.
(e) Data covers the entire island. (f) 2006/07 = 100 (g) Calculated at market value and includes Asian Clearing Union receipts.
* Based on Census of Population and Housing carried out in 2012, covering the entire island.
n.a. Not available Table 1.2
Real Sector
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Demography
Population, 000 19,435 19,644 19,858 20,039 20,217 20,450 20,653 20,869 20,328 (b)
Population Growth, % 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 n.a.
Labour Force, Participation Rate %
(% of Household Population) 48.6 (c) 48.3 (d) 51.2 (e) 49.8 (e) 49.5 (f) 48.7 (f) 48.1 (f) 47.8 (d) 47.2 (d)
Unemployment, % of Labour Force 8.3 (c) 7.7 (d) 6.5 (e) 6.0 (e) 5.4 (f) 5.8 (f) 4.9 (f) 4.2 (d) 4.0 (d)
National Accounts
GNP (Market Prices) : Rs. Bn. 2,070 2,423 2,898 3,540 4,306 4,779 5,534 6,472 (g) 7,434
US $ Bn. 20.5 24.1 27.9 32.0 39.7 41.6 49.0 58.5 (g) 58.3
Per Capita GNP : Rs. 106,367 123,181 145,744 176,893 212,972 233,716 267,967 310,124 (g) 365,699
US $ 1,051 1,226 1,402 1,599 1,966 2,033 2,370 2,805 (g) 2,866
GDP (Market Prices) : Rs. Bn. 2,091 2,453 2,939 3,579 4,411 4,835 5,604 6,544 (g) 7,582
US $ Bn. 20.7 24.4 28.3 32.4 40.7 42.1 49.6 59.2 (g) 59.4
Real GDP Growth, % 5.4 6.2 7.7 6.8 6.0 3.5 8.0 8.2 (g) 6.4
GDP by Sectors,%
Agriculture 13.0 12.5 12.3 11.9 12.1 12.0 11.9 11.2 (g) 11.1
Industry 27.7 28.1 28.2 28.5 28.4 28.6 28.7 29.3 (g) 30.4
Services 59.3 59.4 59.5 59.6 59.5 59.3 59.3 59.5 (g) 58.5
Expenditure and Savings, % of GDP
Consumption 83.6 82.1 83.0 82.4 86.1 82.1 80.7 84.6 (g) 83.0
Government Consumption 12.6 13.1 15.4 15.3 16.2 17.6 15.6 14.8 (g) 13.5
Investment 25.3 26.8 28.0 28.0 27.6 24.4 27.6 30.0 (g) 30.6
Government Investment 2.7 4.4 4.1 5.4 6.5 6.6 6.2 6.3 (g) 6.9
Domestic Savings 16.4 17.9 17.0 17.6 13.9 17.9 19.3 15.4 (g) 17.0
National Savings 22.0 23.8 22.3 23.3 17.8 23.7 25.3 22.0 (g) 24.0
(a) Provisional. (d) All the districts are included.

(b) Based on Census of Population and Housing carried out in 2012. (e) Excluding Northern and Eastern provinces.
(c) Excluding Mullaitivu and Kilinochchi districts. (f) Including Eastern province but excluding Northern province.
(g) Revised.
1
Agriculture and Industry
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Principal Agricultural Production

Paddy, M.T. 000 2,628 3,246 3,342 3,131 3,875 3,652 4,301 3,894 3,846
Bushels, Mn. 126 156 160 150 186 175 206 187 184
Tea, Mn. Kgs. 309 317 311 305 319 291 331 328 328
Rubber, Mn. Kgs. 95 104 109 118 129 137 153 158 152
Coconut, Mn. Nuts 2,591 2,515 2,785 2,869 2,909 2,853 2,584 2,808 2,940
Agricultural Exports, Rs. Bn. (b) 108.0 116.0 134.5 182.5 213.1 210.1 260.6 279.5 297.7
Tea 74.9 81.5 91.7 113.6 137.6 136.2 162.8 164.9 180.4
Rubber 5.2 4.7 9.7 12.1 13.5 11.3 19.6 22.8 15.7
Coconut 11.5 11.4 12.9 14.2 15.7 18.6 18.7 29.4 26.6
Other Agricultural Crops 16.4 18.4 20.2 42.7 46.3 43.9 59.5 62.4 75.0
Value Added in Industry (2002 Constant Prices), Rs. Bn.
296.3 315.3 333.4 355.6 373.2 385.9 414.9 449.2 472.7
Value Added in Industry (2002 Current Prices), Rs. Bn. 351.5 435.0 516.4 605.5 721.0 795.0 916.4 1,084.3 1,233.2
Industrial Production Index (2010=100) (c) n.a. n.a. 117.9 89.6 89.5 86.6 100.0 107.2 108.4
Industrial Exports, Rs. Bn. (b) 457.2 497.7 562.5 657.1 662.2 600.6 688.8 883.8 938.8
Textiles & Garments 285.2 291.1 320.8 369.2 377.0 374.6 379.2 463.5 508.6
Petroleum Products 10.1 13.2 19.6 18.8 27.6 15.4 29.8 61.2 58.9
Other Industrial Products 161.9 193.4 222.0 269.1 257.7 210.5 279.8 359.1 371.3
Petroleum Local Refined Products, MT 000 2,033 1,713 1,981 1,740 1,713 1,828 1,589 1,814 1,451
Petrol 203 161 193 163 164 179 158 206 152
Auto Diesel 677 559 628 445 453 485 442 501 412
Kerosene 144 142 144 97 111 83 93 93 75
Furnace Oil 786 624 776 772 731 781 686 779 649
Aviation Fuel 126 114 131 171 154 195 126 155 93
Naphtha 97 113 109 92 100 105 84 80 70
BOI Enterprises Investments, Rs. Bn. 319.5 380.1 468.0 601.1 701.8 774.2 861.1 1,032.6 1,280.8
Employment, 000 438 411 421 452 458 478 426 451 n.a.
(a) Provisional Sources : Department of Census and Statistics
(b) From 2007 onwards categories are reclassified based on National Import Tariff Guide 2010. Sri Lanka Customs
(c) IPI based on ISIC Revision 4 classification. Ceylon Petroleum Corporation
n.a. Not available Central Bank of Sri Lanka
Table 1.4
Prices and Wages
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Price Indices Twelve Month Average

Colombo Consumers Price Index (2002 = 100) (b) 115.3 128.0 140.8 163.1 199.9 206.8 219.1
Change ( % ) 9.0 11.0 10.0 15.8 22.6 3.4 5.9
Colombo Consumers Price Index (2006/07 = 100) (c) 129.2 133.6 141.9 151.5 162.9
Change ( % ) 3.5 6.2 6.7 7.6
Wholesale Price Index (1974 = 100) 1,889.0 2,105.9 2,351.5 2,924.4 3,653.6 3,500.9 3,893.0 4,306.5 4,457.3
Change ( % ) 12.5 11.5 11.7 24.4 24.9 -4.2 11.2 10.6 3.5
Implicit GDP Deflator (1996 = 100) 183.0 202.1 224.9 256.4 298.3 315.8 338.9 365.5 398.0
Change ( % ) 8.8 10.4 11.3 14.0 16.3 5.9 7.3 7.9 8.9
Construction Cost Index (1990 = 100) 245.2 290.6 343.6 387.6 444.8 456.3 465.9 490.9 550.9
Change ( % ) 11.2 18.5 18.2 12.8 14.8 2.6 2.1 5.4 12.2

Wage Rate Indices Twelve Month Average
Central Govt. Employees (1978 Dec. = 100) 1,797.7 2,417.5 3,150.8 3,828.4 4,116.1 4,502.8 4,651.6 4,964.5 5,304.7
Change ( % ) 17.9 34.5 30.3 21.5 7.5 9.4 3.3 6.7 6.9
Government Teachers (1978 Dec. = 100) 1,375.2 1,818.6 2,304.2 2,740.0 2,938.6 3,215.3 3,321.7 3,576.1 3,821.8
Change ( % ) 16.5 32.2 26.7 18.9 7.2 9.4 3.3 7.7 6.9
Wages Board Workers (1978 Dec. = 100) 1,223.0 1,329.7 1,358.2 1,648.8 2,070.4 2,171.4 2,865.3 2,996.1 3,662.0
Change ( % ) 2.3 7.8 2.1 21.4 25.6 4.9 32.0 4.6 22.2
(b) Discontinued from June 2011. Institute for Construction Training and Development
(c) The Revised CCPI (2006/07=100) has replaced CCPI (2002=100) Central Bank of Sri Lanka
from June 2011.
2
External Sector
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011(a) 2012(b)
Balance of Payments (Billion of Rupees)

Trade Balance -227.2 -253.1 -350.0 -404.7 -647.2 -358.7 -545.3 -1,073.9 -1,195.4
Exports 584.0 638.3 716.6 845.7 878.5 813.9 974.4 1,167.6 1,245.5
Imports 811.1 891.4 1,066.6 1,250.4 1,525.7 1,172.6 1,519.7 2,241.5 2,440.9
Income and Services Account 22.0 4.0 -13.8 -5.7 -61.5 -11.0 10.0 49.6 10.9
Net Remittances 136.7 183.8 208.4 255.7 288.6 345.5 413.9 513.2 688.6
Current Account Balance -65.4 -65.2 -155.4 -154.7 -420.0 -24.2 -121.5 -511.1 495.9
Overall Balance -7.5 48.1 33.5 60.0 -145.8 315.2 88.0 -105.8 72.6
Balance of Payments (Millions of US Dollars)
Trade Balance -2,243 -2,516 -3,370 -3,657 -5,981 -3,122 -4,825 -9,710 -9,409
Exports 5,757 6,347 6,883 7,640 8,111 7,085 8,626 10,559 9,774
Imports 8,000 8,863 10,253 11,296 14,091 10,207 13,451 20,269 19,183
Income and Services Account 215 38 -132 -56 -571 -97 90 452 102
Net Remittances 1,350 1,828 2,004 2,311 2,666 3,005 3,660 4,643 5,392
Current Account Balance -648 -650 -1,499 -1,402 -3,886 -214 -1,075 -4,615 -3,915
Overall Balance -205 501 204 531 -1,385 2,725 921 -1,061 151
Balance of Payments (Per Cent of GDP) (c)
Trade Balance -10.9 -10.3 -11.9 -11.3 -14.7 -7.4 -9.7 -16.4 -15.8
Exports 27.9 26.0 24.3 23.6 19.9 16.8 17.4 17.8 16.4
Imports 38.7 36.3 36.3 34.9 34.6 24.3 27.1 34.2 32.3
Net Remittances 6.5 7.5 7.1 7.1 6.5 7.1 7.4 7.8 9.1
Current Account Balance -3.1 -2.7 -5.3 -4.3 -9.5 -0.5 -2.2 -7.8 -6.6
Terms of Trade (2010=100) (d) 104.4 100.0 96.7 78.1 80.4 78.3 100.0 90.9 89.8
Gross External Assets
Rs. Bn. 359.7 428.9 431.4 538.9 411.8 804.2 956.5 910.0 1,091.7
US $ Mn. 3,438 4,201 4,005 4,956 3,640 7,030 8,621 7,989 8,585
In Months of Imports 5.2 5.7 4.7 5.3 3.1 8.3 7.7 4.7 5.4
External Debt
Rs. Bn. 1,186.9 1,159.4 1,290.5 1,521.6 1,709.2 2,134.7 2,378.6 2,984.0 3,753.9
US $ Mn. 11,346 11,354 11,981 13,990 15,107 18,662 21,438 25,002 28,441
% of GDP (c) 54.9 46.5 42.4 43.2 37.1 44.4 43.3 42.2 47.9
Debt Service as a % of Exports of
Merchandise, Services, Income &
Current Transfers (e) 13.9 16.1 11.9 9.0 14.5
Tourist Arrivals, 000 566.2 549.3 559.6 494.0 438.5 447.9 654.5 856.0 1,005.6
Exchange Rates (Annual Average)
Rs./US$ 101.19 100.50 103.96 110.62 108.33 114.94 113.06 110.57 127.60
Rs./SDR 149.88 148.45 153.00 169.37 171.24 177.22 172.50 174.54 195.38
Rs./Pound Sterling 185.35 182.87 191.53 221.46 200.73 179.87 174.81 177.23 202.28
Rs./Euro 125.79 125.10 130.63 151.63 159.32 160.21 150.10 153.86 164.01
Rs./Yen 0.94 0.91 0.89 0.94 1.05 1.23 1.29 1.39 1.60
Rs./Indian Rs. 2.23 2.28 2.30 2.69 2.52 2.39 2.49 2.39 2.39
(a) Revised Sources : Sri Lanka Customs

(b) Provisional Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(c) Based on GDP at current market prices published by the Department of Census and Statistics.
(d) From 2007 onwards, trade indices have been calculated with a wider coverage using 2010 as the
base year.
(e) External debt service payments were reclassified from 2008 onwards to capture debt servicing of
government securities (i.e., foreign holding of Treasury Bonds) in accordance with the External
Debt Statistics Manual (2003) of the International Monetary Fund.
3
Money and Money Rates
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Reserve Money, Rs. Bn. 171.0 197.9 239.9 264.4 268.4 303.5 360.5 439.5 484.4
Monetary Aggregates, Rs. Bn.
Narrow Money (M1), Rs. Bn. 188.5 230.7 259.7 266.6 277.3 336.7 407.2 438.7 450.0
Broad Money (M2), Rs. Bn. 688.0 822.9 993.3 1,147.7 1,282.2 1,536.8 1,813.0 2,192.6 2,593.2
Broad Money (M2b), Rs. Bn. 858.6 1,022.3 1,204.6 1,404.0 1,522.8 1,806.2 2,091.4 2,491.7 2,929.1
Currency, Rs. Bn. 99.7 114.1 135.0 147.2 155.0 181.8 216.5 242.9 251.5
Demand Deposits, Rs. Bn. 88.8 116.6 124.7 119.4 122.3 154.9 190.6 195.8 198.5
Quasi Money, Rs. Bn. 670.2 791.6 944.9 1,137.4 1,245.5 1,469.5 1,684.2 2,053.0 2,479.0
% Change of : M2 18.5 19.6 20.7 15.6 11.7 19.9 18.0 20.9 18.3
M2b 19.6 19.1 17.8 16.6 8.5 18.6 15.8 19.1 17.6
Domestic Credit, Rs. Bn. 895.9 1,067.4 1,382.0 1,607.8 1,897.5 1,907.7 2,262.9 3,038.0 3,696.1
Monetary Authorities, Rs. Bn. 108.1 74.4 112.9 101.1 217.4 109.0 76.9 262.7 278.8
Domestic Banking Units, Rs. Bn. 626.5 790.0 1,025.9 1,202.2 1,365.0 1,521.9 1,843.6 2,365.7 2,897.3
Foreign Currency Banking Units, Rs. Bn. 161.3 203.0 243.2 304.5 315.2 276.9 342.3 409.6 519.9
Money Multiplier : for M2 4.02 4.16 4.14 4.34 4.78 5.06 5.03 4.99 5.35
for M2b 5.02 5.16 5.02 5.31 5.67 5.95 5.80 5.67 6.05
Velocity : of M2 3.32 3.25 3.26 3.34 3.64 3.45 3.37 3.26 3.16
of M2b 2.69 2.63 2.66 2.73 3.01 2.90 2.92 2.86 2.75
Interest Rates (Year End),%
Bank Rate 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00
Prime Lending Rate (Monthly) 10.17 12.14 14.74 17.00 19.17 11.12 9.27 10.49 14.29
Treasury Bill Yield : Primary 3 Months 7.25 10.10 12.76 21.30 17.33 7.73 7.24 8.68 10.00
Repo Overnight 7.50 8.75 10.00 10.50 10.50 7.50 7.25 7.00 7.50
Reverse Repo Overnight 9.00 10.25 11.50 12.00 12.00 9.75 9.00 8.50 9.50
Treasury Bonds Yield to Maturity 8.25 10.39 12.92 15.50 20.53 9.55 8.27 7.77 13.62
Rupee Securities Rate 8.90 8.9011.00 10.60 11.0019.00 14.00
Call Money Rate 9.2511.00 10.5011.13 12.7515.38 16.0040.00 12.2520.00 7.759.25 7.758.35 8.509.22 9.509.85
Deposit Rates
Commercial Banks - AWDR (b) 5.31 6.24 7.60 10.31 11.63 8.01 6.23 7.24 10.10
NSB - Savings Deposits 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
Fixed Deposits - 12 Months 8.00 9.00 11.00 15.00 15.00 9.50 8.50 8.50 12.50
(a) Provisional (b) AWDR : Average Weighted Deposit Rate Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
Table 1.7
Money and Capital Markets
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Call Money, Rs. Bn. 1,363.5 1,057.2 1,829.5 1,921.3 1,926.8 2,040.2 996.1 2,433.8 3,179.1
Treasury Bills, Rs. Bn.
Primary Market Issues 469.9 485.8 627.9 817.2 779.6 821.2 1,000.1 1,164.6 1,650.0
Outstanding (Year End) 243.8 234.2 257.7 307.0 409.0 481.4 571.8 661.0 709.3
Central Bank Secondary Market Rs. Bn.
Repurchases (Repo) 1,625.0 2,508.8 1,015.1 1,234.2 1,014.7 1,715.3 10,722.8 14,489.8 2,721.9
Reverse Repurchases (Reverse Repo) 1.3 60.9 134.5 172.5 904.6 851.9 0.0 141.0 797.9
Other Sales (b) 6.8 37.2 61.5 110.9 26.6 70.2 13.3 18.4
Purchases (b) 2.3 8.0 0.0
Central Bank T-Bill Holdings (Book Value) 78.2 38.9 58.5 41.8 143.2 36.0 2.3 167.3 163.3
Outstanding CBSL Securities (c) 78.6 95.1
Issuing of CBSL Securities
CBSL Securities Overnight 165.8 1,611.8 313.9
CBSL Securities Term 10.1 169.3 1,153.1
Treasury Bonds, Rs. Bn.
Subscribed 214.8 229.6 310.1 401.2 488.7 701.4 508.6 603.0 847.9
Outstanding (Year End) (d) 643.3 751.6 886.0 1,068.5 1,299.6 1,658.6 1,827.4 2,018.8 2,412.7
Foreign Exchange SWAP
Buy Sell US $ Mn. 333.0 2,217.0
Rs. Bn. 37.7 275.5
Sell Buy US $ Mn. 502.0 2,147.2 98.0 0.0
Rs. Bn. 57.5 243.3 10.9 0.0
Foreign Exchange SWAP Outstanding
FX SWAP US $ Mn. 245.0 97.0 303.0 1,368.0
Rs. Bn. 28.0 10.8 34.4 177.9
Rupee Securities, Rs. Bn.
Subscribed 50.4 43.7 23.6 23.3 1.9
Outstanding (Year End) 248.4 140.6 116.7 131.5 130.0 112.3 87.7 62.0 58.4
Commercial Papers, Rs. Bn.
Issued 14.5 10.9 23.5 30.1 23.8 21.5 12.3 13.5 36.9
Outstanding 2.8 2.3 3.4 5.0 4.4 5.8 4.3 8.1 10.6
Share Market
Listed Companies 242 239 237 235 235 231 241 272 287
Trading Turnover, Rs. Bn. 59.1 114.6 105.2 105.0 110.5 142.5 570.3 546.3 213.8
Non-National Transactions (Net), Rs. Bn. 1.1 6.1 5.4 11.3 14.0 -0.8 -26.3 -19.0 38.7
Market Capitalization, Rs. Bn. 382.1 584.0 834.8 820.7 488.8 1,092.1 2,210.5 2,213.9 2,167.6
All Share Price Index (1985=100) 1,506.9 1,922.2 2,722.4 2,541.0 1,503.0 3,385.6 6,635.9 6,074.4 5,643.0
Milanka Price Index (1998=1,000) 2,073.7 2,451.1 3,711.8 3,291.9 1,631.3 3,849.4 7,061.5 5,229.2 5,119.1
S&P Sri Lanka 20 Index (2004=1,000) (e) 3,085.3
Market Price Earning Ratio 10.8 12.4 13.9 11.6 5.4 16.6 25.2 15.8 15.9
Market Dividend Yield, % 3.2 2.7 2.2 2.5 5.6 3.0 1.2 1.8 2.4
(a) Provisional (d) Excludes Government Treasury bonds of Rs. 4,397 million issued to CWE
(b) Figures since March 2003 refer to the outright sales and purchases of in November 2003.
Treasury bills. (e) The S&P Sri Lanka 20 Index (S&P SL20) was introduced in June 2012.
(c) Include CBSL securities issued on an overnight basis & term basis. 4
Government Finance
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
(Billion of Rupees)
Revenue and Grants 320.2 412.4 507.9 595.6 686.5 725.6 834.2 949.9 1,003.9
Revenue 311.5 379.7 477.8 565.1 655.3 699.6 817.3 934.8 987.8
Grants 8.7 32.6 30.1 30.5 31.2 25.9 16.9 15.1 16.1
Total Expenditure and Net Lending 476.9 584.8 713.6 841.6 996.1 1,201.9 1,280.2 1,400.1 1,492.9
Current Expenditure 389.7 443.4 548.0 622.8 743.7 879.6 937.1 1,006.6 1,094.2
Capital Expenditure and Net Lending 87.2 141.4 165.7 218.8 252.4 322.4 343.1 393.5 398.6
Current Account Surplus (+) / Deficit (-) -78.2 -63.6 -70.1 -57.7 -88.5 -179.9 -119.8 -71.9 -106.4
Overall Budget Surplus (+) / Deficit (-) -156.8 -172.4 -205.7 -246.0 -309.6 -476.4 -446.0 -450.2 -489.0
Total Financing 156.8 172.4 205.7 246.0 309.6 476.4 446.0 450.2 489.0
Foreign 37.1 47.8 41.9 100.9 -4.6 230.8 243.8 219.0 286.5
Domestic 117.2 123.6 163.8 145.1 314.3 245.6 202.2 231.2 202.5
Privatization Proceeds 2.4 1.0
Outstanding Government Debt 2,139.5 2,222.3 2,582.6 3,041.7 3,589.0 4,161.4 4,590.2 5,133.4 6,000.1
(As a percentage of GDP)
Revenue and Grants 15.3 16.8 17.3 16.6 15.6 15.0 14.9 14.5 13.2
Revenue 14.9 15.5 16.3 15.8 14.9 14.5 14.6 14.3 13.0
Grants 0.4 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2
Expenditure and Net Lending 22.8 23.8 24.3 23.5 22.6 24.9 22.9 21.4 19.7
Current Expenditure 18.6 18.1 18.6 17.4 16.9 18.2 16.7 15.4 14.4
Capital Expenditure and Net Lending 4.2 5.8 5.6 6.1 5.7 6.7 6.1 6.0 5.3
Current Account Surplus (+) / Deficit (-) -3.7 -2.6 -2.4 -1.6 -2.0 -3.7 -2.1 -1.1 -1.4
Overall Budget Surplus (+) / Deficit (-) -7.5 -7.0 -7.0 -6.9 -7.0 -9.9 -8.0 -6.9 -6.4
Outstanding Government Debt 102.3 90.6 87.9 85.0 81.4 86.2 81.9 78.5 79.1
Domestic Debt 54.7 51.6 50.3 47.9 48.5 49.7 45.8 42.9 42.6
Foreign Debt 47.6 39.0 37.5 37.1 32.8 36.5 36.1 35.6 36.5
Debt Service Payments 14.4 14.1 15.1 14.0 13.4 17.1 14.6 13.7 13.4
Interest Payments 5.7 4.9 5.1 5.1 4.8 6.4 6.3 5.5 5.4
(a) Provisional. Sources : Ministry of Finance and Planning
Table 1.9
Financial Institutions
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011(a) 2012(b)
Central Bank
Assets, Rs. Bn. 414.0 440.6 492.8 561.9 598.4 821.9 985.4 1,141.7 1,284.4
International Reserves 284.6 334.3 360.6 440.3 345.0 685.7 862.5 838.6 965.9
Credit to Government 108.7 74.7 114.3 102.5 218.6 111.3 80.0 264.5 279.5
Credit to Financial Institutions 0.0 2.5 2.5 2.1 1.6 1.1 2.5 2.3 1.8
Currency in Circulation, Rs. Bn. 115.9 132.4 157.2 173.4 186.1 217.4 255.7 293.2 318.1
Deposits, Rs. Bn. 189.0 204.1 214.7 239.9 260.9 361.9 465.0 646.6 736.4
Commercial Banks
No. of Banks 22 22 23 23 22 22 22 24 24
Branches (c) 1,352 1,627 1,736 1,933 2,070 2,213 2,368 2,605 2,717
Assets, Rs. Bn. 1,028.1 1,275.5 1,560.0 1,790.7 1,947.9 2,230.4 2,566.7 3,157.7 3,757.4
Loans, Rs. Bn. 528.7 672.6 880.9 1,030.7 1,146.4 1,137.4 1,454.6 1,905.7 2,305.6
Investments, Rs. Bn. 118.3 145.5 176.9 211.2 249.7 476.5 538.5 517.0 648.7
Capital, Rs. Bn. 77.2 110.9 136.8 168.5 183.2 191.0 237.8 313.3 375.9
Deposits, Rs. Bn. 792.5 945.6 1,121.4 1,307.4 1,410.6 1,672.9 1,955.0 2,361.2 2,798.2
Finance Companies (d)
Assets, Rs. Bn. 66.2 87.5 113.1 238.1 285.6 297.3 387.9 489.9 596.6
Investments 7.1 8.0 9.1 15.3 20.4 26.0 47.0 25.8 33.8
Loans and Advances 46.6 62.3 80.1 173.7 201.8 196.2 265.5 388.4 471.7
Deposits, Rs. Bn. 38.4 47.1 58.8 78.2 103.5 119.8 146.1 186.0 254.1
Selected Other Institutions - Assets, Rs. Bn.
Rural Banks (e) 17.5 23.2 27.6 31.6 36.4 41.6 54.7 67.6 76.9*
Licensed Specialised Banks (f) 296.6 295.1 328.8 382.1 437.6 506.7 576.0 673.7 742.5
Unit Trusts 4.2 4.4 5.3 6.3 6.8 10.0 22.2 22.7 31.1
Employees Provident Fund, Rs. Bn. 379.4 418.0 490.4 562.4 655.4 772.0 899.7 1,018.0 1,144.0
Employees Trust Fund, Rs. Bn. 51.8 58.6 66.8 78.7 92.4 107.3 125.9 142.4 158.4
(a) Revised. (b) Provisional. (d) Table has been modified due to the consolidation between Registered
(c) Includes main branches and extension offices only. Finance Companies and Specialised Leasing Companies
(e) Registered with Department of Labour. 20042006 - Data pertaining to the Registered Finance Companies
(f) Excluding Rural Banks. 20072011 - Data pertaining to the Registered Finance Companies
* As at end September 2012. and Specialised Leasing Companies
5
Key Socio-Economic Indicators
Population Selected Macroeconomic Indicators
25.0
21.0
20.5
20.0 20.0
Million
19.5
19.0
Per cent
18.5 15.0
18.0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1.5 10.0
Population Growth, %
1.3
Per cent
5.0
1.1
GDP Growth Money Supply (M2b) Growth
Inflation (CCPI Change) Unemployment Rate
0.9 0.0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
GDP Domestic Expenditure and Savings

(at Current Prices) (Per cent of GDP)
8,000
85.0
7,000
6,000 GDP 65.0 Savings - Investment Gap

Consumption
5,000 Investment
Rs. Billion
45.0
Domestic Savings
Per cent
4,000
Services
3,000 25.0
2,000
Industry
5.0
1,000
Agriculture
0 -15.0
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Balance of Payments Fiscal Operations

(Per cent of GDP) (Per cent of GDP)
40 20
35
30 15
Current Account
25 Budget Deficit
Revenue
20 10
Current Expenditure
15 Capital Expenditure and Net Lending
Per cent
Per cent
10 5
0 0
-5
-10 -5
Current Account Balance Exports
-15 Overall Balance Imports
-20 -10
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
6
Key Socio-Economic Indicators
Money Supply Selected Interest Rates

(Per cent of GDP)
50 25
Treasury Bill Yeild - 3 Months Average Weighted
Deposit Rate (Com. Banks)
Prime Lending
LIBOR - US$ - 3 Months
40 20
30 15
Per cent
Per cent
Currency
Reserve Money (M0)
20 Narrow Money (M2) 10
Broad Money (M2b)
10
5
0
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Social Indicators
Selected Socio-Economic Indicators Selected Asian Countries 2012
180
Telephones, 100
per 1,000 Persons
160 90 Literacy Rate, %
Hospital Beds,
per 10,000 Persons (20052010)
140 Doctors, 80 Life Expectancy, Years
per 100,000 Persons (2012)
70
120
60
100
Number
50
80
40
60 30
40 20
20
10
0
0 Sri Pakistan India Bangla- Philip- Indonesia Thai- Malaysia
Lanka desh pines land
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
GDP Per Capita/GDP Per Capita PPP (2011) World GDP Growth
Selected Regions Selected Regions
18,000 10
GDP Growth, % 2010
16,000 GDP Per Capita (2011) GDP Growth, % 2011
GDP Per Capita PPP (2011) 8
14,000
12,000
6
Per cent
10,000
US $
8,000 4
6,000
2
4,000
2,000 0
World Advanced Emer- Deve- Central Middle Latin Sri
0 Econo- ging & loping and East American Lanka
Sri Pakistan India Bangla- Philip- Indo- Thai- Malaysia mies Developing Asia Eastern & North and the
Lanka desh pines nesia land Economies Europe Africa Caribean
7
Infrastructure
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Electricity
Available Capacity, MW 2,378 2,411 2,434 2,444 2,645 2,684 2,817 3,148 3,312
Generation, GWh 8,159 8,769 9,389 9,814 9,901 9,882 10,714 11,528 11,800
Telecommunication
Telephones - Wireline Telephones 860,468 919,040 909,894 931,737 933,536 872,120 896,710 941,780 999,354
Cellular Phones 2,211,158 3,361,775 5,412,496 7,983,489 11,082,508 14,264,442 17,267,407 18,319,447 20,324,070
Wireless Local Loop 130,771 324,953 974,184 1,810,322 2,512,875 2,563,838 2,637,865 2,666,612 2,450,037
Public Pay Phones (No. of Booths) 6,095 6,285 7,561 8,526 7,417 7,378 6,958 6,458 6,983
Telephone Density (Telephones per 1,000
persons, including cellular phones) 165 234 367 536 719 866 1,007 1,051 1,170
Internet and E-mail Subscribers 93,300 115,000 130,000 202,348 234,000 240,000 502,000(b)
844,749(b)
1,365,655(b)
Port Services (Colombo)

Vessels Arrived 3,688 3,929 4,228 4,326 4,424 4,114 3,910 4,124 3,870
Cargo Discharged, MT 000 19,688 21,540 24,085 26,110 28,086 27,214 34,307 36,642 36,721
Cargo Loaded, MT 000 11,611 12,932 15,342 17,392 19,874 19,159 24,461 25,373 24,949
Container Throughput, TEU 000 2,221 2,455 3,079 3,381 3,687 3,464 4,137 4,263 4,187
Transportation
Road Kilometerage (A & B Class) 11,661 11,661 11,773 11,902 11,902 11,919 12,019 12,019 12,165
New Registration of Motor Vehicles, No. 223,842 229,669 300,522 297,892 265,199 204,075 359,243 525,421 397,295
S L T B / Regional Bus Companies
Buses Operated (Daily Average) 4,050 3,828 3,801 4,127 4,247 4,482 4,441 4,365 4,314
Passenger Kilometers, Mn. 14,537 12,670 12,871 14,694 15,080 15,131 16,274 17,996 19,509
Private Operator Buses 16,727 16,842 17,522 17,731 18,665 18,665 19,805 19,699 20,444
Sri Lanka Railways
Passenger Kilometers, Mn. 4,684 4,358 4,311 4,769 4,669 4,568 4,353 4,574 5,039
Freight Ton Kilometers, Mn. 134 135 138 133 121 113 163 154 160(c)
SriLankan Air Lines
Passengers, 000 2,413 2,808 3,122 3,211 2,970 2,255 2,808 3,010 4,164
Freight, MT 000 78.6 90.0 98.1 97.7 87.4 69.1 83.1 90.4 97.8
(a) Provisional
(b) Includes mobile broadband connections
(c) Estimates
8
Climate Table 2.1
Mean Temperature 2003 2012
Degrees Celsius
Meteorological Station 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Anuradhapura 28.5 28.3 28.6 28.4 28.2 28.1 28.6 28.5 28.3 28.6
Badulla 24.5 24.5 24.8 24.4 23.8 23.1 23.5 23.5 23.2 23.5
Bandarawela 21.3 21.2 21.2 20.8 20.8 20.7 21.1 21.1 20.7 21.0
Batticaloa 28.2 28.4 28.8 28.5 28.1 28.2 28.6 28.5 28.2 28.5
Colombo 28.1 28.0 27.9 27.7 27.8 27.5 27.9 28.0 27.9 28.0
Galle 27.5 27.4 27.5 27.3 27.2 27.2 27.5 27.4 27.3 27.3
Hambantota 27.8 27.8 28.0 27.8 27.6 27.6 27.8 24.1 28.0 28.0
Jaffna 28.2 27.9 28.2 28.6 28.2 28.1 28.5 28.4 28.2 28.5
Katugastota 25.0 24.9 24.7 24.5 24.8 24.9 25.2 25.2 24.9 25.1
Katunayake 27.9 27.8 27.8 27.7 27.9 27.6 27.9 27.9 27.8 27.8
Kurunegala 27.8 27.8 27.8 27.5 27.4 27.3 27.3 27.3 26.9 27.7
Maha Illuppallama 27.8 27.7 27.9 27.5 27.3 27.3 27.8 27.7 27.7 27.9
Mannar 28.6 28.4 28.5 28.6 28.6 28.3 28.3 28.3 28.0 28.3
Nuwara Eliya 16.5 16.3 16.4 16.1 16.1 16.2 15.9 16.5 16.5 16.1
Pottuvil 28.7 n.a. 28.8 28.5 28.1 28.1 28.6 28.6 28.2 28.6
Puttalam 28.2 28.0 28.2 27.8 27.8 27.7 27.9 28.0 27.8 30.6
Ratmalana 28.2 28.2 28.1 28.1 28.1 27.9 28.3 28.4 28.2 28.3
Ratnapura 27.5 27.4 27.5 27.2 27.4 27.1 27.3 27.5 27.4 27.6
Trincomalee 29.0 28.5 28.9 29.1 27.2 28.6 29.1 28.0 29.9 29.2
Vavuniya 28.5 28.3 28.1 28.0 28.1 28.0 28.3 28.4 28.0 28.4
n.a. - Not available Source : Department of Meteorology
Table 2.2
Rainfall and Rainy Days Hydro Catchment Areas 2003 2012
Station 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Annual Rainfall, Millimetres

Canyon 3,173.7 3,834.9 4,076.5 3,491.1 3,728.6 3,244.6 4,206.4 4,419.3 3,283.4 2,753.1
Castlereigh 3,892.2 3,190.1 3,297.2 3,098.0 3,049.4 2,751.7 3,631.2 3,920.0 2,412.8 2,169.3
Kothmale Power Station 1,593.4 2,129.1 1,980.2 2,493.8 2,104.0 2,073.5 1,989.9 2,969.9 1,974.4 1,054.4
Laxapana 4,301.5 4,549.1 3,744.6 3,901.3 4,231.4 3,764.9 4,091.0 5,010.8 4,009.7 3,215.8
Maussakele 2,459.3 2,631.6 2,837.8 2,623.2 2,762.4 2,461.4 3,398.4 3,240.7 2,273.9 2,237.8
Norton 4,244.7 4,371.2 4,630.5 3,953.4 4,461.4 3,638.4 3,704.3 5,199.3 3,829.6 3,186.8
Samanala Power Station 3,611.0 4,498.6 4,322.1 4,482.8 4,200.4 4,803.8 4,476.6 5,513.7 4,159.4 3,444.9
Wimalasurendra Power Station 4,265.2 n.a. 4,625.0 3,943.4 4,449.8 3,613.1 2,842.9 4,388.4 3,793.0 2,871.8
Annual Rainy Days

Canyon 212 225 206 198 186 212 214 220 208 196
Castlereigh 208 203 197 183 185 198 198 206 182 158
Kothmale Power Station 172 162 156 172 143 166 133 168 159 74
Laxapana 205 225 197 196 194 218 224 218 204 179
Maussakele 177 197 184 172 160 170 183 201 189 178
Norton 207 218 209 200 201 230 183 218 208 181
Samanala Power Station 166 199 197 194 191 213 202 201 191 189
Wimalasurendra Power Station 204 n.a. 210 200 200 217 162 174 206 168
n.a. Not available Source : Department of Meteorology
9
Climate Table 2.3
Rainfall and Rainy Days Selected Stations 2003 2012
Meteorological Station 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Annual Rainfall, Millimetres

Anuradhapura 1,192.3 1,444.3 1,099.0 1,324.4 1,380.9 1,485.5 1,075.1 1,665.4 1,815.9 1,878.1
Badulla 1,532.1 1,982.0 1,683.4 2,370.1 1,632.7 1,864.3 1,582.9 2,176.0 2,525.1 1,516.2
Bandarawela 1,498.0 1,590.8 1,615.5 2,080.8 1,638.0 2,103.6 1,319.5 1,687.7 1,947.5 1,895.5
Batticaloa 1,858.5 2,594.7 1,372.9 1,306.3 1,570.2 1,987.3 2,056.0 1,760.6 3,581.3 1,786.4
Colombo 2,030.0 1,958.1 2,814.0 2,722.9 2,085.8 2,622.1 2,134.4 3,369.9 1,774.2 2,464.6
Galle 1,894.3 2,252.3 1,879.7 2,552.9 3,091.2 2,776.8 2,303.5 3,049.1 2,308.5 2,367.2
Hambantota 1,272.7 1,164.7 977.9 1,333.5 1,017.8 1,139.8 880.6 875.2 1,014.8 1,294.4
Jaffna 1,328.4 1,868.9 1,235.3 159.1 1,168.3 1,811.8 1,270.9 1,496.6 1,470.7 943.2
Katugastota 1,502.2 1,565.3 1,783.6 2,120.7 1,827.6 1,848.6 1,944.0 2,665.6 1,776.6 1,990.9
Katunayake 1,790.9 1,672.0 2,396.0 2,594.8 1,659.9 2,516.1 1,690.9 2,585.6 1,446.1 1,945.2
Kurunegala 1,228.2 1,998.3 2,006.0 2,316.1 1,618.4 2,404.8 2,050.8 2,434.3 1,958.0 1,961.9
Maha Illuppallama 1,137.2 1,383.9 1,134.4 1,529.0 1,494.2 1,545.7 1,010.7 1,600.9 1,706.4 1,486.0
Mannar 1,130.5 1,152.8 1,190.8 938.8 642.8 1,219.2 964.5 1,074.9 1,203.2 923.5
Nuwara Eliya 1,373.8 1,741.1 1,347.1 2,555.3 1,674.7 1,587.0 1,639.9 2,181.4 1,699.6 1,771.1
Pottuvil 1,918.9 1,300.3 381.0 1,607.2 1,368.5 1,727.5 1,473.1 1,224.9 2,196.8 1,400.2
Puttalam 1,280.0 1,219.9 990.0 1,520.8 918.3 1,341.7 956.9 1,333.9 826.3 1,141.2
Ratmalana 2,247.1 2,108.5 3,207.1 3,082.3 2,084.4 2,967.2 2,476.2 3,404.9 2,042.9 2,272.3
Ratnapura 4,021.2 3,741.6 3,404.8 3,735.6 3,104.5 3,883.5 3,394.2 4,561.1 3,430.0 3,380.3
Trincomalee 1,424.8 1,926.1 1,791.6 77.6 483.2 1,844.5 1,888.9 1,419.5 2,906.5 1,810.4
Vavuniya 1,370.7 1,411.2 1,167.2 1,028.2 1,504.3 1,224.3 1,369.0 1,359.6 1,869.2 1,559.3
Annual Rainy Days

Anuradhapura 108 114 87 93 88 112 87 103 104 92
Badulla 141 153 136 181 138 168 158 148 350 135
Bandarawela 145 154 155 177 150 180 162 146 167 135
Batticaloa 103 113 103 92 96 112 95 94 117 85
Colombo 162 162 163 173 154 184 179 158 161 167
Galle 195 184 172 212 189 182 191 193 177 162
Hambantota 104 104 82 133 101 109 122 104 108 111
Jaffna . 76 96 69 19 73 91 59 84 95 69
Katugastota 172 168 179 188 167 170 186 174 175 146
Katunayake 149 142 160 166 137 156 164 159 151 151
Kurunegala 130 148 150 169 140 158 159 158 148 141
Maha Illuppallama 94 115 87 114 90 134 103 114 111 98
Mannar . 86 80 65 68 56 82 69 70 86 65
Nuwara Eliya 179 206 188 219 189 198 204 204 198 167
Pottuvil 91 93 49 90 101 110 99 83 108 86
Puttalam 101 102 92 114 81 116 110 106 102 96
Ratmalana 188 170 178 181 165 206 186 181 173 181
Ratnapura 223 229 211 243 199 243 227 233 219 207
Trincomalee 111 118 87 15 33 104 104 105 130 86
Vavuniya 110 109 89 92 90 86 82 103 114 85
Source : Department of Meteorology
10
Climate Table 2.4
Humidity 2011 2012
Percentage
Meteorological Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Station
D N D N D N D N D N D N D N D N D N D N D N D N
Year 2011
Anuradhapura 82 94 76 93 64 90 68 91 65 89 65 87 72 85 62 84 59 86 71 92 77 94 77 93
Badulla 87 95 83 95 75 93 73 93 73 92 61 81 63 80 62 80 63 85 76 94 82 93 82 92
Bandarawela 84 93 79 94 74 89 73 91 71 87 59 74 62 73 63 79 66 78 81 94 81 92 82 92
Batticaloa 86 90 83 89 78 88 73 88 72 86 61 78 64 78 67 82 69 82 76 89 79 90 79 87
Colombo 73 86 74 86 71 86 76 89 76 85 77 87 77 86 77 85 75 83 75 88 74 90 71 87
Galle 79 88 81 89 77 89 81 89 83 88 85 90 85 91 83 87 81 86 80 87 80 91 78 89
Hambantota 79 90 80 90 76 90 79 90 80 90 75 89 76 88 77 89 79 89 78 90 79 90 78 89
Jaffna 76 86 72 86 65 87 71 87 75 83 71 82 71 79 73 83 71 83 77 90 80 91 77 88
Katugastota 82 95 77 95 67 94 76 95 74 94 73 90 74 86 74 89 74 94 74 94 77 95 77 94
Katunayake 73 90 73 89 70 90 76 91 76 87 78 86 77 86 77 86 75 87 75 91 74 93 72 91
Kurunegala 76 88 71 86 64 85 71 90 72 87 73 85 69 82 70 83 72 85 69 88 71 89 71 86
Maha Illuppallama 85 93 77 91 67 88 72 90 70 87 66 83 66 83 64 82 62 81 69 89 77 92 78 92
Monaragala 77 89 75 89 72 89 72 91 69 89 57 83 61 83 57 79 62 86 73 91 77 91 77 90
Mannar 82 87 78 85 72 85 76 87 76 83 75 83 76 84 77 84 77 84 81 88 82 89 82 88
Nuwara Eliya 83 87 77 86 74 83 75 90 80 94 79 90 85 91 86 93 81 89 83 95 83 93 80 87
Polonnaruwa 85 98 78 98 69 95 70 95 61 84 58 74 61 77 56 76 51 72 73 97 80 98 79 97
Pottuvil 83 94 81 92 77 90 73 88 72 87 65 82 66 80 68 82 70 83 75 88 78 89 80 86
Puttalam 81 94 79 94 73 92 75 91 73 86 75 86 74 85 73 85 72 84 75 89 78 94 76 94
Ratmalana 73 88 74 86 68 86 73 89 73 84 76 85 77 86 75 84 73 83 72 88 73 91 71 88
Ratnapura 79 95 77 95 75 96 80 97 79 95 77 92 79 91 80 94 78 95 77 96 79 96 77 95
Trincomalee n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Vavuniya 85 95 81 93 69 91 72 92 71 90 66 87 66 86 68 86 63 85 77 92 83 95 81 95
Year 2012
Anuradhapura 68 91 71 91 61 89 70 91 65 88 61 86 63 85 57 84 59 85 73 91 77 92 82 94
Badulla 76 91 78 93 65 89 76 94 60 85 58 77 60 81 60 79 62 83 75 91 81 95 84 95
Bandarawela 77 94 73 88 61 85 78 90 60 77 58 72 59 71 61 73 64 75 79 89 83 95 83 91
Batticaloa 76 84 79 87 72 86 71 86 67 82 61 74 60 76 61 75 68 82 76 87 79 90 82 89
Colombo 67 84 70 87 70 87 77 91 73 81 77 85 77 84 77 88 78 88 77 91 74 90 75 90
Galle 76 87 79 89 74 86 79 87 80 85 85 89 84 89 84 87 84 88 80 89 80 91 79 90
Hambantota 71 86 74 87 71 87 77 89 80 89 81 92 73 88 80 89 80 89 80 91 81 92 79 90
Jaffna 70 89 68 86 64 85 69 84 73 80 71 81 67 83 70 82 70 82 79 89 73 88 77 90
Katugastota 69 92 69 91 61 93 75 96 66 91 72 87 73 88 72 91 71 91 77 96 78 99 79 95
Katunayake 65 88 66 87 69 90 76 93 73 84 79 86 76 84 78 89 78 90 77 94 75 92 74 91
Kurunegala 60 81 64 85 61 86 73 90 67 82 72 87 72 85 69 85 69 84 75 91 76 91 76 90
Maha Illuppallama 69 90 73 91 64 92 72 91 66 84 64 83 62 82 58 80 57 79 73 91 77 93 82 94
Monaragala 68 86 70 88 64 86 73 91 60 81 54 76 56 79 51 73 56 79 71 88 75 89 77 89
Mannar 73 85 72 86 69 87 73 86 76 82 77 84 76 85 76 84 76 85 81 88 78 87 84 91
Nuwara Eliya 72 87 73 81 58 74 81 93 68 79 81 90 81 89 82 91 81 89 84 93 83 92 81 85
Polonnaruwa 73 97 78 97 69 98 68 96 54 77 55 70 56 73 54 71 53 74 72 92 80 97 84 97
Pottuvil 73 88 78 91 71 85 74 88 65 81 61 78 65 77 67 78 71 82 78 89 77 91 81 93
Puttalam 71 93 68 93 69 92 73 89 70 82 72 83 71 83 70 83 69 82 76 91 76 93 80 94
Ratmalana 66 85 69 88 67 88 74 89 69 79 75 85 73 83 76 87 75 88 74 91 71 90 73 90
Ratnapura 66 90 71 92 69 94 79 97 72 92 79 92 76 89 78 93 79 95 79 96 79 96 79 96
Trincomalee n.a. n.a. 76 84 72 86 70 86 57 78 55 76 56 78 54 77 60 80 81 91 81 89 84 89
Vavuniya 75 n.a. 74 n.a. 65 90 70 91 67 87 65 85 65 85 61 83 62 n.a. 77 93 79 n.a. 84 n.a.
D Day Source : Department of Meteorology

N Night
n.a. Not available
11
Population and Labour Force Table 3.1
Population by District and Sector 1981, 2001 and 2012
1981 Census 2001 Census (a) 2012 Census (b)
District No. 000 Per cent No. 000 Per cent No. 000
Total Urban Rural Estate Urban Rural Estate Total Urban Rural Estate Urban Rural Estate Total
Colombo 1,699.2 1,264.3 426.0 9.0 74.4 25.1 0.5 2,251.3 1,229.6 1,014.4 7.3 54.6 45.1 0.3 2,309.8
Gampaha 1,390.9 388.3 1,000.5 2.0 27.9 71.9 0.1 2,063.7 300.9 1,762.0 0.7 14.6 85.4 0.0 2,294.6
Kalutara 829.7 178.1 607.1 44.5 21.5 73.2 5.4 1,066.2 113.2 915.5 37.6 10.6 85.9 3.5 1,217.3
Kandy 1,048.3 145.1 786.8 116.4 13.8 75.1 11.1 1,279.0 156.0 1,030.2 92.9 12.2 80.5 7.3 1,369.9
Matale 357.4 38.1 288.7 30.5 10.7 80.8 8.5 441.3 36.1 383.5 21.8 8.2 86.9 4.9 482.2
Nuwara Eliya 603.6 37.3 239.5 326.8 6.2 39.7 54.1 703.6 43.1 283.7 376.9 6.1 40.3 53.6 706.6
Galle 814.5 166.4 627.3 20.9 20.4 77.0 2.6 990.5 109.9 863.3 17.3 11.1 87.2 1.7 1,058.8
Matara 643.8 71.2 552.5 20.1 11.1 85.8 3.1 761.4 64.4 676.5 20.5 8.5 88.9 2.7 809.3
Hambantota 424.3 41.4 381.4 1.5 9.8 89.9 0.4 526.4 21.6 503.4 1.4 4.1 95.6 0.3 596.6
Jaffna (c) 738.8 255.2 483.6 0.0 34.5 65.5 0.0 490.6 583.0
Mannar 106.2 13.9 91.6 0.7 13.1 86.2 0.7 151.6 99.1
Vavuniya 95.4 18.5 76.9 0.0 19.4 80.6 0.0 149.8 171.5
Mullativu 77.2 7.2 69.9 0.1 9.3 90.6 0.1 121.7 91.9
Kilinochchi (c) 91.8 15.3 76.4 0.0 16.7 83.3 0.0 127.3 112.9
Batticaloa 330.3 79.4 250.7 0.2 24.0 75.9 0.1 486.4 525.1
Ampara 389.0 53.3 335.7 0.0 13.7 86.3 0.0 593.0 112.5 480.5 19.0 81.0 648.1
Trincomalee 255.9 82.7 169.4 3.8 32.3 66.2 1.5 340.2 378.2
Kurunegala 1,211.8 43.5 1,157.4 10.9 3.6 95.5 0.9 1,460.2 34.7 1,418.9 6.6 2.4 97.2 0.5 1,610.3
Puttalam 492.5 61.7 427.8 3.0 12.5 86.9 0.6 709.7 65.3 642.2 2.2 9.2 90.5 0.3 759.8
Anuradhapura 587.9 41.4 545.0 1.5 7.0 92.7 0.3 745.7 53.2 691.6 1.0 7.1 92.7 0.1 856.2
Polonnaruwa 261.6 20.5 239.2 1.9 7.8 91.4 0.7 359.0 358.7 0.3 99.9 0.1 403.3
Badulla 641.0 51.6 428.1 161.3 8.0 66.8 25.2 780.0 51.5 567.2 161.3 6.6 72.7 20.7 811.8
Monaragala 273.6 6.0 259.0 8.6 2.2 94.7 3.1 397.4 388.2 9.1 97.7 2.3 448.1
Ratnapura 797.1 59.2 630.3 107.6 7.4 79.1 13.5 1,015.8 58.2 855.2 102.4 5.7 84.2 10.1 1,082.3
Kegalle 684.9 52.8 570.0 62.2 7.7 83.2 9.1 785.5 17.1 712.9 55.5 2.2 90.8 7.1 836.6
Total 14,846.8 3,192.5
10,720.8 933.5 21.5 72.2 6.3 18,797.3 20,263.7
(a) Census of Population and Housing - 2001 which is covered 18 districts. Source : Department of Census and Statistics
(b) Provisional.
(c) Although in the 1981 Census, Jaffna and Kilinochchi comprised one district, the disaggregated population data for the two districts have been provided
for 1981 as well, to be consistent with the present district structure.
Table 3.2
Population by Religion and Ethnicity Census Years
Total By Religion (%) By Ethnicity (%)

Census Population
Year 000 Bud- Hindu Islam Chris- Other Sinha- Sri Indian Moor Burg- Malays Others
dhist tian lese Lankan Tamils hers
Tamils
1881 2,759.7 61.5 21.5 7.2 9.7 0.1 66.9 24.9 6.7 0.6 0.3 0.5
1891 3,007.8 62.4 20.5 7.0 10.0 ... 67.9 24.1 6.6 0.7 0.3 0.5
1901 3,566.0 60.1 23.2 6.9 9.8 0.1 65.4 26.7 6.4 0.7 0.3 0.6
1911 4,106.4 60.3 22.8 6.9 10.0 ... 66.1 12.9 12.9 6.5 0.7 0.3 0.6
1921 4,498.6 61.6 21.8 6.7 9.9 ... 67.1 11.5 13.4 6.3 0.7 0.3 0.8
1931 5,306.9 61.6 22.0 6.7 9.8 ... 65.4 11.3 15.4 6.1 0.6 0.3 0.8
1946 6,657.3 64.5 19.8 6.6 9.1 ... 69.4 11.0 11.7 6.1 0.6 0.3 0.7
1953 8,097.9 64.3 19.9 6.7 8.9 0.1 69.4 10.9 12.0 6.3 0.6 0.3 0.5
1963 10,582.0 66.2 18.5 6.8 8.4 0.1 71.0 11.0 10.6 6.4 0.4 0.3 0.2
1971 12,689.9 67.3 17.6 7.1 7.9 0.1 72.0 11.2 9.3 6.7 0.4 0.3 0.1
1981 14,846.8 69.3 15.5 7.5 7.6 0.1 73.9 12.7 5.5 7.1 0.3 0.3 0.2
2001 (a) 18,797.3 76.7 7.8 8.5 7.0 ... 82.0 4.3 5.1 7.9 0.2 0.3 0.2
2012 (b) 20,263.7 70.2 12.6 9.7 7.4 ... 74.9 11.2 4.2 9.2 0.2 0.2 0.1
Negligible Source : Department of Census and Statistics

(a) Only for 18 districts, which census has been conducted.
(b) Provisional.
12
Population by District, Religion and Ethnicity 2012 Census(a)
Population by Religion , % Population by Ethnicity , %

Population Sri
District Roman Other Indian Sri Lanka
000 Buddhist Hindu Islam Other Sinhalese Lankan Other
Catholic Christian Tamils Moor
Tamils
Colombo 2,309.8 70.7 7.9 11.8 6.8 2.8 0.1 76.7 10.0 1.2 10.5 1.6
Gampaha 2,294.6 71.5 2.3 5.0 19.3 1.9 0.1 90.6 3.5 0.5 4.2 1.2
Kalutara 1,217.3 83.5 3.3 9.4 3.1 0.7 0.0 86.7 2.0 1.9 9.2 0.1
Kandy 1,369.9 73.4 9.8 14.3 1.6 0.9 0.0 74.3 5.2 6.1 14.0 0.5
Matale 482.2 79.5 9.1 9.3 1.6 0.4 0.0 80.7 5.1 4.9 9.1 0.2
Nuwara Eliya 706.6 39.1 51.1 3.0 4.6 2.0 0.1 39.6 4.5 53.2 2.5 0.3
Galle 1,058.8 94.0 1.5 3.7 0.4 0.5 0.0 94.3 1.4 0.5 3.6 0.0
Matara 809.3 94.2 2.0 3.2 0.3 0.4 0.0 94.3 1.1 1.5 3.1 0.0
Hambantota 596.6 96.8 0.2 2.5 0.2 0.3 0.1 97.1 0.4 0.0 1.1 1.5
Jaffna 583.4 0.4 82.9 0.4 12.9 3.3 0.1 0.6 98.9 0.1 0.4 0.0
Mannar 99.1 2.1 23.7 16.7 52.7 4.7 0.0 2.0 81.3 0.4 16.2 0.0
Vavuniya 171.5 9.7 69.6 7.2 8.7 4.6 0.2 10.0 82.4 0.8 6.8 0.0
Mullativu 91.9 8.9 75.7 2.2 9.5 3.5 0.2 9.6 86.0 2.4 1.9 0.0
Killinochchi 112.9 0.8 82.5 0.6 10.6 5.4 0.0 0.9 97.0 1.5 0.6 0.0
Batticaloa 525.1 1.1 64.6 25.5 4.7 4.1 0.0 1.2 72.6 0.2 25.5 0.5
Ampara 648.1 38.6 15.8 43.6 1.1 0.8 0.0 38.7 17.4 0.0 43.6 0.2
Trincomalee 378.2 26.1 25.9 42.1 3.9 1.9 0.0 27.0 30.6 1.7 40.4 0.3
Kurunegala 1,610.3 88.6 0.9 7.3 2.6 0.6 0.0 91.4 1.2 0.2 7.1 0.2
Puttalam 759.8 43.2 3.8 20.0 31.2 1.6 0.2 73.6 6.3 0.3 19.3 0.5
Anuradhapura 856.2 90.2 0.4 8.3 0.7 0.4 0.0 90.9 0.6 0.1 8.2 0.2
Polonnaruwa 403.3 89.7 1.7 7.5 0.7 0.3 0.0 90.6 1.8 0.3 7.2 0.0
Badulla 811.8 72.6 19.4 5.8 1.4 0.7 0.0 73.1 2.5 18.4 5.7 0.4
Monaragala 448.1 94.5 2.8 2.2 0.3 0.2 0.0 94.6 2.2 1.0 2.1 0.0
Ratnapura 1,082.3 86.8 9.3 2.3 1.0 0.6 0.0 87.1 5.1 5.8 2.0 0.1
Kegalle 836.6 84.6 6.5 7.2 1.0 0.7 0.0 85.6 2.4 5.0 6.9 0.2
Total 20,263.7 70.2 12.6 9.7 6.1 1.3 0.0 74.9 11.2 4.2 9.2 0.5
(a) Provisional Source : Department of Census and Statistics
Table 3.4
Population by Age Group 2001 and 2004 2011
Thousands
2001 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 (a) 2010 (a) 2011 (a)
Age Groups
M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F M F
0 4 814 783 843 810 852 819 861 828 867 837 876 846 883 855 892 863 901 873
5 9 842 812 867 836 876 845 886 855 892 864 901 873 913 886 922 895 932 904
10 14 861 830 893 858 903 868 913 877 919 887 928 896 934 907 943 916 953 925
15 19 927 897 959 932 969 942 979 952 986 963 997 973 1,005 979 1,015 988 1,025 999
20 24 889 878 917 910 927 919 937 929 943 940 953 950 964 958 974 968 984 978
25 29 730 755 759 780 767 788 775 797 781 806 789 814 792 824 799 832 808 841
30 34 711 727 731 750 739 758 747 766 752 775 760 783 771 793 779 801 787 809
35 39 693 708 716 729 723 737 731 745 736 753 744 761 751 773 758 780 766 788
40 44 646 651 671 674 678 681 685 688 690 696 697 703 700 711 707 718 715 725
45 49 562 576 585 598 591 604 598 611 602 618 608 624 609 628 615 635 622 641
50 54 505 519 519 533 525 539 531 545 534 551 540 557 548 567 554 572 559 578
55 59 356 387 372 398 377 403 381 407 383 412 387 416 386 422 390 427 394 431
60 64 271 283 277 293 280 296 283 299 285 303 288 305 294 309 297 312 300 315
65 69 206 236 216 249 218 251 221 254 222 257 224 260 223 257 225 260 228 263
70 74 159 179 163 185 165 187 167 189 168 191 170 193 172 196 174 198 176 200
75 & over 187 217 190 222 192 225 194 227 196 230 198 232 203 237 205 239 207 242
Total 9,359 9,438 9,678 9,757 9,782 9,862 9,889 9,969 9,956 10,083 10,060 10,186 10,148 10,302 10,249 10,404 10,357 10,512
Total Population 18,797 19,435 19,644 19,858 20,039 20,246 20,450 20,653 20,869
M Male Source : Registrar Generals Department

F Female
(a) Provisional
13
Mid Year Population By Province and District 2001 and 2004 2012
Thousands
Province/District 2001(a) 2004(b)(c) 2005(b)(c) 2006(b)(c) 2007(b)(c) 2008(b)(d) 2009(b)(d) 2010(b)(d) 2011(b)(d) 2012(d)(e)
Western 5,381 5,545 5,611 5,669 5,729 5,758 5,814 5,865 5,919 5,836
Colombo 2,251 2,359 2,402 2,438 2,473 2,488 2,521 2,553 2,584 2,316
Gampaha 2,064 2,096 2,109 2,123 2,138 2,152 2,165 2,177 2,191 2,300
Kalutara 1,066 1,090 1,100 1,108 1,118 1,118 1,128 1,135 1,144 1,220
Central 2,424 2,515 2,546 2,576 2,608 2,628 2,660 2,689 2,719 2,569
Kandy 1,279 1,332 1,349 1,368 1,387 1,396 1,415 1,431 1,447 1,375
Matale 441 458 465 470 476 483 490 497 504 484
Nuwara Eliya 704 725 732 738 745 749 755 761 768 710
Southern 2,278 2,349 2,367 2,392 2,419 2,443 2,470 2,494 2,519 2,472
Galle 991 1,020 1,030 1,040 1,052 1,063 1,074 1,084 1,096 1,061
Matara 761 789 795 804 813 822 831 839 847 812
Hambantota 526 540 542 548 554 558 565 571 576 599
Northern 1,041 1,087 1,097 1,111 1,123 1,172 1,187 1,193 1,203 1,063

Jaffna 491 508 515 520 524 603 607 611 617 585

Kilinochchi 127 135 137 140 143 150 154 156 160 114

Mannar 152 156 157 159 160 102 103 104 105 100

Vavuniya 150 157 161 163 164 167 169 174 177 172

Mullaitivu 121 131 127 129 132 150 154 148 144 92
Eastern 1,419 1,486 1,502 1,525 1,493 1,515 1,539 1,561 1,584 1,558

Batticaloa 486 511 516 523 523 530 537 543 550 527

Ampara 593 616 622 632 615 624 634 644 654 651

Trincomalee 340 359 364 370 355 361 368 374 380 380
North Western 2,170 2,227 2,247 2,266 2,288 2,295 2,320 2,342 2,366 2,379
Kurunegala 1,460 1,494 1,506 1,517 1,530 1,535 1,550 1,563 1,577 1,616
Puttalam 710 733 741 749 758 760 770 779 789 763
North Central 1,104 1,143 1,159 1,172 1,195 1,209 1,225 1,240 1,255 1,263

Anuradhapura 745 772 782 790 800 809 820 830 840 859

Polonnaruwa 359 371 377 382 395 400 405 410 415 404
Uva 1,178 1,230 1,247 1,263 1,281 1,291 1,309 1,326 1,342 1,265

Badulla 780 819 831 842 855 861 874 886 897 815

Monaragala 398 411 416 421 426 430 435 440 445 450
Sabaragamuwa 1,802 1,853 1,868 1,884 1,903 1,906 1,926 1,943 1,962 1,925
Ratnapura 1,016 1,056 1,068 1,082 1,095 1,099 1,113 1,125 1,139 1,086
Kegalle 786 797 800 802 808 807 813 818 823 839
Total 18,797 19,435 19,644 19,858 20,039 20,217 20,450 20,653 20,869 20,328
(a) Based on Census of Population and Housing - 2001 Source : Registrar Generals Department
(b) Historical inter-censal series of population estimates.
(c) Revised based on Statistics on Vital Events 20002010
published by Registrar Generals Department in January 2011.
(d) Provisional
(e) Based on Census of Population and Housing carried out in 2012,
covering the entire island.
14
Population Density 2001 and 2012
Province / District Total Area Inland Waters Forests Land Area(a) Population, 000 Density, Persons per Sq. km.
Sq. km. Sq. km. Sq. km. Sq. km. 2001(b) 2012(c)(d) 2001(b) 2012(c)(d)
Western 3,684 91 195 3,593 5,381 5,822 1,498 1,620

Colombo 699 23 15 676 2,251 2,310 3,330 3,417
Gampaha 1,387 46 14 1,341 2,064 2,295 1,539 1,711
Kalutara 1,598 22 166 1,576 1,066 1,217 677 772
Central 5,674 99 1,402 5,575 2,424 2,559 435 461
Kandy 1,940 23 317 1,917 1,279 1,370 667 715
Matale 1,993 41 599 1,952 441 482 226 247
Nuwara Eliya 1,741 35 486 1,706 704 707 412 414
Southern 5,544 161 932 5,383 2,278 2,465 423 459
Galle 1,652 35 236 1,617 990 1,059 613 655
Matara 1,283 13 187 1,270 761 809 600 637
Hambantota 2,609 113 509 2,496 526 597 211 239
Northern 8,884 594 3,946 8,290 1,041 (e) 1,059 126 (e) 128
Jaffna 1,025 96 3 929 491 (e) 583 528 (e) 628
Kilinochchi 1,279 74 351 1,205 127 (e) 113 106 (e) 94
Mannar 1,996 116 1,024 1,880 152 (e) 99 81 (e) 53
Vavuniya 1,967 106 889 1,861 150 (e) 172 81 (e) 92
Mullaitivu 2,617 202 1,679 2,415 122 (e) 92 50 (e) 38
Eastern 9,996 635 3,030 9,361 1,419 (e) 1,552 152 (e) 166
Batticaloa 2,854 244 517 2,610 486 (e) 525 186 (e) 201
Ampara 4,415 193 1,696 4,222 593 648 140 153
Trincomalee 2,727 198 817 2,529 340 (e) 378 135 (e) 150
North Western 7,888 382 1,002 7,506 2,169 2,370 289 316
Kurunegala 4,816 192 185 4,624 1,460 1,610 316 348
Puttalam 3,072 190 817 2,882 710 760 246 264
North Central 10,472 731 3,326 9,741 1,105 1,260 113 129
Anuradhapura 7,179 515 1,979 6,664 746 856 112 128
Polonnaruwa 3,293 216 1,347 3,077 359 403 117 131
Uva 8,500 165 2,000 8,335 1,178 1,260 141 151
Badulla 2,861 34 683 2,827 780 812 276 287
Monaragala 5,639 131 1,317 5,508 397 448 72 81
Sabaragamuwa 4,968 47 765 4,921 1,802 1,919 366 390
Ratnapura 3,275 39 648 3,236 1,016 1,082 314 334
Kegalle 1,693 8 117 1,685 786 837 466 497
All Island 65,610 2,905 16,598 62,705 18,797 20,264 300 323
(a) Total land area excluding inland waters. Sources : Surveyor Generals Office
(b) Census of Population and Housing - 2001 which is covered 18 districts. Registrar Generals Department
(c) Census of Population and Housing carried out in 2012 which is covered the entire island. Department of Census and Statistics
(d) Provisional
(e) Estimates
Table 3.7
Vital Statistics 2001 and 2004 2012
Item 2001(a)(b) 2004(b) 2005(b) 2006(b) 2007(b) 2008(c) 2009(c) 2010(c) 2011(c) 2012(c)(d)
Mid Year Population, 000 18,797 19,435 19,644 19,858 20,039 20,217 20,450 20,653 20,869 20,328
0 14 years 4,942 5,107 5,163 5,220 5,266 5,315 5,378 5,431 5,488 n.a.
15 54 years 11,374 11,763 11,887 12,016 12,126 12,230 12,373 12,495 12,625 n.a.
55 years & over 2,481 2,565 2,594 2,622 2,647 2,672 2,699 2,727 2,756 n.a.
Population Growth Rate, % 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 n.a.
Crude Birth Rate per 1,000 19.1 18.8 18.9 18.8 19.3 18.8 18.4 17.6 17.4 17.5
Crude Death Rate per 1,000 6.0 5.9 6.7 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.9 6.2 5.9 6.0
Rate of Natural Increase per 1,000 13.0 12.7 11.6 12.9 13.2 13.0 12.6 11.4 11.5 n.a.
In-Migration, 000 882 1,463 1,391 1,440 1,530 1,644 1,645 2,106 2,433 2,496
Out-Migration, 000 898 1,487 1,421 1,470 1,565 1,688 1,673 2,129 2,479 2,548
Net Migration Rate per 1,000 -0.9 -1.2 -1.5 -1.5 -1.8 -2.1 -1.7 -1.1 -2.2 -2.6
Density of Population,
(Persons per Sq. km.) 300 310 314 317 319 322 326 329 333 324
Infant Mortality per 1,000 Live Births 12.6 9.8 11.2 10.0 8.5 9.0 9.4 n.a. n.a. n.a.
(a) Based on Census of Population and Housing - 2001 Sources : Department of Census and Statistics
(b) Revised based on Statistics on Vital Events 20002011 published Registrar Generals Department
by Registrar Generals Department in January 2011.
(c) Provisional
(d) Based on Census of Population and Housing carried out in 2012.
n.a. Not available
15
Crude Birth Rates and Death Rates by District 2005 2011 Per 1,000 Persons
2005 2006 2007 2008(a) 2009(a) 2010(a) 2011(a)
District Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude Crude
Birth Death Birth Death Birth Death Birth Death Birth Death Birth Death Birth Death
Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate Rate
Colombo 26.7 8.4 25.4 9.2 24.8 8.4 23.5 7.6 22.9 8.3 22.1 8.3 21.2 8.2
Gampaha 14.0 5.2 13.2 5.0 13.6 5.0 12.9 5.0 11.6 4.6 12.4 5.3 12.5 5.2
Kalutara 15.3 5.9 15.6 5.9 16.3 6.0 15.6 6.1 15.6 6.1 14.4 6.0 14.8 6.0
Kandy 22.5 6.5 22.5 6.9 22.1 7.1 22.1 6.9 22.1 7.4 20.2 7.8 20.3 7.3
Matale 19.7 5.1 19.9 5.2 20.1 5.4 21.8 5.6 21.3 5.3 20.0 5.4 20.8 5.4
Nuwara Eliya 14.1 5.1 15.3 5.0 14.8 5.2 14.6 5.1 14.3 5.2 12.7 5.0 13.5 4.6
Galle 18.2 10.2 19.5 7.0 19.4 7.1 19.6 7.4 19.3 7.2 17.7 6.9 19.0 7.1
Matara 17.9 7.4 18.4 5.8 17.9 5.8 17.8 6.2 17.8 6.3 16.8 5.6 14.5 5.8
Hambantota 15.1 9.1 15.5 4.5 16.8 4.5 17.0 4.7 17.2 4.7 15.3 4.6 15.8 4.7
Jaffna 20.7 9.1 17.7 7.6 16.6 8.1 12.5 5.9 12.1 5.5 15.8 6.2 16.1 6.3
Kilinochchi 21.4 4.6 25.6 3.8 29.9 4.3 32.8 4.2 31.9 4.1 22.8 3.2 20.7 2.1
Mannar 13.2 2.1 10.4 2.3 10.7 2.4 13.5 2.8 13.4 2.8 13.5 3.1 14.1 3.3
Vavuniya 20.1 4.5 19.6 5.4 19.8 7.2 18.2 5.9 17.7 5.5 38.7 6.8 23.7 5.0
Mullaitivu 14.5 29.0 20.6 3.7 26.7 3.6 27.4 3.2 26.4 3.4 9.6 59.0 (b) 7.5 13.8
Batticaloa 21.1 11.0 23.1 4.0 24.5 4.3 23.5 4.3 22.3 4.3 21.5 4.2 17.7 5.1
Ampara 22.9 9.3 22.7 4.9 22.7 5.3 21.7 4.8 20.7 4.6 19.6 4.3 22.0 4.3
16
Trincomalee 22.4 5.3 22.3 4.1 26.4 4.7 26.3 4.4 25.1 4.3 22.7 3.6 23.8 3.7
Kurunegala 18.2 6.1 16.9 6.3 17.5 6.3 17.2 6.4 17.3 6.2 16.8 6.2 16.1 6.2
Puttalam 17.8 4.7 16.7 4.6 20.1 4.8 19.7 5.0 19.4 4.8 17.9 4.7 18.3 4.7
Anuradhapura 19.2 5.1 19.6 5.5 20.6 5.4 20.1 5.5 20.1 5.7 19.4 5.5 18.9 5.7
Polonnaruwa 20.1 4.6 19.6 4.3 19.1 4.6 18.6 5.0 18.4 4.7 18.2 4.5 18.1 4.4
Badulla 21.4 5.6 19.5 5.2 22.5 5.5 20.9 5.6 20.7 5.3 19.8 5.3 18.4 5.4
Monaragala 15.1 3.4 15.5 3.5 16.5 3.6 16.7 3.3 16.4 3.5 15.1 3.7 16.0 3.8
Ratnapura 17.8 5.1 19.7 5.3 18.6 5.1 18.5 5.4 19.1 5.7 17.7 4.4 18.7 5.1
Kegalle 11.1 5.8 13.7 5.6 14.9 5.9 14.4 6.3 13.9 6.0 13.4 5.6 12.6 5.7
Sri Lanka 18.9 6.7 18.8 5.9 19.3 5.9 18.8 5.9 18.4 5.9 17.6 6.2 17.4 5.9
(a) Provisional Source : Registrar Generals Department

(b) Due to abnormal situation in Northern Province past deaths were registered in Mullaitivu district in 2010.
Labour Force 2004 2012
Item 2004(a) 2005(b) 2006(c) 2007(c) 2008(d) 2009(d) 2010(d) 2011(b) 2012(b)
Household Population 000

(Aged 10 and above) 16,593 16,871 14,834 15,048 16,320 16,578 16,862 17,910 17,915
Labour Force 000 8,061 8,141 7,599 7,489 8,082 8,074 8,108 8,555 8,465
Employed 000 7,394 7,518 7,105 7,042 7,648 7,602 7,707 8,137 8,129
Unemployed 000 667 623 493 447 434 471 401 358 336

Labour Force Participation Rates, %
By Age Groups
15 19 23.2 21.4 23.6 19.2 19.7 19.0 17.2 16.3 14.8
20 24 64.4 62.3 63.1 62.5 61.6 58.8 55.9 54.5 54.7
25 29 68.6 68.0 66.2 66.3 66.0 66.7 64.2 66.1 64.6
30 34
68.9 69.7 72.2 69.2 68.1 68.2 67.2 67.5 65.8

35 39
40 44
45 49

50 54 52.9 51.3 55.9 55.6 54.8 53.6 53.8 53.1 52.7
55 59
60 & above

All Ages
(10 Years & above) 48.6 48.3 51.0 50.1 49.5 48.8 48.1 47.8 47.2

By Sector and Sex
Urban
Male 65.7 n.a. 66.7 65.5 65.8 63.4 63.6 63.0 63.4
Female 26.1 n.a. 26.2 26.7 27.8 26.3 23.8 25.6 26.4
Total 44.9 45.5 45.3 45.0 45.9 43.7 42.0 43.4 43.7
Rural
Male 66.9 n.a. 68.4 68.1 68.0 67.0 67.7 66.8 67.5
Female 32.4 n.a. 37.1 34.3 33.9 33.8 32.3 32.0 30.6
Total 49.2 48.7 52.1 50.4 50.0 49.4 49.0 48.4 48.0
All Island
Male 66.7 67.1 68.1 67.8 67.8 66.6 67.1 66.2 66.8
Female 31.5 30.9 35.7 33.4 33.2 33.0 31.2 31.2 29.9
Total 48.6 48.3 51.2 49.8 49.5 48.8 48.1 47.8 47.2
(a) Excluding Mullaitivu and Kilinochchi districts. Source : Department of Census and Statistics
(b) Data covers the entire island.
(c) Excluding Northern and Eastern provinces.
(d) Data includes the Northern province.
n.a. Not available
Labour Force : Number of persons who were employed or unemployed during the reference week.
Labour Force Participation Rate : Labour force expected as a percentage of population age 10 years and over.
Employed : Persons who are engaged in some kind of work for pay or profit or family gain during the reference week.
Unemployed : Persons who are seeking and available for work, but had no employment during the reference period.
17
Employment 2003 2012
Percentage
Item 2003(a) 2004(b) 2005(c) 2006(d) 2007(d) 2008(a) 2009(a) 2010(a) 2011(c) 2012(c)
By Industrial Category
Agriculture 34.0 33.5 30.7 32.2 31.3 32.6 32.6 32.7 33.0 31.0
Manufacturing 16.5 17.7 18.4 19.2 18.9 18.5 17.8 17.1 16.9 17.7
Construction 5.3 5.2 7.2 7.4 7.7 7.7 7.4 7.1 7.2 8.4
Trade & Hotels 14.1 13.9 13.9 15.3 14.9 14.3 14.7 15.5 15.0 14.0
Transport, Storage & Communication 5.2 5.6 6.5 6.1 6.5 5.9 5.9 6.3 6.2 8.1
Insurance & Real Estate 2.8 2.4 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.4 3.5 3.5
Personal Services 22.1(e) 21.7(e) 20.2(e) 16.8(e) 17.6(e) 17.9(e) 18.8(e) 17.9(e) 18.1(e) 17.4(e)
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

By Occupational Groups
Senior Officials and Managers 1.3 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.8
Professionals 5.1 5.5 6.3 5.3 5.2 5.9 6.0 5.6 6.2 6.4
Technicians & Associate Professionals 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.1 5.4 5.6 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.7
Clerks 4.4 4.2 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.4
Sales & Service Workers and Proprietors 13.7 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.2 14.4 14.7 14.9 15.4 14.6
Skilled Agricultural and Fishery Workers 23.4 20.3 20.8 22.4 21.4 22.2 22.5 22.3 23.1 21.5
Craft & Related Workers 15.4 14.9 16.2 17.0 17.1 16.4 15.5 15.7 15.9 17.0
Plant & Machine Operators & Assemblers 6.0 6.2 7.1 7.1 8.0 7.3 7.0 7.3 7.2 8.6
Elementary Occupations 24.7 27.3 23.4 22.2 22.4 21.9 22.6 22.6 20.6 19.6
Not Identified 1.2 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.5
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

By Employment Status
Public Employees 13.5 13.0 13.3 13.4 13.8 15.2 15.5 14.3 14.4 15.1
Private Employees 44.4 46.4 46.1 42.1 42.7 41.2 42.1 41.2 40.5 41.3
Employers 2.6 2.9 3.1 3.1 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.9 2.8
Own Account Workers 29.6 28.3 29.7 30.8 30.4 30.2 29.2 31.5 31.5 31.9
Unpaid Family Workers 9.9 9.4 7.9 10.5 10.3 10.4 10.6 10.4 10.8 8.9
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
(a) Data excludes the Northern Province. Source : Department of Census and Statistics
(b) Data excludes both Mullaitivu and Kilinochchi districts.
(c) Data covers the entire island.
(d) Data excludes both Northern and Eastern Provinces.
(e) Data includes Mining & Quarrying, Electricity, Gas & Water sub sector also.
18
Unemployment 2003 2012
Item 2003(a) 2004(b) 2005(c) 2006(d) 2007(d) 2008(a) 2009(a) 2010(a) 2011(c) 2012(c)
By Age Group
Percentage Distribution
15 - 19 19.9 18.1 19.5 17.5 15.7 15.9 14.5 14.8 n.a. n.a.
20 - 24 45.8 45.9 44.8 39.3 41.2 38.4 37.5 38.7 n.a. n.a.
25 - 29 17.2 17.4 16.4 21.5 19.7 20.9 21.3 21.2 n.a. n.a.
30 - 39 11.6 11.7 12.2 11.9 13.1 13.7 15.1 14.7 n.a. n.a.
Above 40 5.6 6.8 7.1 9.8 10.4 11.2 11.6 10.6 n.a. n.a.
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 n.a. n.a.
% of Labour Force
15 - 19 30.3 28.3 30.8 23.1 21.6 20.8 20.9 20.3 15.5 18.9
20 - 29 19.4 19.2 17.2 15.9 15.0 13.7 15.4 13.8 12.3 11.3
30 - 39 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.7 3.1 2.7 2.5
40 - 49
1.1 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.0 0.7 0.8
50 and above
Total 8.4 8.3 7.7 6.5 6.0 5.4 5.8 4.9 4.2 4.0
By Level of Education
Percentage Distribution
No Schooling

4.8 5.4 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.2 4.3 2.7 n.a. n.a.
Grade 0 - 4 (1 - 5 years)
Grade 5 - 10 (6 -11 years) 40.2 36.6 37.2 41.9 41.0 41.2 39.9 34.9 n.a. n.a.
G.C.E. (O/L) 26.1 26.2 28.6 26.6 22.0 22.8 23.1 22.7 n.a. n.a.
G.C.E. (A/L) and above 28.9 31.7 29.7 26.9 32.6 31.8 32.7 39.7 n.a. n.a.
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 n.a. n.a.
% of Labour Force
No Schooling
1.7 2.0 1.8 1.3

Grade 0 - 4 (1 - 5 years)
Grade 5 - 9 (6 -10 years) 7.4 6.9 6.3 5.8 5.2 4.5 5.0 3.6 3.3 3.2
G.C.E. (O/L) 13.0 12.3 11.5 9.9 8.2 7.8 8.5 6.9 5.2 6.0
G.C.E. (A/L) and above 16.5 16.8 13.8 11.6 11.8 10.5 11.2 11.6 9.0 7.5
Total 8.4 8.3 7.7 6.5 6.0 5.4 5.8 4.9 4.2 4.0
By Sex, % of Labour Force

Male 6.0 6.0 5.5 4.7 4.3 3.7 4.3 3.5 2.7 2.8
Female 13.2 12.8 11.9 9.7 9.0 8.4 8.6 7.7 7.0 6.2
Total 8.4 8.3 7.7 6.5 6.0 5.4 5.8 4.9 4.2 4.0
... - Negligible Source : Department of Census and Statistics

Unemployment Rate : The number of unemployed persons as a percentage of the labour force.
Unemployed : Persons who are seeking and available for work, but had no employment during the reference period.
(a) Including Eastern Province but excluding Northern Province.
(b) Excluding Millaitivu and Kilinochchi districts.
(c) All districts included.
(d) Excluding Northern and Eastern Provinces.
19
Public Sector Employment 2010 2012(a)
2010 2011 2012(b)
Service Level
Regular Other (c) Total Regular Other (c) Total Regular Other (c) Total
Government Institutions
Senior Level (d) 32,219 338,397 39,534 3,006 42,540 41,521 3,725 45,246

306,178
Tertiary Level (e) 212,700 29,551 242,251 210,411 28,398 238,809
Secondary level (f) 422,870 61,100 483,970 450,979 54,577 505,556 452,909 65,566 518,475
Primary Level (g) 96,478 50,729 147,207 135,203 55,039 190,242 129,822 60,685 190,507
Total 825,526 144,048 969,574 838,416 142,173 980,589 834,663 158,374 993,037

Semi-Government Institutions
Senior Level (d) 3,649 38,295 13,119 1,233 14,352 13,556 1,123 14,679

34,646
Tertiary Level (e) 27,070 2,495 29,565 26,898 2,564 29,462
Primary Level (g) 85,433 15,713 101,146 86,414 15,278 101,692 87,441 15,916 103,357
Total 221,583 28,434 250,017 220,380 28,819 249,199 221,697 29,581 251,278

Public Sector (Total)
Senior Level (d)
340,824 35,868 376,692 52,653 4,239 56,892 55,077 4,848 59,925
Tertiary Level (e) 239,770 32,046 271,816 237,309 30,962 268,271
Primary Level (g) 181,911 66,442 248,353 221,617 70,317 291,934 217,263 76,601 293,864
Total
1,047,109 172,482 1,219,591 1,058,796 170,992 1,229,788 1,056,360 187,955 1,244,315
Percentage

Government Institutions
Senior Level (d) 37.1 22.4 34.9 4.7 2.1 4.3 5.0 2.4 4.6

Tertiary Level (e) 25.4 20.8 24.7 25.2 17.9 24.0
Secondary level (f) 51.2 42.4 49.9 53.8 38.4 51.6 54.3 41.4 52.2
Primary Level (g) 11.7 35.2 15.2 16.1 38.7 19.4 15.6 38.3 19.2
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Semi-Government Institutions
Senior Level (d) 15.6 12.8 15.3 6.0 4.3 5.8 6.1 3.8 5.8

Tertiary Level (e) 12.3 8.7 11.9 12.1 8.7 11.7
Primary Level (g) 38.6 55.3 40.5 39.2 53.0 40.8 39.4 53.8 41.1
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Public Sector (Total)
Senior Level (d) 32.5 20.8 30.9 5.0 2.5 4.6 5.2 2.6 4.8

Tertiary Level (e) 22.6 18.7 22.1 22.5 16.5 21.6
Primary Level (g) 17.4 38.5 20.4 20.9 41.1 23.7 20.6 40.8 23.6
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
(a) Re-categorized in accordance with the definitions given in the Public Administration Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
Circular No. 06/2006 issued on 25th April 2006.
(b) Provisional.
(c) Employees on contract and casual basis.
(d) Represents Executives/Senior Executives; Judicial/Law Officers and Medical Officers.
(e) Represents Field/Office based Officers; Supra/Special Class Management Assistants; Sri Lanka Principals Service; Police Inspectors/Chief Inspectors and
similar posts in other Regulatory Services; Special Grades of Nurses/Professions Supplimentary to Medicine Services and Para-Medical Services; and
Medical Practitioners.
(f) Represents Management Assistant (Technical and Non-Technical); Associate Officers; Sri Lanka Teachers Service; Police Constables/Sergeants/Sergeant
Major/Sub-Inspectors and similar posts in other Regulatory Services; Supervisory Management Assistants; and Nurses/ PSM Services and Para-Medical
Services except the Special Grades of these services.
(g) Represents primary level un-skilled, semi-skilled and skilled employees.
20
Migration for Foreign Employment 2004 2012
Category \ Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Total Migration for Employment (No.) 214,709 231,290 201,948 218,459 250,499 247,126 267,507 262,961 279,482
Male (No.) 80,699 93,896 90,170 103,476 128,232 119,381 148,001 136,307 142,331
% 37.6 40.6 44.7 47.4 51.2 48.3 55.0 52.0 50.9
Female (No.) 134,010 137,394 111,778 114,983 122,267 127,745 119,506 126,654 137,151
% 62.4 59.4 55.3 52.6 48.8 51.7 45.0 48.0 49.1
Average No. of Migrant travellers for

employment per day 588 634 553 599 686 677 733 720 766

Migration for employment
as a % of all departures 31.6 31.4 n.a. n.a. n.a. 14.9 12.6 10.7 10.9
Migrant Employment by skills (%)

Professional 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.5
Middle level 3.1 3.5 3.3 1.8 3.5 2.6 2.6 2.3 3.3
Clerical & related 3.1 3.6 3.9 2.1 2.7 2.7 3.0 3.8 5.7
Skilled Labour 21.4 20.2 22.3 24.6 25.9 27.2 28.5 27.4 24.9
Unskilled Labour 20.1 18.1 20.3 23.9 24.0 20.3 22.6 24.1 22.3
Housemaids 51.5 54.3 49.4 46.9 43.1 46.0 42.1 40.9 42.3
Estimated stock of foreign employment 1,068,776 1,221,763 1,447,707 1,642,455 1,792,368 1,831,358 1,932,245(a) n.a. n.a.
Foreign employment as a % of total labour force 13.3 16.7 19.1 21.9 22.2 22.7 23.8(a) n.a. n.a.
Foreign employment as a % of total number

employed 14.5 17.2 20.4 23.3 23.4 24.1 25.1(a) n.a. n.a.
Migrant remittances (Rs. Mn.)

Middle-East 87,871 111,179 128,282 160,502 189,039 229,298 279,688 335,201 428,593
Other 70,420 84,077 96,381 116,226 127,079 153,503 185,683 233,902 335,387
Middle-East as % of total 55.5 56.8 57.1 58.0 59.8 59.9 60.1 58.9 56.1
As a % of Export earnings 27.1 30.6 31.4 32.7 36.0 47.0 47.8 48.7 43.9
(a) Provisional Sources : Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign Employment

n.a. Not available Department of Immigration and Emigration
21
Departures for Foreign Employment by Country 2004 2012
Country \ Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
No. % No. % No. % No.
% No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %
Middle Eastern Countries
Bahrain 3,827 1.78 3,751 1.62 4,400 2.18 4,975 2.28 4,650 1.86 5,925 2.40 7,052 2.64 5,423 2.06 4,483 1.60
Jordan 8,907 4.15 8,276 3.58 8,136 4.03 8,440 3.86 10,362 4.14 9,030 3.65 9,425 3.52 13,112 4.99 10,350 3.70
Kuwait 36,782 17.13 36,157 15.63 34,697 17.18 41,028 18.78 46,941 18.74 42,377 17.15 48,108 17.98 50,624 19.25 43,804 15.67
Lebonan 17,852 8.31 16,402 7.09 6,889 3.41 6,939 3.18 4,969 1.98 5,905 2.39 6,064 2.27 5,153 1.96 3,863 1.38
Oman 3,474 1.62 3,562 1.54 4,273 2.12 3,912 1.79 4,747 1.90 5,329 2.16 6,367 2.38 5,379 2.05 4,805 1.72
Quatar 30,015 13.98 35,953 15.54 31,458 15.58 38,943 17.83 39,476 15.76 43,888 17.76 54,676 20.44 52,743 20.06 56,925 20.37
Saudi Arabia 71,297 33.21 76,210 32.95 61,424 30.42 60,489 27.69 67,443 26.92 77,788 31.48 70,830 26.48 68,552 26.07 97,398 34.85
UAE 32,890 15.32 36,371 15.73 33,797 16.74 39,018 17.86 51,174 20.43 39,603 16.03 42,310 15.82 39,320 14.95 37,542 13.43

South East Asian Countries
Brunei 5 0.00 4 0.00 5 0.00 6 0.00 11 0.00 16 0.01 13 0.00 12 0.00 11 0.00
Hong Kong 163 0.08 171 0.07 256 0.13 316 0.14 299 0.12 352 0.14 306 0.11 366 0.14 403 0.14
Malaysia 241 0.11 1,168 0.50 3,584 1.77 1,043 0.48 1,293 0.52 1,050 0.42 3,693 1.38 2,459 0.94 2,671 0.96
Singapore 990 0.46 1,017 0.44 954 0.47 947 0.43 1,079 0.43 1,026 0.42 1,042 0.39 1,078 0.41 961 0.34
South Korea 1,304 0.61 4,850 2.10 3,653 1.81 2,680 1.23 6,995 2.79 3,993 1.62 5,261 1.97 7,406 2.82 5,568 1.99

European Countries
Cyprus 3,138 1.46 2,234 0.97 2,346 1.16 3,004 1.38 2,829 1.13 2,931 1.19 2,772 1.04 3,036 1.15 2,844 1.02
22
Greece 85 0.04 25 0.01 18 0.01 61 0.03 125 0.05 139 0.06 111 0.04 91 0.03 43 0.02
Italy 16 0.01 64 0.03 7 0.00 25 0.01 17 0.01 22 0.01 15 0.01 15 0.01 5 0.00

Other Countries
Maldives 2,532 1.18 2,738 1.18 3,467 1.72 3,915 1.79 4,228 1.69 3,902 1.58 4,178 1.56 4,194 1.59 3,950 1.41
Mauritius 353 0.16 1,057 0.46 891 0.44 947 0.43 357 0.14 654 0.26 329 0.12 361 0.14 273 0.10
Seychelles 52 0.02 596 0.26 378 0.19 326 0.15 890 0.36 622 0.25 174 0.07 178 0.07 294 0.11
United States 5 0.00 1 0.00 4 0.00 1 0.00 2 0.00 11 0.00 4 0.00 10 0.00 6 0.00
Other 781 0.36 683 0.30 1,311 0.65 1,444 0.66 2,612 1.04 2,563 1.04 4,777 1.79 3,449 1.31 3,283 1.17

Total 214,709 100.00 231,290 100.00 201,948 100.00 218,459 100.00 250,499 100.00 247,126 100.00 267,507 100.00 262,961 100.00 279,482 100.00
(a) Provisional Source : Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign Employment

Departures for Foreign Employment by Skill Level, Age Group and Gender 2010 2012
Year \ Below 20 20 24 25 29 30 34 35 39 40 44 45 49 Above Age Not
Total
Age Group 49 Reported
Departures for Professional, Middle and Clerical Level Jobs
2010 Male 161 1,651 3,707 3,383 2,446 1,752 1,261 1,539 0 15,900
Female 25 243 437 365 282 248 169 195 0 1,964
Total 186 1,894 4,144 3,748 2,728 2,000 1,430 1,734 0 17,864
2011 Male 795 2,958 1,515 5,684 2,415 1,786 1,228 1,484 1 17,866
Female 16 279 117 807 259 204 168 168 0 2,018
Total 811 3,237 1,632 6,491 2,674 1,990 1,396 1,652 1 19,884
2012(a)
Male 2,116 7,039 5,461 4,509 3,155 2,261 1,402 1,537 0 27,480
Female 24 308 477 366 272 242 185 184 1 2,059
Total 2,140 7,347 5,938 4,875 3,427 2,503 1,587 1,721 1 29,539
Departures for Skilled Level Jobs
2010 Male 1,480 9,798 13,974 12,827 9,443 7,413 5,750 4,434 1 65,120
Female 320 1,620 1,729 1,301 742 418 181 106 0 6,417
Total 1,800 11,418 15,703 14,128 10,185 7,831 5,931 4,540 1 71,537
2011 Male 899 8,326 6,158 18,520 9,224 7,520 5,569 4,929 3 61,148
Female 363 1,477 1,082 1,839 835 526 274 182 0 6,578
Total 1,262 9,803 7,240 20,359 10,059 8,046 5,843 5,111 3 67,726
2012(a)
Male 477 7,450 11,592 12,546 9,092 7,469 5,450 5,038 1 59,115
Female 476 1,753 1,604 1,272 893 600 358 204 0 7,160
Total 953 9,203 13,196 13,818 9,985 8,069 5,808 5,242 1 66,275
Departures for Semi Skilled Level Jobs
2010 Male 75 847 1,296 900 579 330 195 148 0 4,370
Female 31 194 141 78 43 27 32 16 0 562
Total 106 1,041 1,437 978 622 357 227 164 0 4,932
2011 Male 49 767 282 1,589 477 289 149 137 1 3,740
Female 4 75 14 205 54 35 26 27 0 440
Total 53 842 296 1,794 531 324 175 164 1 4,180
2012(a)
Male 39 547 839 697 381 236 131 101 0 2971
Female 12 68 113 64 66 51 36 25 0 435
Total 51 615 952 761 447 287 167 126 0 3,406
Departures for Unskilled Level Jobs
2010 Male 1,211 10,777 14,077 10,514 6,537 4,218 2,595 1,530 1 51,460
Female 214 958 1,450 1,585 1,406 1,562 1,190 597 0 8,962
Total 1,425 11,735 15,527 12,099 7,943 5,780 3,785 2,127 1 60,422
2011 Male 1,167 10,934 4,942 20,509 6,840 4,599 2,785 1,776 1 53,553
Female 133 1,160 663 2,591 1,654 1,716 1,342 868 0 10,127
Total 1,300 12,094 5,605 23,100 8,494 6,315 4,127 2,644 1 63,680
2012(a)
Male 871 10,624 12,446 11,580 7,141 4,943 3,073 2,085 2 52,765
Female 109 966 1,246 1,576 1,501 1,581 1,331 951 1 9,262
Total 980 11,590 13,692 13,156 8,642 6,524 4,404 3,036 3 62,027
Departures for Housemaid Jobs (Female only)
2010 Total 2,463 12,383 18,102 19,764 18,432 20,324 14,747 6,536 1 112,752
2011 Total 173 10,262 13,914 22,450 17,462 19,243 15,356 8,629 2 107,491
2012(a) Total 12 12,217 17,974 22,319 19,593 20,273 16,703 9,139 5 118,235
Departures for all Occupations
2010 Male 2,927 23,073 33,054 27,624 19,005 13,713 9,801 7,651 3 136,850
Female 3,053 15,398 21,859 23,093 20,905 22,579 16,319 7,450 2 130,657
Total 5,980 38,471 54,913 50,717 39,910 36,292 26,120 15,101 5 267,507
2011 Male 2,910 22,985 12,897 46,302 18,956 14,194 9,731 8,326 6 136,307
Female 689 13,253 15,790 27,892 20,264 21,724 17,166 9,874 2 126,654
Total 3,599 36,238 28,687 74,194 39,220 35,918 26,897 18,200 8 262,961
2012(a) Male 3,503 25,660 30,338 29,332 19,769 14,909 10,056 8,761 3 142,331
Female 633 15,312 21,414 25,597 22,325 22,747 18,613 10,503 7 137,151
Total 4,136 40,972 51,752 54,929 42,094 37,656 28,669 19,264 10 279,482
23
Departures for Foreign Employment by District, Province and Gender 2005 2012
Province / District / 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Year Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Female
Western 30,536 31,327 28,634 25,407 31,370 26,611 36,450 26,278 37,292 30,061 40,550 29,937 38,833 28,729 40,072 30,288
Colombo 14,993 14,734 13,883 12,122 15,565 12,388 17,835 12,238 17,568 12,987 18,834 12,761 18,150 12,837 18,781 13,162
Gampaha 10,280 10,298 9,626 8,310 10,660 8,900 12,504 8,806 13,156 10,433 14,391 11,104 13,707 10,292 14,039 10,829
Kalutara 5,263 6,295 5,125 4,975 5,145 5,323 6,111 5,234 6,568 6,641 7,325 6,072 6,976 5,600 7,252 6,297
Central 9,433 17,239 9,162 13,974 11,032 15,185 13,728 16,035 13,978 17,891 17,614 18,396 15,301 16,838 16,926 20,446
Kandy 6,544 9,998 6,366 8,100 7,715 8,512 9,817 9,126 10,119 10,615 13,213 11,988 11,010 10,415 12,209 11,704
Matale 1,827 4,382 1,776 3,365 2,057 3,757 2,557 3,802 2,611 4,012 2,979 3,808 2,689 3,437 2,915 3,769
Nuwara Eliya 1,062 2,859 1,020 2,509 1,260 2,916 1,354 3,107 1,248 3,264 1,422 2,600 1,602 2,986 1,802 4,973
Southern 8,052 13,298 7,388 10,540 8,342 10,816 9,905 9,999 9,476 12,009 11,622 12,097 11,201 11,049 12,055 12,205
Galle 4,625 7,480 4,183 5,900 4,420 5,772 5,250 5,288 5,408 6,637 6,201 6,681 6,195 6,233 6,662 6,904
Matara 2,246 3,124 2,131 2,472 2,391 2,885 2,842 2,578 2,604 3,020 3,222 2,812 3,029 2,515 3,229 2,805
Hambanthota 1,181 2,694 1,074 2,168 1,531 2,159 1,813 2,133 1,464 2,352 2,199 2,604 1,977 2,301 2,164 2,496
Northern 3,095 1,734 3,355 1,304 5,494 1,572 4,987 1,416 3,826 1,117 4,850 1,699 4,597 1,799 4,985 2,267
Jaffna 2,263 659 2,211 438 3,401 584 3,617 545 2,625 384 3,641 645 3,550 683 3,579 701
Kilinochchi 1 2 0 3 0 0 0 0 138 198
Mannar 279 365 371 287 615 309 419 221 293 179 370 267 324 299 479 351
Mullaitivu 109 39 77 25 130 40 134 40 129 30 728 759 123 49 88 72
24
Vavuniya 444 671 696 554 1,348 639 816 608 779 521 111 28 600 768 701 945
Eastern 16,420 11,081 13,587 7,841 16,567 8,254 17,027 8,638 19,895 9,060 23,466 11,385 26,404 12,676 30,874 14,857
Batticaloa 7,135 4,234 5,761 2,865 7,004 3,220 7,382 3,639 8,207 3,557 9,885 4,823 11,224 5,102 13,494 6,133
Ampara 7,617 3,360 5,937 2,475 7,419 2,533 7,460 2,172 8,970 2,432 10,352 2,748 11,284 3,066 12,597 3,529
Trincomalee 1,668 3,487 1,889 2,501 2,144 2,501 2,185 2,827 2,718 3,071 3,229 3,814 3,896 4,508 4,783 5,195
North Western 12,119 27,917 13,049 24,262 11,284 21,251 13,052 21,445 14,269 22,483 14,196 22,064 15,416 22,288 16,651 24,381
Kurunegala 8,139 19,980 9,396 18,108 7,082 14,400 8,030 14,584 8,575 14,981 7,893 13,965 9,335 15,103 9,555 15,770
Puttalam 3,980 7,937 3,653 6,154 4,202 6,851 5,022 6,861 5,694 7,502 6,303 8,099 6,081 7,185 7,096 8,611
North Central 4,409 15,290 4,459 12,015 4,820 11,793 4,975 10,910 4,823 11,348 5,719 12,740 5,751 11,772 6,139 13,130
Anuradhapura 3,154 10,755 3,167 8,544 3,376 8,275 3,447 7,713 3,142 7,946 3,615 8,874 3,623 8,219 3,749 8,656
Polonnaruwa 1,255 4,535 1,292 3,471 1,444 3,518 1,528 3,197 1,681 3,402 2,104 3,866 2,128 3,553 2,390 4,474
Uva 2,233 6,395 2,216 5,088 2,574 5,673 3,207 5,816 3,015 5,859 3,334 5,618 2,910 5,146 3,481 6,634
Badulla 1,735 5,144 1,654 4,095 1,965 4,590 2,384 4,698 2,162 4,644 2,342 4,474 2,127 4,159 2,628 5,351
Moneragala 498 1,251 562 993 609 1,083 823 1,118 853 1,215 992 1,144 783 987 853 1,283
Sabaragamuwa 6,264 11,934 6,007 9,618 6,122 9,704 7,171 9,298 7,531 11,420 8,239 10,549 7,958 9,799 8,265 10,964
Ratnapura 1,911 4,734 1,982 3,783 1,932 4,092 2,583 4,003 2,506 5,105 3,037 4,598 3,064 4,408 3,178 5,139
Kegalle 4,353 7,200 4,025 5,835 4,190 5,612 4,588 5,295 5,025 6,315 5,202 5,951 4,894 5,391 5,087 5,825
Not Indicated 1,335 1,179 2,313 1,729 5,871 4,124 17,730 12,432 5,276 6,497 7,260 6,172 7,936 6,558 2,883 1,979
Total 93,896 137,394 90,170 111,778 103,476 114,983 128,232 122,267 119,381 127,745 136,850 130,657 136,307 126,654 142,331 137,151

National Accounts Table 4.1
Summary of National Accounts 2007 2012
Item 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011(a) 2012(b)
Gross National Product (GNP), Rs. Mn.
GNP at Constant (2002) Prices 2,208,291 2,309,171 2,420,952 2,612,603 2,832,189 2,987,628
GNP at Current Market Prices 3,539,634 4,305,651 4,779,497 5,534,327 6,471,968 7,433,954

Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Rs. Mn.
GDP at Constant (2002) Prices 2,232,656 2,365,501 2,449,214 2,645,542 2,863,715 3,047,277
GDP at Current Market Prices 3,578,688 4,410,682 4,835,293 5,604,104 6,544,009 7,582,376

Real National Income at
Constant (2002) Prices (RNI), Rs. Mn. 2,166,179 2,280,779 2,388,348 2,674,241 2,861,286 3,012,400

Economic Growth Rates (In Real Terms), %
Growth of GDP 6.8 6.0 3.5 8.0 8.2 6.4

Growth of GNP 7.1 4.6 4.8 7.9 8.4 5.5
Growth of RNI 6.9 5.3 4.7 12.0 7.0 5.3

Per Capita Income, (Current Market Prices)
GDP Per Capita, Rs. 178,845 218,167 236,445 271,346 313,576 373,001
US $ 1,617 2,014 2,057 2,400 2,836 2,923
GNP Per Capita, Rs. 176,893 212,972 233,716 267,967 310,124 365,699
US $ 1,599 1,966 2,033 2,370 2,805 2,866

Expenditure (Current Market Prices), Rs. Mn.
Gross Domestic Expenditure 3,950,032 5,014,331 5,149,219 6,069,688 7,496,274 8,618,626

Consumption 2,949,712 3,799,084 3,967,770 4,524,188 5,536,095 6,295,894
Investment 1,000,320 1,215,248 1,181,449 1,545,500 1,960,179 2,322,732

Savings (Current Market Prices), Rs. Mn.
Domestic Savings 628,976 611,599 867,523 1,079,916 1,007,914 1,286,482

National Savings 834,928 784,278 1,148,305 1,418,106 1,442,503 1,819,774

Net Exports of Goods and Services
(Current Market Prices), Rs. Mn. -371,344 -603,649 -313,927 -465,584 -952,265 -1,036,250
Exports of Goods and Services 1,041,935 1,095,679 1,031,289 1,254,021 1,508,565 1,729,033
Imports of Goods and Services 1,413,278 1,699,328 1,345,216 1,719,605 2,460,830 2,765,283

Factor Income from Abroad (Net)
(Current Prices), Rs. Mn. -39,054 -105,032 -55,795 -69,776 -72,041 -148,422
(a) Revised Sources : Department of Census and Statistics

25
GDP, GNP and Deflators (Factor Cost Prices) 1960 2012
Gross Domestic Product Gross National Product

Adjusted Adjusted
Rs. Mn. Growth Rs. Mn. Growth GDP Rs. Mn. Growth Rs. Mn. Growth GNP GDP GNP
Year at Current Rate at Cons- Rate Deflator at Current Rate at Cons- Rate Deflator Deflator Deflator
Prices % tant Prices % Prices % tant Prices % (1959=100) (1959=100)
(a) (a) (b)
BASE YEAR 1959
1960 6,331 6.8 6,332 6.8 100.0 6,287 6.7 6,289 6.7 100.0 100.0 100.0
1961 6,353 0.3 6,465 2.1 98.3 6,313 0.4 6,425 2.2 98.3 98.3 98.3
1962 6,549 3.1 6,760 4.6 96.9 6,503 3.0 6,710 4.4 96.9 96.9 96.9
1963 6,849 4.6 6,951 2.8 98.5 6,797 4.5 6,900 2.8 98.5 98.5 98.5
1964 7,326 7.0 7,397 6.4 99.0 7,291 7.3 7,363 6.7 99.0 99.0 99.0
1965 7,499 2.4 7,565 2.3 99.1 7,484 2.6 7,551 2.6 99.1 99.1 99.1
1966 7,741 3.2 7,854 3.8 98.6 7,705 3.0 7,818 3.5 98.6 98.6 98.6
1967 8,318 7.5 8,255 5.1 100.8 8,265 7.3 8,210 5.0 100.7 100.8 100.7
1968 9,930 19.4 8,937 8.3 111.1 9,876 19.5 8,901 8.4 111.0 111.1 111.0
1969 10,834 9.1 9,369 4.8 115.6 10,725 8.6 9,301 4.5 115.3 115.6 115.3
1970 11,778 8.7 9,828 4.9 119.8 11,636 8.5 9,743 4.8 119.4 119.8 119.4
Base Year 1970
1970 13,187 13,187 4.9 100.0 12,967 12,967 4.8 100.0 119.8 119.4
1971 13,674 3.7 13,209 0.2 103.5 13,486 4.0 13,034 0.5 103.5 124.1 123.6
1972 14,720 7.6 13,631 3.2 108.0 14,542 7.8 13,474 3.4 107.9 129.4 128.4
1973 17,920 21.7 14,138 3.7 126.8 17,737 22.0 14,016 4.0 126.3 151.9 151.1
1974 23,302 30.0 14,585 3.2 159.8 23,119 30.3 14,449 3.1 160.0 191.5 191.1
1975 25,691 10.3 14,987 2.8 171.4 25,478 10.2 14,837 2.7 171.7 205.4 205.1
1976 28,032 9.1 15,431 3.0 181.7 27,750 8.9 15,258 2.8 181.9 217.7 217.2
1977 34,684 23.7 16,078 4.2 215.7 34,432 24.1 15,934 4.4 216.1 258.5 258.1
1978 40,479 16.7 17,401 8.2 232.6 40,242 16.9 17,329 8.8 232.2 278.8 277.3
1979 49,782 23.0 18,501 6.3 269.1 49,542 23.1 18,430 6.4 268.8 322.5 321.0
1980 62,246 25.0 19,575 5.8 318.0 61,814 24.8 19,456 5.6 317.7 381.1 379.4
1981 79,337 27.5 20,706 5.8 383.2 77,625 25.6 20,257 4.1 383.2 459.2 457.7
1982 91,643 15.5 21,756 5.1 421.2 89,609 15.4 21,229 4.8 422.1 504.8 504.1
Base Year 1982
1982 94,679 94,679 5.1 100.0 92,720 92,720 4.8 100.0 504.8 504.1
1983 113,878 20.3 99,375 5.0 114.6 110,664 19.4 96,439 4.0 114.8 578.5 579.5
1984 140,039 23.0 104,395 5.1 134.1 136,638 23.5 101,399 5.1 134.8 677.1 679.3
1985 148,321 5.9 109,570 5.0 135.4 144,921 6.1 106,741 5.3 135.8 683.4 684.5
1986 163,713 10.4 114,261 4.3 143.3 159,852 10.3 111,565 4.5 143.3 723.3 722.3
1987 177,731 8.6 115,922 1.5 153.3 173,395 8.5 113,307 1.6 153.0 774.0 771.5
1988 203,516 14.5 119,050 2.7 171.0 198,250 14.3 116,214 2.6 170.6 863.0 860.0
1989 228,138 12.1 121,729 2.3 187.4 222,399 12.2 118,874 2.3 187.1 946.1 943.2
1990 290,615 27.4 129,244 6.2 224.9 283,930 27.7 126,426 6.4 224.6 1,135.1 1,132.2
1991 337,399 16.1 135,204 4.6 249.6 330,032 16.2 132,214 4.6 249.6 1,259.7 1,258.4
1992 386,999 14.7 140,990 4.3 274.5 379,179 14.9 138,074 4.4 274.6 1,385.6 1,384.4
1993 453,092 17.1 150,783 6.9 300.5 447,113 17.9 148,744 7.7 300.6 1,516.9 1,515.3
1994 523,300 15.5 159,269 5.6 328.6 514,990 15.2 156,571 5.3 328.9 1,658.6 1,658.1
1995 598,327 14.3 167,953 5.5 356.2 591,369 14.8 165,897 6.0 356.5 1,798.3 1,797.0
1996 695,934 16.3 174,261 3.8 399.4 684,741 15.8 171,056 3.2 400.0 2,016.0 2,016.4
Base Year 1996
1996 695,934 695,934 3.8 100.0 684,676 684,676 100.0 2,016.0 2,016.4
1997 803,698 15.5 739,763 6.3 108.6 794,289 16.0 730,947 6.8 108.7 2,189.4 2,191.1
1998 912,839 13.6 774,796 4.7 117.8 901,283 13.5 764,908 4.6 117.8 2,374.8 2,374.5
1999 994,730 9.0 808,340 4.3 123.0 976,899 8.4 794,340 3.8 123.1 2,481.7 2,482.7
2000 1,125,259 13.1 857,035 6.0 131.3 1,102,177 12.8 840,200 5.8 131.2 2,647.0 2,645.5
2001 1,245,599 10.7 843,794 -1.5 147.6 1,221,768 10.9 829,055 -1.3 147.4 2,975.6 2,972.2
Base Year 2002
2002(c)
1,636,037 1,636,037 100.0 1,611,994 1,611,994 100.0 3,225.6 3,220.2
2008 4,410,682 23.2 2,365,501 6.0 186.5 4,305,651 21.6 2,309,171 4.6 186.5 6,014.4 6,004.3
2009 4,835,293 9.6 2,449,214 3.5 197.4 4,779,497 11.0 2,420,952 4.8 197.4 6,368.0 6,357.4
2010 5,604,104 15.9 2,645,542 8.0 211.8 5,534,327 15.8 2,612,603 7.9 211.8 6,832.8 6,821.4
2011(d)
6,544,009 16.8 2,863,715 8.2 228.5 6,471,968 16.9 2,832,189 8.4 228.5 7,370.9 7,358.6
2012(e)
7,582,376 15.9 3,047,277 6.4 248.8 7,433,954 14.9 2,987,628 5.5 248.8 8,026.1 8,012.6
(a) The continuous series on GDP and GNP (at 1996 Factor Cost Prices) for the period 19592001 are given Sources : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
in Table 7 of the special statistical appendix of the Central Banks 2002 Annual Report. Department of Census and Statistics
(b) The continuous GDP deflator series (1996=100) are given in Table 10 of the special statistical appendix of
the Central Bank Annual Report.
(c) Figures from 2002 onwards are based on the estimates of constant prices of the Department of Census and Statistics.
(d) Revised.
(e) Provisional.
26
Gross Domestic Product at Constant Factor Cost Prices 1960 2012(a)
Rs. Million
Year Agriculture, Mining Manu- Cons- Electri- Transport, Trade Banking, Owner- Public Services Gross
Forestry & factu- truction city Storage & Insurance ship Adminis- (n.e.s.) Domestic
& Quarry- ring Gas & Communi- & Real of tration & Product
Fishing ing Water cation Estate Dwellings Defence
Base Year 1959

1960 2,436 32 728 281 10 585 929 52 212 314 754 6,332
1965 2,773 34 937 266 14 740 1,105 90 273 372 961 7,565
1970 3,407 65 1,332 577 21 913 1,393 118 302 459 1,184 9,771
Base Year 1970
1970 3,732 95 2,197 744 101 1,258 2,533 152 399 517 1,459 13,187
1971 3,642 96 2,279 708 90 1,219 2,456 166 407 548 1,598 13,209
1972 3,755 103 2,321 651 101 1,335 2,548 175 415 583 1,644 13,631
1973 3,725 472 2,266 665 107 1,354 2,607 182 419 641 1,700 14,138
1974 3,942 295 2,163 712 108 1,462 2,771 213 455 688 1,776 14,585
1975 3,847 395 2,263 649 117 1,497 2,886 276 463 729 1,865 14,987
1976 3,894 571 2,371 685 122 1,425 2,928 246 467 760 1,962 15,431
1977 4,299 515 2,357 619 131 1,498 2,999 295 475 791 2,099 16,078
1978 4,532 619 2,541 794 158 1,607 3,267 318 499 854 2,212 17,401
1979 4,622 652 2,659 960 190 1,716 3,551 350 518 905 2,378 18,501
1980 4,766 684 2,681 1,066 209 1,838 3,849 402 549 959 2,572 19,575
1981 5,097 713 2,820 1,034 234 1,957 4,034 462 579 997 2,779 20,706
1982 5,231 742 2,955 1,013 257 2,079 4,275 517 611 1,102 2,974 21,756
Base Year 1982
1982 24,964 2,238 13,601 7,959 1,089 10,666 19,694 3,715 3,250 2,899 4,604 94,679
1983 26,212 2,413 13,710 8,039 1,161 11,281 20,738 4,130 3,315 3,786 4,590 99,375
1984 26,113 2,449 15,390 8,030 1,239 12,437 22,029 4,526 3,381 4,165 4,636 104,395
1985 28,366 2,486 16,193 8,070 1,313 12,959 22,925 4,975 3,432 4,432 4,419 109,570
1986 29,106 2,615 17,558 8,191 1,406 13,377 23,821 5,174 3,497 5,274 4,242 114,261
1987 27,409 3,112 18,748 8,338 1,448 13,538 24,496 5,490 3,550 5,435 4,358 115,922
1988 27,984 3,392 19,622 8,463 1,499 13,619 25,164 5,819 3,603 5,462 4,423 119,050
1989 27,666 3,576 20,488 8,514 1,526 13,883 25,588 6,168 3,650 6,140 4,530 121,729
1990 30,011 3,901 22,427 8,761 1,681 14,410 26,497 6,556 3,705 6,355 4,940 129,244
1991 30,570 3,511 23,949 9,033 1,800 15,534 28,556 6,831 3,761 6,304 5,355 135,204
1992 30,090 3,300 26,059 9,765 1,897 16,606 30,074 7,241 3,795 6,449 5,714 140,990
1993 31,554 3,693 28,806 10,400 2,125 17,287 32,584 8,023 3,841 6,642 5,828 150,783
1994 32,593 3,915 31,418 11,024 2,335 17,823 34,667 8,785 3,887 6,848 5,974 159,269
1995 33,659 4,048 34,294 11,564 2,573 18,803 35,906 9,707 3,938 7,218 6,243 167,953
1996 32,109 4,408 36,539 11,957 2,522 20,213 37,765 10,687 3,989 7,579 6,493 174,261
Year Agri- Mining Manu- Cons- Electri- Transport, Wholesale Financial Public Gross
culture, & factu- truction city, Gas Storage& and Retail Services, Real Administration, Domestic
Forestry Quarry- ring & Commu- Trade, Estate and Other Govt. Product
& ing Water nication Hotels and Business Services
Fishing Resturants Services and Defence
Base Year 1996
1996 156,108 13,927 112,724 48,234 9,171 74,502 159,751 68,316 53,203 695,934
1997 160,753 14,460 122,929 50,842 9,918 81,074 170,148 73,951 55,698 739,763
1998 164,804 13,677 130,702 54,461 10,921 87,266 177,611 77,944 57,411 774,796
1999 172,238 14,238 136,498 57,075 11,958 94,303 179,940 81,259 60,851 808,340
2000 175,317 14,921 149,115 59,815 12,496 101,670 195,233 85,766 62,702 857,035
2001 169,377 15,019 142,909 61,292 12,130 105,497 181,733 91,457 64,381 843,795
2002 173,623 14,858 145,864 60,796 12,044 113,525 191,505 99,820 65,213 877,248
Year Agri- Mining Manu- Cons- Electri- Transport, Trade Hotels Banking, Owner- Govern- Private Gross
culture, & factu- truction city, Gas & & Insu- ship of ment Services Domestic
Forestry Quarry- ring & Commu- Restau- rence & Dwell- Services Product
& ing Water nication rants Real ings
Fishing Estate
Base Year 2002 (b)
2002 233,615 19,888 302,365 100,404 35,608 173,745 389,332 3,460 130,465 68,371 139,094 39,691 1,636,037
2008 285,897 48,090 413,681 154,173 56,847 310,029 571,911 8,741 206,048 73,137 181,051 55,896 2,365,501
2009 295,097 52,030 427,334 162,790 58,974 329,578 570,698 9,901 217,819 74,051 191,778 59,164 2,449,214
2010 315,610 60,079 458,660 177,912 63,682 368,643 613,358 13,845 234,255 74,692 202,187 62,617 2,645,542
2011(c) 320,178 71,191 494,990 203,204 69,547 410,402 676,565 17,501 252,706 75,607 204,704 67,119 2,863,715
2012(d) 338,625 84,672 520,938 247,091 72,634 435,872 701,408 21,029 269,744 76,926 207,559 70,779 3,047,277
(a) The continuous series on GDP (at 1996 Factor Cost Prices) for the period 19592001 are given in Table 7 Sources : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
of the special statistical appendix of the Central Bank Annual Report. Department of Census and Statistics
(b) Figures from 2002 onwards are constant prices based on the estimates of the Department of Census and Statistics.
(c) Revised.
(d) Provisional.
27
Gross Domestic Product at Current Factor Cost Prices 1960 2012
Rs. Million
Year Agriculture, Mining Manu Cons- Electri- Transport, Trade Banking, Owner- Public Services Gross
Forestry & factu- truction city Storage & Insurance ship Adminis- (n.e.s.) Domestic
& Quarry- ring Gas & Communi- & Real of tration & Product
Fishing ing Water cation Estate Dwellings Defence
Base Year 1959

1960 2,390 32 712 283 10 587 937 52 214 314 801 6,331
1965 2,523 35 919 287 14 776 1,191 93 294 372 997 7,499
1970 3,951 84 1,425 744 26 1,152 1,796 152 399 517 1,459 11,704
Base Year 1970
1970 3,732 95 2,197 744 101 1,258 2,533 152 399 517 1,459 13,187
1971 3,705 112 2,399 751 113 1,270 3,076 166 407 550 1,549 13,674
1972 3,878 129 2,592 711 130 1,405 2,652 191 414 575 1,619 14,720
1973 4,892 489 3,122 802 136 1,596 3,806 220 421 654 1,782 17,920
1974 7,728 334 4,342 1,011 154 1,853 4,443 302 456 704 1,976 23,303
1975 7,798 450 5,158 1,018 164 2,079 4,975 336 639 798 2,276 25,691
1976 8,133 639 5,620 1,164 171 2,286 5,456 419 726 948 2,470 28,032
1977 10,644 595 8,023 1,133 194 2,723 6,239 542 832 1,177 2,582 34,684
1978 12,332 732 8,094 1,965 239 2,994 7,536 845 969 1,516 3,257 40,479
1979 13,412 947 9,484 3,218 398 4,744 9,435 1,243 1,293 1,664 3,944 49,782
1980 17,151 1,249 11,048 5,552 601 5,293 10,898 1,785 1,457 1,965 5,247 62,246
1981 21,977 1,514 12,883 7,001 808 7,307 14,197 2,463 1,768 2,350 7,069 79,337
1982 25,157 1,734 14,134 7,959 1,244 8,536 16,059 3,192 2,052 2,878 8,698 91,643
Base Year 1982
1982 24,964 2,238 13,601 7,959 1,089 10,666 19,694 3,715 3,250 2,899 4,604 94,679
1983 32,180 2,799 15,958 9,807 1,428 12,554 21,759 4,183 3,696 4,100 5,414 113,878
1984 40,138 3,153 20,890 11,180 1,633 15,499 27,192 4,731 3,958 5,322 6,343 140,039
1985 41,069 3,328 21,849 11,640 2,042 16,554 29,261 5,693 4,162 6,376 6,347 148,321
1986 44,355 4,155 24,869 12,272 2,252 17,911 31,808 6,840 4,578 7,945 6,728 163,713
1987 47,923 4,927 28,470 13,020 2,346 18,663 34,520 7,455 4,904 8,501 7,002 177,731
1988 53,600 5,567 31,298 14,943 2,492 21,988 40,578 9,002 5,250 11,050 7,748 203,516
1989 58,462 5,980 34,941 17,332 2,788 23,109 46,625 10,496 5,850 13,600 8,955 228,138
1990 76,488 7,098 43,264 21,541 3,652 28,655 61,812 13,225 7,138 15,840 11,902 290,615
1991 90,257 7,204 49,816 24,535 4,729 32,896 71,556 16,399 8,130 17,630 14,247 337,399
1992 100,080 6,757 59,346 28,485 4,630 38,587 83,904 20,827 9,146 18,141 17,096 386,999
1993 111,659 8,446 68,881 32,615 6,065 45,533 99,736 27,804 10,344 22,622 19,387 453,092
1994 124,370 10,473 80,482 38,323 7,727 52,591 115,021 35,617 11,513 25,314 21,869 523,300
1995 137,678 11,510 94,098 44,455 8,701 59,217 131,449 43,346 12,572 31,136 24,165 598,327
1996 156,108 13,927 112,724 48,234 9,171 73,784 155,316 49,675 14,232 35,215 27,548 695,934
Year Agri- Mining Manu- Cons- Electri- Transport, Wholesale Financial Public Gross
culture, & factu- truction city, Gas Storage & and Retail Services, Real Administration, Domestic
Forestry Quarry- ring & Commu- Trade, Estate and Other Govt. Product
& ing Water nication Hotels and Business Services
Fishing Resturants Services and Defence
Base Year 1996
1996 156,108 13,927 112,724 48,234 9,171 74,501 159,750 68,316 53,203 695,934
1997 175,774 16,587 131,876 56,434 11,280 87,192 182,518 80,709 61,328 803,698
1998 192,665 17,433 151,007 69,301 13,660 102,606 202,249 92,943 70,975 912,839
1999 205,599 18,322 163,103 75,538 14,425 114,978 218,293 106,819 77,653 994,730
2000 223,926 21,547 189,331 82,684 13,415 132,990 261,238 114,417 85,711 1,125,259
2001 249,790 23,959 198,721 95,057 16,127 151,983 269,922 138,140 101,898 1,245,599
Year Agri- Mining Manu- Cons- Electri- Transport, Trade Hotels Banking, Owner- Govern- Private Gross
culture, & factu- truction city, Gas & & Insu- ship of ment Services Domestic
Forestry Quarry- ring & Commu- Restau- rence & Dwell- Services Product
& ing Water nication rants Real ings
Fishing Estate
Base Year 2002 (a)
2002 233,615 19,888 302,365 100,404 35,608 173,745 389,332 3,460 130,465 68,371 139,094 39,691 1,636,037
2008 590,114 71,768 791,898 327,138 104,666 530,980 949,372 20,611 413,322 141,794 380,765 88,255 4,410,682
2009 613,694 79,204 875,562 366,248 113,687 599,934 948,425 24,988 499,304 161,485 445,543 107,219 4,835,293
2010 717,910 89,226 1,009,003 423,414
127,625 709,400 1,096,961 33,213 597,540 171,871 500,547 127,393 5,604,104
2011(b)
792,457 112,386
1,191,579 511,220
141,474 818,386 1,357,662 44,254 709,316 189,269 532,455 143,551 6,544,009
2012(c) 837,883 152,113
1,354,897 712,272
168,377 988,688 1,519,995 57,943 841,369 212,129 570,973 165,736 7,582,376
(a) Figures from 2002 onwards are based on the estimates of the Department of Census and Statistics. Sources : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(b) Revised. Department of Census and Statistics
(c) Provisional.
28
Gross National Product by Industrial Origin at Constant (2002) Prices of
Major Economic Activities 2007 - 2012 Rs. Million
Sector 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011(a) 2012(b)
Agriculture
265,870 285,897 295,097 315,610 320,178 338,625
1. Agriculture, Livestock and

Forestry 241,285 258,881 266,208 283,203 282,748 297,730
1.1 Tea 26,494 27,601 25,272 28,770 28,432 28,077
1.2 Rubber 5,205 5,743 6,198 6,983 7,128 6,647
1.3 Coconut 30,403 31,975 33,685 28,855 29,720 31,504
1.4 Minor Export Crops 10,706 10,478 11,028 14,955 12,114 11,507
1.5 Paddy 35,261 43,406 41,179 48,377 44,325 44,887
1.6 Livestock 19,415 20,495 21,761 22,397 24,029 25,556
1.7 Other Food Crops 85,503 89,536 95,799 99,994 102,378 112,659
1.8 Plantation Development 6,006 6,216 6,540 6,895 7,287 7,926
1.9 Firewood and Forestry 13,544 14,499 15,357 15,832 16,481 17,377
1.10 Other Agricultural Crops 8,749 8,931 9,390 10,146 10,853 11,589
2. Fishing 24,585 27,016 28,888 32,407 37,431 40,894
Industry
635,199 672,791 701,129 760,334 838,932 925,335
3. Mining & Quarrying 42,631 48,090 52,030 60,079 71,191 84,672
4. Manufacturing
394,233 413,681 427,334 458,660 494,990 520,938
4.1 Processing
(Tea, Rubber & Coconut) 14,150 14,897 14,995 15,868 16,006 17,043
4.2 Factory Industry
355,611 373,215 385,927 414,925 449,177 472,721
4.3 Cottage Industry 24,472 25,570 26,412 27,868 29,808 31,174

5. Electricity, Gas and Water 55,339 56,847 58,974 63,682 69,547 72,634
5.1 Electricity 48,303 50,184 52,017 56,291 61,722 64,352
5.2 Gas 4,525 4,062 4,280 4,593 4,855 5,100
5.3 Water 2,512 2,601 2,677 2,798 2,970 3,181

6. Construction 142,996 154,173 162,790 177,912 203,204 247,091
Services
1,331,587 1,406,813 1,452,988 1,569,598 1,704,605 1,783,318
7. Wholesale and Retail Trade

546,145 571,911 570,698 613,358 676,565 701,408
7.1 Import Trade 203,105 212,651 195,247 213,477 243,963 246,446
7.2 Export Trade 103,926 104,861 102,578 106,279 117,064 117,960
7.3 Domestic Trade 239,115 254,400 272,872 293,602 315,538 337,002

8. Hotels and Restaurants 9,199 8,741 9,901 13,845 17,501 21,029
9. Transport and Communication

286,764 310,029 329,578 368,643 410,402 435,872
9.1 Transport 241,648 256,954 272,086 302,983 337,088 357,221
9.2 Cargo Handling Ports and
Civil Aviation 14,773 15,951 16,017 18,706 20,060 21,194
9.3 Post and Telecommunication 30,343 37,124 41,475 46,953 53,254 57,457

10. Banking, Insurance and
Real Estate etc. 193,375 206,048 217,819 234,255 252,706 269,744
11. Ownership of Dwellings 72,345 73,137 74,051 74,692 75,607 76,926
12. Government Services
171,259 181,051 191,778 202,187 204,704 207,559
13. Private Services 52,500 55,896 59,164 62,617 67,119 70,779
Gross Domestic Product

2,232,656 2,365,501 2,449,214 2,645,542 2,863,715 3,047,277
Net Factor Income from Abroad
-24,365 -56,330 -28,262 -32,939 -31,526 -59,649
Gross National Product
2,208,291 2,309,171 2,420,952 2,612,603 2,832,189 2,987,628
(a) Revised Source : Department of Census and Statistics

(b) Provisional
29
Gross National Product by Industrial Origin at Current Prices of
Major Economic Activities 2007 - 2012 Rs. Million
Sector 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011(a) 2012(b)
Agriculture
418,104 590,114 613,694 717,910 792,457 837,883

1. Agriculture, Livestock and
Forestry
363,404 522,180 534,140 624,134 683,254 702,916
1.1 Tea 49,283 57,500 64,476 72,314 67,896 74,065
1.2 Rubber 21,553 28,029 19,278 44,096 62,724 50,255
1.3 Coconut 40,742 65,251 52,585 60,439 72,439 65,551
1.4 Minor Export Crops 11,134 14,477 13,086 17,888 18,088 19,849
1.5 Paddy 44,630 100,013 102,776 113,883 95,807 96,758
1.6 Livestock 40,650 45,721 52,412 54,526 57,484 62,341
1.7 Other Food Crops
107,760 152,383 163,276 191,408 233,292 250,949
1.8 Plantation Development 7,731 9,557 11,169 11,878 13,009 15,117
1.9 Firewood and Forestry 26,655 31,022 35,861 33,720 36,010 40,089
1.10 Other Agricultural Crops 13,266 18,226 19,222 23,982 26,504 27,943
2. Fishing 54,700 67,934 79,554 93,777 109,204 134,967

Industry
1,070,737 1,295,470 1,434,701 1,649,268 1,956,658 2,387,659
3. Mining & Quarrying 56,645 71,768 79,204 89,226 112,386 152,113
4. Manufacturing 661,983 791,898 875,562 1,009,003 1,191,579 1,354,897

4.1 Processing
(Tea, Rubber & Coconut) 21,553 32,261 38,354 45,707 53,384 62,619
4.2 Factory Industry
605,544 720,979 795,032 916,407 1,084,256 1,233,234
4.3 Cottage Industry 34,886 38,658 42,176 46,888 53,939 59,044

5. Electricity, Gas and Water 88,005 104,666 113,687 127,625 141,474 168,377
5.1 Electricity 70,976 87,116 96,321 106,029 115,854 137,558
5.2 Gas 12,754 13,158 12,224 15,616 19,003 22,874
5.3 Water 4,275 4,391 5,142 5,980 6,616 7,945

6. Construction 264,104 327,138 366,248 423,414 511,220 712,272

Services 2,089,847 2,525,099 2,786,897 3,236,926 3,794,893 4,356,834
7. Wholesale and Retail Trade 790,628 949,372 948,425 1,096,961 1,357,662 1,519,995
7.1 Import Trade 282,510 343,254 282,929 341,798 468,713 509,664
7.2 Export Trade 141,973 148,799 138,950 157,590 186,904 203,739
7.3 Domestic Trade 366,145 457,319 526,546 597,573 702,046 806,592

8. Hotels and Restaurants 18,367 20,611 24,988 33,213 44,254 57,943
9. Transport and Communication

423,820 530,980 599,934 709,400 818,386 988,688
9.1 Transport 353,402 446,677 558,206 656,469 753,942 925,764
9.2 Cargo Handling Ports and
Civil Aviation 18,501 21,585 21,488 25,667 28,149 32,727
9.3 Post and Telecommunication 51,918 62,718 20,240 27,263 36,295 30,197

Real Estate etc. 328,158 413,322 499,304 597,540 709,316 841,369
11. Ownership of Dwellings
126,212 141,794 161,485 171,871 189,269 212,129
12. Government Services
333,758 380,765 445,543 500,547 532,455 570,973
13. Private Services 68,905 88,255 107,219 127,393 143,551 165,736

Gross Domestic Product 3,578,688 4,410,682 4,835,293 5,604,104 6,544,009 7,582,376
Net Factor Income from Abroad
-39,054 -105,032 -55,795 -69,776 -72,041 -148,422
Gross National Product
3,539,634 4,305,651 4,779,497 5,534,327 6,471,968 7,433,954

(b) Provisional
30
Composition of Gross Domestic Product at Current Prices (2007 2012)
Rupees Million Growth Rates (%)

Item

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011(a) 2012(b) 2007
2008
2009 2010 2011(a) 2012(b)

3,578,688 4,410,682 4,835,293 5,604,104 6,544,009 7,582,376 21.8 23.2 9.6 15.9 16.8 15.9
Agriculture, Forestry & Fisihing 418,104 590,114 613,694 717,910 792,457 837,883 25.5 41.1 4.0 17.0 10.4 5.7
Mining & Quarrying 56,645 71,768 79,204 89,226 112,386 152,113 22.6 26.7 10.4 12.7 26.0 35.3
Manufacturing 661,983 791,898 875,562 1,009,003 1,191,579 1,354,897 17.2 19.6 10.6 15.2 18.1 13.7
Electricity, Gas & Water 88,005 104,666 113,687 127,625 141,474 168,377 21.5 18.9 8.6 12.3 10.9 19.0
Construction 264,104 327,138 366,248 423,414 511,220 712,272 21.8 23.9 12.0 15.6 20.7 39.3
Wholesale & Retail Trade 790,628 949,372 948,425 1,096,961 1,357,662 1,519,995 19.9 20.1 -0.1 15.7 23.8 12.0
Hotels & Restaurants 18,367 20,611 24,988 33,213 44,254 57,943 10.3 12.2 21.2 32.9 33.2 30.9
Transport, & Communication 423,820 530,980 599,934 709,400 818,386 988,688 22.9 25.3 13.0 18.2 15.4 20.8
Banking, Insurance & Real Estate etc. 328,158 413,322 499,304 597,540 709,316 841,369 22.9 26.0 20.8 19.7 18.7 18.6
Ownership of Dwellings 126,212 141,794 161,485 171,871 189,269 212,129 22.3 12.3 13.9 6.4 10.1 12.1
Government Services 333,758 380,765 445,543 500,547 532,455 570,973 29.4 14.1 17.0 12.3 6.4 7.2
Private Services 68,905 88,255 107,219 127,393 143,551 165,736 23.3 28.1 21.5 18.8 12.7 15.5

Gross Domestic Product by Expenditure
(Current Market Prices)
3,578,688 4,410,682 4,835,293 5,604,104 6,544,009 7,582,376 21.8 23.2 9.6 15.9 16.8 15.9
Consumption
2,949,712 3,799,084 3,967,770 4,524,188 5,536,095 6,295,894 20.9 28.8 4.4 14.0 22.4 13.7
Government 546,545 713,788 851,549 872,610 967,702 1,021,443 21.1 30.6 19.3 2.5 10.9 5.6
Private
2,403,167 3,085,296 3,116,221 3,651,578 4,568,393 5,274,451 20.9 28.4 1.0 17.2 25.1 15.5
Gross Domestic Capital Formation

1,000,320 1,215,248 1,181,449 1,545,500 1,960,179 2,322,732 21.7 21.5 -2.8 30.8 26.8 18.5
Government 192,903 286,133 317,964 344,704 409,503 524,646 61.9 48.3 11.1 8.4 18.8 28.1
Private 807,417 929,115 863,485 1,200,795 1,550,676 1,798,086 14.8 15.1 -7.1 39.1 29.1 16.0

Net Exports of Goods and Services
-371,344 -603,649 -313,927 -465,584 -952,265 -1,036,250 -14.8 -62.6 48.0 -48.3 -104.5 -8.8
Exports of Goods and Services
1,041,935 1,095,679 1,031,289 1,254,021 1,508,565 1,729,033 17.7 5.2 -5.9 21.6 20.3 14.6
Imports of Goods and Services
1,413,278 1,699,328 1,345,216 1,719,605 2,460,830 2,765,283 16.9 20.2 -20.8 27.8 43.1 12.4

(b) Provisional
31
Investment and Savings (Current Market Prices) 2006 2012
Rs. Million
Item 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011(a) 2012(b)
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 2,938,680 3,578,688 4,410,682 4,835,293 5,604,104 6,544,009 7,582,376
Consumption 2,439,816 2,949,712 3,799,084 3,967,770 4,524,188 5,536,095 6,295,894
Investment 822,240 1,000,320 1,215,248 1,181,449 1,545,500 1,960,179 2,322,732
Net Exports of Goods & Services -323,376 -371,344 -603,649 -313,927 -465,584 -952,265 -1,036,250
Domestic Savings
(GDP Consumption) 498,864 628,976 611,598 867,523 1,079,916 1,007,914 1,286,482
Net Factor Income from abroad -40,424 -39,054 -105,032 -55,795 -69,776 -72,041 -148,422
Net Private Transfers from abroad 197,861 245,006 277,711 336,578 407,967 506,630 681,714
National Savings 656,302 834,928 784,278 1,148,305 1,418,106 1,442,503 1,819,774
National Savings Investment Gap -165,939 -165,392 -430,970 -33,144 (c) -127,393 -517,676 -502,958
Financing the Gap 165,939 165,392 430,970 24,242 (c) 127,393 517,681 502,958
Capital Transfers (net) 30,292 29,669 31,456 26,832 18,521 18,126 16,951
Official Transfers (net)
from abroad (current) 10,524 10,677 10,928 8,920 5,918 6,587 6,899
Foreign Direct Investment, (net) 46,985 60,768 74,837 44,112 49,008 99,265 103,456
Foreign Portfolio Investment (net) 5,377 11,249 6,460 -785 -26,010 -18,979 38,681
Private Foreign Loans (net) -3,590 3,314 7,768 9,105 17,569 19,489 73,262
Government Foreign Loans (net) 51,694 75,971 26,568 96,555 201,650 245,553 195,964
Commercial Banks Assets 23,789 -31,352 17,889 -51,298 33,343 14,724 -46,801
Commercial Banks Liabilities 39,287 38,746 -11,858 -8,836 84,356 81,555 227,067
Other -3,066 42,612 40,592 183,696 -56,403 -1,090 22,396
Valuation Adjustments,
Errors and Omissions -1,830 -16,259 80,534 40,082 -112,586 -53,399 -62,279
Monetary Movement -33,523 -60,002 145,795 -315,221 -87,974 105,850 -72,638
Per cent of GDP

Investment 28.0 28.0 27.6 24.4 27.6 30.0 30.6
Domestic Savings 17.0 17.6 13.9 17.9 19.3 15.4 17.0
National Savings 22.3 23.3 17.8 23.7 25.3 22.0 24.0
Savings-Investment Gap -5.6 -4.6 -9.8 -0.7 -2.3 -7.9 -6.6
(a)
Revised Sources : Deparatment of Census and Statistics
(b)
Provisional Central Bank of Sri Lanka.
(c) The difference is due to the lag in compilation
Table 4.9
Quarterly Estimates of GDP [at Constant (2002) Prices]
2011(a) 2012(b)
Sector
1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr 1st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
Rs. Million
Agriculture 85,264 77,907 88,151 68,857 96,347 85,926 87,598 68,754
Industry 203,086 195,360 217,903 222,583 225,057 213,953 233,832 252,493
Services 406,689 413,567 442,703 441,646 430,186 432,150 462,909 458,073
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 695,038 686,833 748,757 733,086 751,590 732,028 784,339 779,320
Gross National Product (GNP) 686,398 688,469 736,072 721,649 741,741 714,255 772,572 759,840
Growth, %
Agriculture -4.4 1.9 6.6 2.4 13.0 10.3 -0.6 -0.1
Industry 11.1 9.5 10.8 10.0 10.8 9.5 7.3 13.4
Services 9.5 8.8 7.8 8.5 5.8 4.5 4.6 3.7
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 8.0 8.1 8.5 8.3 8.1 6.6 4.8 6.3
Gross National Product (GNP) 8.8 9.8 6.5 8.7 8.1 3.7 5.0 5.3
(a) Revised Source : Deparatment of Census and Statistics

(b) Provisional
32
Aggregate Demand
Current Market Prices (Rs. Mn.) Constant (2002) Prices (Rs. Mn.)
Item
2010 2011(a) 2012(b) 2010 2011(a) 2012(b)
A. Domestic Demand
Consumption
4,524,188 5,536,095 6,295,894 2,145,036 2,422,786 2,556,181
(% Change) 14.0 22.4 13.7 7.6 12.9 5.5
Gross Domestic Capital Formation

1,545,500 1,960,179 2,322,732 768,341 827,480 882,311
(% Change) 30.8 26.8 18.5 14.5 7.7 6.6

Total Domestic Demand
6,069,688 7,496,274 8,618,626 2,913,377 3,250,266 3,438,492
(% Change) 17.9 23.5 15.0 9.4 11.6 5.8

B. External Demand
Exports of Goods and Services
1,254,021 1,508,565 1,729,033 723,880 803,507 804,793
(% Change) 21.6 20.3 14.6 8.8 11.0 0.2
Imports of Goods and Services

1,719,605 2,460,830 2,765,283 991,714 1,190,057 1,196,008
(% Change) 27.8 43.1 12.4 12.6 20.0 0.5
Net Extermal Demand -465,584 -952,265 -1,036,250 -267,835 -386,551 -391,215

C. Total Demand
5,604,104 6,544,009 7,582,376 2,645,542 2,863,715 3,047,277
(% Change) 15.9 16.8 15.9 8.0 8.2 6.4

33
Provincial Gross Domestic Product by Industrial Origin at Current Prices 2006 2011
Year \ Western Central Southern Northern Eastern North North Uva Sabara- Total
Province Western Central gamuwa
GDP Shares (Rs. Mn.)

2006 1,472,065 259,829 292,500 81,978 143,523 267,103 117,848 125,410 178,425 2,938,680
2007 1,663,759 343,804 377,469 104,224 185,474 353,670 142,608 176,997 230,685 3,578,688
2008 2,003,055 430,579 464,723 139,001 246,436 438,606 206,749 200,102 281,431 4,410,682
2009 2,216,346 473,416 509,053 155,828 279,363 466,041 221,294 219,293 294,659 4,835,293
2010(a) 2,512,908 562,744 598,976 189,740 333,969 534,831 266,954 253,177 350,806 5,604,104
2011(b) 2,905,159 644,159 726,996 241,200 375,288 652,136 300,042 292,463 406,566 6,544,009
GDP Shares (Percentage)
2006 50.1 8.8 10.0 2.8 4.9 9.1 4.0 4.3 6.1 100.0
2007 46.5 9.6 10.5 2.9 5.2 9.9 4.0 4.9 6.4 100.0
2008 45.4 9.8 10.5 3.2 5.6 9.9 4.7 4.5 6.4 100.0
2009 45.8 9.8 10.5 3.2 5.8 9.6 4.6 4.5 6.1 100.0
2010(a) 44.8 10.0 10.7 3.4 6.0 9.5 4.8 4.5 6.3 100.0
2011(b) 44.4 9.8 11.1 3.7 5.7 10.0 4.6 4.5 6.2 100.0
GDP By Sector (Rs. Mn.)
2006
Agriculture 24,730 55,546 45,488 16,453 25,542 53,220 33,638 39,847 38,674 333,137
Industry 488,168 67,818 102,792 5,232 49,753 79,364 23,837 28,640 54,874 900,479
Services 959,168 136,465 144,220 60,292 68,228 134,519 60,374 56,923 84,877 1,705,064
Total 1,472,065 259,829 292,500 81,978 143,523 267,103 117,848 125,410 178,425 2,938,680

2007
Agriculture 48,595 58,083 63,652 18,647 28,444 58,593 28,743 67,654 45,695 418,104
Industry 531,248 99,293 113,243 8,871 70,127 114,664 37,041 32,887 63,363 1,070,737
Services 1,083,915 186,428 200,574 76,706 86,903 180,413 76,824 76,456 121,626 2,089,847
Total 1,663,759 343,804 377,469 104,224 185,474 353,670 142,608 176,997 230,685 3,578,688

2008
Agriculture 62,076 88,556 81,510 27,837 54,452 86,836 62,779 63,859 62,208 590,114
Industry 634,274 122,246 138,869 10,496 84,509 139,005 44,326 41,946 79,798 1,295,470
Services 1,306,706 219,777 244,343 100,668 107,475 212,765 99,643 94,297 139,425 2,525,099
Total 2,003,055 430,579 464,723 139,001 246,436 438,606 206,749 200,102 281,431 4,410,682

2009
Agriculture 60,955 90,700 88,036 28,582 63,879 87,734 67,902 67,263 58,642 613,694
Industry 732,406 128,536 163,563 14,534 93,667 137,572 44,043 44,750 75,630 1,434,701
Services 1,422,985 254,180 257,453 112,711 121,817 240,735 109,348 107,280 160,387 2,786,897
Total 2,216,346 473,416 509,053 155,828 279,363 466,041 221,294 219,293 294,659 4,835,293

2010 (a)
Agriculture 75,942 101,741 100,284 30,970 73,959 97,583 77,301 82,298 77,832 717,910
Industry 802,790 161,227 206,548 28,836 98,357 162,209 54,924 49,023 85,352 1,649,268
Services 1,634,176 299,776 292,143 129,933 161,652 275,039 134,729 121,857 187,621 3,236,926
Total 2,512,908 562,744 598,976 189,740 333,969 534,831 266,954 253,177 350,806 5,604,104
2011 (b)
Agriculture 93,308 113,245 112,346 58,464 60,670 110,615 70,062 88,073 85,675 792,457
Industry 948,994 170,503 254,228 45,005 118,608 193,791 65,036 57,167 103,327 1,956,658
Services 1,862,858 360,412 360,422 137,730 196,011 347,729 164,945 147,223 217,564 3,794,893
Total 2,905,159 644,159 726,996 241,200 375,288 652,136 300,042 292,463 406,566 6,544,009

34
Provincial Gross Domestic Product by Industrial Origin at Current Prices 2010(a)
Rs. Million
Sector \ Province Western Central Southern Northern Eastern North North Uva Sabara- All
Western Central gamuwa Island
Agriculture 75,942 101,741 100,284 30,970 73,959 97,583 77,301 82,298 77,832 717,910
1. Agriculture, Livestock and Forestry 53,907 101,517 76,456 24,040 52,221 83,372 73,936 81,396 77,289 624,134
1.1 Tea 3,626 21,197 22,042 6,545 18,904 72,314
1.2 Rubber 14,478 1,691 1,671 2,003 3,720 20,534 44,096
1.3 Coconut 10,321 3,424 9,074 2,157 1,804 22,467 3,332 2,899 4,962 60,439
1.4 Minor Export Crops 1,108 3,903 9,437 0 3 213 4 515 2,704 17,888
1.5 Paddy 4,122 5,497 10,076 5,225 27,382 15,479 30,411 7,832 7,859 113,883
1.6 Livestock 8,728 4,135 2,893 4,772 6,077 16,449 6,125 3,454 1,893 54,526
1.7 Other Food Crops 6,698 49,196 15,547 10,407 12,587 15,407 24,756 46,043 10,765 191,408
1.8 Plantation Development 1,909 1,767 2,202 145 121 1,644 224 884 2,982 11,878
1.9 Firewood and Forestry 619 7,026 605 493 2,577 5,395 6,731 6,565 3,710 33,720
1.10 Other Agricultural Crops 2,298 3,681 2,910 841 1,669 4,314 2,354 2,939 2,977 23,982
2. Fishing 22,035 224 23,829 6,930 21,739 14,211 3,364 902 543 93,777
Industry 802,790 161,227 206,548 28,836 98,357 162,209 54,924 49,023 85,352
1,649,268
3. Mining & Quarrying 31,621 6,435 22,793 6,526 5,886 3,539 4,537 2,573 5,318 89,226
4. Manufacturing 570,806 74,587 79,836 4,428 35,497 125,965 25,851 28,452 63,580
1,009,003
4.1 Processing
(Tea, Rubber & Coconut) 7,337 8,169 8,940 227 241 3,121 360 4,038 13,275 45,707
4.2 Factory Industry 549,473 61,909 67,280 3,136 31,780 110,791 20,099 23,006 48,933 916,407
4.3 Cottage Industry 13,996 4,508 3,616 1,066 3,476 12,054 5,392 1,408 1,373 46,888
5. Electricity, Gas and Water 43,307 56,343 5,938 966 3,299 5,516 2,240 2,712 7,302 127,625
5.1 Electricity 29,692 54,432 4,105 788 2,168 4,494 1,657 2,261 6,431 106,029
5.2 Gas 9,695 1,468 1,236 154 882 893 342 272 675 15,616
5.3 Water 3,920 443 597 24 249 130 241 179 196 5,980
6. Construction 157,056 23,862 97,981 16,916 53,674 27,189 22,297 15,286 9,152 423,414
Services
1,634,176 299,776 292,143 129,933 161,652 275,039 134,729 121,857 187,621 3,236,926
7. Wholesale and Retail Trade 604,081 92,574 111,499 10,793 35,652 104,723 36,313 37,638 63,687
1,096,961
7.1 Import Trade 176,531 23,563 33,913 5,631 18,447 39,638 12,839 12,525 18,712 341,798
7.2 Export Trade 71,128 18,074 22,412 843 4,175 15,350 2,927 6,223 16,457 157,590
7.3 Domestic Trade 356,423 50,937 55,174 4,319 13,030 49,736 20,547 18,890 28,518 597,573
8. Hotels and Restaurants 13,741 5,830 9,211 621 598 1,670 1,256 143 143 33,213
9. Transport and Communication 286,613 85,330 72,105 18,667 34,468 77,286 39,028 35,157 60,745 709,400
9.1 Transport 255,658 81,899 68,778 16,625 31,633 74,210 36,447 33,110 58,108 656,469
9.2 Cargo Handling
Ports and Civil Aviation 24,633 133 902
25,667
9.3 Post and Telecommunication 6,322 3,431 3,194 2,043 1,933 3,076 2,581 2,047 2,637 27,263

Real Estate etc. 453,057 28,856 22,978 8,734 15,925 26,291 16,269 11,603 13,829 597,540
11. Ownership of Dwellings 87,274 19,699 16,381 2,951 6,665 13,839 7,045 6,972 11,044 171,871
12. Government Services 125,848 59,068 47,196 82,200 59,779 40,860 30,105 25,418 30,074 500,547
13. Private Services 63,561 8,418 12,772 5,967 8,566 10,369 4,714 4,925 8,099 127,393

2,512,908 562,744 598,976 189,740 333,969 534,831 266,954 253,177 350,806 5,604,104
Per cent of GDP Contribution 44.8 10.0 10.7 3.4 6.0 9.5 4.8 4.5 6.3 100.0
Per Capita GDP by

Current Prices (Rs.) 428,458 209,276 240,167 159,044 213,945 228,365 215,286 190,933 180,548 271,346

35
Provincial Gross Domestic Product by Industrial Origin at Current Prices 2011(a)
Rs. Million
Sector \ Province Western Central Southern Northern Eastern North North Uva Sabara- All
Agriculture 93,308 113,245 112,346 58,464 60,670 110,615 70,062 88,073 85,675 792,457
1. Agriculture, Livestock and Forestry 66,859 112,990 86,752 46,114 37,190 94,814 66,286 87,140 85,108 683,254
1.1 Tea 3,980 21,016 20,611 5,348 16,942 67,896
1.2 Rubber 21,887 2,146 4,486 2,208 4,813 27,183 62,724
1.3 Coconut 12,380 4,015 11,517 2,781 1,957 28,334 3,458 2,948 5,049 72,439
1.4 Minor Export Crops 760 4,427 9,519 0 5 322 5 415 2,635 18,088
1.5 Paddy 3,275 4,272 10,723 8,484 15,127 14,587 27,152 7,215 4,974 95,807
1.6 Livestock 9,245 4,055 2,926 6,478 5,846 17,508 5,621 3,603 2,202 57,484
1.7 Other Food Crops 9,286 58,803 20,445 25,607 9,710 19,382 22,395 52,294 15,370 233,292
1.8 Plantation Development 2,450 1,741 2,346 178 125 1,957 222 840 3,150 13,009
1.9 Firewood and Forestry 639 8,382 871 1,012 3,342 5,880 5,261 6,369 4,255 36,010
1.10 Other Agricultural Crops 2,956 4,133 3,308 1,574 1,078 4,637 2,174 3,295 3,348 26,504
2. Fishing 26,449 255 25,594 12,351 23,480 15,801 3,775 933 567 109,204
Industry 948,994 170,503 254,228 45,005 118,608 193,791 65,036 57,167 103,327
1,956,658
3. Mining & Quarrying 32,307 8,867 30,043 11,944 8,368 4,764 4,771 3,123 8,197 112,386
4. Manufacturing 681,910 84,352 94,574 5,148 38,689 150,107 31,090 31,428 74,282
1,191,579
4.1 Processing
(Tea, Rubber & Coconut) 10,346 8,451 9,981 320 225 4,020 398 3,844 15,801 53,384
4.2 Factory Industry 655,322 70,725 80,087 3,416 34,874 132,677 24,501 25,768 56,887
1,084,256
4.3 Cottage Industry 16,242 5,177 4,505 1,413 3,590 13,410 6,191 1,816 1,594 53,939
5. Electricity, Gas and Water 57,377 47,187 9,309 1,532 5,223 5,525 3,754 4,328 7,237 141,474
5.1 Electricity 41,269 44,845 7,103 1,308 3,829 4,406 3,060 3,817 6,217 115,854
5.2 Gas 11,831 1,830 1,519 200 1,119 970 419 313 801 19,003
5.3 Water 4,277 512 687 25 275 149 275 198 220 6,616
6. Construction 177,399 30,097 120,302 26,381 66,327 33,395 25,420 18,287 13,610 511,220
Services
1,862,858 360,412 360,422 137,730 196,011 347,729 164,945 147,223 217,564
3,794,893
7. Wholesale and Retail Trade 732,235 106,481 138,413 17,387 52,647 142,664 46,579 45,758 75,499
1,357,662
7.1 Import Trade 245,367 31,618 46,597 8,429 23,941 54,775 17,872 16,397 23,716 468,713
7.2 Export Trade 89,739 20,287 24,897 698 4,729 19,497 3,458 6,170 17,428 186,904
7.3 Domestic Trade 397,128 54,576 66,918 8,259 23,977 68,392 25,248 23,191 34,355 702,046
8. Hotels and Restaurants 17,742 8,015 12,467 1,025 900 2,102 1,618 192 192 44,254
9. Transport and Communication 332,780 97,480 85,303 30,815 32,926 89,832 46,308 42,208 60,734 818,386
9.1 Transport 297,553 92,886 80,881 28,076 29,218 85,741 42,848 39,470 57,268 753,942
9.2 Cargo Handling
Ports and Civil Aviation 26,836 200 1,112
28,149
9.3 Post and Telecommunication 8,390 4,594 4,221 2,739 2,596 4,091 3,460 2,738 3,466 36,295

Real Estate etc. 476,425 45,348 37,351 18,679 25,789 41,011 23,645 18,321 22,747 709,316
11. Ownership of Dwellings 96,027 21,717 18,039 3,244 7,374 15,243 7,774 7,693 12,158 189,269
12. Government Services 136,089 71,875 54,458 59,868 66,677 45,190 33,700 27,489 37,111 532,455
13. Private Services 71,560 9,496 14,391 6,713 9,697 11,686 5,322 5,561 9,124 143,551

2,905,159 644,159 726,996 241,200 375,288 652,136 300,042 292,463 406,566
6,544,009
Per cent of GDP Contribution 44.4 9.8 11.1 3.7 5.7 10.0 4.6 4.5 6.2 100.0
Per Capita GDP by

Current Prices (Rs.) 490,819 236,910 288,605 200,498 236,925 275,628 239,078 217,930 207,220 313,576

36
Agriculture Table 5.1
Tea 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Area, Hectares (b) 187,971 210,621 221,969 222,000 222,000 222,000 222,000 222,000 222,000 222,000
High Grown 52,410 40,302 41,137 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Medium Grown 61,386 69,529 71,018 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Low Grown 74,175 100,790 109,814 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

Replanted Area, Hectares 939 1,245 1,351 1,293 1,442 1,385 1,126 1,399 1,209 1,288

Fertilizer Issues (wholesale),
MT 000 168 178 178 165 157 132 188 n.a. n.a. n.a.

Factories, No. (c) 840 657 681 661 643 864 876 702 695 700
High Grown 197 157 170 161 146 202 205 172 169 167
Medium Grown 196 132 143 129 120 193 183 117 114 108
Low Grown 447 368 368 371 377 469 488 413 412 425

Production, Mn. Kgs. 303.2 308.1 317.2 310.8 305.2 318.7 291.0 331.4 327.5 328.4
High Grown 81.6 74.6 80.4 74.7 73.9 84.4 73.0 79.1 78.2 73.6
Medium Grown 54.0 49.7 55.1 51.5 50.9 49.0 45.0 56.1 52.6 52.6
Low Grown 167.7 183.9 181.8 184.6 180.4 185.3 173.0 196.2 196.7 202.1

Cost of Production, Rs./Kg. 135.58 157.34 168.41 188.40 236.50 262.60 269.01 314.17 355.02 391.39

Colombo Auction Price, Rs./Kg. 149.05 180.74 185.84 198.87 279.01 301.63 360.85 371.54 360.68 392.40
High Grown 138.31 171.78 170.85 205.14 256.02 269.01 325.39 340.68 333.82 378.91
Medium Grown 126.18 157.96 161.37 174.88 242.16 260.68 317.75 331.68 321.24 351.43
Low Grown 160.86 189.80 198.59 203.44 297.16 325.64 384.99 393.48 380.34 407.47

Quantity Sold at Colombo
Auctions, Mn. Kgs. 304.4 270.3 273.5 266.5 242.4 266.7 270.8 317.4 290.2 313.0
High Grown 81.8 59.1 61.1 56.8 52.6 61.8 57.5 71.1 66.1 66.2
Medium Grown 50.5 41.7 43.8 43.8 38.3 42.7 42.7 51.2 46.2 47.2
Low Grown 172.1 169.6 168.6 165.9 151.7 162.0 170.6 195.1 177.9 198.9

Exports (d)
Value, Rs. Mn. 65,936 74,897 81,483 91,667 113,565 137,606 136,194 162,793 164,869 180,429
Quantity, Mn. Kgs. 298.3 300.3 308.9 327.4 311.8 319.6 289.7 328.0 323.0 319.9
F.O.B. Price, Rs./Kg. 222.01 249.38 263.81 279.97 364.28 430.55 470.11 496.27 510.41 563.94

Export Volume by Different Type
Mn. Kgs. (e)
Bulk Tea 176.3 186.6 177.8 200.7 211.4 209.6 186.9 144.0 134.1 132.7
Packeted Tea 98.4 84.1 89.1 79.4 76.0 86.6 80.4 150.5 157.4 159.9
Tea Bags 15.5 17.8 18.0 19.1 22.9 22.1 21.0 31.8 29.6 25.8
Other 8.1 11.8 24.0 28.2 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.8 1.9 1.6
Total 298.3 300.3 308.9 327.4 311.8 319.6 289.7 328.0 323.0 319.9

Export Value by Different Type
Rs. Mn. (e)
Bulk Tea 31,097 37,979 40,875 48,182 71,628 83,728 80,975 65,852 59,463 65,847
Packeted Tea 22,987 22,357 21,371 21,042 26,854 36,326 37,365 70,286 75,833 84,215
Tea Bags 7,778 9,256 9,816 10,659 14,095 16,317 16,728 25,225 27,895 28,994
Other 4,075 5,305 9,419 11,784 988 1,235 1,125 1,431 1,678 1,373
Total 65,936 74,897 81,481 91,667 113,565 137,606 136,194 162,793 164,869 180,429

Value added, % of GDP
(Growing & Processing) 2.0 2.2 1.9 2.0 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.3

Domestic Consumption (f) 26.8 26.6 (g) 26.9 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 27.9 27.0
(a) Provisional Sources : Sri Lanka Tea Board

(b) Extents from 1999 onwards are revised based on the 1999 estate sector survey. The Colombo Tea Brokers Association
Sri Lanka Customs
(c) Registered in the Tea Commissioners Division.
(d) From 2007 onwards categories are reclassified based on National Import Tariff Guide 2010.
(e) Classification of value added tea is on the basis of Sri Lanka Tea Board classification applied in
2011 and adjusted backwards. The same approach is applied to the bulk tea classification. Bags: less than 4g, Packets : 4g10kg, Bulk: more than 10kg.
(f) Estimated Household Consumption based on the Census of Population and Housing - 2001.
(g) Estimation based on the Consumer Finances and Socio-Economic Survey Series of the Central Bank of Sri Lanka.
n.a. Not available
37
Rubber 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Area, Hectares 000

Under Cultivation (b) 115 115 116 120 120 122 124 126 129 131
Under Tapping (b) 87 89 91 97 94 94 95 98 101 104
Area Replanted, Hectares 564 820 1,257 2,372 5,192 6,105 1,002 5,941 3,050 2,161
Area Newly Planted, Hectares 450 518 1,032 922 2,034 2,436 715 1,413 3,004 2,449
Subsidies for Replanting, Rs. 000 per ha.

61.9 34.1 77.65 125.0 125.0 125.0 125.0 125.0 175.0 175.0

Fertilizer Issues (wholesale), MT 8,398 9,222 9,758 13,014 11,827 10,488 8,277 n.a. n.a. n.a.

Average Yield per Hectare, kgs. 1,068 1,064 1,144 1,128 1,261 1,382 1,437 1,561 1,566 1,459

Cost of Production (c), Rs. / kg. 63.30 73.40 76.12 97.20 112.69 114.00 115.50 119.83 129.56 136.00

Total Production, Mn. kgs. 92.0 94.7 104.4 109.2 117.6 129.2 136.9 153.0 158.2 152.0
Smoked Sheet 50.0 46.5 50.1 52.5 48.9 55.0 54.6 59.3 60.7 59.2
Sole Crepe 2.2 2.0 2.7 3.9 4.0 3.9 5.4 6.7 3.4 1.9
Scrap Crepe 3.1 3.9 2.9 1.6 1.7 2.7 3.5 1.8 1.3 1.3
Latex Crepe 17.1 12.5 12.9 20.2 21.8 21.0 31.7 52.5 59.9 36.5
Latex 1.2 26.0 29.8 28.1 31.2 35.6 29.9 24.3 24.9 44.4
Technically Specified Rubber 18.4 3.8 5.9 9.0 9.6 11.0 11.8 8.3 8.0 8.7

Local Consumption, Mn. kgs. 56.8 54.4 72.8 63.1 73.9 80.1 84.9 107.2 111.7 110.0

Stocks, Mn. kgs. 18.9 18.9 18.9 18.7 11.0 11.5 7.4 1.7 5.5 10.2

Exports (d)
Value, Rs. Mn. 3,718 5,155 4,724 9,674 12,066 13,535 11,327 19,580 22,811 15,726
Volume, Mn. kgs. 35.3 40.5 31.9 47.3 51.4 48.6 56.0 51.9 42.6 37.4
F.O.B. Price, Rs. / kg. 105.25 127.26 147.98 204.70 234.65 278.39 202.30 377.54 535.40 420.74

Export Distribution (Mn. kgs.)
European Union 9.6 10.5 9.0 11.2 9.9 8.1 5.0 6.6 5.8 4.9
India 0.2 2.3 1.7 4.3 9.2 7.0 14.1 10.0 3.9 7.1
Japan 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.4 1.5 1.8 2.3 1.4
Hong-Kong 0.2 0.4 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.2
Pakistan 9.0 9.3 7.1 11.1 10.5 10.3 9.5 7.8 7.6 5.4
USA 4.3 5.1 3.3 4.2 4.8 4.8 2.7 2.9 3.3 1.7
Other Countries 9.5 10.5 7.4 12.8 14.2 15.4 22.5 22.0 19.1 16.6
(a) Provisional Sources : Rubber Development Department

(b) Under cultivation has been revised from 2002 on the basis of Agriculture Census - 2002. The Colombo Rubber Traders Association
Sri Lanka Customs
(c) Weighted average Cost of Production of public sector estates, private sector estates and small Central Bank of Sri Lanka
holdings. From 1986 onwards the average is for the private sector.
(d) From 2007 onwards categories are reclassified based on National Import Tariff Guide - 2010.
n.a. Not available
38
Coconut 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Coconut Production, Mn. Nuts 2,562 2,591 2,515 2,785 2,869 2,909 2,762 2,584 2,808 2,940

Manufacture of Major Coconut
Products, MT 000
Copra 36.6 37.1 17.0 19.0 14.0 13.0 8.6 1.0 2.2 0.7
Coconut Oil 12.5 25.0 20.0 38.0 76.0 59.0 75.5 65.1 56.0 81.9
Desiccated Coconut 46.2 54.9 37.0 45.0 43.0 38.0 38.1 28.8 47.7 41.6
Poonac 6.3 12.5 10.0 19.0 37.0 30.0 37.8 11.5 26.5 40.9

Cost of Production, Rs. per Nut 4.90 7.50 7.50 7.00 10.25 12.47 9.53 11.27 10.27 11.63

Fertilizer Issues (wholesale), MT 38,941 33,648 32,847 36,248 30,920 25,136 16,853 n.a. n.a. n.a.

Export Volume (b)
Three Major Coconut Products, Mn. Nuts
461 538 377 456 457 380 367 251 386 351
Copra, MT 000 17.5 15.1 16.9 18.7 14.1 13.3 4.8 0.7 2.1 0.6
Coconut Oil, MT 000 2.5 2.1 1.4 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.9 1.7 1.9 2.5
Desiccated Coconut, MT 000 42.2 54.1 33.4 41.6 45.4 36.3 42.4 29.8 45.9 41.8
Fresh Nuts, MT 000 34.5 41.4 40.6 48.1 46.7 32.3 48.0 30.6 12.1 14.6
Coir Fibre Bristle, MT 000 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.5 72.1 123.3 19.7 11.3 12.5 8.6
Coir Fibre Mattress, MT 000 23.7 38.4 23.7 170.7 72.7 15.8 114.9 98.8 88.8 66.9
Coconut Shell Charcoal, MT 000 2.9 5.5 3.4 3.6 1.8 2.9 3.5 3.5 5.0 6.9

Export Value, Rs. Mn. (b)
Three Major Coconut Products 4,604 5,936 4,916 5,509 7,423 8,923 6,683 6,189 15,101 10,101
Copra 1,121 1,050 1,406 1,353 1,206 1,486 427 73 272 85
Coconut Oil 204 188 142 174 195 426 508 588 854 1,277
Desiccated Coconut 3,275 4,698 3,375 3,983 6,021 7,011 5,749 5,527 13,975 8,738
Fresh Nuts 690.8 910.7 1,010.3 1,293.6 1,292.3 1,349.8 1,870.4 1,349.7 707.3 1,000.2
Coir Fibre Bristle 146.6 146.6 145.2 110.4 2,474.3 4,297.1 808.3 567.5 809.8 716.0
Coir Fibre Mattress 409.4 710.9 467.2 4,709.5 2,003.6 446.7 3,568.0 3,530.9 4,012.2 3,238.8
Coconut Shell Charcoal 73.4 136.1 97.6 90.4 57.9 105.9 129.3 144.9 278.4 475.0

F.O.B. Price, Rs. per kg. (b)
Copra 63.87 69.76 83.40 72.44 85.81 111.61 88.98 105.20 126.79 137.12
Coconut Oil 82.82 89.55 93.80 98.63 141.16 280.18 262.25 345.97 442.26 511.04
Fresh Nuts, Rs. per kg. 20.00 22.00 25.00 26.90 27.65 41.78 38.97 44.07 58.40 68.34
Coir Fibre Bristle 45.87 48.63 45.20 31.20 34.34 34.86 40.95 50.35 64.95 83.39
Coir Fibre Mattress 17.21 18.54 19.80 27.60 27.55 28.28 31.05 35.74 45.18 48.39
Coconut Shell Charcoal 25.73 24.72 28.97 25.42 31.38 35.93 36.45 41.72 56.05 68.66

Local Market Price, Rs. per kg.
Copra No. 1 58.19 63.47 77.18 65.50 96.74 137.10 88.22 123.71 145.07 114.29
Coconut Oil 68.55 86.87 97.06 67.50 151.89 214.24 166.98 217.52 262.08 212.42

Price of a Fresh Nut (RetailMedium), Rs. 12.86 12.75 16.65 15.65 21.83 28.88 23.02 30.48 36.41 34.56

Value Added, % of GDP (c) 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.1

Domestic Consumption (d), Mn. Nuts 1,834 1,853 1,872 1,901 1,900 1,798 1,816 1,836 1,855 1,873
(a) Provisional Sources : Coconut Development Authority

(b) From 2007 onwards categories are reclassified based on Sri Lanka Customs
National Import Tariff Guide - 2010. Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(c) In growing and processing only.
(d) Estimated household consumption.
n.a. Not available
39
Minor Export Crops 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Cultivated Area, Hectares

Cocoa 4,239 2,908 2,866 2,422 2,354 2,689 2,742 2,729 2,548 2,534
Cinnamon 26,110 25,086 26,102 25,615 25,756 27,857 28,086 28,864 29,163 30,432
Cardamoms 3,899 2,834 2,638 2,505 1,854 1,382 1,447 1,526 1,547 1,510
Cloves 9,178 8,063 7,972 7,740 7,251 7,416 7,337 7,298 7,465 7,401
Pepper 30,029 31,325 31,150 30,494 30,517 35,821 36,180 37,344 36,431 37,825

Production, MT
Cocoa 2,889 1,967 1,880 1,555 1,443 1,716 1,752 1,725 1,633 1,753
Cinnamon 13,018 12,805 13,382 12,994 13,362 14,055 14,599 15,792 15,937 16,087
Cardamoms 1,053 747 709 685 500 455 479 572 578 555
Cloves 3,761 3,269 3,262 3,136 3,066 3,989 3,789 3,774 3,869 4,016
Pepper 17,856 18,561 18,292 18,601 19,393 24,474 25,302 26,622 25,770 25,454

Exports Quantity, MT (b)
Cocoa 19 51 78 26 89 64 292 1,644 4,343 2,524
Cardamoms 4 5 11 10 8 12 9 12 12 10
Pepper 7,740 4,851 8,130 8,191 9,061 6,253 6,580 12,971 5,065 10,532
Cloves 2,489 3,428 5,517 2,975 2,336 7,413 2,917 8,535 5,208 2,918
Cinnamon 11,025 11,391 12,365 12,334 13,400 12,459 12,234 13,682 13,747 14,762
Coffee 214 94 131 106 61 86 60 26 10 10
Cashew Nuts 62 125 255 140 125 206 195 337 311 146
Nutmeg and Mace 1,830 1,369 1,934 1,669 1,804 1,793 1,640 2,314 1,911 1,620
Unmanufactured Tobacco 1,893 1,645 1,598 1,399 1,578 1,278 686 695 708 861

Exports Value, Rs. Mn. (b)
Cocoa 3 7 5 1 9 9 18 634 2,350 1,648
Cardamoms 8 5 15 16 14 29 28 38 65 32
Pepper 1,234 934 1,227 1,774 3,559 2,853 2,398 5,121 3,543 9,192
Cloves 576 1,412 1,763 1,307 1,048 3,610 1,391 4,357 3,957 2,373
Cinnamon 4,335 4,728 5,855 6,879 8,954 9,368 8,794 11,057 14,244 17,397
Coffee 44 17 152 17 16 26 15 15 9 8
Cashew Nuts 42 78 164 119 112 153 127 253 288 170
Nutmeg and Mace 615 487 742 656 905 1,016 1,022 2,044 3,112 2,875
Unmanufactured Tobacco 3,592 4,016 3,525 3,671 4,452 4,280 3,856 3,643 4,241 5,374

Export Price (F.O.B), Rs. per kg. (b)

Cocoa 157.89 137.25 64.10 54.42 98.68 141.76 63.11 385.58 541.22 652.70
Cardamoms
2,000.00 1,000.00 1,363.64 1,580.71 1,874.07 2,405.14 3,025.52 3,101.32 5,681.13 3,080.31
Pepper 159.43 192.54 150.92 216.60 392.75 456.31 364.44 394.76 699.38 872.79
Cloves 231.42 411.90 319.56 439.32 448.36 487.00 476.78 510.47 759.76 813.20
Cinnamon 393.20 415.06 473.51 557.70 668.18 751.91 718.80 808.12 1,036.18 1,178.48
Coffee 205.61 180.85 117.20 163.54 255.29 301.03 254.75 573.76 836.98 836.57
Cashew Nuts 677.42 624.00 643.14 849.39 895.36 742.94 651.06 751.30 928.03 1,168.34
Nutmeg and Mace 336.07 355.73 383.66 393.03 501.60 566.30 623.47 883.12 1,628.56 1,774.48
Unmanufactured Tobacco
1,897.52 2,441.34 2,205.88 2,624.50 2,821.21 3,347.93 5,616.78 5,239.98 5,991.11 6,245.45

(b) From 2007 onwards categories are reclassified based on Sri Lanka Customs
National Import Tariff Guide - 2010. Central Bank of Sri Lanka
40
Paddy 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Area Sown, Ha. 000 983 779 937 910 816 1,053 978 1,065 1,223 1,067
Maha 602 521 581 591 525 582 632 646 730 702
Yala 381 258 357 319 291 471 345 419 493 365

Irrigated Area 982 779 711 707 636 820 730 809 940 824
Major 516 439 516 511 461 560 490 562 634 582
Minor 227 142 195 196 175 260 240 247 306 242

Rainfed Area 239 198 317 203 181 233 248 257 278 242

Gross Area Harvested, Ha. 000 911 720 915 900 796 1,033 943 1,060 1,103 990
Maha 560 469 570 586 512 568 605 643 613 685
Yala 351 251 345 314 284 465 338 416 489 305

Production, MT 000 3,071 2,628 3,246 3,342 3,131 3,875 3,652 4,301 3,894 3,846
Maha 1,895 1,670 2,012 2,136 1,973 2,125 2,384 2,630 1,996 2,717
Yala 1,177 958 1,233 1,206 1,158 1,750 1,268 1,671 1,898 1,129

Yield per Hectare, kgs. 3,761 4,086 3,963 4,137 4,389 4,187 4,336 4,528 3,970 4,535
Maha 3,794 4,002 3,955 4,069 4,299 4,181 4,421 4,583 3,668 4,444
Yala 3,708 4,244 3,976 4,263 4,543 4,195 4,186 4,444 4,347 4,145

Fertilizer Issues, MT 000 283 301 353 418 389 602 423 490 453 409

Credit Granted for Paddy
Cultivation, Rs. Mn. 893 1,031 1,364 990 1,157 1,644 1,918 2,541 4,298 5,479
Maha 301 527 833 552 559 807 1,158 1,402 2,340 3,694
Yala 263 285 531 438 598 837 760 1,139 1,958 1,785

Prices, Rs. per Bushel
Guaranteed Price 271 271 334 344 355 605 605 605 605 605
Open Market Price 271 349 n.a. n.a. n.a. 658 676 598 17.9 n.a.

Insurance
Area Insured, Ha. 000 19 21 28.7 40.5
Collected, Rs. Mn. 18 26 56.9 94.0
Total Indemnities Paid, Rs. Mn. 7 31 171.9 72.7

Rice Imports, MT 000 (b) 35 222 52 12 88 84 52 126 28 36
Import Price (C & F), Rs. per MT (b) 23,677 27,908 30,035 48,083 48,420 56,425 50,202 53,598 73,003 85,229

Value Added, Rs. Mn. 34,566 29,567 36,541 37,608 35,261 43,406 41,179 48,377 44,325 n.a.
Percent of GDP 2.0 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.5 n.a.

(b) From 2007 onwards categories are reclassified based on Central Bank of Sri Lanka
National Import Tariff Guide - 2010.
n.a. Not available
41
Subsidiary Food Crops 2003 2012
Crop 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Area, Hectares
Big Onions 2,770 3,075 4,552 6,814 6,988 4,090 5,081 4,158 3,452 5,387
Black Gram 7,180 4,740 6,210 6,804 6,813 8,318 7,868 9,808 8,668 10,842
Chillies 15,918 13,748 17,308 14,890 14,083 14,803 13,554 13,262 13,314 14,728
Cowpea 13,836 9,665 11,360 10,650 10,634 12,151 11,439 10,870 9,268 11,042
Gingelly 8,804 6,983 9,649 9,337 9,260 9,512 10,881 18,397 14,362 15,557
Green Gram 12,016 8,607 9,643 8,700 8,766 9,356 8,569 10,283 9,335 9,755
Ground Nuts 11,383 9,980 10,918 11,662 10,418 10,272 9,002 9,481 9,289 11,609
Kurakkan 7,358 5,113 6,207 5,910 5,407 6,079 5,902 6,565 5,250 5,195
Maize 27,060 23,421 28,401 32,002 34,181 51,608 50,857 57,618 50,545 59,529
Manioc 26,278 23,138 23,457 23,563 22,561 23,934 23,864 23,445 24,203 23,845

Meneri 194 131 78 60 65 52 28 30 30 34
Potatoes 6,314 5,495 5,601 5,294 5,336 4,869 4,139 3,844 4,479 4,648
Red Onions 4,897 4,391 5,790 6,228 5,610 4,878 4,498 5,228 6,145 6,132
Soya Beans 2,547 1,294 3,080 3,062 2,856 1,226 1,654 4,500 2,451 1,517

Production, MT
Big Onions 32,301 37,508 55,552 73,616 92,166 57,371 81,707 58,930 45,682 83,561
Black Gram 5,941 4,959 6,923 7,470 7,747 9,477 7,071 9,991 5,782 10,180
Chillies 46,190 40,474 52,870 52,897 48,701 51,003 46,414 49,003 44,398 61,541
Cowpea 12,900 9,157 11,176 10,114 10,855 11,952 13,485 11,609 10,453 14,812
Gingelly 5,486 4,348 6,161 5,969 6,304 6,337 8,525 16,947 11,293 12,435
Green Gram 10,605 7,808 8,997 7,975 8,513 8,878 9,258 11,703 10,838 11,956
Ground Nuts 6,587 7,936 9,034 9,822 9,831 10,251 13,077 14,354 16,903 21,953
Kurakkan 5,269 4,669 6,447 6,296 5,457 6,511 6,433 7,307 5,411 5,984
Maize 29,645 35,201 41,804 47,521 56,438 112,287 129,769 161,694 137,797 202,315
Manioc 228,838 220,781 223,212 226,074 219,933 240,731 277,847 282,759 292,741 291,354

Meneri 128 101 58 45 47 30 20 17 18 26
Potatoes 71,744 81,274 79,445 78,484 77,386 74,814 61,705 51,933 59,360 72,186
Red Onions 35,513 39,453 53,729 60,754 57,041 49,290 46,234 61,811 72,339 73,970
Soya Beans 2,957 1,890 4,990 5,177 4,799 3,032 3,788 7,521 3,847 1,671
42
Principal Crops by Province 2008 2012
Western Central Southern Northern Eastern North North Uva Sabara- All
Item
Tea
Estimated Production, Mn. kg.
2008 21.7 96.9 91.0 40.1 68.7 318.4
2009 11.9 92.0 81.6 26.8 78.8 291.1
2010 15.1 104.0 94.5 34.9 82.9 331.4
2011 18.0 108.0 92.8 30.3 78.3 327.5
2012(a) 18.0 105.9 93.6 26.5 82.2 326.3
No. of Tea Factories (in operation)
2008 50 233 224 87 113 707
2009 51 215 219 79 107 671
2010 31 220 225 68 131 675
2011 32 233 230 61 139 695
2012(a) 32 234 232 61 142 701
Rubber
Estimated Production Mn. kg.
2008 49.2 2.4 11.5 1.8 2.4 61.9 129.2
2009 46.5 4.2 10.4 3.4 8.7 63.6 136.9
2010 49.7 3.8 12.2 4.0 7.8 75.4 153.0
2011 52.0 4.2 13.9 3.6 3.1 81.4 158.2
2012(a) 49.9 4.1 13.4 3.4 3.0 78.2 152.0
Coconut
Estimated Area (2002), 000 Ha. 61.70 19.23 47.67 10.27 10.73 179.66 20.77 13.42 31.38 394.84
Estimated Production, Mn. Nuts
2008 461 132 334 75 95 1,242 170 146 214 2,871
2009 479 128 305 74 92 1,265 175 143 191 2,853
2010 399 136 309 69 50 940 132 90 192 2,317
2011 452 156 411 93 60 1,147 160 135 195 2,808
2012(a) 485 143 336 99 93 1,276 197 123 189 2,940
Average Producer Price, Rs. per 100 nuts
2008 2,231.09 2,101.85 2,196.09 3,473.51 2,390.85 2,078.10 1,892.11 1,988.71 2,171.31 2,274.78
2009 1,733.92 1,736.26 1,779.80 3,391.02 1,690.12 1,484.12 1,493.79 1,481.63 1,771.21 1,836.05
2010 2,311.77 2,280.24 2,472.03 2,558.96 2,779.37 2,221.78 2,283.12 2,602.28 2,310.67 2,379.02
2011 2,924.79 2,816.48 2,989.13 3,096.53 3,325.88 2,732.13 2,515.30 2,542.71 2,815.64 2,868.17
2012(a) 2,385.82 2,425.95 2,355.39 2,228.34 2,458.91 2,057.57 2,217.23 1,883.44 2,221.69 2,261.51
Paddy
Production, MT 000
2008 133.1 193.4 362.1 139.3 830.1 587.8 1,102.7 294.3 232.3 3,875.2
2009 153.0 167.9 368.9 65.4 916.9 579.1 937.1 193.4 269.8 3,651.7
2010 157.2 209.4 384.3 110.6 1,067.0 576.2 1,182.3 323.0 290.7 4,300.6
2011 132.3 175.4 367.3 207.9 653.5 625.6 1,165.5 296.6 270.2 3,894.2
2012(a) 115.8 161.8 332.3 259.9 1,062.2 330.4 1,031.2 324.4 227.8 3,845.9
Net Extent Harvested, 000 Ha.
2008 43.2 51.8 88.7 42.5 179.2 165.7 230.9 70.6 53.0 925.5
2009 48.2 45.3 88.1 18.1 197.6 152.5 188.7 44.4 59.0 842.0
2010 48.7 51.4 91.2 25.8 226.5 144.5 225.1 74.1 62.6 949.8
2011 46.0 47.9 89.0 62.0 167.5 176.6 255.0 76.8 60.2 980.9
2012(a) 36.1 39.2 77.9 72.0 235.7 85.9 210.2 75.7 50.6 883.4
Yield Bushels per Acre
2008 60 72 79 64 90 69 93 81 85 81
2009 62 72 81 70 90 74 96 84 89 84
2010 63 79 82 83 91 77 102 85 90 88
2011 56 71 80 65 76 69 89 75 87 77
2012(a) 62 80 83 70 87 75 95 83 87 84
Yield kg. per Hectare
2008 3,084 3,733 4,084 3,278 4,633 3,547 4,775 4,170 4,387 4,187
2009 3,173 3,709 4,186 3,613 4,640 3,796 4,966 4,356 4,572 4,337
2010 3,232 4,070 4,215 4,291 4,711 3,987 5,253 4,358 4,644 4,528
2011 2,876 3,660 4,129 3,355 3,902 2,543 4,571 3,860 4,488 3,970
2012(a) 3,205 4,126 4,263 3,610 4,507 3,845 4,906 4,284 4,507 4,353
(a) Provisional Sources : Sri Lanka Tea Board Coconut Development Authority
Rubber Development Department Department of Census and Statistics
Coconut Research Institute Central Bank of Sri Lanka
43
Agricultural Crops Yields, Farmgate Prices and Costs of Cultivation 2011
Crop Irrigation District/ Season Yield Farmgate Unit Cost Net Return
Type Area kg./ha Price Rs./kg. Rs./kg. Rs./ha.
(a) (b) (c) (b) (c)
Bitter Gourd IRR Hambantota Maha 2010/11 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Brinjal IRR Anuradhapura Maha 2010/11 17,633 50.50 18.60 10.40 562,471 707,022
Cabbage IRR Nuwara Eliya Maha 2010/11 25,849 33.47 13.56 9.52 514,757 619,086
Capsicum IRR Badulla Maha 2010/11 9,143 143.80 40.75 24.16 942,156 1,093,859
Chillies RF Anuradhapura Maha 2010/11 3,084 151.18 81.67 40.26 214,356 342,053
Cowpea RF Ampara Maha 2010/11 714 142.39 96.01 38.31 33,118 74,325
Cowpea RF Kurunegala Maha 2010/11 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Green Gram RF Hambantota Maha 2010/11 862 131.56 87.99 45.75 37,578 73,996
Green Gram RF Monaragala Maha 2010/11 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Ground Nut RF Kurunegala Maha 2010/11 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Ground Nut RF Monaragala Maha 2010/11 1,883 104.54 54.81 37.78 93,630 125,694
Kurakkan RF Anuradhapura Maha 2010/11 1,040 56.02 56.59 8.43 -592 49,509
Maize RF Anuradhapura Maha 2010/11 3,230 32.38 32.69 22.53 -1,004 31,826
Maize RF Monaragala Maha 2010/11 4,801 33.34 20.52 11.91 61,527 102,867
Pole Bean IRR Badulla Maha 2010/11 6,363 97.00 42.97 27.29 343,766 443,554
Pole Bean RF Matale Maha 2010/11 7,109 92.72 37.37 17.20 414,840 536,855
Potato IRR Badulla Maha 2010/11 12,716 63.08 48.30 34.73 187,912 360,480
Potato IRR Nuwara Eliya Maha 2010/11 17,045 74.97 45.37 41.00 504,499 579,037
Red Onion IRR Puttalam Maha 2010/11 9,195 100.47 41.38 37.55 543,350 578,491
Tomato IRR Badulla Maha 2010/11 13,070 80.65 28.03 15.79 688,023 848,079
Tomato RF Kandy Maha 2010/11 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Bitter Gourd IRR Hambantota Yala 2011 5,102 54.95 34.93 20.55 252,313 433,532
Brinjal IRR Hambantota Yala 2011 8,685 37.37 18.85 10.04 397,287 586,215
Bush Bean IRR Matale Yala 2011 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Cabbage IRR Nuwara Eliya Yala 2011 8,121 36.00 16.65 10.97 388,072 501,986
Capsicum IRR Badulla Yala 2011 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a
Capsicum IRR Nuwara Eliya Yala 2011 4,340 95.00 31.77 20.51 677,852 798,563
Carrot IRR Nuwara Eliya Yala 2011 5,358 59.34 26.25 19.21 437,901 531,092
Cowpea IRR Ampara Yala 2011 382 132.85 70.95 34.52 58,408 92,778
Cowpea IRR Kurunegala Yala 2011 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Pole Bean IRR Badulla Yala 2011 4,796 44.10 29.81 16.27 169,244 329,730
Potato IRR Badulla Yala 2011 5,960 66.86 41.42 29.24 374,479 553,858
Potato IRR Nuwara Eliya Yala 2011 7,372 77.11 41.33 37.15 662,397 738,626
Red onion IRR Puttalam Yala 2011 3,368 90.20 44.35 38.98 381,417 426,073
Soya Bean IRR Anuradhapura Yala 2011 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Soya Bean IRR System H Yala 2011 1,114 70.41 44.58 31.49 71,064 107,097
Tomato IRR Badulla Yala 2011 5,639 39.20 28.89 17.70 143,606 299,492
Tomato IRR Matale Yala 2011 4,650 65.05 18.54 10.06 534,241 631,609
(a) RF = Rainfed Source : Socio Economics and Planning Centre, Department of Agriculture
IRR = Irrigated
(b) Including imputed cost of farmer owned labour.
(c) Excluding imputed cost of farmer owned labour.
n.a. Not available (The Study was not conducted for the Season)
44
Agricultural Crops Yields, Farmgate Prices and Costs of Cultivation 2012
Crop Irrigation District/ Season Yield Farmgate Unit Cost Net Return
Type Area kg./ha Price Rs./kg. Rs./kg. Rs./ha.
(a) (b) (c) (b) (c)
Bitter Gourd IRR Hambantota Maha 2011/12 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Brinjal IRR Anuradhapura Maha 2011/12 n.a.* n.a.* n.a.* n.a.* n.a.* n.a.*
Black Gram RF Anuradhapura Maha 2011/12 1,132 126.37 61.79 36.07 73,084 102,198
Cabbage IRR Nuwara Eliya Maha 2011/12 n.a.* n.a.* n.a.* n.a.* n.a.* n.a.*
Capsicum IRR Badulla Maha 2011/12 n.a.* n.a.* n.a.* n.a.* n.a.* n.a.*
Carrot IRR Nuwara Eliya Maha 2011/12 n.a.* n.a.* n.a.* n.a.* n.a.* n.a.*
Chillies RF Anuradhapura Maha 2011/12 6,590 126.40 50.17 18.46 502,369 711,365
Cowpea RF Ampara Maha 2011/12 424 114.90 61.19 28.39 56,269 90,637
Cowpea RF Anuradhapura Maha 2011/12 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Green Gram RF Hambantota Maha 2011/12 974 181.00 97.94 56.27 80,865 121,431
Green Gram RF Monaragala Maha 2011/12 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Ground Nut RF Kurunegala Maha 2011/12 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Ground Nut RF Monaragala Maha 2011/12 1,532 128.00 65.90 39.64 95,135 135,362
Kurakkan RF Anuradhapura Maha 2011/12 1,384 99.95 44.42 3.84 76,845 132,988
Maize RF Anuradhapura Maha 2011/12 4,258 31.82 25.29 13.94 11,247 30,812
Maize RF Monaragala Maha 2011/12 4,628 31.12 20.64 13.57 48,510 81,246
Mukunuwenna RF Colombo Maha 2011/12 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Pole Bean RF Badulla Maha 2011/12 9,916 55.46 33.88 17.81 86,607 151,084
Pole Bean RF Matale Maha 2011/12 2,138 90.35 44.05 23.11 244,595 355,210
Potato RF Badulla Maha 2011/12 n.a.* n.a.* n.a.* n.a.* n.a.* n.a.*
Potato IRR Nuwara Eliya Maha 2011/12 n.a.* n.a.* n.a.* n.a.* n.a.* n.a.*
Pumpkin RF Anuradhapura Maha 2011/12 12,491 20.98 10.00 4.99 137,106 199,747
Red Onion IRR Puttalam Maha 2011/12 n.a.* n.a.* n.a.* n.a.* n.a.* n.a.*
Tomato IRR Badulla Maha 2011/12 6,487 26.40 24.79 12.38 25,728 224,671
Tomato RF Kandy Maha 2011/12 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Bitter Gourd IRR Hambantota Yala 2012

Brinjal IRR Hambantota

Yala 2012
Bush Bean IRR Matale
Yala 2012
Cabbage IRR Nuwara Eliya Yala 2012
Capsicum IRR Badulla

Yala 2012
Capsicum IRR Kurunegala
Yala 2012
Carrot IRR Nuwara Eliya Yala 2012
Cowpea IRR Kurunegala
n.a.*
Yala 2012
Pole Bean IRR Badulla
Yala 2012
Potato
Potato
IRR
IRR
Badulla
Nuwara Eliya

Yala 2012
Yala 2012
Red onion IRR Puttalam
Yala 2012
Soya Bean
Tomato
IRR
IRR
Anuradhapura
Badulla

Yala 2012
Yala 2012
Tomato IRR Matale
Yala 2012
(a) RF = Rainfed Source : Socio Economics and Planning Centre, Department of Agriculture
IRR = Irrigated
(b) Including imputed cost of farmer owned labour.
(c) Excluding imputed cost of farmer owned labour.
n.a. Not available (The Study was not conducted for the Season)
n.a. * Data analysis has not been completed.
45
Fish and Livestock 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Fish Production, MT 284,960 286,370 163,230 251,270 291,050 319,120 339,730 384,670 444,830 486,170
Coastal 163,850 154,470 63,690 121,360 150,110 165,320 180,410 202,420 222,350 257,540
Deep Sea and Off-shore 90,830 95,720 66,710 94,620 102,560 109,310 112,760 129,840 162,920 159,680
Inland 30,280 33,180 32,830 35,290 38,380 44,490 46,560 52,410 59,560 68,950
Import of Fish Products (b)

Quantity, MT (000) Dried Fish 52 43 50 50 52 48 49 49 50 41
Other 24 24 26 27 35 29 27 34 33 31
Value, Rs. Mn. Dried Fish 3,744 3,243 3,769 5,482 6,274 6,275 7,869 7,607 8,404 8,935
Other 2,345 2,606 3,220 4,165 5,741 6,348 6,101 7,070 8,066 8,548
Cattle
Population, 000 1,148 1,167 1,188 1,185 1,206 1,196 1,137 1,170 1,192 1,236
Slaughtered, 000 (c) 216 207 215 188 186 164 168 204 n.a. 157
Production of Milk, Litres Mn. (d) 157 160 162 165 170 172 184 192 203 238
Buffaloes
Population, 000 280 302 308 314 318 319 372 423 405 415
Production of Milk, Litres Mn. 30 31 31 32 32 36 49 56 55 62
Sheep and Goats

Population, 000 424 417 405 395 405 387 385 381 384 393
Sheep 9 11 10 14 16 10 8 8 8 n.a.
Goats 415 405 395 382 389 377 377 373 375 n.a.
Slaughtered, 000 70 72 75 68 64 58 63 68 n.a. 62
Pigs
Population, 000 67 79 85 92 94 89 81 84 82 89
Slaughtered, 000 30 29 30 31 32 21 22 20 n.a. 15
Poultry
Population, 000 9,788 11,058 11,652 13,133 13,795 14,350 13,631 14,032 14,211 14,051
Duck 16 16 16 16 16 18 15 13 12 13
Chicken 9,772 11,042 11,636 13,117 13,779 14,331 13,615 14,018 14,199 14,039
Production of Eggs, 000 884,880 874,596 864,552 901,176 915,600 1,039,813 1,142,239 1,139,940 1,185,318 1,457,101

(b) From 2007 onwards categories are reclassified based on National Import Tariff Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Development
Guide -2010. Sri Lanka Customs
(c) Only the number of animals slaughtered at licensed hiuses are included here.
n.a. Not available
46
National Livestock Statistics by District 2011
Goat and
Cattle Buffalos Poultry Pigs
Sheep
District Number Ave. Daily Number Cow Ave. Daily Number Ave. Monthly Number Number Number of
Number
of Milk Produc- of Milking Milk Produc- of Egg Production of of Goats and
Milking
Cattle tion, Ltrs. Buffalos at Present tion, Ltrs. Chickens 000 Ducks Swine Sheep
Colombo 11,330 3,010 6,990 9,020 2,240 4,690 958,070 4,686 1,500 8,810 3,475
Gampaha 31,530 6,860 19,380 10,430 1,250 3,000 1,554,850 6,723 1,610 19,685 10,810
Kalutara 18,910 4,060 8,370 17,480 4,160 9,070 648,670 5,368 590 3,750 10,075
Kandy 26,410 9,340 48,790 7,690 180 80 640,570 3,833 620 525 18,335
Matale 21,880 4,540 20,070 9,370 240 290 270,360 1,454 215 3,060 10,010
Nuwara Eliya 28,750 10,780 88,290 3,640 150 220 229,140 1,296 420 385 9,585
Galle 14,350 4,080 10,000 12,910 3,450 9,890 188,650 1,552 580 1,055 4,755
Matara 12,400 3,770 5,720 8,240 2,470 4,800 120,190 1,152 100 100 3,410
Hambantota 40,930 12,440 10,710 44,730 14,090 18,960 65,740 701 140 780 6,515
Jaffna 63,430 15,630 21,390 459,680 3,378 305 71,310
Kilinochchi 32,250 8,230 6,010 1,490 320 160 78,390 353 3,510
Mannar 39,590 8,340 10,010 1,850 410 370 109,980 865 1,245 10 10,980
Vavuniya 87,720 19,470 16,570 2,490 500 700 138,710 781 50 185 11,525
Mullaitivu 30,560 7,650 8,640 9,520 1,900 3,390 78,890 286 5 1,525
Batticaloa 63,140 19,240 23,980 26,130 7,880 9,710 210,920 1,246 745 50 26,950
Ampara 73,450 18,170 25,980 19,030 5,240 7,900 333,740 2,338 810 290 17,975
Trincomalee 57,570 12,110 15,180 27,200 6,560 11,220 159,480 1,098 675 135 16,950
Kurunegala 132,640 15,240 55,170 43,800 2,650 8,530 4,753,290 44,627 510 13,075 33,410
Puttalam 69,220 9,430 23,240 13,070 2,010 5,220 1,432,910 9,913 840 22,155 34,720
Anuradhapura 133,320 27,370 54,660 54,590 12,620 23,840 588,000 1,571 245 3,795 30,740
Polonnaruwa 35,290 6,470 13,080 13,090 1,660 4,710 194,110 971 130 1,120 11,240
Badulla 65,820 10,300 44,740 3,520 150 400 191,660 1,343 255 595 16,720
Monaragala 71,700 9,480 13,900 46,390 13,330 19,780 95,690 711 55 730 3,955
Ratnapura 18,800 2,890 5,880 13,300 2,710 5,320 268,150 1,102 245 710 5,975
Kegalle 10,860 2,590 8,400 6,140 50 110 429,360 1,427 245 1,030 9,080
Total 1,191,850 251,490 565,150 405,120 86,220 152,360 14,199,200 98,777 12,135 82,030 383,535
Negligible amount Source : Department of Census and Statistics
Table 5.12
National Livestock Statistics by District 2012
Goat and
Cattle Buffalos Poultry Pigs Sheep
District Number Ave. Daily Number Cow Ave. Daily Number Ave. Monthly Number Number Number of
Number
of Milk Produc- of Milking Milk Produc- of Egg Production of of Goats and
Milking
Cattle tion, Ltrs. Buffalos at Present tion, Ltrs. Chickens 000 Ducks Swine Sheep
Colombo 11,670 3,190 8,000 9,670 2,570 5,840 1,018,090 5,798 1,420 9,370 3,740
Gampaha 31,930 7,340 23,050 10,410 1,360 3,680 1,604,140 9,342 1,570 20,710 11,330
Kalutara 19,920 4,630 10,680 18,820 4,880 10,750 677,610 6,895 650 6,410 10,500
Kandy 26,250 9,400 51,010 7,120 90 70 610,890 4,816 765 500 17,910
Matale 20,140 4,510 21,120 8,740 350 490 270,360 1,715 230 2,830 9,310
Nuwara Eliya 29,560 11,330 98,120 3,360 110 170 241,760 1,791 400 370 10,410
Galle 16,330 5,910 13,920 13,280 4,020 10,860 240,010 2,275 510 1,140 5,030
Matara 12,620 4,110 7,140 8,490 2,880 5,710 120,190 1,417 125 150 3,560
Hambantota 39,600 11,900 12,520 42,080 13,940 19,750 81,870 996 150 640 6,100
Jaffna 61,050 16,490 24,330 459,680 3,422 545 69,920
Kilinochchi 31,580 9,560 9,420 1,240 310 310 93,500 598 15 3,810
Mannar 42,270 8,880 10,800 1,700 540 560 105,480 1,030 1,530 40 10,550
Vavuniya 94,540 20,130 18,120 2,410 870 1,310 145,710 583 5 190 14,240
Mullaitivu 53,560 10,750 11,520 12,900 3,080 4,570 99,940 553 130 2,830
Batticaloa 72,470 22,230 28,710 30,300 7,930 11,790 221,980 1,733 645 28,740
Ampara 78,970 21,060 31,050 19,770 7,160 14,810 379,540 3,048 615 280 16,850
Trincomalee 57,690 14,240 19,470 27,140 6,730 9,800 159,870 1,239 605 130 19,190
Kurunegala 118,680 17,710 64,210 47,620 3,070 9,570 4,046,650 50,133 450 13,660 33,000
Puttalam 70,380 10,840 26,770 12,720 2,060 5,870 1,651,200 14,561 1,160 25,210 36,360
Anuradhapura 134,870 28,370 60,380 53,280 12,700 22,580 582,330 2,235 290 4,020 32,090
Polonnaruwa 38,220 9,140 23,970 17,770 2,550 5,510 228,330 1,416 130 1,070 10,380
Badulla 74,480 12,290 51,940 3,510 200 440 191,660 1,707 140 510 16,500
Monaragala 68,240 9,700 15,460 42,930 13,630 21,090 95,690 909 85 810 4,150
Ratnapura 19,370 3,330 7,200 13,630 3,180 5,470 272,840 1,228 215 440 6,570
Kegalle 11,150 3,210 11,200 5,740 80 140 439,290 1,987 225 770 9,550
Total 1,235,540 280,250 660,110 414,630 94,290 171,140 14,038,610 121,425 12,605 89,250 392,620
Negligible amount Source : Department of Census and Statistics

47
Livestock and Poultry Average Producer Prices 2011 Rupees
Livestock Livestock Full Grown

Province District Cow Buffalo Eggs Neat Cattle
Milk Milk each Buffalos Goats Pigs Poultry
1 Ltr. 1 Ltr. (average) High Bred Other
Colombo 40.91 47.16 11.08 40,688.10 31,369.42 25,844.42 10,714.65 13,327.45 254.10
Western Gampaha 36.33 48.83 11.49 30,579.86 30,410.69 28,597.00 8,863.79 8,919.46 382.94
Kalutara 39.46 42.68 11.11 40,340.14 38,485.81 36,956.32 9,510.08 13,283.34 288.32
Kandy 36.80 n.a. 10.99 30,232.74 41,912.70 19,450.00 7,627.49 n.a. 337.08
Central Matale 39.23 n.a. 11.73 27,556.50 36,041.90 21,598.76 7,705.53 13,140.28 387.85
Nuwara Eliya 38.86 n.a. 11.58 25,000.00 23,175.00 10,562.50 10,726.53 n.a. 292.52
Galle 47.85 70.25 11.50 43,583.82 38,703.13 24,303.97 9,492.50 15,000.00 307.29
Southern Matara 43.87 51.42 11.91 23,783.15 26,500.00 18,863.99 7,464.58 8,500.00 287.00
Hambantota 45.62 57.94 11.61 25,515.25 19,854.78 16,556.82 5,487.50 n.a. 310.16
Jaffna 47.94 45.00 13.51 n.a. 22,805.46 17,648.15 9,354.06 n.a. 478.00
Vavuniya 43.18 53.05 13.45 29,083.25 19,294.44 14,332.27 8,317.36 8,833.33 461.42
Northern Mannar 45.66 42.50 12.78 28,000.00 20,000.00 19,833.33 12,000.00 n.a. 398.54
Mullaitivu 38.07 46.27 12.93 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Kilinochchi 49.23 n.a. 13.54 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 488.00
Batticaloa 55.90 59.80 13.02 37,714.36 33,906.25 24,921.93 8,100.97 n.a. 457.29
Eastern Trincomalee 45.03 50.37 12.66 34,956.25 41,750.00 25,492.42 6,046.04 9,500.00 403.30
Ampara 46.17 54.89 12.15 42,275.45 34,255.32 28,828.43 7,525.08 13,000.00 367.04
North Kurunegala 39.93 45.84 11.03 26,604.77 37,924.17 21,414.40 8,428.02 11,168.47 294.95
Western Puttalam 44.63 51.05 10.70 38,491.49 47,831.10 24,344.71 7,039.67 12,330.89 229.15
North Anuradhapura 41.92 46.57 11.67 35,252.34 44,710.22 25,507.51 8,226.63 13,494.81 293.74
Central Polonnaruwa 36.72 41.56 11.51 38,916.64 40,316.61 29,816.63 4,661.21 5,664.50 303.47
Uva Badulla 40.03 n.a. 12.13 15,916.67 29,925.98 16,931.11 5,201.88 n.a. 329.87
Monaragala 43.45 53.64 12.47 30,231.82 30,610.86 18,237.48 9,895.83 12,055.56 291.27
Sabara- Ratnapura 48.60 40.89 11.38 19,708.33 20,041.67 22,000.00 n.a. 9,333.33 257.30
gamuwa Kegalle 41.73 n.a. 11.46 26,496.53 41,458.00 23,052.64 8,340.25 7,833.00 314.88
Average Price 43.09 49.98 11.98 31,405.79 32,664.50 22,395.43 8,214.98 10,961.53 342.31
n.a. Not available Source : Department of Census and Statistics
Table 5.14
Livestock and Poultry Average Producer Prices 2012(a) Rupees
Livestock Livestock Full Grown
Province District Cow Buffalo Eggs Neat Cattle
Milk Milk each Buffalos Goats Pigs Poultry
1 Ltr. 1 Ltr. (average) High Bred Other
Colombo 51.74 55.79 10.03 46,555.56 35,422.22 29,600.00 14,869.05 14,453.57 286.40
Western Gampaha 47.79 53.24 10.28 35,759.25 33,851.83 30,031.72 9,446.02 9,116.50 416.48
Kalutara 43.09 49.32 9.49 49,099.32 44,014.82 41,039.46 13,769.32 8,249.50 283.46
Kandy 44.49 n.a. 9.55 34,250.00 44,148.19 19,369.41 8,119.62 n.a. 336.35
Central Matale 50.15 n.a. 10.12 31,134.97 39,066.84 30,468.45 8,324.67 10,978.70 412.61
Nuwara Eliya 47.81 n.a. 9.67 18,333.33 23,577.64 14,833.33 13,976.46 n.a. 341.75
Galle 51.31 61.98 9.85 47,821.43 51,166.67 33,987.18 9,500.00 n.a. 317.05
Southern Matara 49.75 57.54 10.19 25,052.71 20,000.00 19,664.29 8,404.98 15,000.00 283.86
Hambantota 47.81 63.04 9.90 25,647.99 20,116.90 16,815.28 5,737.50 n.a. 304.28
Jaffna 52.32 n.a. 11.12 n.a. 18,524.96 16,927.78 9,517.75 n.a. 495.84
Vavuniya 47.57 59.17 10.42 36,944.50 24,750.65 18,668.55 8,331.27 12,500.00 444.17
Northern Mannar 44.28 46.63 11.32 30,000.00 35,000.00 21,750.00 9,250.00 n.a. 330.83
Mullaitivu 47.62 56.50 10.97 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Kilinochchi 50.50 50.00 10.43 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Batticaloa 57.90 58.71 10.44 41,404.02 39,250.00 29,788.62 7,686.67 7,250.00 471.09
Eastern Trincomalee 50.55 53.58 10.52 33,829.38 31,458.25 25,535.37 6,916.64 11,250.00 439.82
Ampara 50.53 59.18 10.31 44,035.29 32,114.54 28,722.97 8,526.36 9,000.00 370.56
North Kurunegala 45.68 50.58 9.42 27,255.88 43,541.45 22,340.73 11,184.45 9,846.62 296.95
Western Puttalam 51.05 55.92 9.31 41,561.34 50,402.01 27,011.33 7,972.77 12,132.71 214.72
North Anuradhapura 49.00 55.21 9.96 38,375.04 48,758.18 28,788.51 10,385.29 14,967.25 306.21
Central Polonnaruwa 48.91 52.74 9.76 42,502.43 42,620.77 33,136.39 5,251.36 6,747.15 337.88
Uva Badulla 45.73 45.00 10.24 14,750.00 31,609.35 18,484.13 6,913.87 n.a. 337.47
Monaragala 50.25 60.06 10.39 30,769.95 34,387.92 20,285.42 9,110.44 n.a. 278.86
Sabara- Ratnapura 51.86 56.57 9.91 23,400.00 25,530.56 22,666.67 13,333.33 13,000.00 297.41
gamuwa Kegalle 42.97 n.a. 10.01 27,437.93 42,250.00 25,681.00 9,113.54 8,361.00 334.18
Average Price 48.83 55.04 10.14 33,905.47 35,285.38 25,025.94 9,375.71 10,856.87 345.14
n.a. Not available
48
Fish Production by Province 2008 - 2012 Metric Tonnes
Western Central Southern Northern Eastern North North Uva Sabara- Total
Year \ Province Western Central gamuwa
Marine Fish 78,430 85,460 14,840 54,880 41,020 274,630

2008 Inland Fish 640 1,260 4,110 1,360 8,640 7,620 16,700 2,870 1,290 44,490
Total 79,070 1,260 89,570 16,200 63,520 48,640 16,700 2,870 1,290 319,120

Marine Fish 71,420 90,100 21,210 68,480 41,960 293,170
2009 Inland Fish 370 1,020 2,800 670 8,830 8,880 18,050 3,600 2,340 46,560
Total 71,790 1,020 92,900 21,880 77,310 50,840 18,050 3,600 2,340 339,730

Marine Fish 73,600 80,970 33,600 92,240 51,850 332,260
2010 Inland Fish 410 1,130 3,380 810 9,620 10,210 19,870 4,190 2,790 52,410
Total 74,010 1,130 84,350 34,410 101,860 62,060 19,870 4,190 2,790 384,670
Marine Fish 90,770 98,740 46,370 88,320 61,070 385,270

2011 Inland Fish 430 1,360 3,600 2,150 10,670 11,140 22,740 4,480 2,990 59,560
Total 91,200 1,360 102,340 48,520 98,990 72,210 22,740 4,480 2,990 444,830

Marine Fish 91,570 103,110 59,340 95,510 67,690 417,220
2012(a) Inland Fish 1,200 4,030 5,140 2,810 9,290 11,400 27,210 5,320 2,550 68,950
Total 92,770 4,030 108,250 62,150 104,800 79,090 27,210 5,320 2,550 486,170
(a) Provisional Source : Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
Table 5.16
Operating Fishing Craft by Province and Type 2008 - 2012 Numbers
Western Central Southern Northern Eastern North North Uva Sabara- Total
Year \ Province
Western Central gamuwa
In board Engine Multi Day

2008 516 1,071 2 1,001 108 2,698
2009 1,067 1,151 572 144 2,934
2010 1,114 1,255 14 744 219 3,346
2011 1,231 1,480 29 928 204 3,872
2012(a) 864 2,341 5 583 398 4,241
In board Engine Single Day

2008 167 180 509 791 40 1,687
2009 149 168 52 377 212 958
2010 165 160 234 373 45 977
2011 146 127 330 357 160 1,120
2012(a) 133 170 262 303 868
Out board Engine Fibre Glass

2008 2,263 1,814 2,391 4,003 2,403 12,874
2009 2,681 2,206 4,311 3,377 4,618 17,193
2010 2,680 2,530 4,940 4,170 4,450 18,770
2011 2,803 2,491 5,703 4,328 4,565 19,890
2012(a) 3,032 2,334 7,220 4,523 5,086 22,195
Traditional Mechanized

2008 449 657 719 786 174 2,785
2009 24 668 776 423 235 2,126
2010 130 610 1,190 360 390 2,680
2011 90 830 1,126 542 372 2,960
2012(a) 8 865 1,034 256 189 2,352
Traditional Non-Mechanized

2008 2,418 1,674 4,071 7,371 2,644 18,178
2009 2,386 1,617 3,579 7,143 3,518 18,243
2010 2,810 1,980 3,690 7,210 3,500 19,190
2011 3,046 2,134 4,307 8,280 3,650 21,417
2012(a) 2,290 2,127 4,393 6,627 2,974 18,411
Total Craft
2008 5,813 5,396 7,692 13,952 5,369 38,222
2009 6,307 5,810 8,718 11,892 8,727 41,454
2010 6,899 6,535 10,068 12,857 8,604 44,963
2011 7,316 7,062 11,495 14,435 8,951 49,259
2012(a) 6,327 7,837 12,964 12,292 8,647 48,067
(a) Provisional Source : Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
49
Cultivation Loans Refinance Credit Schemes(a)
(Position as at End of December)
Loans Granted (Rs.Mn.) Recoveries (Rs.Mn.) Per cent of Recoveries

Cultivation
Year Paddy Other Crops All Crops Paddy Other Crops All Crops Paddy Other Crops All Crops
1985 / 86 203 92 295 175 81 256 86.5 88.3 87.0

1986 / 87 269 68 337 229 60 289 85.4 87.4 85.8
1987 / 88 242 86 328 200 78 279 82.6 90.7 84.7
1988 / 89 167 86 253 157 79 236 94.1 82.1 93.4
1989 / 90 372 181 553 328 156 484 88.2 86.4 87.6
1990 / 91 588 234 822 503 190 694 86.0 81.0 84.0
1991 / 92 595 235 830 465 161 626 78.2 68.5 75.4
1992 / 93 569 255 824 461 188 649 81.0 73.7 78.8
1993 / 94 624 293 917 418 189 607 67.0 64.5 66.2
1994 / 95 723 257 980 597 176 773 82.6 68.5 78.9
1995 / 96 476 192 668 318 153 471 66.8 79.7 70.5
1996 / 97 412 178 590 325 151 476 78.9 84.8 80.7
1997 / 98 327 152 479 244 67 311 74.6 44.1 64.9
1998 / 99 312 151 463 235 71 306 75.3 47.0 66.1
1999 / 00 557 204 761 492 181 673 88.3 88.7 88.4
2000 / 01 517 244 761 484 201 685 93.6 82.4 92.4
2001 / 02 591 233 824 570 215 785 96.4 92.3 95.3
2002 / 03 893 270 1,163 832 232 1,064 93.2 85.9 91.5
2003 / 04 982 475 1,457 853 424 1,277 86.9 89.3 87.6
2004 Yala 308 253 561 281 220 501 91.2 87.0 89.3
2004 / 2005 Maha 691 325 1,016 592 285 877 85.7 87.7 86.3
2005 Yala 467 303 770 421 265 686 90.2 87.5 89.1
2005 / 2006 Maha 552 387 939 503 347 850 91.1 89.7 90.5
2006 Yala 432 358 790 397 314 711 91.9 87.7 90.0
2006 / 2007 Maha 559 520 1,079 525 460 985 93.9 88.5 91.3
2007 Yala 598 472 1,070 543 421 964 90.8 89.2 90.1
2007 / 2008 Maha 807 977 1,784 782 886 1,668 96.9 90.7 93.5
2008 Yala 837 638 1,475 812 533 1,345 97.0 83.5 91.2
2008 / 2009 Maha 1,158 970 2,128 1,096 787 1,883 94.7 81.1 88.5
2009 Yala 760 599 1,359 710 549 1,259 93.4 91.7 92.6
2009 / 2010 Maha 1,402 857 2,259 1,280 734 2,014 91.3 85.7 89.2
2010 Yala 1,139 686 1,825 832 343 1,175 73.0 50.0 64.4
2010 / 2011 Maha 2,385 1,434 3,819 2,082 1,085 3,167 87.3 75.6 82.9
2011 Yala 1,955 1,149 3,103 1,797 1,025 2,822 91.9 89.3 91.0
2011 / 2012 Maha (b) 3,694 2,378 6,071 3,214 1,901 5,115 87.0 80.0 84.3
2012 Yala (b) 1,785 1,847 3,632 1,255 1,223 2,479 70.3 66.2 68.2
(a) Credit Schemes: From 1973 to Yala 1986 Comprehensive Rural Credit Scheme. Sources : Bank of Ceylon
Since Yala 1986 New Comprehensive Rural Credit Scheme. Peoples Bank
(b) Provisional data Recovery is in progress. Commercial Bank of Ceylon PLC
Hatton National Bank PLC
Sampath Bank PLC
Seylan Bank PLC
SANASA Development Bank Ltd.
Regional Development Bank
Lankaputra Development Bank Ltd.
50
Plantation Sector Manpower, Extent, Production and Yield 2003 2011
Category \ Year 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011(a)
Manpower
JEDB Staff Grades 478 446 376 430 416 393 375 375 370
Labour Grades 7,322 7,953 6,917 6,684 6,402 6,055 5,693 5,810 5,807

SLSPC Staff Grades 395 366 393 404 362 331 317 256 272
Labour Grades 6,799 6,560 6,515 6,152 5,607 5,564 5,424 4,812 4,567

Plantation Staff Grades 13,295 13,186 13,279 12,811 12,266 12,888 12,162 12,446 11,442
Companies Labour Grades
239,050 233,697 233,046 231,845 218,841 217,035 200,439 202,204 196,861

Total Staff Grades 14,168 13,998 14,048 13,645 13,044 13,612 12,854 13,077 12,084
Labour Grades
253,171 248,210 251,040 244,681 230,850 228,654 211,556 212,826 207,235
% of Labour 95 95 95 95 95 94 94 94 94
Total Extent and
Manpower

Total Land Extent (ha.) JEDB 10,038 10,029 10,029 11,851 11,762 11,742 11,792 11,757 6,181
Managed by SLSPC 10,350 8,722 9,698 9,658 9,696 9,696 9,690 9,846 6,168
Plantation Companies 235,565 232,582 230,593 232,511 219,471 230,550 230,655 230,704 172,288

Average extent (ha.) JEDB 627 627 627 697 692 691 694 692 364
per Estate SLSPC 941 793 808 805 808 808 808 821 514
Plantation Companies 579 570 575 568 566 575 577 577 429

Average Manpower JEDB 488 525 456 418 401 379 357 364 363
per Estate SLSPC 654 630 576 546 498 491 478 423 403
Plantation Companies 657 605 614 598 573 573 532 537 518

Total Extent Bearing (ha.)

Tea JEDB 4,218 4,308 4,240 4,209 4,137 4,147 4,146 3,949 3,936
SLSPC 3,788 3,639 4,011 3,949 4,025 3,997 3,523 3,495 3,928

Rubber JEDB 449 466 458 447 416 396 396 362 363
SLSPC 67 65 65 65 65

Coconut JEDB
SLSPC 2 2

Production (000 mt)

Made Tea JEDB 2.5 4.9 5.3 5.3 3.4 3.8 4.3 4.3 4.4

Production by SLSPC 3.3

Other State Agencies 13.0 15.1 5.6 14.2 7.0 7.9 1.5
Plantation Companies 143.9 134.1 139.8 128.3 76.4 79.1 115.4 136.2 122.9
Private 138.5 155.3 166.5 163.0 224.8 235.9 164.4 183.0 198.7
Total 303.2 309.4 317.2 310.8 304.6 318.7 291.1 331.4 327.5

Rubber Production by JEDB 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2
SLSPC 0.02 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.05
Plantation Companies 33.6 32.8 34.8 34.5 37.8 33.8 32.5 32.2 31.3
Private 58.0 62.4 69.3 74.4 79.5 95.1 104.1 120.4 126.6
Total 92.0 95.7 104.4 109.2 117.6 129.2 136.9 153.0 158.2

Coconut Mn/Nuts Plantation Companies 36 39 32 40 40 38 41 40 37
Production by Private 2,556 2,552 2,483 2,745 2,829 2,871 2,812 2,277 2,771
Total 2,592 2,591 2,515 2,785 2,869 2,909 2,853 2,317 2,808

Yield (kg./ha.)

Tea JEDB 714 579 647 565 581 686 517 587 542
SLSPC 867 784 707 670 669 769 519 583 582
National 1,613 1,461 1,418 1,386 1,356 1,421 1,312 1,478 1,475

Rubber JEDB 1,017 802 695 704 755 708 542 777 661
SLSPC 244 889 754
Plantation Companies 867 838 892 833 1,048 958 919 884 939
National 911 1,064 1,171 1,128 1,261 1,382 1,437 1,582 1,555

Coconut (Nuts/ha.) Plantation Companies 3,819 3,977 3,177 4,082 4,203 3,962 4,501 4,284 3,979
National 5,791 6,486 6,370 7,054 7,266 8,795 6,995 6,544
JEDB Janatha Estate Development Board Source : Ministry of Plantation Industries
SLSPC Sri Lanka State Plantation Corporation
(a) Provisional
51
Settlements and Land Cultivated under Mahaweli Programme 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Settlements (Families)
System B (LB) 1,082 2,217 1,049 396 1,360 909 726
System C 361 10 25 253 107 1,612 199
System G 101 96
System H 54 5
System L 37 569 485 1,426 630
Udawalawe ( LB + RB) 506 2,005 2,374 2,931 354 340 143
Victoria / Kotmale / Rambakenoya 26 2 88
Land Cultivated (Hectares)

System H 54,458 45,922 65,029 68,897 70,455 67,529 49,964 67,838 70,993 59,508
Paddy 42,843 34,991 48,566 48,767 44,156 51,263 36,729 50,508 53,119 44,100
Other Crops 11,615 10,931 16,463 20,130 26,299 16,266 13,235 17,330 17,874 15,409
System C 43,471 44,413 43,319 44,540 45,622 46,685 35,813 46,617 46,163 46,170
Paddy 41,165 41,733 41,309 42,294 43,187 43,184 31,949 44,702 45,645 44,554
Other Crops 2,306 2,680 2,010 2,246 2,435 3,501 3,864 1,915 518 1,616
System B 34,224 34,734 35,637 32,559 34,451 35,920 33,024 41,222 41,331 40,591
Paddy 33,226 34,095 33,980 31,512 31,269 33,875 30,370 38,512 38,039 37,898
Other Crops 998 639 1,657 1,047 3,182 2,045 2,654 2,710 3,292 2,693
System G 10,453 9,092 10,774 11,022 11,123 11,223 8,496 11,522 10,444 6,305
Paddy 9,518 8,131 9,497 9,580 9,235 9,727 7,641 10,132 9,356 5,362
Other Crops 935 961 1,277 1,442 1,888 1,496 855 1,390 1,088 943
System L 1,136 1,177 1,218 1,258 1,265 953 1,436 2,167 1,767 3,050
Paddy 861 936 1,038 1,160 951 777 1,121 1,557 999 2,054
Other Crops 275 241 180 98 314 176 315 610 768 996
Udawalawe 33,314 29,482 34,738 36,564 39,059 40,394 43,339 45,229 43,332
Paddy 17,154 16,208 19,388 18,911 20,147 21,583 27,081 27,956 24,799
Other Crops 16,160 13,274 15,350 17,653 18,912 18,811 16,258 17,274 18,534

Total 143,742 168,652 185,459 193,014 199,480 201,369 169,127 212,704 215,927 198,957
Paddy 127,613 137,040 150,598 152,701 147,709 158,973 129,393 172,492 175,113 158,766
Other Crops 16,129 31,612 34,861 40,313 51,771 42,396 39,734 40,212 40,815 40,191
(a) Provisional Source : Mahaweli Authority of Sri Lanka
LB Left Bank
RB Right Bank
52
Industry Table 6.1
Industrial Production 2007 2012
Rs. Million
Industrial Category 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Value Added in Industry (2002 Constant Prices) 355,611 373,215 385,927 414,925 449,177 472,721
Food, Beverages and Tobacco Products 166,101 174,794 185,142 197,731 211,848 222,722
Textiles, Wearing Apparel and Leather Products 84,603 87,215 87,762 92,293 102,263 107,242
Wood and Wood Products 1,061 1,085 1,125 1,193 1,246 1,303
Paper Products, Publishing and Printing 1,503 1,598 1,635 1,742 1,835 1,940
Chemical, Petroleum, Coal, Rubber and Plastic Products 55,140 58,650 59,706 66,990 73,203 77,455
Non-Metallic Mineral Products 14,547 15,306 14,794 16,328 17,670 18,826
Basic Metal Products 930 958 965 1,028 1,090 1,138
Fabricated Metal Products, Machinery and Transport Equipment
30,011 31,702 32,794 35,482 37,733 39,663
Manufactured Products (Not Elsewhere Specified) 1,715 1,907 2,004 2,138 2,290 2,432

Value Added in Industry (Current Price) 605,544 720,979 795,032 916,407 1,084,256 1,233,234
Food, Beverages and Tobacco Products 282,843 348,358 397,244 458,151 537,691 610,891
Textiles, Wearing Apparel and Leather Products 131,522 147,822 155,409 172,726 207,578 239,351
Wood and Wood Products 1,353 1,447 1,585 1,786 2,580 2,908
Paper Products, Publishing and Printing 4,883 5,798 6,631 7,653 8,466 9,372
Chemical, Petroleum, Coal, Rubber and Plastic Products 112,915 135,447 142,935 170,000 207,654 235,515
Non-Metallic Mineral Products 20,352 22,776 24,653 27,865 32,167 35,991
Basic Metal Products 1,521 1,638 1,659 1,826 2,119 2,399
Fabricated Metal Products, Machinery and Transport Equipment
47,947 55,185 62,013 72,990 82,852 93,261
Manufactured Products (Not Elsewhere Specified) 2,208 2,508 2,903 3,410 3,149 3,545
Table 6.2
Sugar 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Sugar Cane
Total Area (with ratoons), Ha. 7,308 8,240 8,445 8,831 7,544 7,294 7,320 7,360 6,992 9,187
Area Harvested, Ha. 5,395 6,655 6,432 8,390 6,185 6,271 6,200 5,988 6,024 7,034
Cane Harvested, 000 MT 442 375 375 462 264 348 287 272 290 348
Average Yield per Hectare, MT 82 56 58 56 48 56 47 50 45 56
Sugar Production, MT
61,050 63,151 53,376 56,019 29,544 39,378 32,168 31,336 34,875 35,659
Sevanagala 18,609 23,000 14,235 18,609 12,184 10,978 8,718 8,602 6,015 9,631
Pelwatta 42,441 40,151 39,141 37,410 17,360 28,400 23,450 22,734 28,860 22,712
Galoya 3,316
Cost of Sugar Production, Rs./kg.
Sevanagala 28.00 30.00 30.93 41.00 48.00 58.32 63.00 65.00 n.a. n.a.
Pelwatta 32.28 35.09 38.80 44.00 44.56 83.66 96.36 93.80 82.00 112.00
Galoya 91.00
Sugar Imports (b)
Volume, MT 000 509 438 418 525 478 571 466 548 606 569
Value, Rs. Mn.
11,199 11,048 13,303 23,256 16,753 21,988 25,045 41,077 47,091 43,872
Import Price (C&F), Rs./MT
21,982 25,227 31,825 44,297 35,067 38,533 53,717 74,987 77,764 77,149
Sugar Availability, MT 000

577.54 558.43 498.31 579.57 506.15 608.66 494.42 579.12 640.88 604.66
Per Capita, kg. 28.52 27.76 24.26 27.89 25.29 30.11 24.18 28.04 30.71 29.84

(b) From 2007 onwards categories are reclassified based on Pelwatta Sugar Industries Ltd.
National Import Tariff Guide - 2010. Sevanagala Sugar Industries Ltd.
n.a. Not available Galoya Plantations Pvt. Ltd.
Sri Lanka Customs
53
Industry Table 6.3
Milk and Milk Products 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Milk Collection, Litres 000 70,689 81,442 70,613 84,902 87,847 87,845 91,844 99,410 95,710 68,519
Milk Industries of Lanka Co., Ltd. (b) 40,408 46,409 48,018 53,460 54,040 53,590 54,870 55,530 52,813 68,519
Ceylon Cold Stores Ltd. 697 834 736
International Dairy Products Ltd. (c)(d) 8,560 10,543
Nestle Lanka Ltd. 21,024 23,656 21,859 31,442 33,807 34,255 36,974 43,880 42,897 n.a.

Finished Products
Liquid Milk, Litres 000 21,515 14,160 13,547 13,562 15,091 13,585 13,837 23,190 18,965 7,768(h)
Pasteurised Milk 10,272 8,620 8,286 7,922 8,943 8,692 8,217 7,427 6,931 3,574(h)
Sterilised Milk 11,243 5,540 5,261 5,640 6,148 4,893 5,620 15,763 12,034 4,194
Condensed Milk, Kgs. 000 4,730 2,597 4,031 3,637 4,743 4,137 298(h)
Milk Powder, Kgs. 000 (e) 29,203 26,327 28,601 31,916 35,531 7,886 8,421(f) 9,593(f) 8,720 14,077(h)

Imports of Milk Products (g)
Infant Milk Food, MT 844 1,123 641 1,866 1,114 1,343 1,442 911 1,756 1,446
Other Milk Food, MT 000 68 59 56 73 66 66 65 76 88 84
(a) Provisional (f) Revised Sources : Ceylon Cold Stores Ltd.

(b) Excluding milk sold to IDPL. (g) From 2007 onwards categories International Dairy Products Ltd. (IDPL)
(c) Including milk purchased from MILCO. are reclassified based on National Milk Industries of Lanka Co. Ltd. (MILCO)
(d) Closed in 2005. Import Tariff Guide - 2010. Nestle Lanka Ltd. (NLL)
(e) This figure includes imported powdered (h) Excluding NLL. Sri Lanka Customs
milk and other powdered malt products n.a. Not available
upto 2007. From 2008 onwards, includes
only domestic productions.
Industry Table 6.4

Textiles 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Exports (b)
Yarn Mn. kgs. 10 7 8 8 15 15 17 15 17 18
Rs. Mn. 2,197 2,158 2,320 2,435 4,990 4,766 4,808 5,621 6,272 7,461
Fabric Mn. kgs. 11 8 10 9 13 12 19 18 17 13
Rs. Mn. 6,826 6,170 4,940 6,200 6,732 7,177 6,365 7,958 9,363 11,807
Garments Mn. kgs. 446 456 554 634 683 721 678 716 815 758
Rs. Mn.
231,652 268,573 276,144 303,263 347,873 355,995 358,374 359,113 440,791 482,212
Total Exports Rs. Mn. 248,574 285,172 291,088 320,829 369,173 376,990 374,645 379,185 463,509 508,607

Export Markets
(% of Value of Garment Exports)
USA 61.3 58.0 59.4 56.0 49.9 45.2 41.2 40.8 39.5 39.9
Germany 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.8 4.5 4.9 5.7 5.5 5.2 5.0
UK 20.5 23.4 22.0 23.4 24.9 26.4 27.0 25.2 23.1 23.3
France 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.7 1.8 1.7 2.0 2.4
Netherland 1.5 1.3 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.9 2.8 1.8 1.1
Canada 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.7 1.8 2.0
Italy 3.1 4.1 5.1 5.9 8.8 9.9 11.2 11.0 12.1 10.9

Imports (b)
Yarn Mn. kgs. 48 51 53 55 57 67 61 71 62 66
Rs. Mn. 14,395 17,889 17,997 20,348 23,490 28,134 25,002 35,800 38,358 40,631
Fabric Mn. kgs. 192 199 208 211 211 201 181 197 224 217
Rs. Mn.
116,347 133,969 134,833 136,918 151,538 152,269 137,148 155,780 203,883 234,192
Fibre Mn. kgs. 11 9 8 8 9 8 8 7 7 7
Rs. Mn. 1,456 1,510 1,465 1,833 2,461 2,441 2,131 2,282 2,650 2,486
Total Value of Imports, Rs. Mn.
132,416 153,476 153,957 160,987 190,894 193,764 175,681 204,542 256,592 289,546
(a) Provisional Sources : Sri Lanka Customs

(b) From 2007 onwards categories are reclassified based on National Import Tariff Guide 2010.
54
Industry Table 6.5
Petroleum 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Crude Oil Imports

Quantity, MT 000 1,995 2,200 2,008 2,151 1,968 1,853 2,066 1,819 2,070 1,486
Value (C & F), Rs.Mn. 41,628 61,434 77,795 106,699 113,584 143,159 111,715 120,180 183,056 157,758

Refined Products Imports (b)
Quantity, MT 000 1,407 1,548 1,750 2,222 2,324 2,396 2,162 2,882 3,501 3,961
Value (C & F), Rs.Mn. 38,828 60,720 88,262 136,282 364,169 222,235 138,190 222,273 335,225 467,058

Processed in Sri Lanka, MT 000

Petrol 196 203 161 193 163 164 179 158 206 152
Kerosene 154 144 142 144 97 111 83 93 93 75
Furnace Oil 721 786 624 766 772 731 781 686 779 649
Auto Diesel 612 657 559 628 445 453 485 442 501 412
Marine and Heavy Diesel 20
Aviation Fuel (Avtur) 96 126 114 131 171 154 195 126 155 93
Liquid Petroleum Gas 15 16 13 16 16 24 23 24 17
Asphalts (Bitumen) 41 50 52 40 45 42 35 46 27
Naptha (Chemical) 95 7 113 92 100 105 84 80 70
Solvents 3 4 4 5 3 17 2 3 4
Locally Blended Lubrication Oil

Exports, Rs. Mn. 6,299 10,133 13,170 19,580 18,791 27,553 15,447 29,761 61,170 58,902
(a) Provisional Sources : Ceylon Petroleum Corporation

(b) Excluding coal. Lanka IOC PLC
Sri Lanka Customs
Table 6.6
Minerals 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Precious & Semi Precious Stones

Exports, Rs. Mn. 6,244.1 9,071.0 8,313.3 10,067.3 11,567.5 8,259.8 7,912.3 7,944.5
10,523.0 14,982.2
Gem Exports 5,989.1 8,809.4 8,004.7 9,853.2 11,364.7 8,096.2 7,754.3 7,802.1 10,375.7 14,757.6
Geuda Exports 255.0 261.6 208.6 214.1 202.8 163.6 158.0 142.4 147.3 224.6
Tourist Sales, Rs. Mn.
1,094.9
1,936.6
1,326.2 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Graphite Production, MT 2,966 5,373 5,196 7,956 6,152 6,136 n.a. 766(b) 3,883 n.a.
Exports Quantity, 3,517 4,470 4,229 5,077 5,152 5,176 3,018 3,231 3,341 3,094
Value, Rs. Mn. 169 254 276 297 420 378 260 454 479 561
Average Price, Rs./MT 48,048 56,768 65,309 58,629 81,603 73,055 86,011 140,533
143,376 154,820
Local Sales Quantity, MT 43 51 52 93 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Value, Rs.000 1,124 1,594 1,439 2,279 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Ilmenite Production, MT n.a. 8,115 31,763 26,098 70,728 56,824 31,967 57,455 68,085 44,707
Exports Quantity, MT n.a. 20 25,243 77,286 35,480 16,731 74,074 50,009 38,122 51,187
Value, Rs. Mn. n.a. n.a. 158 508 270 214 414 510 923 2,000
Rutile Production, MT n.a. n.a. 1,055 2,964 4,607 3,405 2,390 2,859 1,970 1,590
Exports Quantity, MT n.a. 324 1,697 1,559 5,393 6,090 6,661 4,223 2,302 1,648
Value, Rs. Mn. n.a. 18 91 97 265 231 163 239 295 516
(a) Provisional Sources : Lanka Mineral Sands Ltd.

(b) Does not include data from Bogala Graphite Lanka Ltd. National Gem and Jewellery Authority
n.a. Not available Bogala Graphite Lanka Ltd.
55
Industry Table 6.7
Cement 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Local Production
Production Volume, MT 000 852 953 1,037 1,544 1,637 1,572 1,453 1,740 1,974 2,068

Imports
Volume, MT 000 1,393 808 1,460 1,849 2,117 2,004 1,702 2,012 2,817 3,796
Value, Rs. Mn. 5,302 3,496 7,615 11,796 14,976 16,784 14,042 14,856 22,222 33,337
Imports Price (C&F), Rs. per MT 3,807 4,329 5,217 6,378 7,074 8,375 8,250 7,384 7,889 8,782
Price, Rs. per MT (Annual Avg.) (b) 7,840 9,360 8,144 7,926 8,854 10,338 11,279 9,855 10,720 13,097
(a) Provisional Sources : Holcim (Lanka) Limited

(b) Ex-factory price per MT Tokyo Cement Company Lanka PLC
Sri Lanka Customs
Table 6.8
Electricity 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Available Capacity, MW 2,243 2,378 2,411 2,434 2,444 2,645 2,684 2,817 3,148 3,312
Installed Capacity, MW 2,223 2,329 2,411 2,434 2,444 2,645 2,684 2,817 3,148 3,312
CEB Hydro 1,207 1,207 1,207 1,207 1,207 1,207 1,207 1,207 1,207 1,357
Thermal 618 573 548 548 548 548 548 548 854 854
Other 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Private Hydro - Small 40 73 84 107 117 138 172 175 194 227
Thermal (b) 355 452 567 567 567 737 742 842 842 784
Other 12 12 42 48 87
Emergency Power (c) 20 20
Maximum Demand, MW 1,516 1,563 1,748 1,893 1,842 1,922 1,868 1,955 2,163 2,146
Units Generated, GWh 7,612 8,159 8,769 9,389 9,814 9,901 9,882 10,714 11,528 11,800
CEB Hydro 3,190 2,755 3,173 4,290 3,603 3,700 3,356 4,988 4,018 2,727
Thermal 2,193 2,507 2,162 1,669 2,336 2,083 2,091 1,394 2,532 3,433
Other 3 3 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 2
Private Hydro - Small 120 206 277 345 344 428 525 646 601 571
Thermal (b) 1,711 2,064 3,152 3,082 3,528 3,680 3,883 3,601 4,253 4,906
Other 6 23 83 121 161
Emergency Power (c)
394 509
Self Generation 115
Sales, GWh 6,208 6,666 7,255 7,832 8,276 8,417 8,441 9,268 10,024 10,475
Domestic and Religious 2,030 2,204 2,444 2,622 2,771 2,799 2,927 3,186 3,430 3,577
Industrial 2,159 2,266 2,446 2,605 2,627 2,678 2,518 2,870 3,131 3,285
Small Units 147 157 166 178 195 202 219 232 252 272
Medium Units 1,174 1,240 1,323 1,419 1,384 1,386 1,316 1,473 1,574 1,628
Large Units 838 869 957 1,014 1,049 1,090 983 1,165 1,306 1,385
General Purpose and Hotel 1,042 1,132 1,254 1,395 1,626 1,703 1,768 1,903 2,087 2,202
LECO 894 981 1,027 1,111 1,144 1,130 1,120 1,201 1,267 1,302
Street Lighting 83 83 83 98 108 108 108 108 109 109
(a) Provisional Source : Ceylon Electricity Board

(b) Inclusive of Independent Power Producers (IPP)
(c) Emergency power plants were terminated from end June 2003, and from end October 2004, except Chunnakam (20 MW)
56
Industry Table 6.9
Gross Generation of Electricity by Power Stations 2010 and 2011
Power Capacity
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total
Station MW
CEB Generation in 2010, Gwh
Hydro
Kelani River Complex
Canyon 60.00 12.68 8.76 11.71 13.46 11.84 14.99 14.73 15.20 19.13 21.27 16.52 14.36 174.66
Old Laxapana 50.00 27.54 21.44 24.17 15.56 29.67 32.78 33.54 35.19 32.03 34.82 29.21 33.25 349.19
New Laxapana 100.00 37.69 26.98 36.29 42.15 46.37 56.26 58.85 57.48 61.42 68.10 56.58 49.50 597.66
Wimalasurendra 50.00 13.17 9.97 11.33 6.51 11.16 11.59 12.50 14.08 13.42 17.34 14.70 20.52 156.30
Samanala 75.00 32.73 25.81 29.92 27.49 41.87 49.73 51.87 50.53 48.52 52.41 46.53 44.22 501.62
Sub Total 335.00 123.81 92.96 113.42 105.17 140.91 165.34 171.50 172.48 174.53 193.93 163.54 161.85 1,779.44
Mahaweli River Complex
Ukuwela 40.00 4.06 15.54 7.02 3.79 12.26 23.93 24.28 23.95 11.85 13.17 14.38 16.96 171.20
Bowetanne 40.00 2.33 2.22 2.37 0.04 4.31 5.60 5.69 5.65 2.44 5.90 6.45 20.81 63.81
Victoria 210.00 43.75 59.60 71.41 51.20 31.89 16.57 58.19 108.97 97.51 138.45 135.36 158.37 971.26
Kotmale 201.00 41.86 37.52 13.12 2.08 33.08 52.16 71.07 58.29 53.97 93.42 45.94 80.85 583.36
Randenigala 122.00 16.27 30.56 45.37 19.97 30.01 28.37 25.85 33.02 31.81 49.34 44.59 72.97 428.12
Rantambe 49.00 10.67 15.17 19.96 10.77 15.66 13.99 14.05 16.24 15.75 23.46 23.57 33.92 213.21
Sub Total 662.00 118.95 160.61 159.25 87.84 127.21 140.62 199.12 246.12 213.32 323.74 270.30 383.87 2,430.95
Samanalawewa 120.00 31.45 45.09 45.38 22.20 16.70 34.47 36.82 22.49 12.75 24.85 20.46 62.25 374.90
Kukule 70.00 18.87 12.10 6.02 18.84 38.86 38.58 43.55 23.24 25.17 35.49 43.11 46.54 350.38
Mini Hydro (CEB)
Inginiyagala 11.25 2.86 1.68 0.66 4.65 4.55 3.69 2.66 0.17 0.01 0.00 0.74 1.46 23.11
Uda Walawe 6.00 2.49 1.40 1.24 0.66 2.08 2.11 1.94 0.92 0.07 0.59 0.52 1.44 15.43
Nilambe 3.20 0.79 0.18 0.11 0.57 1.65 1.03 1.64 1.24 1.17 1.79 1.76 2.31 14.25
Sub Total 20.45 6.13 3.26 2.00 5.88 8.28 6.82 6.23 2.33 1.25 2.38 3.02 5.20 52.79
Total Hydro
1,207.45 299.21 314.02 326.08 239.94 331.96 385.83 457.22 466.66 427.02 580.39 500.43 659.71 4,988.46
Wind Power 3.00 0.17 0.21 0.15 0.12 0.27 0.40 0.35 0.46 0.32 0.38 0.09 0.10 3.00
Thermal
Kelanitissa Steam
Gas 100.00 0.04 8.76 11.06 1.62 1.23 0.67 0.34 0.68 0.66 0.66 0.01 0.46 26.18
Gas (New) 115.00 0.00 6.25 17.24 0.00 3.60 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 27.10
Combined Cycle 165.00 85.34 53.79 105.00 76.19 49.80 17.21 12.65 30.59 37.80 11.36 1.99 11.57 493.30
Sapugaskanda 80.00 25.89 26.84 28.91 29.21 30.92 30.78 32.35 30.63 32.93 35.67 35.14 21.16 360.42
Sapugaskanda Ext. 80.00 46.50 37.96 44.51 41.72 44.01 42.83 42.87 43.89 37.91 29.10 38.36 30.71 480.36
Chunnakam 8.00 0.37 0.41 0.51 0.69 0.60 0.47 0.54 0.71 0.69 0.85 0.57 0.48 6.88
Total Thermal 548.00 158.13 134.01 207.23 149.42 130.15 91.97 88.76 106.50 110.00 77.63 76.06 64.37 1,394.23
Total CEB
1,758.45 457.51 448.23 533.46 389.48 462.38 478.19 546.33 573.61 537.34 658.40 576.58 724.18 6,385.69
Private
Mini Hydro (Private) 34.30 17.03 8.37 39.52 53.43 74.71 74.52 52.12 59.55 67.18 65.39 99.68 645.80
NRE (a) 2.27 0.12 5.42 1.81 3.47 5.57 15.29 13.04 8.46 16.53 5.20 5.49 82.67
Thermal 352.38 340.51 387.54 413.80 361.94 343.44 297.13 279.61 292.02 196.74 238.88 96.33 3,600.33
Total Private 388.95 357.66 401.33 455.14 418.84 423.71 386.94 344.77 360.03 280.45 309.47 201.50 4,328.80
Grand Total 846.46 805.89 934.79 844.61 881.23 901.91 933.27 918.38 897.37 938.85 886.05 925.68 10,714.49
CEB Generation in 2011, Gwh

Hydro
Kelani River Complex
Canyon 60.00 11.72 15.93 20.25 17.26 17.13 13.06 10.16 3.78 7.23 14.06 5.06 2.73 138.36
Old Laxapana 50.00 33.97 27.27 32.67 32.54 30.25 21.60 9.03 11.45 24.55 21.44 9.21 4.46 258.43
New Laxapana 100.00 37.85 50.71 62.78 56.07 61.81 49.13 38.20 18.36 34.68 45.68 17.47 8.80 481.53
Wimalasurendra 50.00 17.45 12.57 15.25 14.77 10.86 6.19 1.49 3.05 7.28 8.72 3.21 1.43 102.26
Samanala 75.00 34.17 39.85 48.10 45.75 49.72 38.54 23.79 16.65 34.12 34.08 13.38 6.30 384.46
Sub Total 335.00 135.16 146.33 179.05 166.39 169.77 128.52 82.67 53.28 107.86 123.98 48.33 23.71 1,365.03
Mahaweli River Complex
Ukuwela 40.00 20.27 14.92 9.49 7.75 19.92 23.39 19.30 15.29 4.78 8.51 10.93 2.95 157.51
Bowetanne 40.00 25.43 17.67 6.20 3.16 5.65 5.09 3.28 3.46 0.88 1.64 3.14 3.16 78.76
Victoria 210.00 151.77 135.71 111.68 59.27 81.12 82.19 13.31 11.06 13.00 29.62 43.87 14.43 747.04
Kotmale 201.00 60.54 71.71 19.02 30.17 42.01 34.63 24.50 27.75 10.33 8.05 21.67 22.35 372.73
Randenigala 122.00 87.57 76.60 54.41 42.64 40.82 38.52 40.34 13.78 3.35 3.09 4.71 7.94 413.76
Rantambe 49.00 38.21 31.65 27.04 22.28 20.23 17.72 19.31 6.92 1.56 5.00 6.55 8.85 205.31
Sub Total 662.00 383.79 348.24 227.84 165.26 209.75 201.55 120.05 78.26 33.90 55.92 90.87 59.67 1,975.10
Samanalawewa 120.00 42.92 34.40 43.41 48.89 57.01 17.30 4.32 2.29 1.94 2.85 6.31 32.12 293.76
Kukule 70.00 24.46 17.22 18.79 34.52 32.54 27.21 14.15 27.36 30.13 22.62 35.96 33.11 318.07
Mini Hydro (CEB)
Inginiyagala 11.25 0.37 5.59 4.83 4.41 7.06 6.07 6.46 2.11 0.04 0.53 2.64 4.24 44.33
Uda Walawe 6.00 2.60 1.86 2.23 0.59 1.08 1.07 0.34 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.44 11.46
Nilambe 3.20 2.26 1.90 0.87 0.81 0.65 0.31 0.08 0.08 0.42 0.68 1.10 0.77 9.92
Sub Total 20.45 5.23 9.35 7.93 5.81 8.78 7.45 6.88 2.43 0.46 1.20 3.74 6.45 65.72
Total Hydro
1,207.45 591.56 555.54 477.03 420.86 477.85 382.03 228.07 163.62 174.28 206.57 185.21 155.06 4,017.67
Wind Power 3.00 0.13 0.07 0.08 0.11 0.38 0.46 0.41 0.33 0.33 0.18 0.09 0.09 2.66
Thermal
Kelanitissa Steam
Gas 100.00 0.09 0.10 0.49 1.30 0.76 9.68 12.56 5.71 6.31 14.47 17.85 7.28 76.60
Gas (New) 115.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.95 0.00 15.68 9.46 67.05 50.55 41.63 18.93 38.48 243.73
Combined Cycle 165.00 1.43 2.27 5.75 7.17 11.50 32.26 51.14 28.14 26.78 39.24 4.00 46.00 255.67
Sapugaskanda 80.00 26.53 26.99 40.64 33.74 39.47 35.00 36.95 40.92 36.34 39.44 28.24 27.64 411.88
Sapugaskanda Ext. 80.00 37.85 37.10 49.91 46.30 38.51 42.83 39.57 41.90 28.79 45.73 44.51 46.06 499.05
Chunnakam 13.80 0.42 0.37 0.61 0.46 0.61 0.58 0.50 0.61 0.64 0.79 0.54 0.51 6.62
Total Thermal Oil 553.80 66.31 66.82 97.40 90.91 90.85 136.03 150.17 184.33 149.41 181.29 114.07 165.97 1,493.55
Puttalam Coal 300.00 17.72 50.00 85.04 96.17 16.15 116.67 172.66 139.89 43.59 132.05 168.19 1,038.11
Total Thermal Oil 853.80 66.31 84.54 147.40 175.95 187.02 152.17 266.84 356.99 289.29 224.89 246.12 334.15 2,531.67
Total CEB
2,064.25 657.99 640.15 624.51 596.92 665.25 534.66 495.32 520.94 463.90 431.64 431.41 489.31 6,552.00
Private
Mini Hydro (Private) 52.62 54.66 39.41 52.38 54.77 53.72 39.71 48.04 55.74 45.22 55.51 48.79 600.57
NRE (a) 6.47 5.20 4.88 5.39 14.18 16.74 17.04 15.74 15.54 7.17 3.21 10.14 121.69
Thermal (Oil) 176.20 136.30 320.16 242.53 267.98 357.70 448.68 429.14 450.86 506.19 467.95 449.86 4,253.55
Total Private 235.29 196.16 364.45 300.30 336.93 428.16 505.44 492.92 522.14 558.58 526.67 508.79 4,975.81
Grand Total 893.28 836.31 988.96 897.22 1,002.18 962.82 1,000.76 1,013.86 986.03 990.22 958.08 998.10 11,527.81
(a) Non-Conventional Renewable Energy (Solar, Dendro & Biomass). Source : Ceylon Electricity Board
Note : Electricity Generation under the Self Generation Scheme
57
implemented in 2011 was 2.895 GWh.
Industry Table 6.10
Electricity Sales by Province 2008 2011
Province Units in Gwh Revenue, Rs. Mn. No. of Consumer Accounts

&
Type of Sale 2008 2009 2010 2011 2008 2009 2010 2011 2008 2009 2010 2011
Colombo City
Domestic 242.74 242.47 246.65 252.78 4,819.09 4,747.63 4,779.11 5,057.16 117,342 120,142 122,851 125,396
Religious 6.71 6.69 6.99 6.80 143.10 76.86 80.46 59.65 750 767 781 806
Industrial 151.64 148.73 162.66 167.17 1,882.27 1,757.02 1,889.08 2,145.38 394 376 416 406
Commercial 700.84 712.36 743.71 802.90 13,212.75 14,057.34 14,730.03 16,943.56 28,842 29,659 30,220 30,992
Street Lighting 9.74 9.71 9.71 9.71 215.50 239.85 239.85
Total 1,111.65 1,119.96 1,169.72 1,239.37 20,272.71 20,878.70 21,718.53 24,205.75 147,328 150,944 154,268 157,600
Western Province (a)
Domestic 831.03 862.36 919.00 969.65 9,361.09 9,155.60 9,957.74 10,736.63 884,046 912,356 937,845 966,592
Religious 7.77 8.08 8.75 9.68 124.50 74.15 81.96 70.87 3,866 4,040 4,234 4,462
Industrial 1,464.88 1,333.10 1,547.19 1,710.16 17,713.28 15,577.52 17,673.67 21,729.27 10,348 10,657 10,827 10,961
Commercial 380.60 386.56 411.74 459.88 7,380.24 7,884.79 8,421.21 9,681.48 101,190 104,057 107,620 112,561
Street Lighting 39.46 39.35 39.35 39.33 872.21 972.40 972.00
Local Authority & LECO 1,035.02 1,022.83 1,099.10 12,580.40 12,775.80 13,797.42 32 31 32
Total 3,758.76 3,652.27 4,025.13 3,188.69 48,031.72 46,440.25 50,903.99 42,218.25 999,482 1,031,141 1,060,558 1,094,576
Central Province
Domestic 330.11 339.59 367.66 394.13 2,866.93 2,734.81 3,030.68 3,191.65 490,876 510,747 530,029 554,532
Religious 5.01 5.08 5.32 6.02 70.74 41.79 43.57 39.55 3,481 3,630 3,784 3,986
Industrial 140.39 136.15 149.63 160.64 1,782.47 1,631.27 1,754.00 2,102.98 3,241 3,275 3,342 3,405
Commercial 140.96 146.57 159.46 171.72 2,704.30 2,969.85 3,230.75 3,599.05 57,235 58,899 61,032 64,537
Street Lighting 6.27 6.25 6.25 6.25 138.77 154.45 154.45
Total 622.73 633.64 688.33 738.77 7,563.20 7,532.16 8,213.44 8,933.23 554,833 576,551 598,187 626,460
Southern Province
Domestic 307.59 324.49 351.74 379.05 2,593.43 2,527.48 2,805.66 2,929.61 490,906 512,128 534,871 556,699
Religious 4.20 4.52 4.83 5.43 61.68 38.58 41.69 36.70 2,512 2,706 2,888 3,056
Industrial 206.29 178.33 200.16 223.20 2,506.14 2,187.03 2,466.88 2,908.42 2,974 3,280 3,683 3,989
Commercial 110.48 114.64 127.45 140.76 2,061.39 2,245.06 2,512.95 2,892.23 47,549 48,464 50,439 52,738
Street Lighting 10.53 10.50 10.50 10.50 233.09 259.42 259.42
Local Authority & LECO 94.83 97.09 102.20 1,143.15 1,180.57 1,272.38 6 6 6
Total 733.92 729.57 796.88 758.94 8,598.88 8,438.13 9,358.97 8,766.97 543,947 566,584 591,887 616,482
Northern Province
Domestic 69.30 78.70 98.43 117.36 608.08 671.18 908.57 1,084.61 109,268 114,283 123,491 142,189
Religious 2.60 2.83 3.45 3.88 35.18 22.60 28.91 25.28 2,373 2,485 2,618 2,852
Industrial 4.69 5.45 7.23 10.02 67.92 70.76 90.74 135.76 1,744 1,931 2,154 2,498
Commercial 33.68 40.28 53.72 65.93 669.97 839.75 1,111.80 1,396.39 13,502 13,632 15,348 18,512
Street Lighting 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.76 36.16 40.25 40.25
Total 111.91 128.88 164.46 198.94 1,417.31 1,644.54 2,180.26 2,642.04 126,887 132,331 143,611 166,051
Eastern Province
Domestic 174.71 194.23 218.13 238.39 1,637.61 1,710.31 1,965.85 2,135.76 240,121 260,887 276,944 298,570
Religious 3.16 3.39 3.74 4.07 46.69 28.52 31.93 27.72 1,990 2,107 2,220 2,360
Industrial 107.09 108.84 117.36 117.10 1,274.87 1,215.20 1,311.14 1,432.03 3,279 3,511 3,844 4,040
Commercial 57.53 65.77 74.01 81.66 1,144.61 1,381.13 1,545.19 1,741.49 25,085 27,586 29,719 32,317
Street Lighting 4.48 4.86 4.86 4.86 107.74 119.91 119.91
Total 346.97 377.08 418.09 446.07 4,211.51 4,455.08 4,974.02 5,337.00 270,475 294,091 312,727 337,287
North Western Province
Domestic 329.64 349.65 382.04 415.49 2,969.88 2,927.05 3,281.90 3,525.41 469,474 493,157 517,027 544,613
Religious 4.64 4.93 5.42 6.07 58.25 37.93 42.56 37.10 3,782 3,899 4,060 4,186
Industrial 317.74 331.82 378.48 415.16 3,883.57 3,872.66 4,212.82 5,147.73 10,217 11,032 12,195 13,199
Commercial 103.02 111.77 125.91 138.46 2,032.10 2,349.84 2,672.60 2,974.24 56,361 58,697 61,617 65,291
Street Lighting 27.44 27.37 27.37 27.37 607.38 675.99 675.99
Total 782.49 825.54 919.21 1,002.55 9,551.19 9,863.47 10,885.87 11,684.48 539,834 566,785 594,899 627,289
North Central Province
Domestic 140.41 148.23 169.98 186.39 1,152.00 1,126.09 1,305.29 1,406.61 225,874 243,019 260,111 276,635
Religious 2.38 3.09 3.04 3.25 34.74 28.66 27.16 22.39 1,441 1,542 1,613 1,726
Industrial 58.25 62.24 72.53 84.84 798.75 783.91 904.65 1,140.38 4,795 5,040 5,239 5,373
Commercial 59.47 63.81 72.08 79.94 1,161.96 1,307.05 1,473.38 1,669.67 25,855 27,144 28,961 30,789
Street Lighting 1.92 1.91 1.91 2.08 42.47 47.27 47.27
Total 262.44 279.28 319.54 356.50 3,189.92 3,292.98 3,757.74 4,239.06 257,965 276,745 295,924 314,523
Uva Province
Domestic 154.42 158.51 177.10 197.45 1,178.50 1,151.11 1,316.66 1,398.80 286,586 301,659 319,215 337,571
Religious 2.75 2.62 2.71 3.08 38.59 20.95 21.21 18.97 2,082 2,215 2,371 2,502
Industrial 90.59 84.27 91.45 91.54 1,121.02 1,016.21 1,090.96 1,226.64 1,811 1,862 2,034 2,195
Commercial 61.97 70.35 73.99 76.59 1,251.17 1,470.64 1,548.51 1,649.11 28,415 29,186 30,012 31,551
Street Lighting 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.31 27.73 30.86 30.86
Total 310.99 316.99 346.50 369.98 3,617.00 3,689.77 4,008.21 4,293.52 318,894 334,922 353,632 373,819
Sabaragamuwa Province
Domestic 177.17 185.21 207.19 228.04 1,434.74 1,390.98 1,585.77 1,671.49 293,854 313,296 336,445 362,941
Religious 2.41 2.49 3.26 3.19 30.79 19.46 28.15 20.24 1,873 2,028 2,194 2,384
Industrial 136.31 129.51 143.31 151.25 1,719.90 1,575.73 1,710.54 2,005.78 1,227 1,270 1,325 1,463
Commercial 54.25 55.02 61.26 68.75 1,137.88 1,196.99 1,321.98 1,496.65 32,300 33,479 34,765 36,571
Street Lighting 5.39 5.38 5.38 5.38 119.35 132.83 132.83
Total 375.54 377.60 420.40 456.62 4,442.67 4,315.99 4,779.27 5,194.16 329,254 350,073 374,729 403,359
Grand Total 8,417.39 8,440.80 9,268.28 8,756.42 110,896.10 110,551.05 120,780.30 117,514.45 4,088,899 4,280,167 4,480,422 4,717,446
(a) Excluding Colombo city. Source : Ceylon Electricity Board
58
Industry Table 6.11
Water Consumers, Consumption and Revenue by Province 2009 2012
No. of Consumers Quantity of Water (m3 Mn.) Revenue Billed (Rs. Mn.) Revenue Collected (Rs. Mn.)
Province \ Year
2009 2010 2011 2012 2009 2010 2011 2012 2009 2010 2011 2012 2009 2010 2011 2012
Western Domestic 575,852 599,846 630,157 677,427 119.3 123.4 130.0 141.9 3,668.1 4,076.2 4,316.0 5,062.4 3,456.7 4,041.1 4,227.3 4,855.0
Government 3,164 3,483 3,570 3,730 21.2 22.1 23.2 23.7 1,304.5 1,417.3 1,508.5 1,552.2 1,250.3 1,413.2 1,489.9 1,510.1
Industry 334 333 339 387 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.8 64.0 80.4 82.4 99.2 65.5 77.6 91.8 105.4
Other 48,505 50,646 53,492 56,823 37.9 37.9 40.1 43.0 2,339.7 2,565.9 2,704.3 2,938.2 2,203.1 2,540.9 2,659.5 2,888.5
Total 627,855 654,308 687,558 738,367 179.5 184.6 194.5 210.5 7,376.3 8,139.9 8,611.2 9,652.0 6,975.7 8,072.8 8,468.4 9,359.0

Central Domestic 138,691 153,567 167,962 185,673 22.8 24.1 26.6 30.2 473.0 561.0 639.4 791.6 453.1 576.0 688.6 804.4
Government 846 913 988 1,029 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 53.2 55.5 59.4 61.2 49.8 54.6 60.0 57.1
Industry 75 72 73 67 ... 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.6 0.9 1.0
Other 8,858 9,707 10,665 11,743 8.8 8.8 9.5 9.2 277.7 302.1 330.2 621.2 268.9 303.3 328.9 446.2
Total 148,470 164,259 179,688 198,512 32.4 33.8 37.0 40.2 804.7 919.1 1,029.9 1,475.1 772.6 934.5 1,078.4 1,308.7

Southern Domestic
176,588 191,281 208,963 225,301 29.4 31.6 34.8 37.8 664.4 772.7 871.0 1,019.5 593.3 771.4 841.1 951.4
Government 1,600 1,669 1,760 1,845 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.7 143.8 162.2 174.6 183.4 139.1 165.6 174.2 167.4
59
Industry 92 98 99 100 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 5.1 6.7 8.4 9.4 5.3 6.5 9.0 8.7
Other 10,270 10,772 11,650 12,473 4.8 5.2 5.7 6.3 250.1 298.9 329.4 367.7 240.8 314.8 325.4 360.6
Total 188,550 203,820 222,472 239,719 36.6 39.3 43.2 46.9 1,063.5 1,240.5 1,383.4 1,580.0 978.4 1,258.4 1,349.6 1,488.1

Northern Domestic 4,589 5,465 6,003 6,762 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 19.0 23.0 25.7 29.3 15.2 22.7 24.5 30.0
Government 147 153 554 172 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 11.7 15.0 12.5 9.6 7.8 13.4 11.9 11.6
Industry 2 4 4 4 ... ... 0.1 0.1 ... ... 0.1
Other 893 834 526 984 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 14.5 11.6 11.4 14.9 12.1 12.0 10.7 15.7
Total 5,631 6,456 7,087 7,922 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 45.2 49.7 49.6 53.8 35.1 48.2 47.2 57.4

Eastern Domestic 81,024 90,681 101,153 119,499 12.3 13.4 14.2 16.1 252.1 294.3 318.7 404.5 223.9 289.2 320.6 363.3
Government 791 871 938 1,069 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.0 105.1 119.7 136.8 131.8 100.9 124.0 133.7 121.6
Industry 18 18 17 16 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 12.3 13.1 13.3 14.4 11.8 13.4 13.8 14.1
Other 3,228 3,599 3,958 4,539 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.6 80.9 90.1 84.3 97.7 83.8 86.9 88.5 87.4
Total 85,061 95,169 106,066 125,123 15.6 16.9 17.9 20.0 450.3 517.1 553.0 648.4 420.4 513.5 556.6 586.4
(Contd.)
Industry Table 6.11
Water Consumers, Consumption and Revenue by Province 2009 2012 (Contd.)
No. of Consumers Quantity of Water (m3 Mn.) Revenue Billed (Rs. Mn.) Revenue Collected (Rs. Mn.)
Province \ Year
2009 2010 2011 20012 2009 2010 2011 2012 2009 2010 2011 2012 2009 2010 2011 2012
North Western Domestic 32,449 36,685 42,037 48,790 5.3 5.6 6.2 7.2 118.5 132.3 146.9 184.0 109.8 131.5 151.8 192.3
Government 417 448 465 482 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 28.2 31.5 35.9 34.5 26.5 29.6 33.9 37.0
Industry 117 101 96 92 ... 0.1 2.1 2.8 3.0 4.7 1.9 2.7 3.2 4.8
Other 3,364 3,713 4,088 4,566 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.0 91.2 102.5 113.6 122.3 90.0 104.1 114.9 121.5
Total 36,347 40,947 46,686 53,930 8.9 9.3 10.2 10.7 239.9 269.1 299.4 345.5 228.2 267.9 303.8 355.7

North Central Domestic 50,044 56,539 60,828 72,958 8.6 9.4 10.3 11.9 196.9 223.4 257.5 327.2 227.3 256.1 278.7 360.5
Government 752 809 834 901 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.3 143.7 155.8 161.1 156.4 113.8 166.2 164.7 152.3
Industry 3 6 6 7 ... ... 0.1 ... ... 0.1 ... 0.1
Other 4,870 5,225 5,626 6,448 2.2 2.3 2.6 2.7 115.2 121.9 134.2 150.7 108.9 124.8 139.1 144.3
Total 55,669 62,579 67,294 80,314 13.1 14.0 15.3 17.0 455.8 501.0 552.8 634.4 450.0 547.1 582.4 657.1

Uva Domestic 48,018 51,906 54,068 57,847 7.3 7.7 8.1 8.7 147.9 169.2 188.4 219.4 139.6 165.4 172.0 200.1
Government 787 827 849 869 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.0 107.8 121.7 128.2 132.5 93.6 119.8 127.3 127.9
60
Industry 1 1 1 1 0.1 ... 0.1 1.1 4.2 3.2 3.4 0.7 4.5 2.7 3.6
Other 3,818 4,037 4,274 4,531 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.7 65.5 77.5 78.2 86.0 67.9 74.7 88.6 84.5
Total 52,624 56,771 59,192 63,248 10.3 11.1 11.7 12.4 322.4 372.6 398.0 441.3 301.8 364.4 390.6 416.1

Sabaragamuwa Domestic 59,381 62,206 65,665 72,359 9.6 9.9 10.4 11.4 216.0 237.0 257.9 301.7 192.1 243.1 234.2 282.5
Government 634 640 664 704 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 46.7 54.6 57.6 60.6 48.8 56.3 56.2 57.4
Industry 100 105 140 161 ... ... 1.5 1.8 1.5 2.3 1.4 1.7 1.5 2.3
Other 6,006 6,313 6,789 7,304 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 97.1 113.9 125.5 135.8 97.0 120.0 119.3 134.0
Total 66,121 69,264 73,258 80,528 11.8 12.3 13.1 14.2 361.2 407.3 442.5 500.4 339.4 421.0 411.1 476.1

Total Domestic
1,166,636
1,248,176
1,336,836
1,466,616 215.3 225.9 241.6 266.3 5,755.9 6,488.9 7,021.4 8,339.8 5,411.0 6,496.7 6,938.8 8,039.4
Government 9,138 9,813 10,622 10,801 31.5 32.8 34.7 35.2 1,944.6 2,133.3 2,274.5 2,322.3 1,830.5 2,142.6 2,251.6 2,242.3
Industry 742 738 775 835 1.4 1.7 1.7 2.4 86.9 109.6 112.8 134.5 87.4 107.1 122.9 140.1
Other 89,812 94,846 101,068 109,411 61.5 62.3 66.3 69.6 3,331.9 3,684.4 3,911.1 4,534.5 3,172.5 3,681.4 3,874.8 4,282.8
Total
1,266,328 1,353,573 1,449,301 1,587,663 309.6 322.7 344.3 373.5 11,119.3 12,416.3 13,319.8 15,331.0 10,501.5 12,427.9 13,188.1 14,704.6
Negligible Source : National Water Supply & Drainage Board

Industry Table 6.12
Board of Investment (BOI) Enterprises 2003 2012
Industrial Category 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010(a) 2011 2012(b)
Employment (End December)
Food, Beverages and Tobacco Products 13,485 14,173 14,570 13,560 13,189 13,227 13,195 13,984 13,436 n.a.
Textile, Wearing Apparel and
Leather Products 301,309 302,814 275,888 271,508 296,332 302,304 307,912 264,456 276,551 n.a.
Wood and Wood Products 2,024 2,385 2,106 1,551 1,519 1,338 1,771 3,621 3,861 n.a.
Paper, Paper Products, Printing &
Publishing 2,135 1,714 1,587 1,652 1,655 1,703 1,730 1,890 2,325 n.a.
Chemicals, Petroleum, Coal,
Rubber and Plastic Products 27,696 27,617 27,983 27,564 26,341 26,494 23,382 20,659 26,017 n.a.
Non-Metallic Mineral Products 10,166 11,005 9,925 10,132 6,882 6,239 9,082 8,854 9,228 n.a.
Fabricated Metal, Machinery &
Transport Equipment 6,740 7,850 6,876 7,199 7,606 6,441 6,866 6,853 7,113 n.a.
Manufactured Products
(Not Elsewhere Specified) 30,448 29,223 25,179 25,493 29,423 31,348 27,164 27,492 27,930 n.a.
Services (includes Agriculture) 37,047 40,917 46,737 62,612 68,987 69,071 86,428 78,275 84,452 n.a.
Total 431,050 437,698 410,851 421,271 451,934 458,165 477,530 426,084 450,913 n.a.

Gross Export Earnings (f.o.b.), Rs. Mn.
Food, Beverages and Tobacco Products 15,381 18,144 33,879 35,505 51,464 38,136 35,277 30,790 34,234 41,409
Textile, Wearing Apparel and
Leather Products 207,051 238,304 239,004 200,522 230,170 260,179 278,120 298,207 373,463 378,476
Wood and Wood Products 1,385 2,511 2,677 2,675 4,092 3,678 2,268 4,926 6,031 7,210
Paper, Paper Products, Printing &
Publishing 1,822 2,548 1,668 1,943 4,104 3,875 3,586 4,160 5,805 6,524
Chemicals, Petroleum, Coal,
Rubber and Plastic Products 33,282 42,364 55,850 64,608 80,647 80,953 52,383 74,065 110,426 122,128
Non-Metallic Mineral Products 9,126 14,125 15,236 14,761 15,917 16,195 9,679 13,123 19,379 22,136
Fabricated Metal, Machinery &
Transport Equipment 17,199 22,471 27,726 24,455 18,094 18,493 13,385 17,482 17,871 18,063
Manufactured Products
(Not Elsewhere Specified) 21,766 23,128 23,259 25,581 43,344 39,625 35,089 43,132 45,386 68,242
Services and Infrastructure 29,593 26,745 34,345 17,880 33,608 36,537 22,085 30,681 40,953 34,337
Total 336,605 390,340 433,644 391,930 481,440 497,671 454,617 519,725 657,253 702,485
(a) Revised Source : Board of Investment of Sri Lanka

(b) Provisional
n.a. Not available
61
Prices and Wages Table 7.1
Consumer Price Indices 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Colombo Consumers
Price Index (2002=100) (a)
All Items (Average) 105.8 115.3 128.0 140.8 163.1 199.9 206.8 219.1
Percentage Change 5.8 9.0 11.0 10.0 15.8 22.6 3.4 5.9
Sub Indices
Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages 102.6 111.9 124.7 135.8 163.4 213.3 219.2 234.2
Clothing and Footwear 106.8 112.1 117.9 127.7 140.7 154.8 165.3 176.6
Housing, Water, Electricity, 112.0 123.1 146.4 174.2 206.6 226.8 227.5 235.3
Gas and Other Fuels
Furnishing, H/H Equipment and Routine 104.7 109.5 117.6 124.7 134.4 154.1 168.0 176.4
Household Maintenance
Health 107.1 107.1 108.0 113.1 115.5 163.2 194.8 227.8
Transport 106.7 125.4 141.2 156.7 178.1 240.3 238.8 240.7
Communication 107.8 121.6 121.4 120.5 119.8 100.0 107.0 109.4
Recreation and Culture 101.7 107.0 113.1 113.6 119.5 128.3 161.8 168.7
Education 107.9 114.1 119.7 126.3 133.7 141.0 152.0 171.3
Miscellaneous Goods and Services 111.6 119.3 124.5 131.3 140.5 156.3 168.5 180.7

Colombo Consumers
Price Index (2006/07=100) (b)
All Items (Average) 129.2 133.6 141.9 151.5
162.9
Percentage Change 3.5 6.2 6.7 7.6
Sub Indices
Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages 144.0 148.5 158.8 172.7
180.9
Clothing and Footwear 112.5 122.0 130.2 147.6
162.1
Housing, Water, Electricity, 114.0 115.1 119.2 124.4
136.4
Gas and Other Fuels
Furnishing, H/H Equipment and Routine 113.0 122.5 128.0 133.8
142.7
Household Maintenance
Health 150.4 184.7 233.9 240.3
247.5
Transport 141.7 138.4 139.7 149.6
181.9
Communication 82.6 88.2 90.3 90.3 90.3
Recreation and Culture 116.1 122.7 131.8 139.0
144.6
Education 110.3 120.7 135.9 140.6
141.2
Miscellaneous Goods and Services 113.3 122.4 126.3 131.1
136.5
(a) Discontinued from June 2011. Sources : Dept.of Census and Statistics
(b) The rebased CCPI (2006/07=100) has replaced CCPI (2002=100) from June 2011. Central Bank of Sri Lanka
Table 7.2
Wholesale Price Index 2003 2012 1974=100
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
All Items (Average) 1,679.1 1,889.0 2,105.9 2,351.5 2,924.4 3,653.6 3,500.9 3,893.0 4,306.5 4,457.3
Percentage Change 3.1 12.5 11.5 11.7 24.4 24.9 - 4.2 11.2 10.6 3.5

Commodity-wise Sub Indices
Food 1,493.0 1,674.3 1,844.2 1,937.3 2,547.4 3,263.1 3,281.8 3,612.4 3,985.2 3,958.9
Alcoholic Drinks 1,955.5 2,171.9 2,462.6 2,733.5 3,053.3 3,629.4 4,151.8 4,577.0 5,109.3 6,026.9
Textile & Footwear 645.9 654.1 667.4 678.3 696.8 768.0 800.7 781.5 934.8 976.0
Paper Products 1,109.6 1,022.8 1,077.7 1,085.3 1,086.2 1,101.3 1,106.9 1,126.6 1,156.9 1,225.5
Chemicals & Chemical Products 1,136.8 1,221.4 1,392.9 1,309.8 1,436.8 2,093.9 2,167.1 1,872.1 1,681.6 1,674.7
Petroleum Products 2,608.0 2,987.2 3,684.8 4,685.6 5,929.1 7,797.7 6,023.6 6,161.6 6,946.6 9,751.5
Non-Metallic Products 3,344.1 3,869.3 5,608.7 7,537.1 7,801.4 8,200.5 8,387.4 8,443.9 8,716.8 10,204.8
Metal Products 922.0 971.8 972.5 984.0 1,118.8 1,405.6 1,298.5 1,284.4 1,446.6 1,607.9
Transport Equipment 1,023.9 1,087.1 1,242.8 1,479.8 1,787.2 2,232.0 2,397.8 2,579.2 3,027.2 3,340.6
Electrical Appliances & Supplies 995.8 1,010.0 1,068.5 1,247.0 1,542.2 1,608.3 1,592.2 1,586.5 1,639.1 1,652.8
Machinery 847.3 869.8 896.6 941.9 1,006.2 1,105.1 1,225.8 1,281.0 1,338.7 1,451.5
Fuel & Light 3,441.7 3,483.5 3,525.2 3,525.2 3,525.2 4,001.5 5,226.2 5,315.1 5,390.1 5,412.8
Miscellaneous 3,869.4 4,735.3 4,831.3 6,412.6 7,477.2 8,454.2 6,392.0 9,698.2 11,492.0 9,976.5

Sector-wise Sub Indices
Domestic 1,426.2 1,572.8 1,689.4 1,874.2 2,134.3 2,612.6 2,703.6 2,785.2 2,938.1 3,078.3
Import 1,391.8 1,525.7 1,797.9 2,192.1 2,737.5 3,682.9 3,282.6 3,254.3 3,634.7 4,449.4
Export 2,591.1 3,033.8 3,407.9 3,610.0 4,914.3 5,942.6 5,545.0 7,138.0 8,173.2 7,545.9
Consumer 1,579.1 1,747.4 1,922.1 2,019.8 2,592.0 3,275.3 3,360.5 3,693.0 4,060.3 4,079.5
Intermediate 2,010.5 2,365.7 2,627.2 3,293.6 3,951.5 4,942.5 3,865.9 4,548.7 5,179.8 5,698.1
Investment 1,854.1 2,099.9 2,855.6 3,701.2 3,867.8 4,139.8 4,238.2 4,276.9 4,452.6 5,171.2
Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka

62
Colombo Consumers Price Index 1958 2007
1952=100
Year All Items Change Food Clothing Fuel & light Rent Miscellaneous
(%)
1958 105.0 2.1 105.8 87.5 101.0 101.5 113.1
1959 105.2 0.2 104.7 92.1 102.4 101.5 115.3
1960 103.5 -1.6 100.8 95.1 102.7 101.5 117.5
1961 104.8 1.3 99.8 103.9 104.4 101.5 122.8
1962 106.3 1.4 100.9 108.2 105.6 101.5 124.9
1963 108.8 2.4 103.0 118.2 103.0 101.5 126.6
1964 112.2 3.1 106.4 127.2 103.2 101.5 129.3
1965 112.5 0.3 107.3 126.7 100.7 101.5 128.3
1966 112.3 -0.2 109.1 117.3 95.7 101.5 127.3
1967 114.8 2.2 112.7 116.7 96.4 101.5 128.9
1968 121.5 5.8 121.2 120.1 103.2 101.5 133.6
1969 130.5 7.4 127.9 130.8 124.9 108.4 147.1
1970 138.2 5.9 136.6 137.3 136.1 109.8 153.2
1971 141.9 2.7 139.1 145.0 140.8 109.8 169.5
1972 150.9 6.3 147.5 163.5 145.9 109.8 169.5
1973 165.4 9.6 166.2 186.1 164.4 109.8 169.8
1974 185.8 12.3 189.7 204.6 220.9 109.8 178.3
1975 198.3 6.7 204.3 208.2 238.0 109.8 191.9
1976 200.7 1.2 202.1 211.7 265.2 109.8 203.8
1977 203.2 1.2 203.3 223.8 257.5 109.8 208.4
1978 227.8 12.1 237.5 226.2 262.1 109.8 224.8
1979 252.3 10.8 263.3 231.2 327.5 109.8 252.4
1980 318.2 26.1 339.7 239.9 563.9 109.8 293.8
1981 375.4 18.0 399.6 257.8 767.9 109.8 345.7
1982 416.1 10.8 450.4 273.8 816.4 109.8 377.1
1983 474.2 14.0 506.3 291.1 1,087.6 109.8 433.7
1984 553.1 16.6 598.0 308.5 1,282.7 109.8 496.9
1985 561.2 1.5 598.4 324.2 1,332.1 109.8 524.4
1986 606.0 8.0 641.4 374.5 1,347.6 109.8 599.7
1987 652.8 7.7 697.0 400.9 1,358.7 109.8 650.7
1988 744.1 14.0 802.0 419.8 1,535.1 109.8 742.6
1989 830.2 11.6 884.6 490.0 1,718.9 109.8 860.1
1990 1,008.6 21.5 1,090.0 610.2 1,934.2 109.8 1,021.0
1991 1,131.5 12.2 1,220.3 678.4 2,252.2 109.8 1,146.0
1992 1,260.4 11.4 1,366.0 723.6 2,334.3 109.8 1,318.7
1993 1,408.4 11.7 1,519.4 782.7 2,730.0 109.8 1,490.4
1994 1,527.4 8.4 1,654.1 795.7 3,131.6 109.8 1,578.7
1995 1,644.6 7.7 1,768.1 803.9 3,322.4 109.8 1,800.6
1996 1,906.7 15.9 2,107.6 821.8 3,591.6 109.8 1,994.7
1997 2,089.1 9.6 2,336.9 844.0 3,752.8 109.8 2,157.8
1998 2,284.9 9.4 2,592.1 852.3 3,872.8 109.8 2,319.9
1999 2,392.1 4.7 2,695.4 863.3 3,929.7 109.8 2,558.1
2000 2,539.8 6.2 2,815.8 872.9 4,660.9 109.8 2,802.4
2001 2,899.4 14.2 3,244.7 909.6 5,328.9 109.8 3,131.1
2002 3,176.4 9.6 3,589.9 950.5 5,795.8 109.8 3,327.9
2003 3,377.0 6.3 3,798.4 974.4 6,674.6 109.8 3,497.5
2004 3,632.8 7.6 4,096.2 984.0 7,315.3 109.8 3,726.4
2005 4,055.5 11.6 4,590.6 1,026.7 8,303.0 109.8 4,098.4
2006 4,610.8 13.7 5,198.7 1,067.2 10,641.8 109.8 4,482.7
2007 5,416.1 17.5 6,143.3 1,115.7 13,338.6 109.8 4,978.3
Note : This series discontinued from May 2008. Source : Department of Census and Statistics
63
Average Retail Prices of Selected Consumer Items 2003 2012 Rupees
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Rice, kg.
Samba (Highest) 35.07 40.93 41.80 41.15 50.98 76.19 74.97 75.56 71.82 70.33
Par Boiled (Highest) 27.70 34.28 31.80 31.48 44.45 64.64 63.24 61.37 60.51 60.09
Kekulu (Highest) 28.02 35.41 32.85 31.19 44.56 64.21 61.65 59.41 55.33 56.63
Up Country Vegetables, kg
Beans 56.62 57.18 69.36 75.99 83.51 102.53 90.45 114.91 144.69 125.45
Carrot 55.81 59.98 67.77 73.43 79.96 91.55 90.61 108.24 124.06 121.12
Beet Root 49.73 47.26 52.00 62.44 62.62 87.79 81.79 94.92 103.25 101.88
Cabbage 39.49 41.18 46.61 52.13 54.41 65.52 61.57 76.12 85.24 80.99
Leeks 47.31 47.88 64.00 65.14 71.48 78.71 79.65 101.09 96.23 110.93
Low Country Vegetables, kg
Pumpkin 24.34 24.57 27.86 32.55 37.93 45.14 48.03 52.45 59.84 64.30
Brinjals 34.63 36.53 42.10 47.67 52.12 62.99 54.42 65.32 82.20 76.17
Capsicum 62.41 60.75 71.26 79.96 91.15 127.49 115.61 142.38 164.17 145.18
Limes 58.55 56.45 76.34 73.79 86.60 102.60 102.10 131.70 172.20 198.53
Leafy Vegetables
Spinach (Nivithi) (1kg) 25.26 25.70 29.23 32.70 38.00 45.11 46.17 48.52 52.80 55.05
Mukunuwenna (1 bundle) 6.73 6.59 7.62 8.72 11.26 13.81 15.16 16.00 18.14 19.35
Kan-kun (1 bundle) 6.32 6.21 7.06 8.14 10.51 12.92 14.10 14.67 16.79 17.94
Gotukola (1 bundle) 7.89 7.11 7.89 8.93 11.24 13.43 14.60 15.43 17.87 18.39
Katuru Murunga (1 bundle) 7.60 7.14 7.94 8.92 11.33 13.87 14.89 15.10 17.00 18.08
Yams, kg
Potatoes 62.72 65.98 71.70 72.09 78.52 80.15 89.81 96.12 108.12 110.60
Manioc 14.66 16.04 20.76 22.70 28.10 35.81 35.71 37.25 47.21 49.85
Sweet Potatoes 23.40 24.45 28.84 31.06 38.14 44.24 46.63 51.08 58.34 59.68
Meat and Eggs, kg
Beef (without bones) 158.21 173.18 209.68 242.88 292.37 330.67 365.14 395.96 415.97 441.15
Mutton (with bones) 310.36 320.16 381.61 429.25 532.93 623.07 694.21 737.39 780.93 897.75
Pork 164.10 175.04 215.57 260.73 233.14 309.87 250.00
Chicken (Ordinary) 159.77 177.68 220.24 228.56 286.35 302.99 332.38 398.70 383.09 389.88
Eggs (Farm) 5.23 5.54 7.26 7.06 9.31 10.05 10.08 14.45 13.00 11.81
Sea Fish, kg
Seer Thora 346.86 356.86 387.58 456.58 582.36 678.75 722.10 728.45 834.87 926.20
Trevally Paraw 243.12 257.63 282.38 328.99 426.79 484.64 520.41 541.10 590.58 642.99
Skip Jack Balaya 178.00 188.45 211.80 239.27 320.21 367.34 407.04 426.47 459.32 492.82
Tuna Kelawalla 222.68 238.25 264.75 308.14 407.10 473.67 519.24 548.30 595.06 650.00
Shark Mora 175.18 187.52 214.88 254.27 334.63 371.95 408.60 434.21 479.71 519.06
Sardine Salaya 75.34 76.94 86.97 101.37 129.45 144.34 150.34 156.62 161.25 170.06
Dried Fish, kg
Seer Thora 328.48 357.76 400.28 455.64 568.63 666.60 738.95 772.39 839.36 982.49
Shark Mora 227.22 248.72 279.62 333.95 416.85 487.41 543.70 594.39 656.48 753.77
Skip Jack Balaya 182.69 198.56 229.58 250.56 337.13 407.84 451.81 486.28 543.61 623.65
Queen Fish Kattawa 288.19 308.68 360.30 420.67 521.76 611.22 688.23 704.76 767.34 862.98
Sprats 158.71 171.38 220.02 216.83 239.08 309.84 330.62 316.24 325.07 388.08
Canned and Preserved Fish, (425g)
Tinned Fish (Delmege) 68.30 71.86 88.27 105.76 114.01 160.51 199.14 193.94 220.42 233.49
Tinned Fish (Captain) 67.45 71.16 86.36 106.86 115.16 160.51 199.14 196.50 232.88 229.66
Tinned Fish (CWE) 63.78 67.51 81.02 103.20 111.65 154.12 198.16 172.62 198.71 197.51
Pulses, kg
Green Gram 66.89 73.55 84.61 109.09 125.55 134.00 132.86 205.81 198.10 224.37
Dhal Mysore 58.57 69.49 76.51 75.49 103.80 189.99 133.85 164.28 149.25 142.57
Dhal Local (Yellow) 61.24 66.98 69.53 70.34 91.80 130.43 124.86 112.54 141.23 143.08
Barley 93.37 99.30 109.08 121.29 132.44
Cowpea (Best) 56.28 60.97 71.34 90.22 117.18 124.22 130.38 171.47 203.80 220.78
Kurakkan Seeds 38.26 40.49 43.50 46.45 74.06
Ulundu Seeds 72.52 71.49 82.86 115.31 136.79
Condiments, kg
Dried Chillies 157.44 148.47 131.42 177.63 203.29 214.57 214.79 202.22 275.01 431.48
Pepper 223.78 225.33 217.01 236.38 415.23 492.40 482.40 498.00 781.70 1237.63
Tamarind 62.02 64.52 79.35 91.43 105.50 119.40 113.80 136.20 242.80 219.35
Coriander 92.44 101.65 102.78 107.62 178.63 313.50 297.70 294.10 282.80 268.42
Turmeric (Dried) 133.10 149.47 157.46 168.42 219.24 285.70 342.20 763.10 824.00 672.52
Garlic 58.56 71.88 92.97 138.46 138.86 100.60 109.60 286.30 226.00 216.59
Washed Salt (1 Pkt) 13.04 13.11 15.07 17.77 22.16 32.89 34.49 33.22 32.72 32.57
Chillie Powder (100g) 20.43 20.58 20.08 23.17 30.08 32.14 33.41 35.18 40.49 40.06
Raw Ginger 167.66 182.60 163.05 172.83 256.68 265.60 293.90 311.00 290.20 288.32
Spices, kg
Red Onion 52.41 54.81 62.24 66.37 81.78 99.37 101.85 99.81 142.25 108.13
Cummin Seed 256.99 245.98 265.37 274.82 342.57 478.20 473.90 521.00 562.30 593.62
Fennel Seed 135.12 134.34 140.06 156.84 240.46 292.30 291.90 310.60 361.70 383.33
Mathe Seed 90.68 94.06 101.03 110.47 159.37 197.90 213.40 230.80 232.20 255.90
Cinnamon Quills 448.44 468.30 332.91 315.96 693.36 863.20 906.60 972.70 1,151.10 310.22
Coconut
Coconut (Medium), each 12.86 12.75 16.65 15.65 21.83 28.68 22.03 30.48 36.41 29.61
Coconut Oil, 750 ml 60.28 68.90 77.16 83.44 133.41 185.70 139.50 173.44 211.75 174.18
( Contd,)
64
Prices and Wages Table 7.4 (Contd.)
Average Retail Prices of Selected Consumer Items 2003 2012 Rupees
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Fruits, each
Pineapple (Murusi) (1 kg) 43.61 45.43 46.47 51.80 74.82 85.35 87.56 106.51 112.25 114.37
Banana Kolikuttu (b) 6.49 6.67 7.01 7.62 88.94 95.93 101.41 128.36 129.08 129.74
Banana Ambul (b) 2.43 2.39 2.45 2.60 43.38 45.56 46.25 56.41 55.33 57.73
Papow (1 kg) 31.53 32.37 35.30 37.96 43.05 42.21 51.80 51.41 58.46 61.51
Milk Foods and Beverages
Fresh Milk (Dairy), 750 ml 23.81 25.48 27.95 31.43 39.09 49.90 52.77 54.44 59.14 65.36
Tea (BOP) (1 kg) 223.79 249.14 277.87 306.90 461.25 592.50 648.20 729.90 789.00 822.45
Coffee Powder (1 kg) 332.45 338.25 351.76 389.83 678.42 982.50 1,033.10 1,113.60 1,113.00 1,138.66
Lakspray (500g) 120.85 132.55 145.58 155.77 179.35 268.61 243.39 227.43 249.71 289.11
Anchor (400g) 128.49 137.24 156.26 160.55 189.32 274.15 258.60 234.46 256.46 300.37
Lactogen (half) (400g) 157.12 165.04 177.76 202.13 226.59 301.26 315.27 316.65 333.49 372.38
Lactogen (full) (400g) 157.33 162.03 163.01 179.68 210.03 274.72 275.21 278.54 299.48 343.60
Nespray (400g) 124.14 133.66 149.88 160.66 184.95 274.45 257.25 233.00 253.96 296.46
Milk Maid (397g) 72.11 74.72 82.08 94.46 107.26 122.16 128.66 133.18 145.14 173.71
Ice-Cream (Highland) 1 Litre 94.35 99.82 107.50 118.52 128.51 143.53 145.53 168.27 177.77 208.87
Tobacco and Tobacco Products, each
Chewing Tobacco Jaffna 22.43 24.08 25.69 31.41 54.19 52.70 55.25 55.55 56.15 58.44
Cigarettes Bristol 6.70 7.21 8.07 9.28 10.50 12.69 13.97 14.88 16.67 18.81
Clothing
Poplin Local, 1 metre 67.06 76.25 79.61 85.76
Sarongs, each 182.17 189.38 204.56 215.94 229.43 268.76 282.98 302.19 347.69 388.15
Sarees, each 397.51 413.81 453.17 497.51 505.36 762.35 820.10 875.31 983.65 1,059.61
Soap, tablet
Sunlight (each) 15.44 16.73 18.96 20.50 22.45 26.20 27.05 27.00 28.83 33.95
Sovereign Bar, Bar Soap (each) 63.51 65.00 74.87 80.82 99.80 162.88 186.82 180.59 184.05 194.58
Rexona / Lux (each) 19.11 19.84 20.62 21.53 22.07 29.80 32.00 32.22 33.61 36.78
Signal Toothpaste med. (65g) 31.23 32.56 33.22 35.68 38.89 31.14 34.09 35.36 36.43 39.09
Fuel and Light
Kerosene, 1 litre 25.04 26.52 29.85 42.50 59.85 73.29 51.19 51.38 59.65 103.73
Fire Wood, 50 kg 150.47 164.69 192.71 233.67 269.22 317.99 314.12 349.78 361.75 401.73
Safety Matches, Each 2.44 2.45 2.48 2.63 2.64 2.90 3.37 3.89 4.07 4.48
LP Gas (Cylinder 13 kg) 629.27 707.99 844.40 997.58 1,141.87 1,762.78 1,510.32 1,689.10 1,931.28 2,254.27
Batteries (Each)
Batteries (Laxapahana) 22.67 22.72 23.16 25.66 38.69 41.44 42.80 47.27 48.21 49.57
Batteries (Eveready) 22.95 23.75 25.84 29.10 41.42 43.49 45.80 50.54 50.50 51.78
Candles (each) 2.12 2.14 2.41 2.72 3.04 3.66 4.01 4.41 5.03 5.40
Bakery Products
Bread (loaf) 13.25 13.70 16.08 19.06 29.64 37.40 37.44 40.16 48.80 55.17
Cereal Preparations (bought from outside)

Hopper (each) 3.63 3.94 4.48 5.12 6.13 8.41 9.05 9.47 10.36 11.07
String Hopper (each) 1.18 1.30 1.38 1.53 2.07 2.28 2.35 2.60 2.85 3.02
Other Cereal Preparation
Wheat Flour (1 kg) 25.21 25.89 28.99 34.22 55.36 73.70 71.40 69.75 83.56 91.07
Kurakkan Flour (400g) 31.04 31.88 33.63 34.83 27.69 60.00 62.04 88.53
Rice Flour (400g) 21.36 23.89 25.19 28.19 29.97 39.39 39.39 45.96 45.47 47.61
Fats & Oil
Soya Oil (Turkey) (1 Ltr) 183.65 185.38 196.41 208.42 292.04 443.57 491.82 515.21 524.95 569.75
Margarine (Astra) (250g) 58.79 61.84 64.21 69.66 80.23 103.01 118.54 121.35 134.41 149.70
Butter (Anchor) 97.02 103.76 127.32 129.73 142.82 217.55 248.57 259.61 300.83 313.20
Butter (Milco) 72.76 79.38 93.90 106.85 111.00 144.55 152.09 162.30 195.10 242.51
Sugar, Jaggery & Treacle
Sugar (White) (1 kg) 34.27 37.55 41.93 60.20 54.30 63.19 78.61 93.79 97.37 100.63
Jaggery Sugarcane (1 kg) 59.53 65.54 70.01 83.31 165.75
Jaggery Kitul (1 kg) 165.46 176.40 181.27 208.33 273.21
Jaggery Coconut (1 kg) 81.55 88.43 89.97 106.52
Preserved Food
Papadam (1 Pkt) 11.20 11.23 11.77 13.48 17.56 21.45 22.75 26.73 32.02 35.83
Jam (Woodapple) MD (485g) 92.73 93.09 100.97 111.58 127.19 149.26 164.74 187.60 197.69 220.68
Jam (Woodapple) Kist (454g) 85.27 84.34 94.71 101.76 121.16 152.45 175.98 178.20 187.77 213.80
Marmite (115g) 116.55 120.71 130.18 135.59 150.60 179.45 200.44 203.77 212.92 237.51
Dates (kg) 51.59 56.53 73.35 91.58 128.13 160.65 192.47 206.04 215.12 223.98
Soya Meat (Delmege) (90g) 25.30 27.52 30.98 32.93 35.99 40.18 44.15 45.67 46.39 48.35
Non-Alcoholic Beverages
Orange Barley (400ml) 17.79 18.21 20.12 22.23 24.38 27.47 29.36 29.88 31.21 35.11
Fanta (300ml) 17.74 17.79 20.03 22.30 24.25 27.52 30.15 30.01 31.31 35.55
Cordial (Passion Fruit) (750ml) 149.24 150.59 164.08 181.16 200.72 241.96 274.58 304.97 325.39
Plain Tea (1 Cup) 4.28 4.78 5.36 6.23 7.30 9.61 10.23 10.73 11.13 11.85
(a) Provisional Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka

(b) Unit of these items was changed from fruit each to kg. in 2007.
65
Average Retail Prices of Selected Food Items by Provinces 2011 and 2012
Rs. per kg.
Item Western Central Southern Northern Eastern North North Uva Sabara- All
2011
Ash Plantains 84.26 78.10 74.54 54.53 76.67 78.08 70.75 72.20 70.73 74.88
Beans 149.55 129.77 160.76 136.47 143.43 155.14 147.17 134.38 133.73 144.69
Cabbage 91.71 72.35 93.68 88.26 83.37 88.55 86.51 72.36 81.98 85.24
Carrot 122.14 111.65 134.52 126.74 125.90 135.22 134.97 112.18 110.67 124.06
Pumpkin 62.97 58.28 66.92 54.53 54.46 57.78 56.22 61.80 59.36 59.84
Snake gourd 75.41 62.48 68.05 59.39 67.49 72.97 59.26 64.79 58.86 66.64
Brinjals 85.56 81.43 73.75 95.58 84.05 89.29 77.77 64.79 72.80 82.20
Tomatoes 113.61 94.20 102.69 101.27 98.93 110.95 96.89 94.28 96.21 102.35
Rice Samba 70.65 70.59 74.47 74.13 77.69 66.84 68.43 74.73 70.95 71.82
Rice Kekulu 59.69 58.42 52.76 60.80 59.18 59.14 56.99 54.69 57.13 57.67
Red Onions 153.46 136.98 145.76 125.46 140.36 136.41 130.29 157.65 142.13 142.25
Big Onions 78.34 76.28 74.54 85.36 81.23 77.33 73.11 76.62 78.55 77.58
Potatoes 111.37 108.21 109.70 87.93 100.95 109.26 106.28 112.95 110.12 108.12
Dried Chillies 274.66 281.49 277.49 266.48 257.76 277.84 278.21 277.21 278.81 275.01
Dhal (a) 148.20 148.87 146.48 148.98 157.78 148.45 146.56 150.93 150.83 149.25
Eggs (Each) 12.29 12.69 13.08 14.55 14.32 12.37 12.78 13.80 12.31 13.00
Coconut 38.55 36.64 38.19 35.34 38.73 33.94 33.69 34.31 34.62 36.41
Kelawalla 650.83 597.60 588.98 311.25 422.63 590.74 579.96 620.18 564.82 595.06
Balaya 494.30 460.45 470.68 344.25 397.94 458.91 409.53 474.56 459.05 459.32
Salaya 166.93 164.10 165.35 136.96 165.67 156.12 143.33 195.51 158.16 161.25

2012
Ash Plantains 75.17 72.16 62.31 53.81 75.28 71.41 63.90 64.65 63.29 67.87
Beans 128.05 110.83 135.13 130.04 126.71 133.72 130.48 115.14 112.52 125.45
Cabbage 86.14 69.63 88.75 82.79 80.75 86.43 79.67 68.40 78.05 80.99
Carrot 121.89 113.04 128.95 121.65 125.77 125.63 130.58 111.50 105.36 121.12
Pumpkin 68.44 63.70 72.35 53.43 60.56 64.09 57.81 66.38 62.45 64.30
Snake gourd 75.66 65.80 70.14 61.48 70.48 70.55 59.70 65.50 57.77 67.70
Brinjals 80.99 74.78 72.68 88.03 78.42 76.26 68.05 75.15 67.87 76.17
Tomatoes 108.16 89.61 100.75 101.56 99.40 101.98 90.57 84.89 88.16 97.61
Rice Samba 69.61 70.24 71.43 72.04 72.36 67.83 68.15 72.77 70.07 70.33
Rice Kekulu 58.93 58.16 51.33 58.73 57.50 58.20 55.50 53.62 56.91 56.63
Red Onions 113.63 106.15 104.12 89.53 109.40 105.32 102.74 113.81 125.96 108.13
Big Onions 82.44 76.57 75.37 84.01 83.02 80.25 73.39 76.10 80.19 79.19
Potatoes 114.82 109.25 110.28 94.58 108.59 112.77 108.01 112.88 110.42 110.60
Dried Chillies 223.83 244.39 219.03 219.92 240.67 228.43 229.29 259.07 233.26 231.48
Dhal (a) 141.72 143.94 138.70 94.58 145.20 142.46 142.18 144.27 143.45 142.57
Eggs (Each) 11.33 11.74 11.96 12.85 12.73 11.25 11.51 12.60 11.13 11.81
Coconut 31.76 30.97 31.62 26.05 29.43 27.75 28.05 27.40 28.97 29.61
Kelawalla 733.33 638.29 621.60 628.75 450.22 659.23 633.98 660.82 619.46 650.00
Balaya 532.52 488.35 500.25 468.33 404.75 503.72 431.59 496.66 525.91 492.82
Salaya 181.34 169.75 167.75 158.44 156.21 163.93 147.85 208.08 172.22 170.06
(a) Yellow Imported Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka
66
Average Producer Prices of Selected Items 2003 2012
Rupees
Commodity 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Paddy, kg 12.05 15.98 14.36 13.35 18.57 32.99 34.37 31.55 31.09 31.37
Up-Country Vegetables, kg
Beans 31.47 36.23 43.77 46.18 48.71 59.41 58.79 69.67 98.28 72.98
Carrot 30.28 36.11 42.56 44.24 48.94 52.70 55.63 65.42 67.60 68.95
Beet Root 25.28 26.58 30.78 36.42 36.80 50.03 50.49 58.43 60.07 58.09
Low-Country Vegetables, kg
Pumpkin (Red) 11.36 12.11 14.22 16.40 18.56 21.72 24.92 27.30 31.28 33.26
Brinjals 17.75 21.00 24.72 28.08 29.54 38.65 36.58 37.61 47.14 43.72
Curry Chillies 37.24 38.79 46.49 51.52 57.86 77.01 78.21 95.01 105.10 90.23
Lime 23.72 25.30 34.71 33.17 39.64 47.83 63.86 59.24 79.48 95.20
Yams, kg
Potatoes 47.28 50.09 56.36 52.50 55.56 50.60 67.48 67.56 79.02 76.52
Manioc 8.51 9.56 13.08 13.17 15.46 20.45 22.27 21.53 27.64 28.11
Sweet Potatoes 13.70 14.77 18.78 18.10 21.24 24.57 26.16 29.19 34.02 35.07
Eggs, each 4.44 4.78 6.55 6.76 8.65 9.61 10.62 13.63 13.37 12.57
Sea Fish, kg
Seer Thora 234.03 240.67 255.34 290.33 360.86 420.19 439.74 449.98 545.93 576.01
Trevally Paraw 148.80 160.09 175.04 209.98 283.82 317.87 323.31 351.59 397.06 434.63
Skip Jack Balaya 116.38 124.15 134.77 146.86 199.48 234.67 258.54 268.19 280.32 307.59
Tuna Kelawalla 146.72 157.88 173.65 185.95 252.55 283.23 302.32 325.60 349.66 412.90
Shark Mora 124.52 141.40 163.67 157.02 235.81 246.83 258.88 269.75 316.23 368.11
Sardine Salaya 39.32 42.77 49.92 49.59 62.38 69.53 73.90 78.84 86.18 95.06
Dried Fish, kg
Seer Thora 288.08 277.29 278.93 297.24 438.20 553.47 551.67 518.86 620.08 656.36
Shark Mora 163.67 174.00 202.30 205.00 267.93 317.74 355.98 367.29 484.82 546.90
Skip Jack Balaya 143.67 160.80 179.07 194.52 247.98 308.58 342.88 358.86 434.15 521.88
Queen Fish Kattawa 219.03 235.90 271.76 309.50 418.40 488.86 493.33 514.05 610.16 676.04
Sprats 115.45 130.65 182.42 181.95 189.33 249.15 261.90 244.17 264.78 310.92
Pulses, kg
Green Gram 41.85 49.45 57.03 66.15 80.71 96.53 106.06 154.68 157.88 169.99
Cowpea MI 35 (White) 35.40 41.40 46.97 54.34 74.97 85.41 99.15 121.26 145.81 156.31
Sorghum 50.00 49.63 48.81 53.62 77.18 50.61 64.08 66.90 73.67 85.76
Curry Stuff, kg
Dried Chillies 121.31 120.13 105.13 140.27 163.29 178.81 183.97 171.48 216.89 180.49
Pepper 154.55 160.11 136.80 163.43 277.79 322.56 305.33 329.44 607.81 848.93
Turmeric (Dried) 98.40 94.83 129.70 116.89 123.59 120.30 136.70 299.72 344.56 249.10
Spices, kg
Red Onion 33.67 33.82 40.48 38.30 43.08 58.62 60.74 64.11 87.97 64.14
Cloves 308.87 374.17 360.23 452.87 448.47 465.79 457.26 504.23 1,203.42 1,184.32
Cardamom
1,730.91 1,363.10 1,155.56 1,000.00 993.24 1,342.59 1,753.85 3,038.98 2,706.62 1,697.18
Cinnamon Quills 324.00 339.49 334.42 357.46 530.73 614.20 581.41 666.73 824.66 954.16
Coconut
Coconut, each 9.75 9.97 12.60 11.81 17.13 22.99 18.43 23.82 28.73 22.79
Copra, 250 kg
9,748.82 10,334.14 12,961.35 12,440.96 17,047.97 23,201.22 19,835.54 26,472.00 31,555.86 26,215.38
Coconut Charcoal, 50 kg 646.33 685.46 887.73 896.64 945.38 1,090.41 1,222.62 1,386.10 1,887.85 1,915.84
Fruits, 50 kg
Pineapple
1,195.93 1,288.60 1,367.11 1,357.56 1,963.67 2,118.27 2,164.39 2,681.14 2,989.39 3,031.14
Banana Kolikuttu
1,585.34 1,581.63 1,734.70 1,863.72 2,455.83 2,745.85 3,152.49 3,627.08 3,751.90 3,750.80
Banana Ambul 836.14 844.09 895.11 974.08 1,218.01 1,202.64 1,408.59 1,550.12 1,485.01 1,535.76
Betel and Arecanut, 1,000
Betel 247.30 334.68 371.80 430.90 696.94 717.16 723.89 810.30 951.81 838.08
Arecanut (Seasoned) 698.54 694.85 982.97 1,012.39 1,489.44 1,134.53 1,016.98 1,320.27 1,606.06 1,301.06
Jaggery and Treacle
Coconut Jaggery, kg 66.57 69.75 71.11 80.96 110.90 145.71 150.51 144.46 188.04 203.40
Sugar Cane Jaggery, kg 28.68 28.50 39.92 46.26 51.82 63.28 64.45 90.42 77.05 85.45
Coconut Treacle, 750 ml 69.40 75.19 87.22 89.95 110.78 142.73 177.12 201.09 201.06 254.58
Sugar Cane Treacle, 750 ml 21.03 23.18 26.27 28.00 26.20 41.75 50.45 61.64 65.64 69.55
Coffee Seed, kg 56.28 58.99 67.05 84.82 168.77 225.33 212.03 218.22 237.16 248.55
Cocoa, kg 63.04 63.08 72.19 78.30 87.92 133.87 185.22 258.23 317.33 283.59
Tea Leaves, kg 21.64 25.11 28.85 27.09 58.22 95.72 80.90 55.23 54.40 55.47
Building Materials
Bricks, 1,000
1,994.66 2,296.94 2,998.79 3,461.96 4,183.31 4,921.60 5,319.82 5,693.01 6,504.33 10,317.25
Sand, cube 944.87 1,282.34 1,937.87 2,475.37 3,168.31 3,632.82 3,681.88 3,630.87 4,271.69 4,714.20
Metal 3/4, cube
2,838.70 2,978.94 3,472.48 3,899.65 4,575.26 4,932.82 5,248.48 5,195.31 5,541.74 6,243.18
67
Average Producer Prices of Selected Food Items by Provinces 2011 and 2012
Rs. per kg.

2011

Ash Plantains 40.74 50.20 41.77 31.44 40.59 39.60 39.38 38.16 36.51 39.38
Pumpkins 28.00 33.39 40.95 32.09 29.18 29.47 26.95 31.36 32.57 31.28
Snake gourd 40.44 37.34 36.24 33.83 35.71 37.13 29.75 32.22 32.72 34.67
Brinjals 48.68 55.32 40.11 62.04 46.89 45.16 37.90 46.44 43.15 47.14
Beans 97.32 155.00 80.00 115.00 96.79 120.00 98.28
Cabbages 38.00 41.63 50.00 40.24 37.38 40.02 55.42 42.12
Carrot 72.24 67.69 46.25 61.93 71.67 67.60
Tomatoes 64.00 55.17 79.00 57.40 48.33 60.48 46.37 57.45 75.00 57.33
Dried Chillies 260.00 202.50 227.76 194.75 219.00 198.24 237.50 247.39 216.89
Potatoes 83.45 64.58 80.00 78.33 76.74 70.00 79.02
Red Onions 90.00 80.81 90.00 87.35 75.97 81.04 93.33 129.55 87.97
Big Onions 69.00 93.13 85.00 47.57 45.41 80.53
Eggs (100 Nos) 1,464.19 1,371.20 1,432.26 1,265.25 1,312.14 1,244.43 1,152.33 1,444.07 1,295.83 1,336.93
Paraw 506.71 410.81 340.76 371.36 354.00 397.06
Balaya 304.18 265.48 325.00 277.45 273.03 280.32
Kelawalla 370.35 368.37 325.00 265.19 372.46 349.66
Salaya 83.26 95.37 74.06 93.36 88.43 86.18

2012
Ash Plantains 39.53 42.97 30.67 32.22 33.81 36.14 33.77 33.30 33.89 34.81
Pumpkins 46.00 34.88 47.24 31.40 28.43 30.96 29.77 33.65 37.44 33.26
Snake gourd 43.02 38.20 39.33 33.43 38.18 35.97 30.02 30.74 36.35 35.62
Brinjals 49.30 43.57 41.36 61.55 43.37 40.43 35.98 41.35 38.76 43.72
Beans 130.00 73.09 72.00 60.56 71.36 85.00 72.98
Cabbages 65.00 39.21 33.14 34.17 37.98 54.35 38.95
Carrot 120.00 71.42 84.00 67.17 63.63 68.86 68.95
Tomatoes 50.00 52.09 32.00 59.83 41.11 50.32 40.02 47.15 71.30 50.40
Dried Chillies 150.00 161.50 189.07 200.32 166.16 169.83 180.00 194.78 180.49
Potatoes 77.29 66.00 74.44 77.77 76.52
Red Onions 66.03 60.00 59.28 66.33 56.07 80.00 70.00 95.00 64.14
Big Onions 60.00 54.92 63.68 68.75 46.25 44.58 80.00 57.49
Eggs (100 Nos) 1,491.67 1,317.02 1,401.82 1,115.58 1,277.50 1,146.94 1,002.33 1,396.15 1,164.06 1,256.57
Paraw 548.31 441.21 401.03 397.27 364.18 434.63
Balaya 327.00 308.59 313.98 273.92 307.59
Kelawalla 503.83 429.68 470.00 297.30 388.97 412.90
Salaya 89.75 104.29 90.63 96.32 100.78 95.06
68
Retail Prices of Selected Food Items in Selected Districts 2011
Rs. per kg.
Item District Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Ave.
Samba Rice Colombo 73.49 74.04 71.53 71.56 72.43 72.57 71.37 71.22 70.03 70.49 70.26 71.76 71.69
Kandy 70.00 71.30 69.73 69.48 70.34 70.30 68.74 66.55 66.03 66.52 68.50 70.24 68.99
Matara 80.25 87.81 87.50 86.25 83.59 80.89 72.88 72.94 73.19 73.10 74.53 72.50 78.64
Anuradhapura 72.27 75.25 75.45 66.16 67.57 67.30 66.65 66.15 63.32 64.75 67.10 69.50 68.30

Kekulu Rice Colombo 59.90 62.56 60.87 61.99 61.04 61.78 59.94 57.81 56.96 57.23 59.66 60.80 59.95
Kandy 59.00 61.80 60.75 60.62 60.68 60.98 59.50 58.38 55.28 55.98 57.71 60.20 59.23
Matara 51.22 56.81 56.00 51.83 51.97 51.53 49.25 47.53 46.63 48.20 52.27 53.28 51.28
Anuradhapura 57.04 59.37 56.79 55.02 55.02 55.61 54.78 52.92 51.00 51.43 54.05 55.77 54.86

Beans Colombo 160.23 220.63 216.64 156.00 111.14 133.49 129.67 123.21 109.56 109.88 151.49 160.35 145.42
Kandy 158.85 211.26 185.00 101.90 92.37 131.48 126.90 128.16 106.88 93.85 146.97 143.60 134.51
Matara 167.81 231.67 232.67 153.95 134.06 138.00 129.75 132.94 126.56 122.75 157.67 185.59 157.44
Anuradhapura 170.36 220.75 208.25 128.93 108.80 131.96 125.69 133.59 122.83 109.64 143.86 156.96 144.02

Cabbage Colombo 96.53 114.17 127.00 112.86 100.50 80.28 70.33 60.57 57.57 63.26 75.00 105.83 87.27
Kandy 85.90 108.63 115.50 87.50 77.89 71.83 57.40 49.55 40.95 44.81 64.71 93.33 74.86
Matara 108.13 115.94 123.27 110.95 101.25 88.93 74.45 70.29 67.00 68.30 85.67 118.06 93.73
Anuradhapura 100.50 132.83 130.11 97.14 87.07 74.78 62.00 51.67 48.04 47.14 75.05 104.14 83.27

Brinjals Colombo 107.50 129.20 115.58 84.32 82.07 70.56 58.00 64.86 63.75 56.25 80.19 83.21 81.15
Kandy 114.32 160.79 116.75 84.17 77.13 63.38 50.23 56.84 58.89 53.25 75.97 75.70 81.42
Matara 105.71 145.31 108.44 92.22 77.67 64.29 52.75 55.59 57.50 50.65 69.33 80.56 78.83
Anuradhapura 133.10 171.30 105.91 67.50 71.85 55.68 42.40 47.76 57.93 49.64 74.66 66.81 76.67

Pumpkins Colombo 53.38 67.81 80.09 65.59 53.90 48.26 45.46 44.79 50.83 59.62 70.00 77.38 59.11
Kandy 50.40 68.11 79.00 61.10 45.95 44.90 38.18 43.98 57.75 61.52 69.00 77.17 57.91
Matara 63.44 79.33 87.66 76.18 65.00 60.67 59.72 55.59 61.88 64.25 71.67 85.00 69.12
Anuradhapura 51.31 73.26 77.50 62.04 43.07 39.37 35.22 35.48 43.26 58.43 76.36 78.28 56.06

Red Onion Colombo 326.97 318.29 124.07 133.68 147.08 150.07 124.77 94.10 104.49 108.50 119.19 120.23 149.60
Kandy 226.35 228.33 124.63 132.50 144.47 146.00 135.50 90.13 97.55 111.25 122.50 125.50 132.95
Matara 343.75 425.00 116.15 143.13 149.58 151.25 129.67 88.00 91.08 107.60 131.82 127.31 144.17
Anuradhapura 213.33 212.25 119.05 139.91 146.67 143.50 122.04 78.75 101.02 110.79 119.71 119.31 126.93

Big Onion Colombo 126.98 80.71 72.50 62.28 66.02 64.88 64.25 76.79 75.43 76.15 81.59 81.67 78.11
Kandy 152.50 80.00 62.50 60.13 86.05 71.28 71.94 81.61 83.53 77.71
Matara 72.50 56.67 60.00 52.50 57.50 76.25 73.13 76.35 82.20 77.78 72.61
Anuradhapura 70.00 63.25 71.25 75.42 80.45 68.55 67.50 77.88 77.73 77.71

Potatoes Colombo 98.31 81.39 89.30 109.05 107.23 111.08 119.65 117.15 117.46 103.18 113.68 117.68 108.92
Kandy 103.66 90.77 98.13 106.21 110.26 106.65 119.40 121.93 117.65 101.52 106.53 119.55 109.25
Matara 92.69 85.94 87.66 114.25 115.63 109.50 120.25 120.29 120.78 108.50 120.33 117.64 111.07
Anuradhapura 97.73 89.29 109.38 100.24 102.71 111.91 121.31 116.00 115.24 100.59 111.18 112.62 108.51

Dried Chillies Colombo 230.18 261.20 265.33 271.01 278.63 283.66 286.36 283.61 288.93 287.32 274.86 266.58 273.07
Kandy 233.96 261.45 276.38 272.80 283.42 291.50 292.60 290.38 290.13 283.33 286.32 279.60 278.08
Matara 231.41 250.16 256.72 268.13 271.56 280.50 289.50 284.71 290.00 290.25 291.33 276.11 273.87
Anuradhapura 238.15 268.15 277.16 278.89 284.67 295.98 294.40 290.31 288.15 290.00 287.09 278.57 281.31

Kelawalla Colombo 628.10 657.00 582.17 619.53 653.87 674.49 694.88 678.43 662.65 651.39 668.48 699.75 657.52
Kandy 562.19 560.19 570.19 574.72 571.17 583.82 576.74 565.29 587.92 602.73 612.00 622.62 584.13
Matara 610.83 601.25 565.00 615.63 670.45 687.73 694.67 680.91 673.33 597.50 610.38 664.23 637.89
Anuradhapura 571.82 538.21 540.33 522.00 635.00 644.23 597.86 626.56 625.83 595.82 617.19 675.29 599.11

Hurulla Colombo 296.22 305.00 269.81 291.50 294.17 313.38 329.02 313.83 306.67 305.63 286.21 307.79 302.75
Kandy 285.75 286.67 273.89 279.29 287.03 280.47 283.13 278.82 286.76 292.39 295.17 311.19 286.98
Matara 335.00 351.67 292.86 330.67 372.22 372.50 358.50 356.00 342.69 323.13 325.00 366.50 340.24
Anuradhapura 286.25 284.44 267.50 246.00 281.11 297.19 279.04 260.87 262.88 242.14 263.75 289.40 269.85

Eggs (each) Colombo 14.07 14.04 12.95 15.63 11.65 10.85 11.70 11.93 11.33 11.28 10.34 11.07 12.16
Kandy 15.04 14.70 14.20 13.82 12.61 11.40 11.65 11.94 11.15 11.38 10.39 10.60 12.41
Matara 15.53 15.03 15.16 15.34 13.56 12.30 13.65 13.72 13.25 12.53 12.23 11.65 13.65
Anuradhapura 15.03 15.05 14.82 14.56 12.57 12.12 12.55 12.90 12.21 12.23 11.51 11.75 13.02

Coconut (each) Colombo 47.81 51.34 48.27 43.14 41.54 36.96 31.01 31.03 30.46 31.54 32.01 33.57 37.60
Kandy 48.88 49.94 46.65 44.28 41.71 36.50 32.70 30.00 30.98 28.79 28.45 30.12 37.28
Matara 51.61 54.43 52.22 50.97 46.56 37.32 30.45 27.35 27.83 29.75 31.10 34.36 39.11
Anuradhapura 42.21 42.98 41.10 41.91 39.41 34.85 29.08 26.71 25.34 25.82 27.88 28.50 33.44
69
Retail Prices of Selected Food Items in Selected Districts 2012
Rs. per kg.
Item District Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Ave.
Samba Rice Colombo 71.24 69.77 69.88 69.24 68.88 68.50 69.50 69.62 69.53 69.64 69.78 71.35 69.76
Kandy 69.44 69.25 69.00 68.23 68.23 68.83 69.45 69.55 69.33 69.80 69.74 72.04 69.44
Matara 69.70 70.95 71.11 71.69 71.71 71.75 69.38 69.44 69.55 69.29 69.71 70.00 70.44
Anuradhapura 68.80 68.25 66.68 65.20 65.18 64.90 67.89 69.30 69.48 69.97 69.93 70.77 68.01

Kekulu Rice Colombo 60.71 61.35 59.12 57.67 57.31 56.48 58.12 57.48 59.87 60.12 60.98 60.88 59.15
Kandy 59.28 59.48 57.54 57.40 57.58 58.41 58.78 58.74 58.15 59.78 59.50 60.04 58.70
Matara 53.75 51.73 46.82 44.91 45.91 43.83 48.75 49.33 50.00 52.33 54.09 54.07 49.04
Anuradhapura 55.14 54.00 51.77 49.38 48.98 49.30 52.84 52.63 55.17 56.40 56.33 57.79 53.22

Beans Colombo 100.47 89.05 76.28 113.71 130.19 158.60 117.08 118.10 116.76 151.07 212.18 126.24 123.45
Kandy 115.40 76.25 69.20 91.25 126.67 153.13 128.40 94.25 93.91 136.75 194.03 107.92 113.60
Matara 135.00 87.12 83.42 108.50 138.53 159.50 133.44 136.75 127.50 147.27 218.75 116.00 131.01
Anuradhapura 106.09 81.77 73.75 106.84 144.25 170.26 138.19 138.00 128.65 167.50 213.25 122.73 128.26

Cabbage Colombo 85.23 63.18 56.56 64.71 75.19 96.10 82.07 90.71 80.33 92.30 126.76 102.97 83.39
Kandy 80.50 44.68 44.42 50.23 59.08 77.34 85.13 75.88 70.54 83.06 114.13 89.58 72.60
Matara 100.50 64.62 60.34 70.33 72.35 88.00 94.06 87.50 85.83 86.82 122.08 122.14 86.28
Anuradhapura 80.65 47.96 39.50 45.28 63.18 87.63 87.37 84.25 81.67 94.67 118.75 102.73 75.96

Brinjals Colombo 75.70 48.09 51.03 65.64 79.97 87.07 82.48 82.08 83.56 92.04 135.00 102.03 79.68
Kandy 76.67 40.78 52.34 62.43 76.97 91.76 87.63 77.65 77.86 89.41 111.11 96.13 77.25
Matara 70.00 42.69 49.87 63.93 71.76 72.75 76.33 70.94 73.89 80.45 116.25 89.29 71.14
Anuradhapura 64.30 33.44 42.58 50.84 71.75 72.13 74.44 65.00 65.74 85.50 118.75 88.03 66.64

Pumpkins Colombo 67.17 52.61 50.28 51.50 54.12 78.19 77.45 69.64 72.22 76.20 90.38 73.47 66.54
Kandy 62.50 46.08 49.69 45.10 56.11 75.63 76.88 69.34 71.20 69.41 86.50 67.64 63.79
Matara 80.00 68.85 63.68 59.00 63.82 71.84 72.50 78.44 70.83 70.91 90.83 82.00 71.99
Anuradhapura 53.98 46.04 45.03 41.05 50.75 68.03 77.63 66.63 59.24 62.83 80.26 62.02 58.42

Red Onion Colombo 115.86 100.15 95.67 107.45 108.24 131.55 112.50 95.10 93.14 96.25 130.89 170.60 112.51
Kandy 127.67 116.83 96.79 98.75 106.56 145.50 95.31 84.38 83.75 89.88 114.38 148.18 108.75
Matara 120.71 111.67 87.86 90.91 98.46 124.64 106.46 81.46 76.50 80.68 108.33 142.33 100.20
Anuradhapura 117.27 96.90 78.71 92.00 101.00 129.72 94.44 78.68 76.67 90.94 120.38 153.91 100.63

Big Onion Colombo 78.07 79.38 77.32 81.41 79.24 91.88 84.89 82.79 76.18 73.75 84.20 117.07 83.81
Kandy 73.11 74.44 73.60 77.00 72.50 0.00 0.00 77.31 60.54 57.61 76.28 103.75 73.70
Matara 68.33 62.50 60.00 0.00 62.50 80.00 77.50 76.36 64.00 56.67 72.50 113.33 72.46
Anuradhapura 75.10 74.19 73.61 83.75 76.07 98.75 79.13 74.67 65.33 58.47 71.25 103.82 76.13

Potatoes Colombo 100.97 94.34 100.67 107.61 109.34 130.87 128.80 119.57 110.30 103.93 124.92 144.02 113.92
Kandy 119.08 104.42 95.78 104.88 109.61 121.76 126.53 121.38 94.65 82.43 108.73 135.54 110.01
Matara 101.67 91.92 95.00 104.69 109.41 131.38 131.25 115.16 98.82 87.27 113.96 131.00 110.46
Anuradhapura 112.08 93.39 87.53 104.29 110.58 133.29 122.35 113.82 96.35 90.78 115.50 133.89 109.32

Dried Chillies Colombo 249.33 251.49 231.18 220.44 210.07 212.33 222.84 224.05 221.29 217.59 222.50 225.20 226.29
Kandy 262.81 269.88 241.70 219.00 233.63 226.53 231.88 221.18 224.96 222.76 228.82 222.81 234.30
Matara 249.50 237.50 219.08 212.19 201.47 206.88 217.97 219.69 219.03 217.92 220.21 222.00 218.57
Anuradhapura 258.13 245.98 234.58 226.00 215.63 213.50 219.21 219.25 223.75 225.31 223.55 224.66 228.43

Kelawalla Colombo 674.40 643.19 659.43 715.30 761.76 765.73 812.59 839.81 828.13 724.81 814.63 820.76 747.54
Kandy 620.65 639.34 597.16 624.56 657.69 693.93 687.88 664.72 643.50 623.33 549.79 616.97 635.40
Matara 627.86 628.33 620.00 671.00 720.00 703.82 700.00 677.50 676.18 565.00 703.75 711.00 669.72
Anuradhapura 667.50 602.94 562.92 728.33 785.56 721.36 770.50 725.00 676.47 518.57 645.63 665.00 662.28

Hurulla Colombo 303.19 307.76 308.42 317.33 337.67 335.54 342.88 351.35 332.34 271.40 281.88 330.81 319.19
Kandy 281.52 311.94 305.12 310.00 331.88 341.61 321.56 321.13 318.25 272.79 296.67 320.43 309.97
Matara 371.67 307.00 344.17 371.36 379.09 395.71 406.88 354.38 373.33 310.83 446.25 394.00 372.40
Anuradhapura 267.71 286.67 283.97 304.44 326.54 300.29 310.00 289.38 275.87 237.50 276.05 269.50 284.45

Eggs (each) Colombo 11.29 9.88 10.22 10.90 9.11 12.44 10.90 10.03 13.06 11.90 11.34 14.11 11.23
Kandy 11.74 10.69 10.23 11.43 9.57 12.39 11.34 10.97 13.41 12.11 11.53 13.93 11.63
Matara 12.30 11.88 10.89 11.47 10.03 13.00 11.50 10.66 13.38 12.50 12.96 14.43 12.04
Anuradhapura 12.29 11.02 10.75 11.65 9.16 13.09 11.00 10.90 13.40 12.16 12.13 13.94 11.77

Coconut (each) Colombo 33.98 32.08 32.57 33.77 32.92 31.21 30.95 29.14 30.00 30.83 31.98 34.83 32.15
Kandy 29.80 28.31 30.17 32.28 31.71 31.13 29.37 28.45 29.41 29.67 32.82 35.65 30.73
Matara 34.90 33.96 33.63 34.09 34.21 34.45 34.20 32.13 32.75 32.04 34.96 36.57 33.97
Anuradhapura 28.04 25.75 27.27 27.89 26.80 27.03 25.87 26.55 28.09 31.44 34.73 35.03 28.55
70
Nominal Wage Rate Indices 1961 2012
1978 December = 100
Workers in Wages Boards Government Employees
Year Workers Workers in Workers All Non-Exe- Minor Central Government

in Industry and in Workers cutive Emp- Government School
Agriculture Commerce Services Officers loyees Employees Teachers
1961 23.1 33.6 24.1 52.2 42.2 46.0 57.6

1962 23.3 33.8 24.4 52.2 42.2 46.0 57.6
1963 23.6 34.2 24.7 52.2 42.2 46.0 57.6
1964 24.2 34.7 25.3 52.2 42.2 46.0 57.6
1965 24.2 34.7 25.3 52.2 42.2 46.0 57.6
1966 24.2 34.5 25.3 52.2 42.2 46.0 57.6
1967 25.1 36.3 26.2 53.5 44.1 47.7 58.6
1968 29.0 42.3 30.2 59.7 52.8 55.4 63.6
1969 29.0 42.3 30.2 61.6 54.4 57.2 65.0
1970 29.3 43.4 30.6 67.0 59.2 62.2 69.2
1971 29.6 46.1 31.1 67.0 59.2 62.2 69.2
1972 31.0 47.5 33.6 67.1 59.4 62.4 69.2
1973 35.1 52.2 36.4 69.5 62.9 65.4 70.6
1974 43.9 62.0 45.5 77.4 71.4 73.7 78.0
1975 50.4 72.0 52.4 84.2 79.8 81.5 84.3
1976 51.5 73.9 53.6 88.2 84.9 86.2 89.1
1977 64.8 79.5 66.2 89.2 86.2 87.3 90.6
1978 94.2 98.8 94.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1979 123.1 111.3 113.9 119.6 115.6 118.7 117.2 112.3
1980 153.6 138.8 130.5 147.3 126.0 132.0 129.1 120.1
1981 153.9 151.0 146.4 152.2 140.9 151.1 146.1 133.1
1982 181.2 161.0 169.7 175.8 180.6 194.7 187.8 166.4
1983 198.7 163.1 177.8 188.8 204.6 226.2 215.7 188.1
1984 250.3 183.3 190.7 228.8 231.4 260.9 246.6 211.4
1985 273.5 203.9 190.7 247.9 264.4 303.2 284.3 247.3
1986 288.1 224.3 190.7 261.3 276.6 317.2 297.4 247.3
1987 302.3 256.3 196.6 277.7 276.6 317.2 297.4 247.3
1988 378.4 271.7 229.5 335.8 364.0 414.1 390.0 331.5
1989 435.9 334.9 245.9 388.1 396.0 444.6 421.8 367.8
1990 517.2 379.5 267.8 453.5 439.6 513.5 476.8 404.5
1991 577.7 459.6 336.5 518.8 488.2 582.3 534.6 444.8
1992 664.1 510.8 365.9 590.0 507.2 609.9 557.6 461.8
1993 803.7 528.7 365.9 685.8 622.1 728.3 675.5 567.1
1994 821.5 555.8 431.4 712.4 692.7 772.3 735.5 595.6
1995 830.9 651.6 456.7 740.3 749.4 828.1 792.5 760.5
1996 907.9 682.8 559.7 801.7 757.1 878.7 818.2 760.5
1997 971.8 710.8 487.2 849.1 842.9 966.7 906.5 778.5
1998 1,097.7 807.7 506.4 953.3 959.6 1,029.1 1,001.4 805.5
1999 1,116.0 829.2 559.7 977.6 959.6 1,029.1 1,001.4 805.5
2000 1,142.7 857.2 559.7 1,000.4 1,031.3 1,125.8 1,084.7 865.1
2001 1,176.4 919.7 657.6 1,049.3 1,225.9 1,388.2 1,310.8 1,026.8
2002 1,269.6 986.5 678.0 1,126.5 1,410.3 1,636.7 1,525.0 1,180.1
2003 1,382.2 1,009.4 678.0 1,205.2 1,410.3 1,636.7 1,525.0 1,180.1
2004 1,397.7 1,044.1 751.0 1,233.0 1,709.0 2,039.5 1,872.1 1,428.4
2005 1,527.4 1,078.4 779.7 1,329.7 2,178.4 2,672.4 2,417.5 1,818.6
2006 1,567.1 1,090.7 779.7 1,358.2 2,853.8 3,463.0 3,150.8 2,304.2
2007 1,821.4 1,522.4 1,057.1 1,648.8 3,493.4 4,172.7 3,828.4 2,740.0
2008 2,286.6 1,877.5 1,370.8 2,070.4 3,749.5 4,494.7 4,116.1 2,938.6
2009 2,349.4 2,054.0 1,545.8 2,171.4 4,082.4 4,943.5 4,502.8 3,215.3
2010 3,327.6 2,199.0 1,673.3 2,865.3 4,210.4 5,116.1 4,651.6 3,321.7
2011 3,427.2 2,402.1 1,851.8 2,996.1 4,490.1 5,465.1 4,964.5 3,576.1
2012(a) 4,433.0 2,402.1 1,851.8 3,662.0 4,803.6 5,831.8 5,304.7 3,821.8
(a) Provisional Sources : Department of Labour
71
Average Daily Wage Rates in Selected Activities 2003 2012
Rupees
Activity Type of 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Labour
Paddy
Ploughing with Ploughs M 313 348 384 429 509 629 657 702 731 844
Ploughing with Mammoties M 297 310 333 365 428 528 576 632 700 795
Sowing M 295 328 334 529 574 637 705 783
Transplanting (b) M 286 304 325 354 405 508 554 619 677 753
F 229 254 257 282 329 405 445 479 537 597
Manuring M 288 316 328 361 425 519 573 639 702 776
Spraying M 326 372 372 401 472 577 635 714 760 848
Weeding M 274 301 375
F 221 253 260 284 331 406 445
Harvesting M 279 306 300 300
F 236 276 250
Threshing M 294 352 358 379 444 577 599 674 714 784
Winnowing M 303 336 335 365 423 544 581 623 682 775
F 239 255 253 285 311 388 424 454 508 586
Coconut
Digging Pits M 331 336 348 396 459 565 626 661 744 841
Planting M 293 315 316 357 431 530 588 631 699 805
F 236 242 220 259 305 370 419 443 509 581
Manuring M 297 319 350
F 232 240 220 259 305 371 419
Plucking M 410 465 457 482 569 727 816 875 991 1,114
Collecting Nuts M 269 286 282 317 369 455 503 542 597 687
F 208 220 213 238 275 335 368 417 451 520
Husking M 338 366 377 406 487 590 652 690 775 894

Tea
Preparation Land M
276 290 289 322 369 436 479 532 610 683
Planting M
281 307 290 325 366 429 470 525 611 679
F
210 225 221 241 269 313 355 392 449 511
Manuring M
267 298 289 323 371 430 486 544 617 684
Weeding M
259 290 281 312 358 422 468 525 583 661
F
198 222 215 233 266 312 356 394 443 514
Pruning M
312 346 333 374 418 499 552 605 697 776
Plucking M
221 254 253 274 314 361 396 444 491 548
F
186 199 253 273 315 361 395 353 395 435
Rubber
Uprooting and Cleaning M 287 311 302 323 376 471 501 550 606 687
Planting M 286 317 319 341 378 478 519 566 639 732
Planting of Creepers M 291 321 319 341 378 478 519
F 248 272 300
Pruning M 282 316 302 333 386 510 496 554 639 728
Manuring M 281 313 314 344 412 525 573 633 714 789
Spraying M 282 313 325
Tapping M 185 207 231 265 305 400 417 477 531 586
F 169 193 204 232 269 354 373 433 483 533
Building Construction

Carpentry
Master Carpenter M 474 506 544 615 709 828 922 1,003 1,115 1,248
Skilled Helper M 357 385 394 441 508 602 666 732 809 913
Unskilled Helper M 287 312 315 354 408 487 539 581 648 734
Masonry
Master Mason M 465 499 539 608 704 820 912 987 1,093 1,216
Skilled Helper M 353 380 393 435 500 600 668 731 802 906
Unskilled Helper M 286 313 316 354 407 494 555 596 655 740
M Male F Female Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka

(a) Provisional
(b) Daily wages for transplanting after 2004 are the average of both daily wages of transplanting and harvesting.
Note: These wage rates represent payment in cash without meals.
72
Minimum Wage Rate Indices of Workers in Wages Board Trades (a)
December 1978 = 100

Workers in Workers in Industry Workers in Workers in
Agriculture (b) and Commerce (c) Services (d) Wages Boards Trades (e)
Period
Wage Rate Index Wage Rate Index Wage Rate Index Wage Rate Index
Nominal (f) Real Wage (g) Nominal (f) Real Wage (g) Nominal (f) Real Wage (g) Nominal (f) Real Wage (g)
2011
January 3,336.3 105.6 2,402.1 76.0 1,851.8 58.6 2,935.9 92.9
February 3,336.7 104.1 2,402.1 74.9 1,851.8 57.8 2,936.1 91.6
March 3,336.9 104.6 2,402.1 75.3 1,851.8 58.0 2,936.3 92.0
April 3,336.9 104.6 2,402.1 75.3 1,851.8 58.0 2,936.3 92.0
May 3,336.9 104.0 2,402.1 74.8 1,851.8 57.7 2,936.3 91.5
June 3,337.0 104.2 2,402.1 75.0 1,851.8 57.8 2,936.4 91.7
July 3,337.0 103.8 2,402.1 74.7 1,851.8 57.6 2,936.4 91.4
August 3,337.0 104.1 2,402.1 74.9 1,851.8 57.8 2,936.4 91.6
September 3,337.0 103.8 2,402.1 74.7 1,851.8 57.6 2,936.4 91.4
October 3,337.0 104.0 2,402.1 74.8 1,851.8 57.7 2,936.4 91.5
November 3,337.0 103.2 2,402.1 74.3 1,851.8 57.3 2,936.4 90.8
December 4,420.8 135.2 2,402.1 73.4 1,851.8 56.6 3,653.9 111.7
2012
January 4,420.9 134.8 2,402.1 73.2 1,851.8 56.5 3,653.9 111.4
February 4,433.6 134.7 2,402.1 73.0 1,851.8 56.2 3,662.4 111.2
March 4,433.6 131.8 2,402.1 71.4 1,851.8 55.0 3,662.4 108.9
April 4,433.9 131.0 2,402.1 71.0 1,851.8 54.7 3,662.5 108.2
May 4,433.9 129.1 2,402.1 69.9 1,851.8 53.9 3,662.6 106.7
June 4,434.1 126.7 2,402.1 68.6 1,851.8 52.9 3,662.7 104.7
July 4,434.3 125.6 2,402.1 68.0 1,851.8 52.4 3,662.8 103.7
August 4,434.4 126.3 2,402.1 68.4 1,851.8 52.8 3,662.9 104.3
September 4,434.3 126.5 2,402.1 68.5 1,851.8 52.8 3,662.8 104.5
October 4,434.3 126.9 2,402.1 68.7 1,851.8 53.0 3,662.8 104.8
November 4,434.2 125.3 2,402.1 67.9 1,851.8 52.3 3,662.8 103.5
December 4,434.4 124.1 2,402.1 67.3 1,851.8 51.8 3,662.9 102.5
(a) The Index numbers are calculated by the Labour Department on fixed weights based (d) This includes cinema, motor transport and Sources : Labour Department
on the numbers employed as at 31 December 1978. nursing home trades only. Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(b) The Index refers to wage rates of tea growing and manufacturing, rubber growing (e) Combined index for workers in agriculture,
and manufacturing, coconut, cocoa, cardamoms and pepper growing trades only. in industry & commerce and in services.
(c) Including baking, brick and tile manufacturing, coconut manufacturing, printing, (f) The wage rate used in the calculation of
textile, tyre and tube manufacturing, coir mattresses and bristle fibre export, hosiery Index numbers are Nominal wages for
manufacturing, engineering, garment manufacturing, match manufacturing, biscuit different trades fixed by the Wages Board.
and confectionery, tea export and rubber export trades only. (g) Based on Colombo Consumers Price Index
(CCPI) - (2006/07 = 100).
Table 7.13
Wage Rate Indices of Government Employees (a)
December 1978 = 100
Non-Executive Minor All Central Government Government School
Officers Employees Employees (b) Teachers
Period
Wage Rate Index Wage Rate Index Wage Rate Index Wage Rate Index
Nominal (c) Real Wage (d) Nominal (c) Real Wage (d) Nominal (c) Real Wage (d) Nominal (c) Real Wage (d)
2011
January 4,490.1 142.1 5,465.1 172.9 4,964.5 157.1 3,576.1 113.1
February 4,490.1 140.1 5,465.1 170.5 4,964.5 154.9 3,576.1 111.6
March 4,490.1 140.7 5,465.1 171.3 4,964.5 155.6 3,576.1 112.1
April 4,490.1 140.7 5,465.1 171.3 4,964.5 155.6 3,576.1 112.1
May 4,490.1 139.9 5,465.1 170.3 4,964.5 154.7 3,576.1 111.4
June 4,490.1 140.2 5,465.1 170.6 4,964.5 155.0 3,576.1 111.6
July 4,490.1 139.7 5,465.1 170.1 4,964.5 154.5 3,576.1 111.3
August 4,490.1 140.1 5,465.1 170.5 4,964.5 154.9 3,576.1 111.6
September 4,490.1 139.7 5,465.1 170.1 4,964.5 154.5 3,576.1 111.3
October 4,490.1 139.9 5,465.1 170.3 4,964.5 154.7 3,576.1 111.4
November 4,490.1 138.9 5,465.1 169.0 4,964.5 153.6 3,576.1 110.6
December 4,490.1 137.3 5,465.1 167.1 4,964.5 151.8 3,576.1 109.3

2012
January 4,803.6 146.4 5,831.8 177.8 5,304.7 161.7 3,821.8 116.5
February 4,803.6 145.9 5,831.8 177.1 5,304.7 161.1 3,821.8 116.1
March 4,803.6 142.7 5,831.8 173.3 5,304.7 157.6 3,821.8 113.6
April 4,803.6 141.9 5,831.8 172.3 5,304.7 156.7 3,821.8 112.9
May 4,803.6 139.9 5,831.8 169.8 5,304.7 154.5 3,821.8 111.3
June 4,803.6 137.3 5,831.8 166.6 5,304.7 151.6 3,821.8 109.2
July 4,803.6 136.0 5,831.8 165.1 5,304.7 150.2 3,821.8 108.2
August 4,803.6 136.8 5,831.8 166.1 5,304.7 151.1 3,821.8 108.9
September 4,803.6 137.0 5,831.8 166.3 5,304.7 151.3 3,821.8 109.0
October 4,803.6 137.4 5,831.8 166.8 5,304.7 151.8 3,821.8 109.3
November 4,803.6 135.7 5,831.8 164.7 5,304.7 149.8 3,821.8 108.0
December 4,803.6 134.5 5,831.8 163.3 5,304.7 148.5 3,821.8 107.0
(a) The Index numbers are calculated by the Salaries and Wages in the Public Administration Circulars. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(b) Combined Index for Non-Executive Officers and Minor Employees.
(c) The wage rates used in the calculation of index numbers are the initial salaries and wages in each respective scale.
(d) Based on Colombo Consumers Price Index (CCPI) - (2006/07 = 100).
73
All Island Average Wages in the Informal Sector 2011(a)
Rupees
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Agriculture
Tea Preparation of Land Male 594 591 582 608 603 611 613 610 605 624 621 639
Plucking Female 347 375 395 383 393 394 417 398 400 410 408 410
Rubber Planting Male 617 621 636 628 650 678 655 625 633 630 641 650
Tapping Male 518 544 530 490 550 513 523 534 532 560 548 547
Female 427 473 470 454 471 485 486 489 487 521 496 511
Coconut Digging Pits Male 720 719 721 722 736 742 747 724 745 767 776 788
Plucking with Sticks Male 933 917 886 878 935 946 969 909 926 938 944 1,021
Paddy Ploughing with
Mammoties Male 655 656 654 687 664 675 674 708 702 726 740 734
Transplanting and Male 632 685 655 670 647 716 688 677 682 664 689 693
Harvesting Female 496 543 535 523 495 530 528 550 573 532 539 551
Housing Construction (b)

Carpentry Master Carpenter Male 1,065 1,080 1,069 1,092 1,096 1,105 1,124 1,126 1,140 1,146 1,156 1,163
Skilled Helper Male 781 778 780 792 788 805 801 819 827 826 845 847
Unskilled Helper Male 621 634 636 635 635 636 644 657 655 663 671 681
Masonry Master Mason Male 1,042 1,064 1,056 1,067 1,083 1,085 1,087 1,104 1,111 1,134 1,124 1,151
(a) Daily wages represent payments in cash where meals are not provided by the employer. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(b) Wages in the construction sector are paid on daily payment basis.
Table 7.15
All Island Average Wages in the Informal Sector 2012(a)
Rupees
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Agriculture
Tea Preparation of Land Male 626 645 648 669 689 683 698 717 700 708 697 716
Plucking Male 494 510 540 538 541 538 546 579 577 557 571 583
Female 401 431 409 424 436 427 428 458 456 448 447 465
Rubber Planting Male 663 689 733 688 730 738 743 744 729 760 783 770
Tapping Male 536 546 568 562 587 579 620 596 617 617 604 607
Female 493 504 510 513 525 532 569 545 591 558 527 544
Coconut Digging Pits Male 795 821 807 809 821 857 835 850 845 859 889 882
Plucking with Sticks Male 1,015 985 1,025 1,003 1,079 1,040 1,042 1,094 1,023 1,074 1,141 1,114
Paddy Ploughing with
Mammoties Male 748 705 744 768 792 805 758 783 790 825 852 829
Transplanting and Male 716 736 721 735 738 760 714 786 779 777 798 775
Harvesting Female 566 586 570 590 588 559 606 626 620 600 620 627
Housing Construction (b)

Carpentry Master Carpenter Male 1,190 1,202 1,210 1,228 1,235 1,324 1,242 1,259 1,268 1,262 1,280 1,275
Masonry Master Mason Male 1,179 1,185 1,190 1,199 1,219 1,208 1,217 1,232 1,235 1,239 1,243 1,246
(a) Daily wages represent payments in cash where meals are not provided by the employer. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(b) Wages in the construction sector are paid on daily payment basis.
74
Cost Indices for Construction 2003 2012
1990 = 100
Modern Semi Permanent All Non-Residential All All

Year Quarter Housing Housing Housing Building Civil Works Construction
2003 1st Quarter 221.7 272.7 224.8 213.3 204.3 214.7

2nd Quarter 225.4 278.2 228.7 218.0 209.6 219.3
3rd Quarter 226.4 278.1 229.6 220.8 213.6 221.8
4th Quarter 232.8 285.6 236.1 225.8 216.2 226.5

2004 1st Quarter 232.3 291.5 235.9 227.5 220.1 228.2
2nd Quarter 240.5 300.6 244.2 237.3 228.9 237.0
3rd Quarter 254.4 316.6 258.3 248.6 237.0 248.2
4th Quarter 276.5 330.8 279.9 268.4 252.6 267.2

2005 1st Quarter 288.7 340.0 291.9 279.3 260.7 277.5
2nd Quarter 298.6 353.6 302.0 286.9 266.0 285.3
3rd Quarter 313.8 361.8 316.8 296.5 270.0 294.9
4th Quarter 326.4 378.5 329.6 305.8 277.0 304.8

2006 1st Quarter 349.9 406.3 353.4 325.4 291.6 324.3
2nd Quarter 362.9 426.7 366.9 336.9 304.8 337.3
3rd Quarter 375.7 458.0 380.8 348.0 316.8 350.0
4th Quarter 389.6 490.1 395.9 360.6 327.3 362.8

2007 1st Quarter 396.2 511.9 403.4 368.0 334.6 370.2
2nd Quarter 404.3 538.7 412.7 380.6 349.1 382.1
3rd Quarter 414.9 557.0 423.7 394.4 364.9 395.5
4th Quarter 423.1 568.2 432.1 403.5 369.9 402.7

2008 1st Quarter 438.8 593.1 448.4 423.5 390.4 421.4
2nd Quarter 451.7 622.9 462.3 447.8 414.1 441.1
3rd Quarter 464.4 642.3 475.5 468.7 434.0 458.4
4th Quarter 471.5 666.6 483.6 462.9 427.6 458.2

2009 1st Quarter 472.0 673.6 484.5 452.5 419.9 453.6
2nd Quarter 471.8 684.9 485.0 452.0 418.9 453.3
3rd Quarter 477.9 685.9 490.8 457.4 423.2 458.4
4th Quarter 478.9 700.6 492.6 458.3 424.2 459.7

2010 1st Quarter 479.4 701.6 493.2 459.0 424.9 460.4
2nd Quarter 484.0 712.9 498.2 463.7 428.8 464.9
3rd Quarter 488.6 722.9 503.1 467.8 430.9 468.6
4th Quarter 489.7 725.8 504.3 468.9 432.2 469.8

2011(a)
1st Quarter 501.8 738.0 516.5 482.2 442.9 481.7
2nd Quarter 508.7 762.5 524.5 489.5 447.1 488.1
3rd Quarter 514.3 780.5 530.8 493.8 450.0 492.7
4th Quarter 524.1 796.7 541.0 502.2 456.6 501.1
2012(a)
1st Quarter 547.6 826.9 564.9 527.2 479.1 524.7
2nd Quarter 569.9 850.2 587.2 550.3 505.0 548.6
3rd Quarter 583.9 861.4 601.1 561.4 513.5 559.9
4th Quarter 601.6 871.0 618.3 573.9 515.2 570.2
(a) Provisional Source : Institute for Construction Training and Development
75
External Trade and Finance Table 8.1
Summary of External Trade 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Exports, Rs. Mn. (b) 495,426 583,967 638,276 716,579 845,683 878,499 813,911 974,387 1,167,588 1,245,531
Agricultural Exports 93,069 107,951 116,046 134,481 182,527 213,132 210,092 260,632 279,466 297,715
Tea 65,936 74,897 81,482 91,667 113,565 137,606 136,194 162,793 164,869 180,429
Rubber 3,717 5,155 4,724 9,674 12,066 13,535 11,327 19,580 22,811 15,726
Coconut Products 8,926 11,453 11,400 12,898 14,227 15,728 18,635 18,728 29,394 26,594
Other 14,490 16,446 18,439 20,242 42,670 46,264 43,937 59,531 62,392 74,966

Industrial Exports 383,833 457,175 497,695 562,450 657,052 662,220 600,621 688,759 883,771 938,762
Textiles and Garments 248,574 285,172 291,088 320,829 369,173 376,990 374,645 379,185 463,509 508,607
Petroleum Products 6,300 10,133 13,169 19,580 18,791 27,553 15,447 29,761 61,170 58,902
Other 128,959 178,870 193,438 222,041 269,088 257,677 210,529 279,813 359,092 371,253

Mineral 7,601 10,939 12,088 10,714 2,631 2,311 2,280 2,739 3,631 7,833

Other 10,923 7,902 12,448 8,934 3,474 835 918 22,258 720 1,221

Imports, Rs. Mn. (b) 643,749 811,138 891,359 1,066,689 1,250,386 1,525,705 1,172,618 1,519,737 2,241,488 2,440,899
Consumer Goods 129,656 146,073 151,021 185,461 184,129 217,295 179,722 279,762 404,037 380,968
Intermediate Goods 380,931 489,688 549,004 640,810 773,126 976,190 707,655 910,010 1,357,505 1,473,554
Investment Goods 127,363 169,096 188,061 233,637 287,363 309,092 240,284 311,496 473,974 582,921
Unclassfied 5,799 6,280 3,272 6,781 5,768 23,128 44,957 18,470 5,972 3,455

Balance of Trade, Rs. Mn. -148,323 -227,171 -253,082 -350,110 -404,703 -647,207 -358,707 -545,350
-1,073,900
-1,195,368

Export / Import Ratio 0.77 0.72 0.72 0.67 0.68 0.58 0.69 0.64 0.52 0.51
Export Indices (c)
Unit Value Index 150.5 164.5 168.6 182.4 62.8 66.6 72.4 100.0 108.7 116.4
Volume Index 120.1 129.4 138.0 143.3 138.0 135.2 115.3 100.0 110.2 109.7
Value Index 180.7 213.0 232.8 261.3 86.8 90.1 83.5 100.0 119.8 127.8

Import Indices (c)
Unit Value Index 136.3 157.1 168.6 188.7 80.5 82.8 92.5 100.0 119.7 129.7
Volume Index 136.5 148.8 152.8 163.4 102.4 121.5 83.6 100.0 123.6 124.2
Value Index 186.0 233.7 257.6 308.3 82.5 100.6 77.3 100.0 147.9 161.0
Terms of Trade (2010 = 100)
(d) 110.4 104.8 100.0 96.7 78.1 80.4 78.3 100.0 90.9 89.8
(a) Provisional Sources : Sri Lanka Customs

(b) From 2007 onwards categories are reclassified based on the National Import Tariff Guide 2010. Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(c) In terms of rupee. Trade indices were calculated 1997 as the base year up to 2006.
From 2007 base year is 2010.
(b) Terms of Trade = (Export Unit Value Index / Import Unit Value Index) 100
76
Selected Exports 2003 2012(a)
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(b)
Agricultural Exports
Tea, MT 000 298 300 309 327 312 320 290 328 323 320
Rubber, MT 000 35 41 32 47 51 49 56 52 43 37
Coconut, Mn. Nuts 461 538 377 456 457 380 367 251 386 351
Vegetables, MT 9,437 12,190 14,071 11,005 12,761 12,279 15,670 20,994 13,446 10,814
Coffee, MT 214 94 131 106 61 86 60 26 10 10
Cinnamon, MT 11,025 11,391 12,365 12,334 13,400 12,459 12,234 13,682 13,747 14,762
Pepper, MT 7,740 4,851 8,130 8,191 9,061 6,253 6,580 12,971 5,065 10,532
Betel Leaves and
Arecanuts, MT 3,098 3,477 3,646 4,465 6,354 6,052 4,017 4,710 5,022 4,369
Sesame Seeds &
Other Oil Seeds, MT 743 2,628 949 2,059 1,184 315 1,449 9,201 546 3,298

Unmanufactured Tobacco, MT 1,893 1,645 1,598 1,399 1,578 1,278 686 695 708 861

Selected Other Exports, MT
Aviation Fuel (Avtur) 110,363 128,005 123,004 118,942
Naptha 41,363
Diesel (c) 5,775 (d)
4,381 801

Textiles and Garments, Mn.kgs. 446 501 554 674 768 828 720 758 861 797
Mineral Exports (e) 3,517 4,470 4,229 5,077 5,152 5,176 3,018 3,231 3,341 3,094
Precious Stones, 000 kgs. 12,824 13,461 13,806 18,892 18,522 17,341 11,971 2,560 4,286 4,067
(a) From 2007 onwards categories are (b) Provisional Sources : Sri Lanka Customs
reclassified based on the National (c) Auto, Heavy and Marine Diesel Central Bank of Sri Lanka
Import Tariff Guide 2010. (d) Products transfered to Lanka Marine Services Ltd., by CPC.
(e) Graphite only
Table 8.3
Selected Imports 2003 2012(a)
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(b)
Food and Drink, MT 000

Rice 35 222 52 12 88 84 52 126 28 36
Sugar 509 438 418 525 478 571 466 548 606 569
Milk and Milk Products
Milk and Milk Food (c) 64 54 53 73 66 66 65 76 88 84
Infant Milk Food, MT 621 813 355 1,866 1,114 1,343 1,442 911 1,756 1,446
Fish and Fish Products
Fish Dried (d) 52 43 50 50 52 48 49 49 50 41
Fish Other 24 24 26 27 35 29 27 34 33 31
Wheat Grain 919 993 864 1,200 952 919 1,026 1,052 1,242 1,084
Medical and Pharmaceuticals
MT 000 10 11 14 14 88 110 61 558 82 189
Fertilizer, MT 000 514 510 529 633 569 773 462 649 801 640
Crude Oil, MT 000 1,995 2,200 2,008 2,151 1,968 1,853 2,066 1,819 2,070 1,486
Cement, MT 000 1,393 808 1,460 1,849 2,117 2,004 1,702 2,012 2,817 3,796

Transport Equipment (No.)
Motor Vehicles (e) 74,772 78,853 75,750 65,679 44,289 19,525 3,767 37,522 68,763 103,182
Motor Cycles 117,301 150,742 201,428 209,635 177,193 153,657 112,307 226,426 252,036 186,372
Tractors 16,383 15,288 26,106 23,120 23,629 28,175 12,860 18,617 26,870 18,967
(a) From 2007 onwards categories are reclassified based on the National Import Tariff Guide 2010. Sources : Sri Lanka Customs
(b) Provisional. (d) Including maldive-fish, sprats and smoked fish. Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(c) Excluding infant milk food. (e) Including motor cars, vans, lorries and buses.
77
Imports by Major Categories 2003 2012(a)
Rs. Million
Category 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(b)
Consumer Goods 129,656 146,073 151,021 185,461 184,129 217,295 179,722 279,762 404,037 380,968
Food and Drink 54,459 60,447 61,410 78,854 88,738 117,903 107,155 149,568 173,277 166,003
Rice 819 6,186 1,554 576 4,261 4,730 2,592 6,741 2,035 3,083
Flour 194 99 3,200 321 231 112 60 90 1,538 628
Sugar 11,196 11,048 13,303 23,256 16,753 21,988 25,045 41,077 47,091 43,872
Milk and Milk Products 11,540 12,338 13,401 17,761 20,513 31,221 18,948 29,214 38,182 39,023
Fish Dried 3,744 3,243 3,769 5,482 6,274 6,275 7,869 7,607 8,404 8,935
Fish Other 2,345 2,606 3,220 4,165 5,741 6,348 6,101 7,070 8,066 8,548
Food Other 24,620 24,928 22,963 27,294 34,965 47,229 46,540 57,768 67,961 61,914
Other Consumer Goods 75,198 85,626 89,611 106,607 95,391 99,391 72,567 130,194 230,760 214,965
Motor Cars and Cycles 25,767 26,746 24,363 37,635 19,127 21,759 10,195 48,720 94,473 61,189
Radio Receivers and Compounds
4,195 4,495 3,741 11,117 6,538 6,947 2,760 5,080 13,015 14,923
Tyres and Tubes 2,434 3,100 3,310 4,810 3,774 4,320 4,150 6,712 7,621 8,064
Medical and
Pharmaceutical Products 10,210 11,952 13,461 16,279 19,742 23,010 23,199 24,549 38,487 47,537
Other 32,591 39,333 44,736 36,765 46,210 43,356 32,263 45,133 77,165 83,252
Intermediate Goods 380,931 489,688 549,004 640,810 773,126 976,190 707,655 910,010 1,357,505 1,473,554
Fertilizer 8,457 10,902 13,552 17,036 21,422 62,420 20,851 27,157 44,992 39,859
Fuel 80,807 122,732 166,562 215,168 278,572 366,839 251,006 343,809 530,389 639,217
Chemical Elements and
Compounds 16,363 20,898 24,988 27,122 35,535 45,187 40,476 47,203 63,720 70,445
Dyeing, Tanning &
Colouring Materials 4,784 5,809 6,360 7,433 9,229 9,809 9,095 11,586 13,943 15,095
Paper and Paper Boards 17,654 20,887 21,853 25,685 19,393 22,165 17,587 24,763 29,230 25,615
Wheat and Maize 13,255 18,536 14,200 20,679 28,230 43,441 30,921 30,009 47,382 46,352
Textiles 132,415 153,476 153,957 160,987 190,894 193,764 175,681 204,542 256,592 289,546
Other 107,195 136,448 147,533 166,701 189,851 232,565 162,038 220,941 371,257 347,424
Investment Goods 127,363 169,096 188,061 233,637 287,363 309,092 240,284 311,496 473,974 582,921
Building Materials 31,677 40,709 50,967 56,822 83,406 97,405 75,290 92,905 118,935 157,437
Transport Equipment 19,869 26,008 32,743 37,928 45,316 52,315 40,926 66,991 117,737 124,773
Machinery and Equipment 67,330 86,709 86,567 110,853 158,078 158,907 123,731 151,223 236,857 300,138
Other 8,487 15,670 17,785 28,035 564 465 336 377 445 573
Unclassified Imports 5,799 6,280 3,272 6,781 5,768 23,128 44,957 18,470 5,972 3,455

Total Imports 643,749 811,138 891,359 1,066,689 1,250,386 1,525,705 1,172,618 1,519,737 2,241,488 2,440,899
(a) From 2007 onwards categories are reclassified Sources : Sri Lanka Customs
based on the National Import Tariff Guide 2010. Prima Ceylon Ltd.
Serendib Flour Mills (Pvt) Ltd.
(b) Provisional
Ceylon Petroleum Corporation
Lanka IOC PLC
78
Direction of Trade Exports(a) 2008 2012
Rs. Million
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 (b)

Group of Countries
Value Share Value Share Value Share Value Share Value Share
Largest Export Destinations

United States of America 202,510 23.0 181,154 22.2 192,348 19.7 237,142 20.3 271,251 21.7
United Kingdom 118,125 13.4 117,655 14.4 111,903 11.5 122,969 10.5 135,177 10.8
India 45,320 5.2 37,004 4.5 53,587 5.5 57,388 4.9 72,411 5.8
Belgium Luxembourg 46,085 5.2 41,799 5.1 42,594 4.4 62,516 5.4 68,029 5.5
Italy 48,215 5.5 50,286 6.2 52,689 5.4 67,453 5.8 64,862 5.2
Germany 43,903 5.0 39,869 4.9 45,244 4.6 56,387 4.8 58,008 4.7
Russia 23,913 2.7 22,116 2.7 27,504 2.8 31,119 2.7 33,468 2.7
United Arab Emirates 27,370 3.1 24,294 3.0 32,536 3.3 32,972 2.8 28,406 2.3
Japan 17,225 2.0 16,008 2.0 19,329 2.0 24,653 2.1 27,631 2.2
Iran 16,738 1.9 16,739 2.1 18,691 1.9 19,944 1.7 25,005 2.0
Other Export Destinations
Australia 10,058 1.1 9,405 1.2 12,144 1.2 14,086 1.2 17,221 1.4
Austria 1,875 0.2 1,607 0.2 2,061 0.2 3,349 0.3 4,043 0.3
Azerbaijan 1,408 0.2 1,755 0.2 5,026 0.5 6,060 0.5 5,899 0.5
Bangladesh 2,499 0.3 3,002 0.4 3,813 0.4 5,123 0.4 7,231 0.6
Brazil 2,438 0.3 1,842 0.2 2,494 0.3 3,482 0.3 4,818 0.4
Canada 9,693 1.1 8,520 1.0 10,567 1.1 14,002 1.2 18,325 1.5
Chile 2,877 0.3 2,603 0.3 3,053 0.3 3,590 0.3 3,893 0.3
China, Peoples Republic of 5,072 0.6 6,418 0.8 8,121 0.8 11,367 1.0 14,416 1.2
Denmark 3,304 0.4 1,986 0.2 2,597 0.3 2,956 0.3 3,339 0.3
Egypt 2,306 0.3 1,998 0.2 2,622 0.3 3,769 0.3 5,303 0.4
France 19,465 2.2 16,455 2.0 17,991 1.8 20,371 1.7 22,625 1.8
Hong Kong 11,306 1.3 7,938 1.0 11,092 1.1 12,768 1.1 14,048 1.1
Indonesia 4,307 0.5 5,207 0.6 7,434 0.8 13,269 1.1 11,391 0.9
Iraq 4,602 0.5 4,301 0.5 5,860 0.6 9,468 0.8 11,124 0.9
Ireland, Republic of 2,664 0.3 2,404 0.3 2,707 0.3 3,418 0.3 3,402 0.3
Israel 7,157 0.8 4,181 0.5 5,226 0.5 6,301 0.5 9,593 0.8
Jordan 5,650 0.6 6,216 0.8 7,904 0.8 4,434 0.4 5,624 0.5
Kuwait 3,239 0.4 4,225 0.5 5,530 0.6 4,673 0.4 4,255 0.3
Libya 2,324 0.3 2,819 0.3 4,104 0.4 2,596 0.2 8,665 0.7
Malaysia 4,795 0.5 5,375 0.7 8,235 0.8 10,846 0.9 8,812 0.7
Maldives 5,166 0.6 3,855 0.5 4,968 0.5 6,137 0.5 6,716 0.5
Mexico 6,998 0.8 6,760 0.8 7,498 0.8 10,819 0.9 13,210 1.1
Netherlands 17,044 1.9 17,964 2.2 22,638 2.3 21,861 1.9 20,260 1.6
New Zealand 1,637 0.2 1,631 0.2 2,034 0.2 2,477 0.2 2,828 0.2
Pakistan 7,729 0.9 6,374 0.8 7,123 0.7 8,324 0.7 10,561 0.8
Poland 4,126 0.5 3,511 0.4 3,261 0.3 4,854 0.4 5,048 0.4
Saudi Arabia 5,795 0.7 4,607 0.6 4,908 0.5 6,951 0.6 7,642 0.6
Singapore 8,189 0.9 9,943 1.2 57,788 5.9 45,206 3.9 12,732 1.0
South Africa 1,753 0.2 1,794 0.2 2,274 0.2 3,279 0.3 3,307 0.3
South Korea 3,488 0.4 3,870 0.5 3,511 0.4 4,994 0.4 5,654 0.5
Spain 7,149 0.8 5,034 0.6 5,691 0.6 7,601 0.7 7,272 0.6
Sweden 6,426 0.7 4,477 0.5 6,236 0.6 8,699 0.7 7,853 0.6
Switzerland 7,471 0.9 5,672 0.7 7,489 0.8 9,661 0.8 12,803 1.0
Syrian Arab Republic 12,160 1.4 15,156 1.9 14,089 1.4 14,291 1.2 13,614 1.1
Taiwan, Peoples Rep. of China 1,873 0.2 2,422 0.3 3,015 0.3 2,504 0.2 3,226 0.3
Thailand 8,110 0.9 7,570 0.9 8,117 0.8 8,893 0.8 11,791 0.9
Turkey 12,618 1.4 12,919 1.6 18,522 1.9 16,695 1.4 17,798 1.4
Ukraine 6,392 0.7 4,819 0.6 6,429 0.7 7,519 0.6 7,361 0.6
Other 58,085 6.6 50,767 6.2 64,680 6.6 108,200 9.3 109,186 8.8
European Union (EU) (c) 328,662 37.4 313,500 38.5 325,056 33.3 395,381 33.9 411,864 33.0
Asian Clearing Union (ACU) (d) 72,326 8.2 67,013 8.2 88,344 9.1 97,019 8.3 122,143 9.8
SAARC Region (e) 60,734 6.9 50,654 6.2 69,738 7.2 77,396 6.6 97,234 7.8
Middle East (f) 99,419 11.3 96,826 11.9 117,980 12.1 121,238 10.4 126,249 10.1
APTA Region (g) 56,379 6.4 50,294 6.2 69,036 7.1 78,882 6.8 99,723 8.0
BIMST-EC (h) 55,969 6.4 47,609 5.8 65,679 6.7 71,507 6.1 91,652 7.3
C.I.S. Countries (i) 35,143 4.0 31,087 3.8 41,573 4.3 47,780 4.1 50,650 4.1
(a) The countries which are not mentioned have relatively smaller amounts of exports. Sources : National Gem and Jewellery Authority
(b) Provisional Sri Lanka Customs
(c) Members of the European Union are Austria, Belgium - Luxembourg, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Central Bank of Sri Lanka
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta,
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovania, Sweden, Spain and U.K.
(d) Members of the Asian Clearing Union are Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
(e) South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation. Its members are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
(f) Middle Eastern countries are Baharain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, UAE and Yemen.
(g) Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement. Its members are Bangladesh, China, India, Laos, South Korea and Sri Lanka.
(h) Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Co-operation. Its members are Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand and Sri Lanka.
(i) Members of the Commonwealth of Independent States are Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhastan, Kyrgyztan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan,
Ukraine and Uzbekistan.
79
Direction of Trade Imports(a) 2008 2012
Rs. Million
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 (b)

Group of Countries
Value Share Value Share Value Share Value Share Value Share
Largest Import Origins

India 373,449 24.5 209,179 17.8 290,523 19.1 489,882 21.9 464,413 19.0
China, Peoples Republic of : 120,737 7.9 118,268 10.1 140,210 9.2 231,309 10.3 340,283 13.9
Singapore 134,952 8.8 122,486 10.4 177,133 11.6 234,834 10.5 214,696 8.8
United Arab Emirates 46,273 3.0 46,909 4.0 55,851 3.7 72,534 3.2 164,449 6.7
Malaysia 38,842 2.5 33,083 2.8 43,487 2.9 75,683 3.4 103,513 4.2
Iran 129,381 8.5 103,106 8.8 102,475 6.7 177,170 7.9 99,295 4.1
Hong Kong 75,248 4.9 59,448 5.1 65,539 4.3 69,871 3.1 77,205 3.2
Japan 46,147 3.0 25,739 2.2 66,042 4.3 113,285 5.1 70,417 2.9
South Korea 22,948 1.5 23,362 2.0 30,414 2.0 35,509 1.6 68,404 2.8
Thailand 32,353 2.1 31,107 2.7 35,676 2.3 53,273 2.4 58,498 2.4
Other Import Origins
Australia 21,379 1.4 16,825 1.4 22,553 1.5 28,560 1.3 26,601 1.1
Austria 8,392 0.5 3,362 0.3 2,578 0.2 3,730 0.2 5,262 0.2
Belgium - Luxembourg 36,114 2.4 29,503 2.5 29,311 1.9 44,823 2.0 46,231 1.9
Brazil 1,309 0.1 5,618 0.5 6,530 0.4 5,189 0.2 13,149 0.5
Canada 41,092 2.7 31,733 2.7 31,515 2.1 41,744 1.9 42,087 1.7
Denmark 4,086 0.3 3,167 0.3 3,067 0.2 3,543 0.2 4,604 0.2
Egypt 4,598 0.3 2,545 0.2 1,052 0.1 1,432 0.1 4,641 0.2
France 19,818 1.3 11,619 1.0 17,062 1.1 20,033 0.9 16,735 0.7
Germany 30,490 2.0 28,372 2.4 28,592 1.9 37,540 1.7 40,748 1.7
Indonesia 30,993 2.0 23,501 2.0 23,612 1.6 38,265 1.7 53,381 2.2
Israel 7,687 0.5 4,685 0.4 5,093 0.3 7,104 0.3 10,690 0.4
Italy 24,907 1.6 19,219 1.6 22,613 1.5 33,236 1.5 37,561 1.5
Netherland 11,176 0.7 8,382 0.7 13,434 0.9 9,071 0.4 10,053 0.4
New Zealands 26,715 1.7 9,796 0.8 8,045 0.5 30,175 1.3 31,201 1.3
Oman 1,093 0.1 1,438 0.1 10,179 0.7 22,604 1.0 13,486 0.6
Pakistan 20,847 1.4 22,592 1.9 31,857 2.1 36,911 1.6 45,091 1.8
Qatar 4,646 0.3 4,141 0.4 4,516 0.3 7,661 0.3 9,879 0.4
Russia 614 0.0 369 0.0 2,983 0.2 8,222 0.4 11,582 0.5
Spain 3,693 0.2 2,506 0.2 2,163 0.1 3,287 0.1 4,628 0.2
Saudi Arabia 19,298 1.3 14,667 1.3 30,935 2.0 21,100 0.9 57,313 2.3
Sweden 11,469 0.8 3,798 0.3 5,605 0.4 6,470 0.3 9,816 0.4
Switserland 16,961 1.1 13,861 1.2 17,329 1.1 74,552 3.3 29,860 1.2
Taiwan, Peoples Rep. of China 27,220 1.8 23,158 2.0 29,858 2.0 38,937 1.7 46,631 1.9
Turkey 6,588 0.4 3,862 0.3 3,428 0.2 6,138 0.3 6,515 0.3
United Kingdom 27,086 1.8 29,171 2.5 30,154 2.0 33,557 1.5 37,945 1.6
United States of America 30,239 2.0 29,776 2.5 18,994 1.2 29,406 1.3 29,839 1.2
Ukraine 5,773 0.4 1,103 0.1 213 2,083 0.1 13,584 0.6
Vietnam 3,039 0.2 8,084 0.7 4,952 0.3 10,887 0.5 12,610 0.5
Other 58,898 3.9 43,661 3.7 105,252 6.9 81,414 3.6 114,866 4.7
European Union (EU) (c) 190,639 12.5 147,434 12.6 166,295 10.9 205,178 9.2 227,141 9.3
Asian Clearing Union (ACU) (d) 525,770 34.4 339,547 28.9 428,426 28.2 709,803 31.7 614,723 25.1
SAARC Region (e) 397,233 26.0 236,157 20.1 325,325 21.4 531,786 23.7 514,969 21.0
Middle East (f) 217,703 14.3 180,332 15.4 214,711 14.1 320,685 14.3 364,399 14.9
APTA Region (g) 518,115 33.9 352,484 30.0 462,573 30.4 764,003 34.1 876,486 35.8
BIMST-EC (h) 407,894 26.7 242,935 20.7 328,392 21.6 546,716 24.4 526,779 21.5
C.I.S. Countries (i) 8,407 0.6 1,367 0.1 3,170 0.2 11,511 0.5 27,331 1.1
(a) The countries which are not mentioned have relatively smaller amounts of imports. Sources : Ceylon Petroleum Corporation
(b) Provisional Lanka IOC PLC
Prima Ceylon Ltd.
(c) Members of the European Union are Austria, Belgium - Luxembourg, Bulgaria, Cyprus,
Serendib Flour Mills (Pvt) Ltd.
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Sri Lanka Customs
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak
Republic, Slovania, Sweden, Spain and U.K.
(d) Members of the Asian Clearing Union are Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
(e) South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation. Its members are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
(f) Middle Eastern countries are Baharain, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, UAE and Yemen.
(g) Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement. Its members are Bangladesh, China, India, Laos, South Korea and Sri Lanka.
(h) Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation. Its members are Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand
and Sri Lanka.
(i) Members of the Commonwealth of Independent States are Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhastan, Kyrgyztan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan.
80
Central Bank Trade Indices Volume(a) 2008 2012 (2010 = 100)
Category 2008 2009 2010 2011(b) 2012(c)
Total Exports 135.2 115.3 100.0 110.2 109.7

Agricultural Exports 92.2 89.1 100.0 97.5 92.0
Tea 94.8 86.3 100.0 98.2 93.5
Rubber 90.5 98.5 100.0 83.1 69.6
Coconut Products 89.0 117.0 100.0 116.3 110.0
Minor Agricultural Products 88.6 75.3 100.0 144.2 132.9
Industrial Products 156.0 129.0 100.0 118.2 119.9
Textiles and Garments 100.4 93.2 100.0 113.5 109.8
Petroleum Products 70.9 61.5 100.0 134.8 115.3
Rubber Based Products 94.6 74.3 100.0 117.0 112.6
Mineral Products 86.4 90.2 100.0 110.0 106.7
Total Imports 121.5 83.6 100.0 123.6 124.2
Consumer Goods 115.8 76.0 100.0 125.6 111.9
Food and Beverages 116.6 87.1 100.0 108.5 100.1
Other Consumer Goods 114.9 63.2 100.0 145.2 125.3
Intermediate Goods 117.3 87.9 100.0 123.3 118.2
Textiles 110.9 92.3 100.0 111.7 114.3
Fertilizer 210.2 70.1 100.0 122.9 97.0
Chemicals 113.9 93.0 100.0 115.8 116.9
Wheat and Maize 142.1 100.5 100.0 117.9 102.0
Investment Goods 144.5 77.0 100.0 128.3 156.1
Machinery and Equipment 157.2 74.9 100.0 125.6 171.4
Transport Equipment 129.7 57.5 100.0 144.4 147.6
Building Materials 134.5 94.3 100.0 121.2 137.6
(a) Trade indices were revised with a wide coverage and 2010 as the base year. In order to accommodate the Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
variability arising from a monthly frequency, in computing the monthly trade indices, first the volume index
is computed as a Laspeyres index and then the unit value index is derived as the ratio between the value index
and the volume index. This methodology avoids the subjective imputation of prices that would be required in
deriving a price index first when certain items are not exported or imported in a particular month.
(b) Revised
(c) Provisional Table 8.8
Central Bank Trade Indices Value(a) 2008 2012 (2010 = 100)
Category 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(b)
Total Exports 90.1 83.5 100.0 119.8 127.8

Tea 84.5 83.7 100.0 101.3 110.8
Rubber 69.1 57.8 100.0 116.5 80.3
Total Imports 100.6 77.3 100.0 147.9 161.0
Consumer Goods 77.7 64.2 100.0 144.4 136.2
Textiles 94.7 85.9 100.0 125.4 141.6
Fertilizer 229.9 76.8 100.0 165.7 146.8
Chemicals 93.5 84.3 100.0 132.1 145.5
Wheat and Maize 144.8 103.0 100.0 157.9 154.5
(a) Trade indices were with a wide coverage and 2010 as the base year and calculated in terms of rupees. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
In order to accommodate the variability arising from a monthly frequency, in computing the monthly trade
indices, first the volume index is computed as a Laspeyres index and then the unit value index is derived as the ratio between the value index and the
volume index. This methodology avoids the subjective imputation of prices that would be required in deriving a price index first when certain items are
not exported or imported in a particular month.
(b) Provisional 81
Central Bank Trade Indices Unit Value(a) 2008 2012 (2010 = 100)
Category 2008 2009 2010 2011(b) 2012(c)
Total Exports 66.6 72.4 100.0 108.7 116.4

Tea 89.2 97.0 100.0 103.1 118.6
Rubber 76.4 58.7 100.0 140.3 115.5
Total Imports 82.8 92.5 100.0 119.7 129.7
Consumer Goods 67.1 84.5 100.0 115.0 121.7
Textiles 85.4 93.1 100.0 112.3 123.8
Fertilizer 109.4 109.6 100.0 134.8 151.3
Chemicals 82.1 90.7 100.0 114.1 124.5
Wheat and Maize 101.9 102.5 100.0 133.9 151.5
Terms of Trade 80.4 78.3 100.0 90.9 89.8
(a) Trade indices were revised with a wide coverage and 2010 as the base year and calculated in terms of rupees. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
In order to accommodate the variability arising from a monthly frequency, in computing the monthly trade
indices, first the volume index is computed as a Laspeyres index and then the unit value index is derived as the ratio between the value index and the
volume index. This methodology avoids the subjective imputation of prices that would be required in deriving a price index first when certain items are
not exported or imported in a particular month.
(b) Revised
(c) Provisional
Table 8.10
Exchange Rates Year End 2003 2012
Sri Lanka Rupees per Unit of Foreign Currency
Country Currency 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Australia Dollar 72.49 81.54 74.70 85.22 95.58 78.05 101.99 112.88 115.58 132.24
Canada Dollar 74.75 86.87 87.75 92.83 111.01 92.76 109.29 110.90 111.58 127.83
Denmark Kroner 16.33 19.13 16.21 18.98 21.49 21.40 22.00 19.79 19.83 22.54
European Union Euro 121.60 142.32 120.96 141.58 160.27 159.45 163.72 147.56 147.42 168.13
Hongkong Dollar 12.46 13.45 13.17 13.86 13.94 14.60 14.75 14.26 14.66 16.40
India Rupee 2.12 2.40 2.27 2.44 2.77 2.36 2.46 2.48 2.15 2.33
Japan Yen 0.90 1.02 0.87 0.91 0.97 1.25 1.24 1.36 1.47 1.48
Kuwait Dinar 328.16 354.92 349.56 372.50 398.05 409.56 398.27 394.12 408.73 452.16
Malaysia Ringgit 25.46 27.53 27.02 30.49 32.87 32.58 33.33 35.98 35.83 41.57
New Zealand Dollar 63.48 75.26 69.80 76.02 84.21 65.39 81.85 85.63 88.01 104.81
Norway Kroner 14.44 17.27 15.07 17.15 20.13 16.13 19.64 18.86 18.97 22.79
Pakistan Rupee 1.69 1.77 1.71 1.76 1.77 1.44 1.36 1.29 1.27 1.31
Saudi Arabia Riyal 25.79 27.89 27.23 28.72 28.99 30.15 30.49 29.59 30.37 33.91
Singapore Dollar 56.86 63.98 61.32 70.21 75.37 78.60 81.32 86.14 87.58 104.01
South Africa Rand 14.56 18.51 16.13 15.43 15.98 12.07 15.39 16.74 13.93 15.01
Sweden Kroner 13.39 15.78 12.85 15.66 17.01 14.59 15.83 16.45 16.50 19.56
Switzerland Franc 77.97 92.19 77.69 88.14 96.75 106.94 110.08 118.51 121.02 139.28
United Arab Emirates Dirham 26.34 28.48 27.80 29.33 29.60 30.80 31.14 30.21 31.01 34.62
United Kingdom Pound 172.20 201.37 175.94 211.29 217.15 163.28 181.75 171.41 175.45 205.47
United States of America Dollar 96.74 104.61 102.12 107.71 108.72 113.14 114.38 110.95 113.90 127.16
82
External Trade and Finance Table 8.11(A)
Balance of Payments(a) 2003 2012
Rs. million
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011(b) 2012(c)
Trade Balance -148,324 -227,171 -253,082 -350,037 -404,703 -647,207 -358,707 -545,350 -1,073,900
-1,195,368
Exports 495,426 583,967 638,276 716,579 845,683 878,499 813,911 974,387 1,167,588 1,245,531
Imports 643,750 811,138 891,359 1,066,615 1,250,386 1,525,705 1,172,618 1,519,737 2,241,488 2,440,899
Services (net) 38,443 42,735 34,043 26,660 33,357 43,557 44,780 79,766 121,635 159,321
Receipts 136,123 154,746 154,877 168,802 196,249 217,180 217,378 279,634 340,977 483,502
Payments 97,680 112,011 120,833 142,142 162,892 173,623 172,598 199,868 219,342 324,181
Income (net) -16,535 -20,688 -30,049 -40,424 -39,054 -105,032 -55,814 -69,776 -72,041 -148,419
Receipts 16,385 15,813 3,629 32,457 50,213 -3,133 13,551 36,508 51,102 38,675
Payments 32,920 36,501 33,678 72,881 89,267 101,899 69,365 106,284 123,143 187,094
Goods, Services and Income (net) -126,416 -205,124 -249,088 -363,801 -410,401 -708,681 -369,740 -535,360
-1,024,306
-1,184,466
Current Transfers (net) 119,791 139,710 183,842 208,385 255,684 288,639 345,498 413,885 513,216 688,613
Private Transfers (net) 116,350 136,672 174,542 197,861 245,006 277,711 336,578 407,967 506,630 681,714
Receipts 136,475 158,291 197,968 224,678 276,814 316,091 382,818 465,166 569,103 763,980
Payments 20,125 21,619 23,426 26,817 31,808 38,380 46,240 57,199 62,473 82,266
Official Transfers (net) 3,441 3,038 9,300 10,524 10,677 10,928 8,920 5,918 6,587 6,899
Current Account Balance -6,625 -65,414 -65,246 -155,416 -154,717 -420,042 -24,242 -121,475 -511,090 -495,853
Capital and Financial Account (net) 69,723 60,539 123,866 190,768 230,978 193,713 299,381 322,035 458,639 630,769
Capital Account (net) 7,146 4,974 25,108 30,292 29,669 31,456 26,832 18,521 18,126 16,951
Capital Transfers (net) 7,146 4,974 25,108 30,292 29,669 31,456 26,832 18,521 18,126 16,951
Receipts 7,768 5,643 25,863 31,171 30,735 32,774 28,465 20,599 20,382 18,884
Payments 622 669 755 879 1,066 1,319 1,633 2,078 2,256 1,933
Financial Account 62,577 55,565 98,757 160,477 201,309 162,258 272,550 303,515 440,513 613,818
Long-term (net) 69,721 69,805 80,391 95,089 140,054 109,174 149,772 268,228 364,307 372,682
Direct Investment 19,450 22,826 23,505 46,985 60,768 74,837 44,112 49,008 99,265 103,456
Foreign Direct Investment (net) 16,557 21,948 23,505 46,985 60,768 74,837 44,112 49,008 99,265 103,456
Privatisation Proceeds 2,893 878
Private Long-term (net) -3,201 2,270 1,054 -3,590 3,314 7,768 9,105 17,569 19,489 73,262
Inflows 9,738 17,503 19,739 14,469 22,033 28,693 44,795 65,934 34,376 115,351
Outflows 12,939 15,233 18,685 18,058 18,719 20,925 35,691 48,365 14,887 42,089
Government Long-term (net) 53,472 44,709 55,832 51,694 75,971 26,568 96,555 201,650 245,553 195,964
Inflows 88,106 78,299 75,309 97,690 144,146 114,658 204,435 276,582 333,307 372,580
Outflows 34,634 33,590 19,477 45,996 68,175 88,090 107,880 74,932 87,754 176,617
Short-term (net) 2,086 3,623 7,743 2,311 53,861 47,052 182,911 -82,412 -20,073 60,869
Portfolio Investment (net) 209 1,109 6,103 5,377 11,249 6,460 -785 -26,010 -18,979 38,681
Private Short-term (net) 1,877 2,514 1,640 -3,066 1,868 63,987 26,108 -116,655 -26,887 -82,583
Government Short-term (net) 40,744 -23,395 157,588 60,252 25,794 104,772
Commercial Bank (net) -9,231 -17,863 10,623 63,076 7,394 6,031 -60,134 117,699 96,279 180,267
Commercial Bank Assets (net) -9,090 -45,367 -19,669 23,789 -31,352 17,889 -51,298 33,343 14,724 -46,801
Commercial Bank Liabilities (net) (d) -141 27,504 30,292 39,287 38,746 -11,858 -8,836 84,356 81,555 227,067
Allocations of SDRs (e) 58,353
Errors and Omissions -14,487 -2,599 -10,494 -1,830 -16,259 80,534 40,082 -112,586 -53,399 -62,279
Overall Balance 48,610 -7,474 48,125 33,523 60,002 -145,795 315,221 87,974 -105,850 72,638
Monetary Movements -48,610 7,474 -48,125 -33,523 -60,002 145,795 -315,221 -87,974 105,850 -72,638
Average Exchange Rate Rs./US $ 96.52 101.19 100.50 103.96 110.62 108.33 114.94 113.06 110.57 127.60
Ratio to GDP in percentages (f) (g)
Trade Account -8.4 -10.9 -10.3 -11.9 -11.3 -14.7 -7.4 -9.7 -16.4 -15.8
Current Account -0.4 -3.1 -2.7 -5.3 -4.3 -9.5 -0.5 -2.2 -7.8 -6.5
Current Account without Grants -0.6 -3.3 -3.0 -5.7 -4.6 9.8 -0.7 -2.3 -7.9 -6.6
(a) This presentation conforms as far as possible to the Balance of Payments Manual, 5th Edition Sources : Board of Investments of Sri Lanka
(1993) of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). In addition, beginning 1994, Offshore Colombo Stock Exchange
Banking Units have been treated as a part of the domestic banking system. Department of Census and Statistics
(b) Revised External Resources Department
Sri Lanka Customs
(c) Provisional Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(d) Commercial Bank liabilities include US dollars 973 million inflows in the form of long-term
foreign borrowings in 2012.
(e) General and special allocations of Special Drawings Rights (SDRs) by the IMF.
(f) Based on GDP at current market prices published by the Department of Census and Statistics.
(g) Ratios calculated in rupee values and US dollar values differ due to variations in exchange
rates during the year.
83
External Trade and Finance Table 8.11(B)
Balance of Payments(a) 2003 2012
US dollars million
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011(b) 2012(c)
Trade Balance -1,539 -2,243 -2,516 -3,370 -3,656 -5,981 -3,122 -4,825 -9,710 -9,409
Exports 5,133 5,757 6,347 6,883 7,640 8,111 7,085 8,626 10,559 9,774
Imports 6,672 8,000 8,863 10,253 11,296 14,091 10,207 13,451 20,269 19,183
Services (net) 399 419 338 257 302 401 391 707 1,099 1,250
Receipts 1,411 1,527 1,540 1,625 1,775 2,004 1,892 2,474 3,084 3,788
Payments 1,012 1,108 1,202 1,368 1,472 1,603 1,501 1,768 1,985 2,538
Income (net) -172 -204 -299 -389 -358 -972 -488 -617 -647 -1,148
Receipts 170 157 35 311 449 -32 116 323 467 321
Payments 341 360 335 700 807 940 603 940 1,114 1,469
Goods, Services and Income (net) -1,312 -2,028 -2,478 -3,503 -3,712 -6,552 -3,219 -4,735 -9,258 -9,307
Current Transfers (net) 1,241 1,380 1,828 2,004 2,311 2,666 3,005 3,660 4,643 5,392
Private Transfers (net) 1,205 1,350 1,736 1,904 2,214 2,565 2,927 3,608 4,583 5,339
Receipts 1,414 1,564 1,968 2,161 2,502 2,918 3,330 4,116 5,145 5,985
Payments 209 214 233 257 288 353 403 508 562 646
Official Transfers (net) 36 30 93 101 97 101 77 52 60 53
Current Account Balance -71 -648 -650 -1,499 -1,402 -3,886 -214 -1,075 -4,615 -3,915
Capital and Financial Account (net) 722 631 1,224 1,808 2,097 1,773 2,594 2,877 4,262 4,684
Capital Account (net) 74 64 250 291 269 291 233 164 164 130
Capital Transfers (net) 74 64 250 291 269 291 233 164 164 130
Receipts 81 71 257 299 278 303 247 182 185 146
Payments 6 7 7 8 10 12 14 19 20 15
Financial Account 648 567 974 1,517 1,828 1,483 2,361 2,713 4,098 4,554
Long-term (net) 722 680 798 907 1,251 1,016 1,304 2,379 3,308 2,872
Direct Investment 201 227 234 451 548 691 384 435 896 813
Foreign Direct Investment (net) 171 217 234 451 548 691 384 435 896 813
Privatisation Proceeds 30 10
Private Long-term (net) -33 14 11 -35 31 74 79 149 175 562
Inflows 101 169 197 139 199 265 390 580 310 891
Outflows 134 155 186 174 168 191 311 431 135 329
Government Long-term (net) 554 439 553 491 672 252 840 1,796 2,237 1,497
Inflows 913 771 747 932 1,290 1,059 1,780 2,460 3,026 2,869
Outflows 359 331 194 441 618 807 940 665 789 1,372
Short-term (net) 21 39 77 21 493 441 1,590 -730 -181 486
Portfolio Investment (net) 2 11 60 51 101 60 -6 -230 -171 305
Private Short-term (net) 19 28 16 -30 20 594 228 -1,032 -243 -663
Government Short-term (net) 372 -213 1,369 531 233 843
Commercial Bank (net) -96 -152 100 590 83 26 -533 1,064 971 1,196
Commercial Bank Assets (net) -94 -354 -223 297 -281 210 -435 249 183 -239
Commercial Bank Liabilities (net) (d) -2 202 323 293 364 -185 -98 815 788 1,435
Allocations of SDRs (e) 508
Errors and Omissions
Overall Balance -148 -189 -72 -105 -165 728 346 -881 -708 -617
Monetary Movements 502 -205 501 204 531 -1,385 2,725 921 -1,061 151
Average Exchange Rate Rs./US $ -502 205 -501 -204 -531 1,385 -2,725 -921 1,061 -151
Ratio to GDP in percentages (f) (g) 96.52 101.19 100.50 103.96 110.62 108.33 114.94 113.06 110.57 127.60
Trade Account -8.4 -10.9 -10.3 -11.9 -11.3 -14.7 -7.4 -9.7 -16.4 -15.8
Current Account -0.4 -3.1 -2.7 -5.3 -4.3 -9.5 -0.5 -2.2 -7.8 -6.6
Current Account without Grants -0.6 -3.3 -3.0 -5.7 -4.6 -9.8 -0.7 -2.3 -7.9 -6.7
(a) This presentation conforms as far as possible to the Balance of Payments Manual, 5th Edition Sources : Board of Investments of Sri Lanka
(1993) of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). In addition, beginning 1994, Offshore Colombo Stock Exchange
Banking Units have been treated as a part of the domestic banking system. Department of Census and Statistics
(b) Revised External Resources Department
(c) Provisional Sri Lanka Customs
(d) Commercial Bank liabilities include US dollars 973 million inflows in the form of long-term Central Bank of Sri Lanka
foreign borrowings in 2012.
(e) General and special allocations of Special Drawings Rights (SDRs) by the IMF.
(f) Based on GDP at current market prices published by the Department of Census and Statistics.
(g) Ratios calculated in rupee values and US dollar values differ due to variations in exchange
rates during the year.
84
Financing of the External Resource Gap 2008 2012
Category 2008 2009 2010 2011(a)

2012(b) 2008 2009 2010 2011(a) 2012(b)
US dollars million Rs. million
1. Foreign Receipts 13,001 12,423 15,539 19,254 19,868 1,408,637 1,427,658 1,755,695 2,128,769 2,531,688
1.1 Exports 8,111 7,085 8,626 10,559 9,774 878,499 813,911 974,387 1,167,588 1,245,531
1.2 Services 2,004 1,892 2,474 3,084 3,788 217,180 217,378 279,634 340,977 483,502
1.3 Income -32 116 323 467 321 -3,133 13,551 36,508 51,102 38,675
1.4 Current Private Transfers 2,918 3,330 4,116 5,145 5,985 316,091 382,818 465,166 569,103 763,980
2. Foreign Payments 20,758 16,868 21,585 28,970 32,371 2,253,654 1,939,181 2,433,232 3,209,926 4,139,358
2.1 Imports 14,091 10,207 13,451 20,269 19,183 1,525,705 1,172,618 1,519,737 2,241,488 2,440,899
2.2 Services 1,603 1,501 1,768 1,985 2,538 173,623 172,598 199,868 219,342 324,181
2.3 Income 940 603 940 1,114 1,469 101,899 69,365 106,284 123,143 187,094
2.4 Private Current Transfers 353 403 508 562 646 38,380 46,240 57,199 62,473 82,266
2.5 Private Capital Transfers 12 14 19 20 15 1,319 1,633 2,078 2,256 1,933
2.6 Capital Repayments (c) 3,420 3,303 4,058 4,520 7,927 371,309 379,285 458,066 500,460 1,011,354
2.7 Investment Outflows (d) 550 401 1,091 683 353 59,308 46,145 123,343 75,488 44,831
2.8 Commercial Banks -210 435 -249 -183 239 -17,889 51,298 -33,343 -14,724 46,801
3. External Resources Gap -7,757 -4,445 -6,046 -9,717 -12,502 -845,016 -511,523 -677,538 -1,081,157
-1,607,669
4. Financing of Resources Gap 7,757 4,445 6,046 9,717 12,502 845,016 511,523 677,538 1,081,157 1,607,669
4.1 Government 1,949 3,870 3,841 4,383 5,258 210,828 444,757 432,845 483,533 675,347
Grants 381 298 203 204 152 41,222 34,385 22,909 22,519 19,811
Long-term Borrowings 1,059 1,780 2,460 3,026 2,869 114,658 204,435 276,582 333,307 372,580
Treasury Bills and Bonds 509 1,791 1,178 1,153 2,236 54,948 205,937 133,354 127,707 282,956
4.2 Private Sector 3,596 2,833 3,928 4,928 7,908 396,797 327,964 436,406 539,485 1,054,168
Direct Investment 752 404 478 956 898 81,503 46,411 53,817 105,899 114,316
Portfolio Investment 548 375 819 452 574 59,101 43,061 92,524 49,875 72,652
Private Long-term Borrowings 264 390 579 310 891 28,693 44,795 65,934 34,376 115,351
Trade Credits 2,216 1,762 1,237 2,422 4,110 239,357 202,533 139,774 267,780 524,781
Commercial Banks Liabilities -185 -98 815 788 1,435 -11,858 -8,836 84,356 81,555 227,067
4.3 Other 1,485 -2,604 -843 1,113 -46 156,857 -301,281 -79,127 111,538 -59,567
IMF Drawings (e) 658 658 484 832 75,447 74,325 53,328 110,475
Allocations of SDRs (f) 508 58,353
Private Capital Transfers 23 26 32 40 47 2,480 2,999 3,608 4,450 5,972
Asian Clearing Union 360 -320 326 205 -587 42,965 -35,540 34,487 25,714 -61,102
External Official Assets 1,107 -3,465 -1,839 448 -357 111,244 -400,989 -185,671 29,855 -134,849
Other -6 -13 -20 -64 19 167 -1,552 -5,877 -1,808 19,937
4.4 Balancing Items 728 346 -881 -708 -617 80,534 40,082 -112,586 -53,399 -62,279
Valuation Adjustments
Errors and Omissions 728 346 -881 -708 -617 80,534 40,082 -112,586 -53,399 -62,279
5. Pressure on Balance of Payments (g) 59.7 35.8 38.9 50.5 62.9 60.0 35.8 38.6 50.8 63.5
(a) Revised Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka

(b) Provisional
(c) Includes Capital Repayments of Private Sector long-term and short-term borrowings, government
long-term and short-term borrowings and International Monetary Fund (IMF) Repayments.
(d) Includes Foreign Direct Investment Outflows and Portfolio Investment Outflows.
(e) Includes receipts under the Stand-by Arrangement facility of IMF in 2009, 2010 and 2011. Sri Lanka
rupee and US dollar values include revaluation effects due to changes in the IMF representative rate of
the Special Drawing Rights (SDRs).
(f) Includes general and special allocations of SDRs by IMF.
(g) Index indicating pressure on the Balance of Payments is derived as follows :
- Item 3
100
Item 1
85
Workers Remittances 2003 2012
Region 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Rs. million
Middle East 77,579 87,871 111,179 128,282 160,502 189,039 229,298 279,688 335,201 428,593
European Union 24,364 28,987 35,914 42,686 55,346 56,901 69,287 81,905 97,886 136,752
Far East Asia 6,634 7,696 8,736 11,458 14,943 18,967 23,351 27,922 44,390 64,938
Europe Other 10,929 13,003 13,589 14,828 14,943 13,909 17,035 20,011 25,610 35,143
North America 8,691 10,643 12,734 12,356 11,623 12,329 14,546 15,823 17,073 22,155
South East Asia 2,588 3,204 3,883 5,392 8,302 9,800 11,484 16,288 22,764 33,615
Australia and New Zealand 1,581 2,319 2,912 2,921 3,597 6,006 6,508 9,307 11,382 16,808
South Asia 1,134 1,294 1,941 2,247 2,767 3,477 4,594 6,515 5,691 11,460
South & Central America 1,391 1,501 1,941 2,247 2,214 2,529 3,254 3,956 4,553 6,112
Other 1,547 1,772 2,427 2,247 2,491 3,161 3,445 3,956 4,553 8,404

Total 136,475 158,291 195,256 224,663 276,728 316,118 382,801 465,372 569,103 763,980

US dollars million
Middle East 804 868 1,089 1,234 1,451 1,745 1,995 2,474 3,030 3,358
European Union 253 286 355 411 500 525 603 724 885 1,071
Far East Asia 69 76 86 110 135 175 203 247 401 509
Europe Other 113 129 135 143 135 128 148 177 232 275
North America 90 105 125 119 105 114 127 140 154 174
South East Asia 27 32 38 52 75 90 100 144 206 263
Australia and New Zealand 16 23 29 28 33 55 57 82 103 132
South Asia 12 13 19 22 25 32 40 58 51 90
South & Central America 14 15 19 22 20 23 28 35 41 48
Other 16 18 24 22 23 29 30 35 41 66

Total 1,414 1,564 1,919 2,161 2,502 2,918 3,330 4,116 5,145 5,985
Percentage Share
Middle East 56.9 55.5 56.8 57.1 58.0 59.8 59.9 60.1 58.9 56.1
European Union 17.9 18.3 18.5 19.0 20.0 18.0 18.1 17.6 17.2 17.9
Far East Asia 4.9 4.9 4.5 5.1 5.4 6.0 6.1 6.0 7.8 8.5
Europe Other 8.1 8.2 7.0 6.6 5.4 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.5 4.6
North America 6.4 6.7 6.5 5.5 4.2 3.9 3.8 3.4 3.0 2.9
South East Asia 1.9 2.0 2.0 2.4 3.0 3.1 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.4
Australia and New Zealand 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.9 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.2
South Asia 0.8 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.0 1.5
South & Central America 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8
Other 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.1

Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
(a) Provisional. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
86
Tourism 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Total Tourist Arrivals 500,642 566,202 549,308 559,603 494,008 438,475 447,890 654,476 855,975
1,005,605

Tourist Arrivals by Region
Europe 265,802 298,776 236,481 242,666 220,021 196,627 196,433 292,378 365,630 445,464
Asia 177,351 198,068 223,351 242,132 202,480 173,042 174,534 244,124 333,841 380,289
North America 25,110 29,759 46,457 35,323 28,355 24,311 24,948 40,216 49,057 59,236
Australasia (b) 22,965 26,540 29,738 25,127 22,924 21,839 26,068 37,290 46,467 57,776
Middle East 6,789 10,463 10,236 10,345 13,554 16,776 23,741 37,540 56,330 56,169
Africa 1,991 1,855 2,340 3,235 2,712 2,141 1,549 2,308 3,614 5,045
Latin America & Caribbeans 634 741 705 775 3,962 3,739 617 620 1,036 1,626

Tourist Arrivals by Purpose of Visits
Pleasure 404,327 442,534 382,321 392,766 331,238 321,079 358,188 516,538 663,343 748,436
Business 45,558 59,961 92,879 96,981 52,116 37,261 38,473 83,270 68,097 90,040
Other 50,553 63,707 74,108 69,856 110,654 80,135 51,229 54,668 124,535 167,129

Excursionist Arrivals 82,066 110,000 119,618 128,719 98,432 87,695 89,526 112,497 119,875 126,523

Total Charter Carrier Arrivals 16,446 22,231 5,223 5,116 8,489 12,915 5,451 7,765 14,721 n.a.

Establishments Providing
Accommodation 498 585 626 749 758 834 871 783 906 894
Graded Establishments 233 240 223 241 245 256 242 253 252 269
Rooms 14,137 14,322 13,162 14,218 14,604 14,793 14,461 14,714 14,653 15,510
Beds 26,511 26,818 24,740 27,117 27,500 28,698 28,344 28,978 28,844 30,880
Supplementary Establishments 265 345 415 508 513 578 629 530 654 625
Rooms 2,836 3,318 3,962 4,989 5,030 5,319 5,946 5,895 6,141 6,632
Beds 4,820 5,640 6,537 8,232 8,299 9,712 11,654 11,210 11,668 13,176

Annual Room Occupancy Rate, % 53.2 59.3 45.4 47.8 46.2 43.9 48.4 70.2 77.1 71.2

Employment in Tourist Industry 112,226 129,038 125,004 133,558 145,238 123,134 124,970 132,055 138,685 162,869
Direct Employment 46,761 53,766 52,085 55,649 60,516 51,306 52,071 55,023 57,786 67,862
Estimated Indirect Employment 65,465 75,272 72,919 77,909 84,722 71,828 72,899 77,032 80,899 95,007

Gross Tourist Receipts
Rs. Mn. 42,549 52,126 43,151 42,586 42,571 37,094 40,133 65,018 91,926 132,427
US $ Mn. 441 513 429 410 385 342 350 575 830 1,039
(a) Provisional. Sources : Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority

(b) Includes Australia, New Zealand and other countries. Central Bank of Sri Lanka
n.a. Not available

Note : The term tourist is used to describe visitors who spend one night or more in the country.
The term excursionist identifies those who do not make an overnight stay but spend several hours in the country.
87
External Debt and Debt Service Payments 2003 2012
Rs. million
Category 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011(a) 2012(b)
External Debt
Medium and Long-term Debt 978,556 1,119,155 1,091,644 1,222,175 1,400,883 1,543,952 1,780,313 2,088,449 2,535,643 3,138,860
Government 852,433 996,203 955,207 1,103,418 1,272,846 1,424,729 1,574,933 1,783,728 2,092,132 2,484,877
Public Corporations and
Private Sector 90,570 95,930 97,500 92,441 96,054 100,145 123,178 159,311 188,614 334,976
With Government Guarantee 58,251 52,986 57,912 50,065 37,501 28,429 12,608 57,398 72,480 75,653
Without Government Guarantee 32,319 42,944 39,588 42,376 58,553 71,715 110,570 101,913 175,338 259,324
IMF Drawings (c) 35,552 27,023 38,937 26,316 27,933 19,079 82,201 145,410 195,693 319,006
Short-term Debt 59,935 67,726 67,759 68,286 120,748 165,207 354,341 290,149 448,376 615,025
Total Debt Outstanding 1,038,491 1,186,881 1,159,403 1,290,461 1,521,581 1,709,159 2,134,654 2,378,598 2,984,019 3,753,884
% of GDP (d) 57.0 65.9 55.3 43.9 42.5 38.8 44.1 42.4 45.6 49.5
Debt Service Payments (e) 277,297 230,616 208,984 192,613 368,115

Amortization 228,488 189,621 138,941 114,285 242,341
Interest Payments 48,809 40,995 70,043 78,328 125,774

Earnings from Exports of
Merchandise and Services 1,095,679 1,031,289 1,254,021 1,508,565 1,729,033

Receipts from Exports of
Merchandise, Services Income
and Current Transfers 1,419,565 1,436,578 1,761,613 2,135,356 2,538,587
Debt Service Ratio

Debt Service as a % of
Exports and Services 25.3 22.4 16.7 12.8 21.3
Debt Service as a % of Exports,
Services, Income and Current Transfers 19.5 16.1 11.9 9.0 14.5
Government Debt Service Payments

(as a % of Total Debt Service Payments) 81.6 74.5 65.3 84.4 76.6
(a) Revised Sources : External Resources Department

(c) Includes drawings under the International Monetary Fund (IMF) Stand-by Arrangement facility of 2009.
(d) Based on GDP at current market prices published by the Department of Census and Statistics.
(e) External debt service payments were reclassified from 2008 onwards to capture debt servicing of
government securities (i.e., foreign holding of Treasury bonds) in accordance with the External Debt
Statistics Manual (2003) of the International Monetary Fund.
88
Money and Capital Markets Table 9.1
Reserve Money 2003 2012
Rs. Million
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Reserve Money
Currency Holdings 98,785 115,909 132,437 157,240 173,364 186,099 217,430 255,652 293,233 318,060
Public 85,601 99,669 114,070 135,020 147,183 155,023 181,840 216,549 242,871 251,539
Commercial Banks 13,184 16,240 18,367 22,220 26,181 31,076 35,590 39,104 50,362 66,522

Commercial Banks Deposits
with the Central Bank 42,639 55,048 65,478 82,606 91,046 82,308 86,086 104,853 146,269 166,288
Deposits of Govt. Agencies

with the Central Bank 20 7 12 8 3 15 22 6 2 14
Total (Reserve Money) 141,444 170,964 197,927 239,854 264,413 268,422 303,537 360,511 439,504 484,362

Factors Determining Reserve Money

Net Foreign Assets of
the Central Bank 164,596 151,694 196,925 229,860 292,927 148,157 412,202 505,463 340,090 396,468
Foreign Assets 278,426 284,608 334,459 360,564 440,327 325,439 685,659 862,534 838,607 965,910
Less: Foreign Liabilities 113,850 132,919 137,536 130,707 147,407 177,295 273,481 357,069 498,543 569,454
Net Credit to Govt. by

the Central Bank 42,149 108,144 74,423 112,942 101,079 217,352 109,005 76,894 262,742 278,843
Gross Credit 42,718 108,667 75,343 114,290 102,492 218,582 111,331 79,977 264,540 279,529
Government &
Govt. Guaranteed Securities 11,514 73,876 35,597 65,275 41,813 142,275 37,451 2,098 169,797 168,237
Advances 31,204 34,791 39,746 49,015 60,679 76,308 73,881 77,879 94,743 111,292
Cash Items in Collection 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Less: Govt. Deposits with
the Central Bank 569 523 920 1,348 1,413 1,231 2,326 3,083 1,797 686
Central Bank Credit to

Financial Institutions 30 30 2,468 2,487 2,094 21,150 1,137 2,460 2,132 1,022
Net Other Assets of

the Central Bank -65,328 -88,899 -75,883 -105,425 -131,679 -118,234 -218,807 -224,306 -165,461 -191,970
Other Assets 12,415 13,591 14,217 14,944 16,998 19,443 17,722 22,037 22,323 30,961
Less: Other Liabilities 77,744 102,492 90,102 120,370 148,677 137,677 236,528 246,343 187,784 222,931

Total (Reserve Money) 141,447 170,967 197,932 239,863 264,419 268,425 303,537 360,511 439,504 484,362
89
Money Supply 2003 2012
Rs. Million
Item 2003 2004 2005(a) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Monetary Aggregates
Currency in Circulation 98,785 115,909 132,437 157,240 173,364 186,099 217,430 255,652 293,233 318,060
Held by the Government 1 1 1 1 1
Held by Commercial banks 13,184 16,240 18,367 22,220 26,181 31,076 35,590 39,104 50,362 66,522
Held by the Public 85,601 99,669 114,070 135,019 147,182 155,023 181,840 216,549 242,871 251,539
Demand Deposits 218,277 263,803 308,283 338,041 366,164 386,520 428,429 593,437 771,688 867,583
Held by the Government 15,375 17,628 24,666 32,045 35,812 24,527 22,722 37,690 35,488 26,084
Held by Commercial Banks 126,867 157,390 166,985 181,330 210,942 239,693 250,837 365,104 540,364 642,989
Held by the Public 76,034 88,784 116,632 124,666 119,409 122,300 154,870 190,643 195,836 198,510

Narrow Money Supply (M1) 161,635 188,453 230,701 259,685 266,592 277,323 336,710 407,192 438,707 450,049
Quasi-Money (b)
Held in Rupee Deposits 419,111 499,511 592,230 733,580 881,150 1,004,871 1,200,045 1,405,808 1,753,896 2,143,136
Held in Rupee and
Foreign Currency Deposits 556,219 670,191 791,576 944,866 1,137,426 1,245,453 1,469,459 1,684,216 2,053,032 2,479,021
Broad Money Supply (M2) (c) 580,747 687,964 822,931 993,264 1,147,742 1,282,194 1,536,755 1,813,000 2,192,603 2,593,185
Consolidated Broad Money Supply (M2b)(d) 717,855 858,644 1,022,277 1,204,550 1,404,019 1,522,776 1,806,169 2,091,408 2,491,740 2,929,070
Underlying Factors M2
Net External Banking Assets 129,487 129,153 167,147 185,005 225,989 88,760 358,554 390,284 150,916 112,395
Domestic Credit 602,897 734,605 864,393 1,138,805 1,303,305 1,582,340 1,630,858 1,920,515 2,628,418 3,176,184
Net Credit to Government 143,444 181,111 168,049 256,553 261,654 471,839 513,843 494,804 735,562 912,850
By Central Bank 42,149 108,144 74,423 112,942 101,079 217,352 109,005 76,894 262,742 278,843
By Commercial Banks (e) 101,295 72,967 93,625 143,611 160,575 254,488 404,838 417,911 472,819 634,007
Public Corporations 28,879 27,258 15,651 25,410 11,659 15,085 73,233 91,927 71,385 91,258
Co-operatives 1,365 1,148 1,256 1,135 1,464 1,948 1,830 1,829 2,131 2,453
Other Private 429,210 525,088 679,437 855,706 1,028,528 1,093,468 1,041,952 1,331,955 1,819,341 2,169,624
Gross Credit to Private Sector 430,575 526,236 680,693 856,842 1,029,993 1,095,416 1,043,782 1,333,784 1,821,472 2,172,076
Other items (Net) (e) -151,638 -175,793 -208,608 -330,545 -381,552 -388,906 -452,658 -497,799 -586,730 -695,395

Total: Broad Money Supply (M2) 580,747 687,964 822,931 993,264 1,147,742 1,282,194 1,536,755 1,813,000 2,192,603 2,593,185

Reserve Money 141,447 170,967 197,932 239,863 264,419 268,425 303,537 360,511 439,504 484,362
Money Supply (12 Month Average)

M1 147,059 173,515 212,448 239,142 260,587 270,541 284,673 362,717 426,005 437,590
M2 541,608 628,826 753,613 901,941 1,070,029 1,212,736 1,400,494 1,662,475 2,008,806 2,398,836
M2b 664,682 778,412 933,945 1,105,268 1,308,878 1,465,236 1,665,465 1,920,181 2,291,879 2,752,434

Money Multiplier (f) : of M1 1.14 1.10 1.17 1.08 1.01 1.03 1.11 1.13 1.00 0.93
of M2 4.11 4.02 4.16 4.14 4.34 4.78 5.06 5.03 4.99 5.35
of M2b 5.08 5.02 5.16 5.02 5.31 5.67 5.95 5.80 5.67 6.05
Velocity of Money (g)
of M1 12.39 12.05 11.55 12.29 13.73 16.30 16.99 15.45 15.36 17.33
of M2 3.36 3.32 3.25 3.26 3.34 3.64 3.45 3.37 3.26 3.16
of M2b 2.74 2.69 2.63 2.66 2.73 3.01 2.90 2.92 2.86 2.75
Note: Monetary data from 1990 have been reclassified to be consistent with the standard international practice. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(a) Includes assets/liabilities of National Development Bank which merged with NDB Bank Ltd., with effect from August 2005.
(b) Time and Savings Deposits held by the Public with Commercial Banks.
(c) Total Narrow Money (Currency + Demand deposits held by the public) + Time and Saving deposits (Rupees) held by the public.
(d) Total Narrow Money + Total Quasi Money (Rupee and foreign currency deposits held by the public with commercial Banks).
(e) Restructuring bonds worth Rs.19,392.6 million, which were issued by the government to the two state banks, have been converted to
Treasury bonds upon their maturity in October 2006. This amount, which previously appeared under Other Assets has been included in
Treasury Bonds since October 2006.
(f) Ratio of Money Supply to Reserve Money.
(g) Ratio of GDP to Money Supply (Average).
90
Broad Money Supply (M2b) 2003 2012
Rs. Million
Item 2003 2004 2005(a) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Narrow Money Supply (M1) 161,635 188,453 230,701 259,685 266,592 277,323 336,710 407,192 438,707 450,049
Currency 85,601 99,669 114,070 135,020 147,183 155,023 181,840 216,549 242,871 251,539
Demand Deposits 76,034 88,784 116,632 124,665 119,409 122,300 154,870 190,643 195,836 198,510
Quasi Money (QM) 556,219 670,191 791,576 944,866 1,137,426 1,245,453 1,469,459 1,684,216 2,053,032 2,479,021
Domestic Banking Units 506,951 619,778 734,769 884,291 1,058,934 1,175,802 1,395,205 1,599,421 1,971,706 2,366,037
Foreign Currency Banking Units 49,269 50,413 56,807 60,574 78,493 69,651 74,254 84,796 81,326 112,984
Broad Money Supply M2b (M1+QM) 717,855 858,644 1,022,277 1,204,550 1,404,019 1,522,776 1,806,169 2,091,408 2,491,740 2,929,070
Net Foreign Assets 167,093 170,218 201,330 171,191 227,992 77,700 401,880 377,442 98,057 -25,831
Monetary Authorities 164,596 151,694 196,925 229,860 292,927 148,157 412,202 505,463 340,090 396,468
Commercial Banks (b) 2,497 18,523 4,405 -58,669 -64,935 -70,457 -10,323 -128,021 -242,033 -422,300
Domestic Banking Units -11,764 4,029 -13,926 -29,455 -16,602 -14,534 -6,768 -66,558 -63,757 -121,879
Foreign Currency Banking Units 14,261 14,495 18,330 -29,214 -48,333 -55,923 -3,555 -61,464 -178,276 -300,421
Net Domestic Assets 550,760 688,427 820,948 1,033,360 1,176,027 1,445,076 1,404,288 1,713,966 2,393,683 2,954,902
Domestic Credit 731,872 895,942 1,067,385 1,382,003 1,607,786 1,897,499 1,907,748 2,262,861 3,037,970 3,696,131
Claims on Government (Net) 176,236 220,462 249,565 357,289 374,101 582,907 640,326 627,185 833,610 1,045,232
Monetary Authorities 42,149 108,144 74,423 112,942 101,079 217,352 109,005 76,894 262,742 278,843
Domestic Banking Units 101,295 72,967 93,625 143,611 160,575 254,488 404,838 417,911 472,819 634,007
Credit to Public Corporations 36,192 41,171 16,672 31,555 49,167 46,991 73,233 144,578 198,500 292,477
Domestic Banking Units 28,879 27,258 15,651 25,410 11,659 15,085 73,233 91,927 71,385 91,258
Foreign Currency Banking Units 7,313 13,912 1,021 6,145 37,508 31,905 0 52,651 127,115 201,219
Credit to Private Sector 519,444 634,310 801,149 993,159 1,184,519 1,267,601 1,194,189 1,491,099 2,005,860 2,358,421
Domestic Banking Units 430,575 526,236 680,693 856,842 1,029,993 1,095,416 1,043,782 1,333,784 1,821,472 2,172,076
Other Items (Net) (b) -181,112 -207,515 -246,438 -348,644 -431,759 -452,423 -503,460 -548,895 -644,287 -741,229
Monetary Authorities and
Domestic Banking Units -87,144 -82,097 -81,921 -195,233 -254,104 -262,838 -304,379 -352,808 -494,337 -634,688
Foreign Currency Banking Units -93,967 -125,419 -164,517 -153,410 -177,655 -189,585 -199,080 -196,087 -149,950 -106,541
Broad Money Supply M2b 717,855 858,644 1,022,277 1,204,550 1,404,019 1,522,776 1,806,169 2,091,408 2,491,740 2,929,070
(a) Includes assets / liabilities of National Development Bank which merged with NDB Bank Ltd., Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
with effect from August 2005.
(b) Restructuring bonds worth Rs. 19,392.6 million, which were issued by the government to the
two state banks have been converted to Treasury bonds upon their maturity in October 2006.
This amount, which previously appeared under Other Assets has been included in Net Credit to
Government since October 2006.
91
Interest Rates 2003 2012
Per centum per annum
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Central Bank Advance Rate (Bank Rate) 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00 15.00
Repo Overnight 7.00 7.50 8.75 10.00 10.50 10.50 7.50 7.25 7.00 7.50
Reverse Repo Overnight 8.50 9.00 10.25 11.50 12.00 12.00 9.75 9.00 8.50 9.50
Inter-bank Call Loans 7.40 -8.00 9.25 -11.00 10.50 -11.13 12.75 -15.38 16.00 -40.00 12.25 -20.00 7.75-9.25 7.75-8.35 8.50-9.22 9.50-9.85
Treasury Bill Yield Rates (Year end)
Primary Market
3 Months 7.35 7.25 10.10 12.76 21.30 17.33 7.73 7.24 8.68 10.00
6 Months 7.30 7.40 10.32 12.78 19.99 18.57 8.73 7.35 8.71 11.32
12 Months 7.24 7.65 10.37 12.96 19.96 19.12 9.33 7.55 9.31 11.69
Treasury Bonds, Yield to Maturity
2 Year Bonds 7.57 8.25(Dec) 10.69(Nov) 12.92(Nov) 15.50(Nov) 20.53(Dec) 9.55(Dec) 8.27(Aug) 7.77(Feb) 13.62(Jul)
3 Year Bonds 7.64 8.60(Nov) 11.22(Dec) 12.16(Oct) 15.99(Oct) 20.54(Dec) 12.83( Jul ) 8.15(Dec) 7.99(Jan) 13.50(May)
4 Year Bonds 7.66 8.95(Oct) 11.25(Dec) 12.25(Oct) 14.32(Apr) 20.34(Dec) 9.78(Dec) 8.60(Dec) 8.20(Jul) 14.10(Jul)
5 Year Bonds 7.69 8.06(May) 11.10(Dec) 12.36(Oct) 15.55(Nov) 17.00(Sep) 10.32(Oct) 8.76(Sep) 8.60(Jun) 14.15(Jun)
6 Year Bonds 7.73 16.05(Nov) 9.92(Oct) 8.93(Sep) 8.85(Oct) 14.25(Jul)
Secondary Market
3 Months 7.27 7.21 10.04 12.70 20.37 7.78 7.26 8.60 10.10
6 Months 7.20 7.33 10.22 12.73 20.13 18.36 8.78 7.36 8.78 11.30
12 Months 7.19 7.59 10.31 13.07 20.11 19.03 9.58 7.55 9.25 11.65
Rupee Securities Rate 8.00-13.00 8.90 8.90-11.00 10.60 11.0-19.00 14.00
Commercial Bank Deposit Rates
Savings 2.10 -7.25 3.00 -7.75 3.00 -10.25 3.00 -10.50 3.00 -16.50 3.00 -16.50 1.50-10.50 1.50-9.50 1.00-8.50 0.75-10.50
AWDR 5.27 5.31 6.24 7.60 10.31 11.63 8.01 6.23 7.24 10.10
Fixed Deposits
3 Months 4.00-7.13 4.00-9.25 5.00-13.00 5.75-14.00 8.50-19.50 9.50-20.00 3.00-19.00 4.75-8.50 4.75-11.25 5.00-16.25
6 Months 5.00-7.25 4.50-9.50 5.50-11.25 6.00-13.75 6.50-19.25 13.00-19.00 6.00-18.00 5.00-9.75 5.50-11.00 5.00-16.25
12 Months 5.00-7.75 5.50-9.75 5.50-11.50 5.50-14.00 8.50-20.00 8.50-20.25 7.25-19.00 5.05-17.00 5.55-11.00 5.00-17.00
AWFDR 7.11 7.67 9.25 11.50 15.49 16.89 10.91 8.20 8.95 13.21
NSB Deposit Rates
Savings 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
Fixed Deposits
6 Months 6.50 7.80 8.80 11.25 15.50 15.50 8.50 7.50 7.50 13.00
12 Months 7.00 8.00 9.00 11.00 15.00 15.00 9.50 8.50 8.50 12.50
Commercial Bank Advance Rates
Prime Lending Rate 8.95 10.17 12.14 14.74 17.00 19.17 11.12 9.27 10.49 14.29
Loans Secured by Government Securities 6.75 -20.00 7.00 -20.00 10.00-22.50 12.50-27.00 13.00 -30.00 13.00 -30.00 9.00-24.00 9.00-22.00 6.85-22.00 9.00-21.00
Unsecured Loans 7.00 -30.00 7.00 -30.00 7.00 -33.00 6.00 -33.00 6.00 -37.43 6.00 -39.00 6.00-40.80 6.00-35.00 6.00-35.00 7.00-32.00
Bills Purchased and Discounted 7.00 -19.00 7.50 -20.75 7.00 -31.00 7.10-20.50 7.10 -25.50 6.00 -26.50 4.58-24.00 5.25-20.00 4.55-20.00 4.70-22.00
International Interest Rates (Period Average)

LIBOR on US dollar Deposits
Overnight 1.19 1.40 3.25 5.02 5.15 2.31 0.23 0.23 0.16 0.15
7-Days 1.20 1.44 3.30 5.05 5.19 2.56 0.28 0.26 0.20 0.19
1-Month 1.21 1.50 3.38 5.09 5.25 2.67 0.33 0.27 0.23 0.24
3-Months 1.22 1.62 3.56 5.19 5.30 2.91 0.69 0.34 0.34 0.43
6-Months 1.23 1.79 3.76 5.27 5.25 3.05 1.12 0.52 0.51 0.69
1-Year 1.36 2.12 4.02 5.32 5.12 3.08 1.57 0.92 0.83 1.01
LIBOR on 3-Months Deposits
Euro 2.33 2.11 2.18 3.08 4.28 4.63 1.23 0.81 1.39 0.57
Japanese Yen 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.30 0.79 0.92 0.48 0.23 0.19 0.19
Swiss Franc 0.33 0.47 0.80 1.52 2.55 2.58 0.38 0.19 0.12 0.07
Pound Sterling (Paris Market) 3.73 4.64 4.76 4.85 6.00 5.51 1.21 0.70 0.87 0.83
US Treasury Bill Rate
- 3 Months 1.01 1.37 3.15 4.72 4.41 1.46 0.16 0.13 0.06 0.09
Note : Domestic Interest rates represent the year end position. Sources : International Financial Statistics, March 2013
LIBOR : London Inter Bank Offer Rate
AWDR : Average Weighted Deposit Rate
AWFDR : Average Weighted Fixed Deposit Rate
92
Government Debt Market 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
2012(a)
Treasury Bills
Primary Market
Amount Issued / Sold, Rs. Mn. 342,847 469,973 485,769 627,866 817,188 779,576 821,211
1,000,069
1,164,570
1,649,984
Purchased by Central Bank 49,380 135,257 107,909 164,863 222,861 183,727 190,326 133,823 217,584 485,332
Others 293,467 334,716 377,860 463,003 594,327 595,849 630,885 866,246 946,986
1,164,652
Weighted Average Price, Rs. - Year End
(Per Rs. 100 worth Treasury bill)
3 Months 98.20 98.22 97.54 96.91 94.94 95.85 98.12 98.22 97.88 97.56
6 Months 96.48 96.43 95.09 93.99 90.91 91.54 95.86 96.45 95.83 94.64
12 Months 93.25 92.89 90.60 88.51 83.36 83.98 91.47 92.98 91.48 89.54
Weighted Average Yield, % - Year End
3 Months 7.35 7.25 10.11 12.76 21.30 17.33 7.67 7.24 8.68 10.00
6 Months 7.30 7.40 10.32 12.78 19.99 18.49 8.65 7.35 8.71 11.32
12 Months 7.24 7.65 10.37 12.98 19.96 19.08 9.32 7.55 9.31 11.69
Weighted Average Yield, % - Average
3 Months 9.13 8.46 10.07 10.65 16.61 18.54 11.43 7.84 7.28 10.72
6 Months 9.04 8.44 9.40 10.68 16.81 18.45 12.18 8.41 7.21 12.29
12 Months 9.02 8.55 9.88 10.89 16.23 18.89 12.76 8.42 7.41 12.14
Overall Average 9.07 8.49 9.96 10.69 16.57 18.59 12.25 8.31 7.31 11.81
Central Bank Secondary Treasury Bill Market
Sales (Discounts), Rs. Mn. 3,037 2,266 36,972 34,800 110,940 26,608 70,185 13,250 18,448
Purchases (Re-discounts), Rs. Mn. 6,270 8,038
Outstanding Treasury Bills by Ownership, Rs. Mn.
Central Bank 13,365 78,162 38,951 69,370 44,964 163,584 37,451 2,993 169,797 154,005
Employees Provident Fund 5,198 5,000 5,659 4,793 5,208 1 420 5,969 33,410
Other Provident Funds 906 805 42 166 55 15 1,279 122
Savings Institutions 36,534 31,513 39,938 33,456 32,046 20,791 42,677 52,541 58,733 61,972
Insurance & Finance Companies 7,742 562 18,034 5,963 8,623 10,988 7,192 12,072 11,010 19,097
Departments & Other Official Funds 6,898 9,957 19,574 28,173 29,481 16,431 21,452 20,636 5,968 2,566
Other 104,016 77,206 72,867 63,131 117,707 102,882 171,757 199,858 158,344 138,149
Foreign Investors (b) 6,358 40,410 57,317 70,123 80,184
Total 219,295 243,886 234,174 257,732 307,012 408,958 481,441 571,759 661,009 709,254
Treasury Bonds
Amount Subscribed, Rs. Mn. 214,797 217,198 229,550 310,148 401,185 488,737 701,438 508,576 602,951
847,899(c)
Yield to Maturity, %
2 Year Bonds 10.75 9.78 10.62 12.47 15.21 18.95 16.32 9.46 7.77 11.30
3 Year Bonds 9.69 9.83 11.19 10.96 15.36 18.44 17.01 9.01 7.99 11.11
4 Year Bonds 9.97 9.61 11.08 11.01 13.88 17.87 14.29 9.65 8.23 11.58
5 Year Bonds 10.97 10.31 10.83 11.05 15.28 17.00 11.20 9.31 8.55 13.32
6 Year Bonds 9.56 9.30 10.90 15.44 12.09 9.43 8.70 11.84
7 Year Bonds 9.19 8.84 12.50
8 Year Bonds 9.15 8.91 14.40
9 Year Bonds 9.00
10 Year Bonds 8.72 11.11 11.63 13.39 9.59 9.15 14.00
12 Year Bonds 9.10
15 Year Bonds 9.01 9.30
20 Year Bonds 6.66 11.00
Rupee Securities
Amount Subscribed, Rs. Mn. 38,419 50,363 43,679 23 23,592 1,904
Rate of Interest, % 13 813 911 1011 1019 14
Outstanding Securities by Ownership, Rs. Mn.
Employees Provident Fund 130,319 74,308 56,068 56,068 68,921 68,539 56,583 40,921 23,100 23,100
Other Provident Funds 7,144 5,425 6,105 6,132 12,320 12,327 11,417 10,369 7,358 7,358
Other 19,564 16,126 11,490 11,488 14,460 14,452 8,221 6,636 6,101 5,190
Total 248,414 164,758 140,562 116,713 131,509 130,009 112,292 87,709 61,961 58,386
(a) Provisional Sources : Ministry of Finance and Planning

(b) Includes diaspora investments. Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(c) Excludes T-bonds issued to CPC.
93
Share Market Indicators 2003 2012

Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011(a) 2012(b)
Turnover, Rs. Mn. 73,837 59,052 114,599 105,154 104,985 110,453 142,463 570,327 546,256 213,827
Daily Turnover Average, Rs. Mn. 308 246 482 436 436 464 594 2,396 2,286 884
No. of Trades 481,267 645,083 1,100,451 952,382 876,928 776,244 1,266,299 3,355,126 4,579,352 1,857,384
No. of Shares Traded, Mn. 2,255 2,752 5,128 3,912 2,887 3,155 4,763 18,489 24,544 9,691
Traded Shares as a % of Total Listed Shares 27.6 27.6 25.3 17.0 11.5 11.9 16.7 45.3 42.4 13.6
Turnover as a % of GDP 4.1 2.8 4.7 3.6 2.9 2.5 2.9 10.2 8.3 2.8
Turnover as a % of Market Capitalization 28.1 15.4 19.6 12.6 12.8 22.6 13.0 25.8 24.7 9.8

Non-National Transactions (Net), Rs. Mn. 210 1,106 6,145 5,377 11,254 13,951 -789 -26,335 -19,039 38,661
Purchases 13,944 11,276 27,712 37,167 46,797 66,632 43,057 92,426 49,777 72,614
Sales 13,734 10,172 21,568 31,790 35,543 52,682 43,846 118,761 68,816 33,954

Total Number of Shares Listed, Mn. (c) 8,171 9,966 20,276 22,956 25,067 26,521 28,555 40,791 57,894 71,276
Value (at par) of Shares, Rs. Mn. 76,555 85,966 110,587
Market Capitalization, Rs. Bn. (c) 262.8 382.1 584.0 834.8 820.7 488.8 1,092.1 2,210.5 2,213.9 2,167.6
Market Capitalization as a % of GDP 14.4 18.3 23.8 28.4 22.9 11.1 22.6 39.4 33.8 28.9

No. of New Shares Offered, Mn. 273 298 1,079 349 0 377 45 455 1,460 201
Value of New Shares, Rs. Mn. (d) 4,420 3,878 9,698 500 0 2,006 1,219 4,347 19,156 1,739
No. of New Issues 8 5 6 3 0 3 3 8 13 6

No. of Listed Companies 244 242 239 237 235 235 231 241 272 287

CSE All Share Price Index
(1985 = 100) 1,062.1 1,506.9 1,922.2 2,722.4 2,541.0 1,503.0 3,385.6 6,635.9 6,074.4 5,643.0
CSE Milanka Price Index (e)

(1998 = 1,000) 1,897.8 2,073.7 2,451.1 3,711.8 3,291.9 1,631.3 3,849.4 7,061.5 5,229.2 5,119.1

S&P Sri Lanka 20 Index (f)
(2004 = 1,000) 3,085.3
Market Price Earning Ratio (PER) (c) 11.1 10.8 12.4 14.0 11.6 5.4 16.6 25.2 15.8 15.9

Market Dividend Yield (c), % 3.1 3.2 2.7 2.2 2.5 5.6 3.0 1.2 1.8 2.4
Market Price to Book Value Ratio (c) 1.1 1.3 1.7 2.0 1.8 0.8 1.7 3.0 2.0 2.1

GDP at Market Prices, Rs. Mn. 1,822,468 2,090,841 2,452,782 2,938,680 3,578,688 4,410,682 4,835,293 5,604,104 6,544,009 7,582,376
(a) Revised Sources : Colombo Stock Exchange

(c) As at end of December
(d) Par value and premium
(e) Introduced in January 1999 replacing the Sensitive Price Index
(f) The S&P Sri Lanka 20 Index (S&P SL20) was introduced in June 2012.
94
Share Issues 2009 2012

2009 2010 2011 (a) 2012 (b)
No. No. No. No.

Issue and Sector of Shares Value of Shares Value of Shares Value of Shares Value
Issues 000 Rs. 000 Issues 000 Rs. 000 Issues 000 Rs. 000 Issues 000 Rs. 000
New Listing (c)

Banks, Finance & Insurance 1 3,100 55,800 1 5,200 114,400 5 477,667 8,315,001 1 118,316 295,790
Beverages, Food & Tobacco 2 200,000 470,000 1 19,929 318,858
Close End Funds 1 10,752 537,580
Diversified Holdings 5 682,312 8,721,797
Manufacturing 1 80,000 1,200,000
Footwear & Textiles 1 16,700 250,500
Information Technology 1 57,233 629,566
Investment & Trusts
Power & Energy 1 31,300 626,000 2 162,000 2,855,000 1 200,000 600,000 1 25,000 350,000
Construction & Engineering 1 20,000 500,000
Hotels & Travels 3 37,557 593,648
Services 1 14,000 28,000
Total 3 45,152 1,219,380 8 455,133 4,347,466 13 1,459,907 19,155,655 6 200,873 1,739,438

Right Issues
Banks, Finance & Insurance 4 80,111 1,095,458 5 822,860 2,613,169 10 784,509 19,327,613 6 402,943 3,949,279
Beverages, Food & Tobacco 2 33,500 1,375,000 2 20,800 1,059,965 1 2,160 648,000 3 201,373 2,493,433
Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals 2 144,428 382,285 1 4,156 228,559
Construction & Engineering 1 900 9,000 1 108,639 3,585,096 1 53,100 1,327,500
Diversified Holdings 2 27,697 896,417
Footwear & Textiles 1 12,500 912,500 2 228,742 3,457,649
Healthcare 1 2,352 118,432
Hotels & Travels 2 20,421 153,421 4 407,206 7,114,054 3 80,405 2,932,264 1 3,039 110,929
Information Technology
Investment Trust 3 124,203 2,484,051 1 69,544 2,086,330 1 25,163 503,256 2 2,500 200,000
Land & Property 2 290,070 4,751,950 2 177,662 1,850,607 1 1,619 129,533
Manufacturing 5 137,119 821,614 1 8,039 305,474 1 1,610 111,069
Motors 1 1,014 50,691 1 1,516 197,039
Oil Palms
Plantations 3 39,822 727,573 1 26,977 323,721
Power & Energy 1 54,110 216,439 1 44,392 155,371
Services
Stores & Supplies
Telecommunication
Trading
Total 13 261,487 5,235,362 28 2,108,113 24,321,666 22 1,162,891 28,019,691 19 913,193 10,930,983

Bonus Issues (d)(e)
Banks, Finance & Insurance 1 132,432 1,324,320 4 45,702 1,126,036
Beverages, Food & Tobacco
Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals
Construction & Engineering 1 3,422 34,219
Diversified Holdings 1 3,851 496,397
Footwear & Textiles
Healthcare 1 5,645 402,545
Hotels & Travels 1 6,004 60,043
Information Technology
Investment Trust 2 3,541 429,843
Land & Property 1 3,500 35,002 1 35,635 311,808
Manufacturing 3 45,425 1,099,115 2 64,495 772,347
Motors
Oil Palms 1 2,000 271,880
Plantations
Power & Energy
Services
Stores & Supplies
Telecommunication
Trading
Total 10 198,899 4,084,143 7 113,067 1,933,384 2 39,057 346,027
(a) Revised (d) No Bonus Issues in 2009. Source : Colombo Stock Exchange
(b) Provisional (e) Including Capitalization of Reserves.
(c) Excluding new listings which were introduced
by way of introductions,
95
Share Trading Indicators by
Indicator Banks, Beverages, Construction Chemicals Diversified Footwear Hotels

& Insurance Food & & & Pharmac Holdings & & T
Quarter & Finance Tobacco Engineering euticals Textiles Travels
Shares Traded, 000
2011
1st Quarter 1,578,748.1 199,792.5 28,695.8 168,779.8 459,828.1 29,010.7 137,889.8
2nd Quarter 1,699,236.2 116,331.5 13,384.9 63,428.9 692,305.0 12,176.7 123,310.7
3rd Quarter 1,720,257.6 323,991.9 12,662.9 218,597.3 1,023,803.5 26,171.2 186,617.4
4th Quarter 571,249.8 132,576.7 4,490.4 45,088.5 294,000.7 5,988.0 86,579.9

2012
1st Quarter 848,557.8 76,349.7 8,712.9 68,696.0 435,106.5 17,243.6 159,518.0
2nd Quarter 575,327.0 59,742.6 12,234.8 28,305.6 228,878.0 15,342.5 178,561.6
3rd Quarter 793,742.8 103,471.4 49,923.4 59,780.1 565,134.0 73,061.9 243,581.2
4th Quarter 341,611.1 46,955.8 25,135.3 25,854.8 550,121.0 7,026.3 54,271.9
Turnover, Rs. 000
2011
1st Quarter 45,123,010.9 13,499,142.4 2,404,001.0 4,812,745.1 22,700,310.3 1,477,857.0 7,715,990.3
2nd Quarter 35,488,476.7 7,142,808.7 1,178,065.0 2,890,048.4 17,196,591.3 626,581.0 6,202,168.6
3rd Quarter 29,127,880.8 12,780,156.2 686,994.7 1,703,944.4 27,644,618.1 1,088,618.7 9,382,451.9
4th Quarter 15,204,402.4 4,882,299.4 236,280.1 577,426.1 12,334,840.9 361,305.9 3,334,145.8

2012
1st Quarter 19,086,246.4 4,194,761.4 284,827.1 1,910,049.3 36,483,452.6 653,406.6 2,856,328.1
2nd Quarter 8,065,901.5 2,350,578.1 226,867.9 517,430.8 14,087,035.3 161,261.6 2,877,995.2
3rd Quarter 14,685,359.7 3,481,612.6 895,921.5 688,164.4 16,000,245.9 1,691,138.6 3,623,622.5
4th Quarter 10,075,190.2 3,332,793.4 685,896.7 263,505.2 11,865,596.9 223,699.9 987,699.7
No. of Trades
2011 1st Quarter 295,683 91,681 24,966 23,763 86,981 22,670 117,437
2nd Quarter 309,976 42,937 20,007 17,487 94,123 13,487 66,282
3rd Quarter 301,411 98,423 9,795 23,691 160,153 18,984 74,103
4th Quarter 150,426 60,052 4,058 8,364 54,237 10,498 38,331

2012 1st Quarter 146,850 28,891 5,764 7,968 46,454 9,764 32,958
2nd Quarter 90,261 26,013 7,106 5,878 32,581 4,945 32,156
3rd Quarter 169,374 42,805 17,342 10,009 60,377 8,356 72,538
4th Quarter 91,139 17,793 7,045 5,622 31,003 3,818 28,132

Market Capitalization, Rs. Bn.
2011 1st Quarter 534.7 291.9 19.0 31.9 515.3 10.3 197.0
2nd Quarter 519.4 284.7 24.1 32.7 513.9 10.1 183.0
3rd Quarter 556.3 299.2 24.1 29.9 557.1 10.3 178.9
4th Quarter 499.2 301.8 21.7 25.6 487.0 10.1 160.8

2012 1st Quarter 438.8 291.5 46.5 22.8 464.3 7.3 148.6
2nd Quarter 419.2 319.8 35.1 19.4 438.0 7.1 137.7
3rd Quarter 548.1 358.3 42.8 22.7 509.5 9.3 171.7
4th Quarter 490.6 399.7 37.6 18.8 474.1 10.4 155.3
Note : The above share volume and turnover figures represent only ordinary voting shares.
96
Table 9.8
Business Sector 2011 2012
Investment Land & Manu Motors Oil Plantations Stores Services Trading
Trust Property facturing Palm &
Supplies
71,127.0 118,813.5 941,284.1 5,396.5 1,147.9 129,206.1 450.3 13,029.2 118,646.8

34,046.0 439,433.9 1,173,227.4 5,395.7 5,594.7 40,638.7 1,232.2 7,384.8 165,193.4
49,139.8 525,037.3 1,376,347.5 11,784.3 740.7 30,971.8 432.3 36,617.8 428,296.4
25,811.7 121,110.2 495,281.2 3,253.1 473.0 15,181.8 201.8 18,617.6 126,089.1

185,355.0 63,579.6 399,725.9 5,868.0 146.7 15,024.0 235.9 5,086.8 53,822.6
49,930.1 45,599.4 245,333.5 2,743.3 98.5 34,697.5 92.6 7,857.2 33,723.9
64,721.4 95,036.6 298,407.8 1,889.3 294.8 39,072.5 110.9 15,556.0 63,511.4
670,698.5 43,246.7 113,101.9 734.7 183.0 21,505.0 34.3 3,740.6 15,518.1
8,166,266.5 3,131,315.2 26,938,816.1 2,743,891.2 1,268,756.9 8,032,148.8 1,155,294.6 105,216.3 2,890,936.7

4,422,924.0 13,732,651.6 14,018,830.9 3,569,090.2 6,759,224.2 1,918,928.5 1,419,129.3 313,555.4 5,672,614.9
5,226,136.2 16,934,239.1 18,729,585.2 4,136,387.5 798,206.9 907,335.1 395,125.5 420,678.9 5,496,336.6
1,867,139.5 3,866,721.3 8,154,537.5 1,056,351.5 489,516.9 303,955.0 176,323.7 184,800.0 1,811,237.1

4,454,933.1 1,489,107.0 5,657,087.9 1,516,870.1 139,844.0 316,757.4 137,578.7 49,590.5 507,557.1
805,737.7 799,111.9 2,262,068.1 310,457.9 84,515.3 567,445.4 43,433.1 52,882.3 235,012.1
1,340,530.3 1,709,484.7 3,826,456.1 277,769.7 231,581.4 542,626.2 54,660.4 153,766.2 428,368.8
5,848,405.9 778,639.1 2,156,480.2 125,154.7 139,553.9 388,489.8 16,912.8 37,906.5 118,479.3
110,160 57,844 179,156 7,347 7,055 77,652 4,245 3,704 21,687

62,775 115,425 164,110 9,339 2,689 32,016 6,684 6,112 34,418
62,994 173,843 215,051 16,618 1,594 22,326 3,022 9,291 48,682
40,755 56,593 101,952 4,064 867 12,507 1,623 4,001 27,978

79,023 30,532 84,183 2,679 843 11,922 2,080 1,445 11,399
23,346 17,270 43,922 3,398 977 10,781 2,220 2,426 8,040
27,880 42,216 78,358 5,077 1,332 20,866 2,134 5,929 13,245
15,557 21,073 35,397 2,404 608 13,367 968 2,428 4,972

86.9 33.8 135.9 37.9 147.5 47.9 18.7 7.3 40.5

73.3 41.2 125.3 48.8 137.3 42.1 13.3 8.3 44.4
71.6 49.3 131.5 42.5 141.4 33.4 13.4 8.1 46.1
56.1 43.8 119.5 38.3 137.4 26.6 9.2 6.8 41.0

40.6 35.0 101.0 28.9 119.5 23.3 6.5 5.7 29.2
31.3 31.5 88.7 20.9 111.0 20.8 5.2 5.1 24.6
40.2 39.1 105.7 25.8 109.0 27.7 6.6 8.6 32.5
36.0 35.1 98.5 22.3 104.9 25.2 5.6 7.0 27.4
(Contd.)
97
Share Trading Indicators by
Indicator Banks, Beverages, Construction Chemicals Diversified Footwear Hotels

& Insurance Food & & & Pharmac Holdings & & T
Quarter & Finance Tobacco Engineering euticals Textiles Travels
Price Index High

2011 1st Quarter 17,771.7 12,155.6 4,617.3 14,428.2 2,612.2 1,603.3 5,409.1
2nd Quarter 17,982.1 12,595.7 4,563.4 15,187.2 2,537.4 1,443.2 5,031.6
3rd Quarter 17,030.7 12,384.6 4,024.1 13,370.0 2,305.9 1,352.6 4,671.0
4th Quarter 16,476.8 12,112.4 3,781.1 11,908.6 2,171.6 1,237.4 4,416.1

2012 1st Quarter 13,850.2 12,146.2 3,513.8 11,120.0 1,913.7 1,203.9 3,888.4
2nd Quarter 12,177.6 13,763.9 3,217.1 8,845.4 1,841.2 847.2 3,532.2
3rd Quarter 13,758.1 14,313.4 3,022.0 8,890.1 1,968.7 1,033.8 4,000.9
4th Quarter 13,539.5 15,925.2 3,002.5 8,626.0 1,963.5 964.9 4,001.9

Price Index Low
2011 1st Quarter 16,069.0 11,068.1 4,050.6 10,574.9 2,253.6 1,262.8 4,760.5
2nd Quarter 16,073.6 11,450.5 3,764.1 12,959.3 2,248.0 1,230.5 4,511.9
3rd Quarter 15,625.2 10,897.2 3,567.6 11,705.6 2,149.8 1,108.6 4,149.8
4th Quarter 13,222.0 11,064.3 3,125.2 9,165.7 1,836.3 1,021.1 3,611.0

2012 1st Quarter 11,315.2 10,766.9 2,802.3 8,675.6 1,620.0 829.7 3,075.0
2nd Quarter 10,092.2 11,754.9 2,105.0 7,072.8 1,610.3 674.5 2,968.7
3rd Quarter 10,092.2 12,639.5 2,268.8 6,584.4 1,605.5 721.1 3,161.4
4th Quarter 11,604.6 13,763.1 2,470.6 6,856.8 1,760.8 762.1 3,456.2

Price Index Average
2011 1st Quarter 17,045.5 11,677.1 4,317.7 12,627.8 2,417.0 1,407.8 5,155.6
2nd Quarter 17,042.3 12,142.5 4,142.7 14,208.9 2,424.0 1,339.8 4,824.6
3rd Quarter 16,361.7 11,733.5 3,780.8 12,501.4 2,234.9 1,232.5 4,461.0
4th Quarter 14,505.4 11,707.2 3,396.5 10,296.5 1,984.1 1,133.1 3,984.3

2012 1st Quarter 12,590.4 11,559.0 3,204.0 9,763.7 1,780.3 986.5 3,504.2
2nd Quarter 11,222.1 12,945.0 2,630.2 8,013.1 1,740.0 754.1 3,287.8
3rd Quarter 11,258.5 13,279.7 2,480.6 7,326.0 1,733.7 834.2 3,470.9
4th Quarter 12,314.4 14,337.6 2,700.6 7,519.0 1,826.8 849.4 3,635.6
Market Dividend Yield, %

2011 1st Quarter 2.1 1.6 2.7 1.4 0.6 0.0 0.8
2nd Quarter 2.3 1.8 2.8 1.5 0.8 0.0 0.9
3rd Quarter 2.1 2.2 2.7 1.7 0.9 1.0 1.0
4th Quarter 2.5 2.3 2.9 1.9 1.1 1.2 1.1

2012 1st Quarter 2.7 2.5 2.9 2.3 1.1 1.7 1.2
2nd Quarter 3.3 2.9 3.0 2.7 1.1 1.9 1.2
3rd Quarter 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.0 1.0 2.3 1.3
4th Quarter 3.2 2.4 1.7 2.4 1.1 1.6 2.0

Marker Price Earning Ratio
2011 1st Quarter 17.9 23.8 8.8 17.4 33.8 24.1 100.0
2nd Quarter 17.0 22.2 11.2 17.7 31.4 23.8 91.1
3rd Quarter 14.8 15.4 11.2 10.7 19.9 32.5 31.7
4th Quarter 13.2 15.5 10.1 9.2 17.4 32.1 27.8

2012 1st Quarter 11.6 15.0 21.6 8.2 16.6 23.0 25.7
2nd Quarter 10.1 14.3 14.6 6.7 18.6 0.0 31.9
3rd Quarter 12.9 14.7 17.8 9.4 22.0 0.0 36.4
4th Quarter 10.7 18.9 13.3 7.7 24.9 n.a 37.6

Market Price to Book Value
2011 1st Quarter 2.8 5.6 3.0 2.7 3.7 1.8 3.0
2nd Quarter 2.6 5.4 3.8 2.8 3.6 1.8 2.8
3rd Quarter 2.3 4.2 2.4 1.4 2.0 1.5 2.1
4th Quarter 2.1 4.2 2.2 1.2 1.8 1.4 1.9

2012 1st Quarter 1.8 4.1 4.7 1.1 1.7 1.0 1.7
2nd Quarter 1.5 4.4 2.1 0.9 1.9 1.0 1.7
3rd Quarter 1.9 4.7 2.6 1.4 2.2 1.3 2.0
4th Quarter 1.7 5.8 1.6 1.1 2.1 1.6 2.1
98
Table 9.8 (Contd.)
Business Sector 2011 2012
Investment Land & Manu Motors Oil Plantations Stores Services Trading
Trust Property facturing Palm &
Supplies
88,434.2 565.8 4,368.4 30,611.7

189,233.9 1,904.2 90,623.5 30,608.2 25,180.3
50,469.8 677.9 4,287.6 38,515.9
151,807.0 1,646.1 93,840.3 33,664.1 33,276.3
43,340.7 782.1 3,805.3 34,648.9
139,317.3 1,362.5 56,703.4 31,130.6 28,710.0
39,393.6 711.4 3,617.1 30,860.3
136,200.7 1,080.9 55,118.4 29,727.3 28,455.0

30,762.0 659.1 3,279.3 27,297.0
136,087.0 869.9 37,438.0 25,422.0 24,907.4
21,683.3 510.9 2,701.5 18,764.7
122,166.0 756.1 27,175.2 21,986.9 18,603.7
22,529.3 581.0 2,869.5 19,760.2
111,412.2 901.2 28,961.6 30,110.1 21,869.2
21,376.4 569.6 2,813.7 18,177.0
105,319.5 891.7 27,530.0 28,695.5 20,885.7

35,862.8 494.6 3,656.8 24,627.8 95,894.3 1,388.1 50,920.3 26,352.8 22,296.6

39,255.5 505.4 3,720.5 26,484.6
126,585.1 1,364.1 54,322.5 26,962.9 25,086.3
35,905.1 530.3 3,354.0 29,558.8
130,284.1 1,070.8 41,564.4 26,717.1 24,824.3
29,514.9 586.3 3,076.0 24,232.5
127,558.6 789.7 35,125.8 24,601.6 23,038.5

19,051.0 452.8 2,608.3 20,220.3
113,209.8 637.9 20,634.0 19,250.7 17,526.5
15,281.6 417.9 2,206.2 13,821.0
100,566.2 619.3 18,687.4 17,458.0 13,473.8
15,928.3 435.8 2,315.9 13,996.7 93,824.0 657.1 20,305.9 17,444.8 14,823.3
17,655.8 478.9 2,449.8 14,368.2 94,811.5 762.9 21,103.4 22,117.9 15,851.9

52,110.2 533.1 4,108.5 28,183.4

129,451.4 1,606.2 74,665.6 27,878.6 23,582.3
45,013.7 568.9 4,083.4 33,935.2
136,784.6 1,511.0 80,525.1 30,829.4 28,488.9
39,676.2 667.8 3,580.8 32,028.9
134,047.3 1,203.7 50,634.1 28,785.5 27,199.1
33,683.2 642.5 3,320.4 27,714.4
131,492.8 908.2 41,989.3 26,930.0 25,128.9

24,468.0 545.9 2,933.3 23,802.6
123,862.4 762.9 28,928.8 22,504.3 20,647.8
18,235.3 470.8 2,454.9 15,567.6
109,935.3 694.5 23,289.6 19,693.8 16,055.6
17,901.6 484.5 2,487.8 15,620.4
102,332.8 729.1 22,722.0 20,898.7 17,205.4
19,275.7 510.2 2,615.1 16,174.2 99,453.0 815.3 24,109.5 24,720.4 17,435.3
0.7 1.9 2.8 0.5 0.3 1.9 0.1 2.7 1.9

0.9 1.5 3.0 0.5 0.4 2.2 0.1 2.4 1.8
1.0 1.4 3.2 1.0 0.4 3.7 0.2 2.7 1.0
1.2 1.8 3.5 1.1 0.4 4.8 0.4 3.1 1.1

1.5 1.9 4.0 1.5 0.4 5.1 0.5 3.7 1.5
2.1 2.5 3.9 2.1 1.3 6.3 0.6 4.1 1.2
1.5 2.3 3.2 1.7 1.3 3.6 0.5 3.4 1.0
0.7 2.2 4.0 2.4 1.3 4.2 0.4 3.6 1.3

32.5 14.8 24.0 69.0 46.1 16.5 75.6 1.6 21.6

27.4 23.2 19.1 88.9 35.3 14.5 54.1 1.6 23.7
22.9 23.8 18.0 19.4 36.4 6.5 42.8 10.0 14.6
16.4 21.6 15.8 17.5 35.4 5.2 11.5 8.5 12.9

11.9 17.3 13.3 13.2 30.7 4.5 8.1 7.1 9.1
9.4 7.7 11.5 9.5 93.6 4.8 6.6 6.5 6.5
12.0 9.5 13.3 11.8 92.0 6.8 8.3 11.1 8.6
25.6 8.4 10.0 5.4 88.5 7.4 7.3 9.1 13.7

4.6 1.0 3.0 4.9 7.7 2.4 2.5 3.8 2.5

3.8 1.2 2.7 6.3 2.6 2.1 1.8 3.3 2.7
3.3 1.4 2.5 4.4 2.6 1.3 3.2 1.7 1.6
2.0 1.2 2.2 4.0 2.6 1.1 0.9 2.7 1.4

1.5 1.0 1.9 3.0 2.2 0.9 0.6 2.3 1.0
1.1 0.8 1.5 2.2 7.6 0.8 0.5 2.0 0.8
1.5 1.0 1.7 2.7 7.4 1.1 0.6 3.4 1.1
1.8 0.8 1.6 1.9 7.1 1.0 0.6 2.8 1.7
Source : Colombo Stock Exchange

99
Share Trading Indicators
Indicator John Keells Ceylon Carsons Nestle Commercial Sri Bukit Dialog Distilleries
& Holdings Tobacco Lanka Bank of Lanka Darah Ltd.
Quarter Ltd. Co.Ltd. Ltd. Ceylon Ltd. Telecom
No. of Trades
2010 1st Quarter 6,304 814 2,835 211 2,719 1,635 1,073 4,981 3,882
2nd Quarter 5,216 484 998 308 5,218 1,746 1,461 10,335 1,471
3rd Quarter 7,984 414 2,895 285 7,304 4,484 1,915 12,657 8,960
4th Quarter 10,328 298 2,862 249 5,251 2,168 2,167 8,044 5,854
2011 1st Quarter 4,722 400 4,239 437 3,094 3,202 5,020 5,072 5,047
2nd Quarter 5,023 527 1,214 732 2,430 1,648 2,245 3,902 3,068
3rd Quarter 5,824 555 1,119 435 3,629 1,426 1,329 3,203 1,531
4th Quarter 6,750 505 690 243 5,149 989 704 2,531 954
2012 1st Quarter 8,398 639 643 236 6,110 1,431 640 2,218 939
2nd Quarter 4,328 904 846 950 4,238 1,055 675 2,931 593
3rd Quarter 5,372 682 667 700 3,825 1,655 1,033 4,199 1,901
4th Quarter 4,758 798 487 804 3,147 1,225 410 1,956 965
Turnover, Rs. 000
2010 1st Quarter 14,230,677 142,385 349,639 47,135 2,203,267 82,542 204,199 531,445 1,986,312
2nd Quarter 12,637,810 123,878 230,035 45,361 6,291,764 254,623 228,234 2,786,269 2,498,126
3rd Quarter 18,219,713 157,992 560,846 61,724 6,151,210 473,612 608,464 3,916,794 5,822,164
4th Quarter 20,161,673 134,921 739,354 100,344 5,871,583 200,875 875,409 2,069,600 4,431,178
2011 1st Quarter 5,734,396 121,732 814,137 104,183 5,383,911 315,152 956,690 1,033,720 2,260,861
2nd Quarter 5,782,452 507,357 1,128,649 107,842 3,126,236 118,775 1,944,625 511,957 2,197,109
3rd Quarter 9,723,599 451,507 231,904 335,359 1,315,147 135,660 730,204 429,023 1,241,945
4th Quarter 8,018,546 275,996 294,559 95,509 2,728,098 54,395 436,038 974,834 835,568
2012 1st Quarter 22,671,125 751,239 185,324 454,359 6,112,587 34,109 107,922 153,283 668,093
2nd Quarter 4,825,344 295,523 580,568 163,642 1,907,552 45,084 63,617 375,858 285,313
3rd Quarter 6,158,751 411,295 358,935 314,075 2,452,709 38,024 180,980 694,337 506,891
4th Quarter 7,760,417 406,682 144,638 492,742 1,602,883 39,407 112,040 613,913 1,357,528
No. of Shares Traded, 000
2010 1st Quarter 81,172 612 642 103 11,397 2,064 65 76,478 16,854
2nd Quarter 65,743 421 412 70 25,872 6,855 55 316,174 19,888
3rd Quarter 69,893 472 752 91 30,839 10,946 96 371,580 38,155
4th Quarter 66,295 371 781 150 21,867 4,290 164 169,562 25,257
2011 1st Quarter 19,806 335 1,273 152 19,713 5,640 815 88,268 12,636
2nd Quarter 19,476 1,369 1,716 156 11,673 2,062 1,660 50,848 12,074
3rd Quarter 46,352 1,179 388 390 6,026 2,604 679 51,266 7,022
4th Quarter 44,700 671 513 109 26,792 1,093 420 121,114 5,290
2012 1st Quarter 120,876 1,520 402 511 60,992 727 120 21,894 4,875
2nd Quarter 24,890 468 1,239 147 18,760 1,078 79 62,976 2,081
3rd Quarter 30,703 590 787 262 22,039 892 255 96,826 3,726
4th Quarter 36,405 542 328 353 15,333 916 163 73,230 9,139
Price High (Rs.)
2010 1st Quarter 189.75 270.00 594.75 490.00 203.00 46.50 3,510.00 7.75 122.00
2nd Quarter 207.00 335.00 595.00 800.00 285.00 39.50 4,900.00 10.25 133.00
3rd Quarter 330.00 399.90 1,150.00 749.00 295.00 50.00 8,988.00 12.70 195.00
4th Quarter 360.00 379.00 1,230.00 750.00 295.00 51.00 9,000.00 13.80 188.00
2011 1st Quarter 301.00 390.00 779.90 715.00 284.00 64.50 1,600.00 12.20 197.00
2nd Quarter 304.90 389.00 700.00 740.00 274.00 61.00 1,410.00 11.00 191.00
3rd Quarter 220.00 400.00 650.00 1,000.00 264.40 61.00 1,145.00 11.00 181.90
4th Quarter 212.00 500.00 595.00 930.00 115.90 52.00 1,099.00 8.60 173.90
2012 1st Quarter 210.00 520.00 548.80 949.40 112.00 50.00 1,075.00 8.00 149.00
2nd Quarter 210.80 730.00 495.00 1,296.00 106.00 46.90 950.00 7.20 145.00
3rd Quarter 229.90 720.00 465.00 1,299.00 119.50 49.40 839.00 9.40 165.00
4th Quarter 230.00 830.00 460.00 1,700.00 116.00 45.50 734.90 9.20 166.00
Price Low (Rs.)
2010 1st Quarter 162.00 191.00 480.00 425.00 185.00 36.00 2,800.00 6.50 104.00
2nd Quarter 177.00 249.00 530.00 479.00 178.00 36.00 3,200.00 6.75 117.00
3rd Quarter 197.00 300.00 490.00 615.00 175.00 35.00 4,000.00 9.25 122.50
4th Quarter 289.00 272.00 470.00 615.00 225.00 40.10 815.00 11.00 155.00
2011 1st Quarter 260.00 340.00 510.00 631.00 251.00 47.00 820.00 10.20 166.00
2nd Quarter 199.00 352.00 562.00 645.00 244.80 52.90 1,025.20 8.90 175.60
3rd Quarter 183.00 359.00 560.00 704.00 110.20 47.70 1,012.00 7.80 168.00
4th Quarter 161.80 388.00 525.00 750.00 97.00 44.00 945.00 7.50 100.00
2012 1st Quarter 158.20 470.00 400.00 870.00 97.20 42.50 809.10 6.00 118.00
2nd Quarter 172.00 520.00 444.10 907.10 98.50 34.00 710.00 5.10 127.10
3rd Quarter 176.00 650.10 410.00 1,100.00 96.80 35.20 660.00 5.90 117.00
4th Quarter 202.10 670.00 420.00 1,152.10 99.00 40.00 652.00 7.80 137.10
Maket Capitalization, Rs. Mn.
2010 1st Quarter 113,980 46,831 52,611 26,325 47,254 65,426 30,000 54,971 35,400
2nd Quarter 127,123 56,712 52,466 33,310 62,875 66,780 42,515 79,402 38,775
3rd Quarter 205,062 67,624 95,536 35,996 100,041 83,204 78,800 102,612 53,880
4th Quarter 185,944 66,500 100,786 35,620 91,824 88,438 90,290 96,097 53,370
2011 1st Quarter 179,078 67,062 124,666 34,427 94,758 102,877 119,687 85,510 54,000
2nd Quarter 168,877 66,313 117,832 37,844 88,229 97,823 108,120 72,480 53,940
3rd Quarter 173,048 73,431 113,924 47,047 86,990 87,175 109,140 68,408 51,870
4th Quarter 143,205 91,807 106,285 47,117 76,509 86,633 105,060 63,521 44,130
2012 1st Quarter 173,780 96,490 91,320 48,933 76,541 83,565 87,496 57,821 43,500
2nd Quarter 155,504 125,320 91,124 59,130 76,976 70,570 79,081 50,491 39,570
3rd Quarter 194,973 130,771 86,450 67,157 90,387 80,136 73,950 73,294 48,000
4th Quarter 187,247 155,479 86,135 85,612 80,341 80,316 71,094 67,593 49,800
(a) Given companies are in terms of market capitalization as at end 2012.
100
Table 9.9
by Major Companies (a) 2010 2012
Aitken Hatton Asian Sampath Cargills DFCC Lanka Orix Aitken Chevron Hayleys
Spence & National Hotels Bank Bank Leasing Spence Hotel Ltd.
Co.Ltd. Bank Ltd. Properties Ltd. Compnay Holding
502 1,470 4,174 2,230 1,288 2,375 1,627 1,332 4,584 1,331
566 2,114 1,637 3,649 2,739 3,123 2,719 932 2,292 1,585
4,274 2,332 1,723 6,069 3,053 6,667 3,445 1,635 2,823 2,224
9,212 3,081 857 10,489 1,942 6,612 4,251 3,117 1,723 1,492
4,545 1,280 790 5,847 2,327 3,298 7,996 2,778 1,731 2,123
2,480 1,067 403 3,099 599 2,493 5,193 2,223 930 773
1,967 1,273 822 3,797 592 1,921 2,425 1,923 895 371
1,251 697 371 2,595 400 1,595 1,465 1,163 1,084 350
1,370 686 414 3,292 302 1,337 1,601 937 964 397
825 635 396 3,230 338 1,354 2,265 799 1,062 236
855 1,141 477 4,697 522 1,290 2,859 1,003 906 282
758 651 336 2,254 384 925 3,994 500 1,132 192
797,706 6,044,374 978,303 1,007,594 263,416 1,216,669 377,502 352,277 1,475,470 310,461
1,426,452 3,996,343 465,657 3,122,363 442,462 1,218,498 941,545 141,492 1,204,215 1,326,265
6,272,329 4,081,496 2,975,731 4,982,307 659,092 3,549,572 2,132,182 445,286 1,636,090 1,938,861
10,500,967 13,008,651 247,306 11,589,595 2,067,884 2,254,273 1,881,268 525,155 289,137 2,142,707
1,547,258 2,521,545 369,716 4,623,557 865,746 606,957 1,670,868 757,588 445,113 2,397,109
1,862,002 1,304,013 730,482 991,769 190,839 260,217 792,072 1,345,700 247,754 533,844
804,708 458,221 558,439 749,141 124,122 1,552,118 403,618 384,332 513,958 3,284,070
223,842 727,362 119,232 861,244 111,019 276,294 277,695 228,642 372,305 993,207
9,261,283 530,599 121,545 580,298 90,150 167,198 171,820 411,943 266,330 2,374,567
7,309,253 106,118 67,838 510,152 143,011 350,815 74,864 167,554 199,736 269,059
5,945,917 477,172 78,890 2,039,546 38,089 377,350 214,593 214,398 341,502 54,492
864,549 697,303 107,657 2,327,945 194,666 68,988 773,760 69,795 985,354 15,024
614 33,748 8,338 4,491 3,806 6,894 2,376 985 9,118 1,533
937 16,303 3,150 10,570 4,288 5,296 3,874 327 7,152 4,517
2,427 13,114 17,193 13,656 4,179 10,550 2,577 767 9,925 5,887
51,826 32,383 1,311 39,824 10,583 6,203 5,251 2,093 1,767 6,210
8,895 6,224 1,914 15,825 3,738 3,139 12,364 7,284 2,630 6,267
12,718 5,743 4,021 3,707 861 1,554 7,141 16,432 1,500 1,350
5,769 2,155 6,178 3,201 604 11,494 4,109 5,118 3,216 8,705
1,893 4,853 1,554 4,218 560 2,444 3,186 3,507 2,222 2,620
80,598 3,632 1,731 3,190 516 1,585 2,848 6,017 1,540 6,256
67,471 700 935 3,044 915 3,030 2,029 2,427 1,173 756
50,934 3,162 1,031 11,377 261 3,316 4,601 2,943 1,914 177
6,877 4,860 1,370 11,261 1,287 629 15,013 977 4,925 50
1,450.00 189.50 138.00 260.00 73.80 183.50 183.00 430.00 193.75 240.00
1,650.00 300.00 172.00 395.00 149.50 325.00 306.00 470.00 180.00 315.50
3,400.00 390.00 205.00 550.00 220.00 550.00 1,600.00 799.00 180.00 360.00
3,500.00 445.00 210.00 535.00 220.00 500.00 1,449.00 210.00 176.00 394.40
200.13 410.00 202.00 307.00 253.00 249.90 147.00 114.90 183.50 415.50
169.50 360.00 200.00 298.00 230.00 188.80 128.00 102.00 172.00 426.00
148.00 223.00 95.00 250.00 240.00 150.00 105.90 82.90 165.50 395.00
145.80 202.00 93.70 225.00 230.00 130.00 99.00 73.00 173.50 400.00
120.00 159.00 82.00 199.90 200.00 115.00 8,340.00 73.90 182.00 390.00
115.00 169.00 85.00 180.00 180.00 123.00 55.50 73.50 185.00 366.00
135.00 170.00 90.00 216.00 175.00 128.10 58.00 81.00 197.00 399.80
136.30 166.00 86.00 216.00 165.20 122.20 58.00 79.00 205.20 319.90
1,015.00 168.00 95.00 201.00 64.00 164.50 139.00 269.50 141.00 172.00
1,340.00 185.00 130.25 222.00 70.00 180.25 165.00 380.00 157.00 223.00
1,500.00 270.00 147.00 330.00 121.00 245.00 282.00 339.75 150.00 292.00
164.50 380.00 173.00 215.00 166.00 188.00 114.00 173.00 151.00 325.00
159.00 365.00 181.00 265.00 195.00 169.10 116.50 181.00 158.00 340.10
133.00 200.40 174.80 237.00 117.00 145.10 99.00 74.00 154.50 365.00
132.00 120.00 85.20 200.00 190.00 125.50 90.00 68.00 152.00 350.00
100.00 138.00 70.60 191.00 185.00 106.00 74.50 55.00 156.00 295.00
103.60 135.00 61.00 169.00 160.00 98.00 49.00 60.00 167.00 330.00
108.00 140.00 65.00 148.50 125.00 103.00 26.50 61.00 160.00 320.10
100.00 130.00 70.60 149.00 130.10 104.00 35.60 61.00 168.00 285.00
115.00 140.00 71.10 184.00 140.00 106.00 46.10 67.90 184.00 280.00
37,182 35,704 29,112 16,822 15,792 23,894 7,840 18,496 20,400 16,875
43,516 53,526 34,094 27,223 28,672 35,452 13,603 19,937 19,590 22,875
89,368 73,788 44,255 39,272 47,242 65,433 67,573 34,590 20,424 25,890
68,979 76,491 42,949 41,548 43,770 53,027 60,731 35,546 19,140 25,875
65,893 72,808 41,599 440,555 51,139 45,507 56,834 32,956 19,200 28,658
55,865 59,003 39,186 37,535 44,464 38,806 47,663 25,457 18,852 28,470
54,403 61,622 39,628 34,210 45,226 34,012 46,950 24,078 19,644 28,125
48,882 47,116 33,828 30,587 45,472 29,930 39,584 23,372 20,400 28,125
45,756 47,654 34,536 28,507 38,976 29,850 25,661 23,540 21,828 27,000
45,025 46,636 32,500 24,692 31,360 29,267 17,582 21,859 20,160 25,275
32,333 52,704 37,415 35,075 36,915 32,421 23,998 25,726 23,040 23,955
48,720 47,012 33,607 32,629 32,592 29,930 25,566 24,583 24,240 22,718
Source : Colombo Stock Exchange
101
Government Finance Table 10.1
Summary of Fiscal Operations 2003 2012
Rs. Million
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Revenue and Grants

284,421 320,154 412,387 507,901 595,559 686,481 725,566 834,188 949,917 1,003,915
Revenue
276,465 311,473 379,747 477,833 565,051 655,259 699,644 817,279 934,776 987,844
Tax Revenue
231,597 281,552 336,828 428,378 508,947 585,621 618,933 724,747 812,611 845,297
Income Tax 39,397 41,372 52,535 79,693 107,168 126,541 139,558 135,623 157,309 172,593
Taxes on Goods and Services
148,922 187,036 217,485 259,827 286,157 306,409 272,383 355,366 407,664 401,007
Taxes on International Trade 39,667 48,655 56,359 73,807 84,406 112,336 137,260 130,749 158,080 180,935
Other 3,611 4,489 10,449 15,051 31,216 40,335 69,732 103,008 89,558 90,762
Non-Tax Revenue
44,868 29,921 42,919 49,455 56,104 69,639 80,711 92,532 122,166 142,547
Property Income
24,750 15,493 20,726 18,565 23,867 27,323 43,991 58,147 71,731 103,669
Fees and Charges 4,500 6,447 14,061 21,092 10,041 16,592 23,321 19,764 30,891 20,739
Other
15,618 7,981 8,132 9,798 22,196 25,724 13,399 14,639 19,544 18,139
Grants 7,956 8,681 32,640 30,068 30,508 31,222 25,922 16,909 15,141 16,071
Expenditure and Net Lending

417,673 476,907 584,783 713,646 841,604 996,126 1,201,927 1,280,205 1,400,097 1,492,882
Current Expenditure
334,694 389,679 443,350 547,960 622,758 743,710 879,575 937,094 1,006,633 1,094,249
Expenditure on Goods and Services
138,661 164,530 194,860 253,025 292,632 360,328 379,731 388,286 433,331 449,206
o/w ; Salaries and Wages 91,784 106,187 138,603 175,031 214,160 239,078 271,229 300,558 319,601 347,747
Interest Payments
125,126 119,782 120,159 150,777 182,681 212,475 309,675 352,592 356,699 408,498
Domestic
113,540 105,878 113,164 133,787 161,370 182,198 273,978 297,127 288,134 317,659
Foreign 11,586 13,904 6,995 16,990 21,311 30,277 35,698 55,464 68,565 90,839
Transfer Payments 70,907 105,367 128,331 144,157 147,445 170,908 190,168 196,216 216,602 236,544
Capital Expenditure 75,089 83,807 140,154 162,214 206,162 232,607 277,416 302,087 363,001 373,240
Acquisition of Real Assets 36,580 40,449 88,141 88,209 111,510 128,605 143,590 158,488 202,627 170,508
Capital Transfers 38,509 43,359 52,013 74,005 94,651 104,002 133,826 143,599 160,374 202,732
Lending minus Repayments 7,890 3,420 1,279 3,473 12,684 19,809 44,936 41,025 30,464 25,394
Current Account Surplus (+) / Deficit (-)

-58,229 -78,206 -63,603 -70,127 -57,707 -88,450 -179,931 -119,815 -71,856 -106,405
Overall Budget Surplus (+) / Deficit (-)

-133,251 -156,752 -172,396 -205,745 -246,045 -309,644 -476,361 -446,017 -450,180 -488,967
Total Financing
133,250 156,752 172,396 205,745 246,045 309,644 476,361 446,017 450,180 488,967
Foreign Financing 43,117 37,071 47,773 41,942 100,908 -4,645 230,807 243,788 218,956 286,455
Domestic Financing 79,910 117,243 123,604 163,805 145,137 314,287 245,554 202,229 231,224 202,511
Market Borrowings 79,830 112,563 119,304 163,805 127,077 309,669 234,274 191,999 236,022 202,511
Bank
-20,905 43,289 26,195 80,008 15,769 195,233 49,027 -1,892 191,850 131,527
Non-Bank
100,735 69,274 93,109 83,797 111,308 114,437 185,247 193,891 44,171 70,984
Other Borrowings 80 4,680 4,300 18,060 4,619 11,280 10,230 -4,798
Privatisation Proceeds 10,223 2,437 1,020
Public Debt Outstanding 1,863,851 2,139,527 2,222,343 2,582,648 3,041,685 3,588,962 4,161,422 4,590,245 5,133,365 6,000,112

Domestic 1,019,969 1,143,389 1,265,722 1,479,230 1,715,198 2,140,228 2,400,955 2,565,662 2,804,085 3,232,813

Foreign 843,882 996,138 956,620 1,103,418 1,326,487 1,448,734 1,760,467 2,024,583 2,329,280 2,767,299
As a Percentage of GDP
Revenue and Grants 15.6 15.3 16.8 17.3 16.6 15.6 15.0 14.9 14.5 13.2
Total Expenditure and Net Lending 22.9 22.8 23.8 24.3 23.5 22.6 24.9 22.9 21.4 19.7
Current Expenditure 18.4 18.6 18.1 18.6 17.4 16.9 18.2 16.7 15.4 14.4
Current Account Surplus (+) / Deficit (-) -3.2 -3.7 -2.6 -2.4 -1.6 -2.0 -3.7 -2.1 -1.1 -1.4
Overall Budget Surplus (+) / Deficit (-) -7.3 -7.5 -7.0 -7.0 -6.9 -7.0 -9.9 -8.0 -6.9 -6.4

102
Functional Classification of Current Expenditure 2003 2012
Rs. Million
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
General Public Services 86,361 95,443 105,628 133,105 162,102 207,348 224,281 228,136 245,266 254,371
Civil Administration 24,755 23,196 25,027 29,912 31,481 36,150 37,123 37,895 43,076 47,135
Defence 47,005 56,341 61,498 81,243 101,856 134,710 144,884 145,243 159,553 163,219
Public Order and Safety 14,601 15,906 19,103 21,950 28,765 36,487 42,274 44,998 42,637 44,017
Social Services
104,812 138,820 188,651 204,635 226,271 240,768 260,071 267,636 314,137 335,991
Education
31,673 33,792 50,697 61,144 72,592 77,141 82,414 85,195 99,043 107,271
Health
22,073 25,919 34,113 44,069 51,741 55,874 58,789 60,506 74,443 81,946
Welfare
45,849 73,571 92,909 86,753 91,747 94,789 105,017 107,690 123,122 128,451
Community Services 5,217 5,538 10,933 12,669 10,191 12,963 13,852 14,245 17,529 18,323
Economic Services
14,417 22,100 28,725 50,612 49,573 80,303 85,188 85,440 88,233 92,034
Agriculture & Irrigation 7,002 8,876 13,500 22,173 22,849 41,579 43,967 44,081 46,290 46,429
Energy and Water Supply 9 112 1,008 2,766 3,647 3,323 3,429 3,492 3,533 3,612
Transport & Communication 4,614 8,560 11,303 19,038 18,983 29,587 31,068 31,246 31,823 34,995
Other 2,792 4,552 2,914 6,635 4,094 5,814 6,724 6,621 6,587 6,998
Other
129,104 133,315 120,285 159,609 184,812 215,291 310,035 355,882 358,996 411,852
Of which : Interest Payments
125,126 119,782 120,159 150,777 182,681 212,475 309,675 352,592 356,699 408,498

Total Current Expenditure
334,693 389,678 443,288 547,960 622,758 743,710 879,575 937,094
1,006,633
1,094,248
(a) Provisional Source : Ministry of Finance and Planning
Table 10.3
Functional Clasification of Capital Expenditure and Lending 2003 2012
Rs. Million
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
General Public Services 5,203 7,191 9,901 21,356 32,143 34,404 20,094 21,510 32,484 27,510
Civil Administration 4,826 5,986 8,537 18,109 28,438 29,675 18,686 20,212 28,668 26,565
Public Order and Safety 377 1,205 1,364 3,247 3,705 4,728 1,409 1,298 3,816 945
Social Services
19,190 28,996 35,992 48,386 54,986 60,236 53,938 56,205 62,953 70,570
Education 7,443 8,548 12,860 17,200 19,948 22,942 18,092 19,053 22,326 28,930
Health 5,403 8,500 10,738 13,969 16,961 18,674 12,664 13,329 14,774 17,053
Housing 3,249 6,796 3,657 4,021 4,481 4,826 5,291 5,489 6,712 7,319
Community Services 3,095 5,152 8,737 13,197 13,596 13,794 17,891 18,334 19,141 17,267
Economic Services 58,742 61,271 77,540 106,789 141,244 168,879 256,411 278,803 311,594 317,592
Agriculture & Irrigation 8,420 8,207 10,041 12,615 14,736 17,681 22,105 24,865 28,568 30,351
Energy and Water Supply
23,801 22,283 19,234 26,376 47,850 48,783 59,983 66,569 74,028 76,192
Transport & Communication
20,238 22,198 31,765 37,988 50,995 82,916 139,104 165,505 186,342 190,030
Other 6,283 8,583 16,500 29,810 27,663 19,499 35,219 21,864 22,656 21,020
Other 4,276 173 25,152 912 900 341 5 1 459 1,459

Total Capital Expenditure
and Lending 87,409 97,631 148,585 177,443 229,273 263,860 330,448 356,519 407,489 417,130
(a) Provisional Source : Ministry of Finance and Planning
103
Government Revenue 2003 2012 Rs. Million
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Tax Revenue 231,597 281,552 336,828 428,378 508,947 585,621 618,933 724,747 812,611 845,297
Taxes on Foreign Trade 39,667 48,655 56,359 73,807 84,406 112,336 137,260 130,749 158,080 180,935
Imports 34,184 41,096 45,390 52,657 55,987 63,844 79,560 64,163 75,974 73,489
PAL / RIDL / SCL / Other (b) 5,483 7,559 10,969 21,150 28,419 48,492 57,700 66,685 82,106 107,447
Taxes on Domestic Goods
and Services 148,922 187,036 217,485 259,827 286,157 306,409 272,383 355,366 407,664 401,007
GST / VAT 97,230 120,382 138,660 164,555 187,452 203,646 171,510 219,990 215,576 204,806
Domestic 50,949 55,523 65,300 71,877 85,490 102,805 103,891 120,412 103,266 105,337
Imports 46,281 64,859 73,360 92,678 101,962 100,841 67,620 99,578 112,310 99,469
Excise Tax 50,972 65,790 76,978 93,529 96,675 100,970 97,604 129,864 186,010 191,947
Liquor 10,735 13,512 16,085 20,661 23,723 27,434 28,525 36,654 55,286 60,086
Tobacco / Cigarettes 20,055 23,457 26,692 30,067 31,437 37,288 37,601 40,675 49,623 53,563
Petrolium 13,251 14,817 18,041 18,234 17,126 18,977 23,018 28,038 22,470 28,466
Other 6,931 14,004 16,160 24,567 24,389 17,271 8,460 24,497 58,632 49,832
National Security Levy 79 240 35
Licence Fees 641 624 1,812 1,743 2,030 1,793 3,269 5,512 6,078 4,254
Taxes on Net Income
and Profits 39,397 41,372 52,535 79,693 107,168 126,541 139,558 135,623 157,309 172,593
Corporate 15,095 16,663 25,002 37,207 55,650 63,693 66,751 75,208 98,748 91,918
Non-Corporate 10,073 13,435 15,251 21,821 16,211 23,326 28,229 30,993 24,785 21,413
Taxes on Interest 14,229 11,274 12,282 20,665 35,307 39,522 44,578 29,422 33,776 59,262
Stamp Duty / Cess Levy /
SRL / NBT / Other (c) 4,748 8,796 24,030 31,925 61,696 92,165 85,326 90,762
Debits Tax 3,611 4,489 5,701 6,255 7,187 8,410 8,036 10,843 4,232
Non-Tax Revenue 44,868 29,921 42,919 49,455 56,104 69,639 80,711 92,532 122,166 142,547
Current Revenue 44,362 29,814 42,839 48,942 55,559 69,521 80,633 92,292 121,651 141,716
Property Income 24,750 15,493 20,726 18,565 23,867 27,323 43,991 58,147 71,731 103,669
Rent 607 1,163 1,155 1,294 1,709 2,050 1,425 2,048 3,580 2,197
Interest 7,963 8,673 8,642 10,320 9,242 9,305 9,043 8,017 9,847 9,488
Profits and Dividends 5,380 4,357 5,929 6,951 7,682 7,365 11,982 31,301 34,351 46,761
National Lottery 800 300 1,234 603 1,542 1,781 1,953 2,223
Central Bank Profit Transfers 10,000 1,000 5,000 4,000 8,000 20,000 15,000 22,000 43,000
Social Security Contributions 3,037 3,444 4,910 6,470 8,777 6,791 11,165 11,120 12,628 11,738
Fees and Administration Charges 4,500 6,447 14,061 21,092 10,041 16,592 23,321 19,746 30,891 20,739
Other 12,075 4,430 3,142 2,815 12,874 18,815 2,156 3,279 6,402 5,570
Capital Revenue (d) 506 107 80 513 545 118 78 241 514 831
Total 276,465 311,473 379,747 477,833 565,051 655,259 699,644 817,279 934,776 987,844
(a) Provisional Source : Ministry of Finance

(b) Port and Airport Development Levy (PAL), Regional Infrastructure Development Levy (RIDL) and Special Commodity Levy (SCL) and Planning
(c) Social Responsibility Levy (SRL) and Nation Building Tax (NBT)
(d) Sale of capital goods
Table 10.5
Government Domestic Debt 2003 2012 Rs. Million
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
By Instruments
Rupee Loans 248,414 164,758 140,563 116,713 131,509 130,009 112,292 87,709 61,961 58,386
Treasury Bills (b) (c) 219,295 243,886 234,174 257,732 307,012 402,600 441,032 514,442 590,885 629,070
SLDBs 8,816 26,083 25,519 62,469 86,459 158,805 168,079 173,877 183,845 222,994
Central Bank Advances 31,204 34,791 39,746 49,015 60,679 76,308 73,881 77,879 94,743 111,292
Treasury Bonds (b) (d) 483,107 643,349 751,569 885,972 1,018,852 1,281,978 1,513,512 1,643,887 1,819,251 2,095,054
Other (e) 29,133 30,522 74,151 107,329 110,687 90,528 92,160 67,869 53,400 116,017
Total
1,019,969 1,143,389 1,265,722 1,479,230 1,715,198 2,140,228 2,400,955 2,565,662 2,804,085 3,232,813
By Ownership
Banking Sector 228,411 272,981 298,411 395,470 415,318 657,425 705,765 691,716 886,221 1,058,366
Central Bank 44,587 113,017 78,364 117,624 104,817 239,248 109,593 78,376 263,329 265,198
Non-Bank Sector 791,557 870,409 967,311 1,083,760 1,299,879 1,482,804 1,695,189 1,873,945 1,917,864 2,174,447
Insurance Funds 24,828 27,398 20,704 13,234 21,012 25,976 34,490 32,839 34,356 33,768
Provident and Pension Funds 333,289 369,205 423,283 480,731 595,807 698,192 835,402 884,279 959,303 1,204,729
Official Funds 40,739 46,341 65,825 95,988 107,480 107,234 132,485 167,374 161,568 178,900
Private Business and
Individuals (f) 246,309 264,219 272,145 313,166 372,976 443,084 426,177 495,261 447,385 425,967
Other 7,453 12,088 15,764 14,183 10,191 4,251 9,551 7,678 933 933
Total
1,019,969 1,143,389 1,265,722 1,479,230 1,715,198 2,140,228 2,400,954 2,565,662 2,804,085 3,232,813
(a) Provisional Sources : Ministry of Finance and Planning

(b) Outstanding Treasury bills and Treasury bonds have been adjusted Central Bank of Sri Lanka
for secondary market transactions.
(c) Excludes rupee denominated Treasury bills issued to foreign (d) Excludes government bonds of Rs.4,397 million issued to CWE in November 2003 and
investors from 2008 and to Sri Lankan diaspora and migrant rupee denominated Treasury bonds issued to foreign investors from 2007 and Sri Lankan
workforce from 2009. diaspora and migrant workforce from 2009.
(e) Includes outstanding defence loans.
(f) Includes Sinking Funds.
104
Government Foreign Debt 2003 2012
Rs. Million
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
By Type
Project Loans 769,559 914,232 865,494 978,356 1,087,359 1,261,304 1,362,806 1,461,729 1,640,117 1,846,772
Non-Project Loans 74,323 81,906 91,126 125,062 239,128 187,430 397,661 562,854 689,163 920,527
Commodity 68,892 73,835 69,116 69,021 68,665 66,499 62,304 54,653 53,460 56,599
Other 5,431 8,071 22,010 56,041 170,463 120,931 335,357 508,201 635,703 863,928
Total 843,882 996,138 956,620 1,103,418 1,326,487 1,448,734 1,760,467 2,024,583 2,329,280 2,767,299

By Ownership
Multilateral 405,156 477,079 459,837 534,356 580,719 618,181 665,040 674,936 721,916 844,292
ADB 195,895 235,741 230,510 269,211 292,151 317,763 344,661 358,872 383,461 448,421
EIB 599 3,545 4,838 9,345 15,326 18,010 20,463 18,792 18,054 23,438
IBRD 204 221 220 228 231 240 322
IDA 199,782 226,926 213,916 242,940 258,748 267,475 284,074 281,217 302,244 349,997
IFAD 7,116 7,886 7,109 7,997 8,719 9,052 10,309 11,032 13,007 16,013
OPEC 538 1,329 1,582 2,098 2,357 2,355 2,173 1,913 2,052 2,699
Nordic Development Fund 1,023 1,431 1,662 2,537 3,188 3,285 3,360 3,110 3,099 3,403
Bilateral 398,925 465,513 433,382 486,530 564,500 666,533 684,750 739,213 842,804 980,345
Canada 7,746 8,521 8,635 8,753 9,852 7,718 8,488 8,134 7,701 8,269
France (b) 8,735 10,177 8,726 9,714 10,255 12,424 15,021 18,427 19,503 24,273
Germany 46,657 56,301 49,374 61,644 65,977 61,528 58,279 50,263 47,547 51,164
India 6,702 10,311 10,118 12,382 14,843 15,294 17,902 17,292 41,927 78,322
Japan 255,277 301,434 277,882 305,897 327,711 426,936 426,767 478,931 529,013 547,515
Kuwait 2,939 3,388 3,573 3,794 3,855 4,649 5,103 5,237 5,799 6,194
Netherlands 2,645 2,574 2,196 2,080 1,455 751 291 87
Peoples Republic
of China 3,115 3,342 3,604 5,121 22,668 29,688 46,641 56,459 59,497 11,872
Saudi Arabian Fund 43 327 749 1,217 2,328 2,338 2,544 2,648
U.S.A. 55,229 57,078 55,341 57,310 52,797 50,708 46,952 42,414 40,318 41,386
Other 9,881 12,387 13,892 19,508 54,339 55,619 56,978 59,633 88,957 208,702
Financial Markets 39,801 53,547 63,401 82,533 181,268 164,020 410,676 610,433 764,560 942,662
Riggs National Bank 3,746 3,980 3,769 3,843 3,746 3,674 3,476 3,140 2,984 3,064
Indo-Suez Bank
(France & Stockholm) 129 108 82 48 16
Bankers Trust Co. 877 876 786 754 685 634 560 466 399 356
France
Saloman Bros. Inc.
(New York) 774 739 627 560 462 374 270 157 54
Citi Bank / NEXI 9,635 10,433 18,082 27,122 24,637 11,314
Other (c) 24,640 37,411 40,055 50,206 151,722 148,024 406,370 606,670 761,124 939,242
Total 843,882 996,138 956,620 1,103,418 1,326,487 1,448,734 1,760,467 2,024,583 2,329,280 2,767,299

(b) Includes loans from financial institutions. Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(c) Includes outstanding defence loans, rupee denominated Treasury bonds (since 2007) and
Treasury bills (since 2008) issued to foreign investors and Treasury bonds and Treasury
bills issued to Sri Lankan diaspora and migrant workforce (since 2009), and proceeds from
the international sovereign bond issues.
105
Revenue and Expenditure of Provincial Councils(a)
Rs. Million
Item Western Central Southern Northern Eastern North- North Uva Sabara- Total
Western Central gamuwa
Revenue and Expenditure

Receipts 2010
Grant from the Central Govt. 7,791 14,850 12,160 10,186 11,330 13,906 9,231 10,120 10,559 100,133
Revenue 23,144 2,986 2,924 73 900 2,949 1,171 975 1,705 36,826
Total 30,935 17,836 15,084 10,258 12,230 16,855 10,401 11,095 12,264 136,959
Expenditure
Recurrent (Inclu. Local Govt.) 27,675 15,845 13,735 8,676 10,890 14,981 7,934 9,079 10,347 119,162
Total 29,126 17,641 15,504 10,176 12,085 16,528 9,868 11,060 11,773 133,761
Receipts 2011
Revenue 24,517 4,045 2,160 81 825 4,370 1,971 661 2,360 40,991
Total 35,491 19,314 15,460 10,585 12,750 18,882 11,923 10,941 14,054 149,401
Expenditure
Capital Expenditure 2,940 1,875 1,980 1,302 964 1,629 2,432 1,330 1,408 15,860
Total 31,556 18,801 17,720 11,009 13,040 18,181 10,628 11,431 13,095 145,461
Receipts 2012 (b)
Revenue 23,045 3,876 3,854 1,236 1,504 4,394 1,896 1,799 1,853 43,457
Total 31,792 16,866 15,631 9,678 12,304 17,485 8,938 11,057 12,521 136,272
Expenditure
Capital Expenditure 2,370 1,201 985 808 611 1,043 2,374 761 757 10,910
Total 30,038 17,586 15,853 10,394 12,098 16,705 10,347 10,853 11,842 135,716
Analysis of Revenue Collection 2010

Turnover Tax 13,153 1,683 1,632 459 1,136 556 528 839 19,986
Excise Duty on Liquor 49 2 19 70
Licence Fee Liquor 285 114 3 49 40 38 529
Licence Fee Vehicles 1,806 339 331 72 463 215 120 242 3,588
Licence Fee Others 96 58 ... 3 7 ... 164
Profit and Dividends 757 72 38 20 57 138 61 10 109 1,261
Other 2,500 248 360 53 202 489 276 174 214 4,516
Sub Total 18,596 2,504 2,423 73 790 2,278 1,130 879 1,442 30,114
Stamp Duty 4,548 482 502 110 671 41 96 263 6,712
Total 23,144 2,986 2,924 73 900 2,949 1,171 975 1,705 36,826
2011
Turnover Tax (c) 2,186 417 381 246 194 117 115 961 4,617
Excise Duty on Liquor 67 ... 24 91
Licence Fee Liquor 264 118 29 69 54 44 577
Licence Fee Others 7,359 1,369 64 1,366 861 6 ... 11,024
Profit and Dividends
Other 2,855 334 510 81 202 1,299 415 220 416 6,332
Sub Total 14,742 2,743 1,331 81 692 3,471 1,701 536 1,707 27,004
Stamp Duty 9,775 1,302 828 133 899 270 126 653 13,987
Total 24,517 4,045 2,160 81 825 4,370 1,971 661 2,360 40,991
2012(b)
Turnover Tax (c) 81 44 29 2 10 6 172
Excise Duty on Liquor (d) 121 129 22 20 51 21 27 27 419
Licence Fee Others 1 1
Profit and Dividends
Other 11,267 1,925 2,142 921 1,029 2,338 1,098 1,164 1,066 22,950
Sub Total 13,635 2,526 2,661 921 1,200 2,986 1,489 1,362 1,362 28,142
Stamp Duty 9,410 1,351 1,193 315 304 1,408 407 437 491 15,317
Total 23,045 3,876 3,854 1,236 1,504 4,394 1,896 1,799 1,853 43,460
(a) As at end December. (c) Turnover tax calculation is been terminated as per the Source : Ministry of Local Government and
(b) As at end November. 2011 budget proposals. This accounts to the arrearses Provincial Councils
(d) Including Licence Fee Liquor collected for 2010.
Negligible
106
Banking and Financial Institutions Table 11.1
Assets and Liabilities of the Central Bank 2003 2012
Rs. Million
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Assets 354,583 414,013 440,597 492,850 561,935 598,370 821,873 985,407 1,141,717 1,284,448
International Reserves 278,426 284,609 334,304 360,564 440,327 345,012 685,659 862,534 838,607 965,910
Cash and Bank Balances Abroad
(including Treasury Bills) 84,595 146,646 154,873 117,507 174,044 177,766 232,705 243,672 360,508 327,749
Foreign Government and
Non-Government Securities 134,262 66,146 118,931 175,626 194,107 94,721 376,411 547,591 404,983 554,219
Special Drawing Rights 60 20 155 292 740 221 2,286 273 502 491
IMF Related Assets 59,426 67,158 60,182 66,984 71,159 72,179 74,223 70,926 72,588 80,861
Receivable 83 4,639 164 156 277 125 33 72 26 2,590
Loans and Advances 31,234 34,821 41,815 51,502 62,773 77,885 75,017 80,339 97,057 113,136
To Government 31,204 34,791 39,346 49,015 60,679 76,308 73,881 77,879 94,743 111,292
To Others 30 30 2,469 2,487 2,094 1,577 1,137 2,460 2,314 1,844
Government and Government

Guaranteed Securities 11,514 73,876 35,389 65,275 41,813 142,275 37,451 2,098 169,797 168,237
Other Assets and Accounts 33,409 20,707 29,089 15,508 17,022 33,199 23,746 40,436 36,257 37,165
Liabilities 354,583 414,013 440,597 492,850 561,935 598,370 821,873 985,407 1,141,717 1,284,448
Capital 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 25,000 35,000

Currency Issued 98,785 115,909 132,436 157,239 173,364 186,099 217,430 255,652 293,233 318,060
Notes in Circulation 95,282 112,174 128,492 152,919 168,782 181,307 212,173 249,977 287,080 311,152
Coins in Circulation 3,503 3,735 3,944 4,320 4,582 4,792 5,257 5,675 6,153 6,909

Deposits 157,838 188,958 204,149 214,684 239,879 260,859 361,918 465,017 646,616 736,447
Government 569 523 920 1,348 1,413 1,231 2,326 3,083 1,797 686
Govt. Agencies and Institutions 20 7 12 8 3 15 22 6 2 14
International Organisations,
Foreign Government &
Foreign Banking Institutions 113,849 132,919 137,535 130,706 147,407 177,295 273,481 357,069 498,543 569,454
Other 758 459 199 7 2 7 3 6 4 4
Securities Outstanding 78,023 95,055
Borrowings Abroad

Other Liabilities and Accounts 96,960 108,145 103,011 119,927 147,693 126,413 139,502 144,683 176,868 194,941
107
Selected Financial Highlights of Commercial Banks 2008 2012
Rs. Million
Item 2008 2009 2010 2011(a) 2012(b)
Profit and Loss Account

Turnover 333,023 348,377 319,143 346,835 490,251
Total Interest Income 286,560 299,044 267,386 293,177 418,570
Other Income 46,463 49,333 51,756 53,659 71,681
Total Interest Expense 183,570 184,766 139,893 153,079 244,567
Net Interest Income / Net Income from Banking Activities*
102,989 114,277 127,493 140,098 174,002
Other Expenses 79,561 85,694 94,418 104,436 118,320
Profit before Taxation and Provisions for
Bad and Doubtful Debt / Loans Written-Off 55,241 61,651 63,006 76,146 110,213
Provisions for Bad and Doubtful Debt / Loans Written-Off
10,869 20,900 -6,585 -2,497 6,225
Profit before Taxation 44,373 40,751 69,591 78,645 103,988
Provision for Taxation 19,199 19,918 24,408 23,568 30,401
Profit after Taxation 25,174 20,833 45,183 55,075 73,587
Balance Sheet Items
Assets
Cash and Short-term Funds 108,153 131,539 156,926 146,351 169,165
Balances with Central Bank 87,163 89,253 108,186 148,638 169,250
Placements with Banks 88,806 166,160 110,822 130,727 163,854
Treasury Bills 87,325 201,095 262,431 250,549 262,707
Investments other than Treasury Bills (c) 380,451 466,242 517,694 485,405 598,381
Total Loans and Advances 1,399,026 1,341,091 1,708,361 2,279,582 2,774,487
Bills of Exchange 50,399 42,809 38,103 46,649 49,528
Loans and Advances 1,294,097 1,255,416 1,618,967 2,137,545 2,607,453
Lease Rentals Receivable 54,530 42,866 51,292 95,389 117,505
Fixed Assets 38,752 38,932 42,457 52,105 56,155
Other Assets 70,238 72,272 67,682 85,140 165,231
Total Assets 2,259,914 2,506,585 2,974,559 3,578,497 4,359,230
Liabilities
Deposits 1,560,247 1,850,591 2,153,425 2,558,731 3,034,324
Borrowings 400,130 334,610 450,293 566,709 727,726
Other Liabilities 120,487 123,474 134,461 147,629 230,249
Total Liabilities 2,080,864 2,308,675 2,738,179 3,273,068 3,992,299
Shareholders Funds
Share Capital / Assigned Capital 59,705 67,937 76,272 102,964 106,794
Reserve Funds 8,963 10,141 11,964 14,217 15,868
Other Reserves 110,383 119,831 148,144 188,248 244,268
Total 179,050 197,910 236,381 305,429 366,930
Total Liabilities and Funds Employed 2,259,914 2,506,585 2,974,559 3,578,497 4,359,230
Commitments and Contingencies 1,179,123 1,128,041 1,414,470 1,967,856 2,026,010
Liquidity
Total Liquid Assets (Only DBU) 425,620 635,116 641,888 687,687 842,297
Liquidity Ratio % DBU (d) 26 33 29 26 26
Capital Adequacy
Capital Base 197,077 209,717 244,768 312,932 334,951
Tier I Capital (Core Capital) 158,771 175,336 209,462 271,188 284,086
Capital Adequacy Ratio % (e)
For Tier I Capital 11.1 12.9 13.0 13.4 12.3
For Capital Base 13.8 15.4 15.2 15.5 14.5
Net Loans and Advances 1,399,026 1,341,091 1,708,361 2,279,582 2,774,487
Total Loans and Advances 1,488,095 1,445,367 1,801,826 2,394,709 2,933,205
Less : Provisions for Possible Credit Losses 57,577 65,888 55,828 50,652 56,195
Interest in Suspense 28,937 35,927 35,832 61,851 64,711
Interest Receivable on Performing Advances 2,555 2,461 1,804 2,624 37,812
Credit Loss Provisions, % of Total Loans and Advances 3.9 4.6 3.1 2.1 1.9
Risk Weighted Assets and Off-Balance Sheet Exposure 1,426,645 1,359,096 1,612,687 2,022,358 2,314,434
% of Total Assets and Commitments and Contingencies 52 45 48 55 46
Cash and Short-term Funds, % of Total Assets 4.8 5.2 5.3 4.1 3.9
(a) Revised (b) Provisional * Net Interest Income Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(c) Includes investments in subsidiaries and associates.
(d) Total value of liquid assets as a percentage of total liabilities less liabilities to share holders and Central Bank maintained by domestic units of commercial
banks in terms of the Directions issued by the Central Bank of Sri Lanka under the Banking Act.
(e) Capital as a percentage of total risk weighted assets and off balance sheet exposure maintained by commercial banks in terms of the Directions issued by
the Central Bank of Sri Lanka under the Banking Act.
108
Assets and Liabilities of Commercial Banks 2003 2012
Rs. Million
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Assets
Cash in Hand 13,184 16,240 18,367 22,220 26,181 31,076 35,590 39,104 50,362 66,522
Due from Central Bank 37,899 54,664 69,114 85,716 93,319 84,432 88,047 107,705 149,711 169,466
Due from Domestic Banks 15,309 11,125 21,699 26,250 27,904 21,649 18,800 11,474 51,390 49,840
Cash Items in Process of Collection 11,278 10,573 11,579 12,289 15,139 12,799 27,893 6,066 21,866 35,890
Foreign Currency in Hand and

Balances due from Banks Abroad 100,181 157,960 178,518 196,688 199,122 197,624 236,081 191,240 159,567 155,013
Investments 142,548 118,293 145,497 176,863 211,247 249,665 476,507 538,474 517,045 648,725
Treasury bills 41,562 38,234 39,562 49,195 62,049 75,643 144,393 205,405 175,644 200,718
Government Securities 67,495 47,967 68,778 89,172 105,029 144,093 221,798 198,195 283,750 389,824
Other 33,491 32,093 37,157 38,497 44,170 29,930 110,316 134,874 57,651 58,183
Loans and Advances 432,683 528,677 672,561 880,878 1,030,737 1,146,442 1,137,416 1,454,619 1,905,732 2,305,613
Bills Purchased and Discounted 14,442 16,013 15,950 16,769 26,422 36,081 30,376 29,574 31,021 34,655
Overdrafts 119,728 135,048 165,572 221,295 246,873 286,702 246,205 338,357 373,762 495,973
Loans 298,512 377,617 491,039 642,814 757,443 823,659 860,834 1,086,687 1,500,949 1,774,985
Fixed and Other Assets 131,967 130,529 158,181 159,116 187,051 204,254 210,022 218,055 302,005 326,301
Total 885,050 1,028,060 1,275,516 1,560,020 1,790,700 1,947,940 2,230,356 2,566,737 3,157,677 3,757,370

Liabilities
Capital (Paid-up, Reserve Funds and

Undistributed Profit) 75,197 77,220 110,928 136,835 168,506 183,184 191,017 237,814 313,334 375,920
Demand Deposits 94,122 110,900 145,082 161,137 159,760 153,687 184,283 235,981 243,451 243,735
Inter-Banks 650 1,142 1,272 2,594 3,009 3,068 5,124 6,920 9,856 14,865
Govt. of Sri Lanka 14,806 17,106 23,746 30,697 34,399 23,297 20,396 34,607 33,691 25,398
Residents 76,014 88,777 116,620 124,657 119,407 122,285 154,849 190,637 195,835 198,496
Non-Residents 2,651 3,876 3,444 3,188 2,946 5,037 3,914 3,817 4,069 4,976
Time and Savings Deposits 557,102 681,617 800,493 960,265 1,147,602 1,256,881 1,488,603 1,718,996 2,117,734 2,554,485
Govt. of Sri Lanka 1,604 2,667 3,288 2,728 4,347 4,087 7,063 14,851 30,840 54,401
Residents 419,111 499,511 592,230 733,580 881,150 1,004,871 1,200,045 1,405,808 1,753,896 2,143,136
Non-Residents 136,386 179,440 204,976 223,957 262,104 247,923 281,495 298,337 332,998 356,948
Borrowings 41,166 41,528 71,735 127,429 101,751 124,942 103,329 112,825 167,017 217,952
Domestic Inter-Banks 36,183 33,946 60,224 104,694 87,369 107,054 88,998 99,473 147,275 143,199
Foreign 4,983 7,583 11,511 22,735 14,383 17,889 14,331 13,351 19,742 74,753
Other Liabilities 117,464 116,793 147,277 174,354 213,081 229,247 263,124 261,121 316,141 365,278
Total 885,050 1,028,060 1,275,516 1,560,020 1,790,700 1,947,940 2,230,356 2,566,737 3,157,677 3,757,370
Note : Data refer to operations of domestic banking units only. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
109
Mobilization of Deposits by Type of Deposit 2008 2012
Rupees Million Percentage Share

Item
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a) 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Demand Deposits
(Commercial Banks)
153,687 184,283 235,981 243,451 243,735 8.54 8.63 9.46 8.10 6.86

Savings Deposits
607,228 730,765 881,790 1,002,706 1,029,589 33.75 34.24 35.35 33.38 29.00
Commercial Banks
521,673 634,261 766,085 875,538 899,955 29.00 29.72 30.71 29.15 25.35
National Savings Bank 72,447 81,223 94,684 105,637 106,334 4.03 3.81 3.80 3.52 2.99
Regional Rural / Regional
Development Banks 11,560 13,646 16,944 19,398 20,835 0.64 0.64 0.68 0.65 0.59
Thrift & Credit
Co-operative Societies 1,548 1,635 4,077 2,132 2,465 0.09 0.08 0.16 0.07 0.07

Time Deposits
1,038,116 1,219,333 1,376,410 1,757,574 2,277,223 57.70 57.13 55.18 58.51 64.14
Commercial Banks
735,208 854,341 952,911 1,242,196 1,654,529 40.87 40.03 38.21 41.36 46.60
National Savings Bank
187,095 231,750 260,761 305,375 335,810 10.40 10.86 10.45 10.17 9.46
Regional Rural / Regional
Development Banks 14,369 17,268 21,005 26,756 33,875 0.80 0.81 0.84 0.89 0.95
Registered Finance
Companies
100,842 115,332 141,046 180,069 250,187 5.61 5.40 5.66 5.99 7.05
Thrift & Credit
Co-operative Societies 602 642 687 3,178 2,822 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.11 0.08

Total (b)
1,799,031 2,134,381 2,494,181 3,003,730 3,550,547 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

(b) Demand, Savings & Time Deposits.
Table 11.5
Deposits of Commercial Banks by Ownership 2008 2012
Rs. Million
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Ownership Demand Time & Demand Time & Demand Time & Demand Time & Demand Time &
Deposits Savings Deposits Savings Deposits Savings Deposits Savings Deposits Savings
Deposits Deposits Deposits Deposits Deposits
Government
23,297 4,087 20,396 7,063 34,607 14,851 33,691 30,840 25,398 54,401
Financial Institutions (a)
13,774 14,709 14,439 19,549 14,460 (b)
29,851 (b)
11,787 39,227 9,327 50,316
Plantation 930 2,717 1,643 2,465 1,794 3,307 1,815 9,726 1,946 8,415
Trading 7,255 15,728 10,059 18,264 13,480 23,154 18,453 32,299 21,663 33,091
Manufacturing 5,845 12,171 10,881 16,375 (b) 9,812 15,551 10,727 21,477 10,161 27,800
Other Business Institutions
30,849 74,167 46,630 83,702 68,441 (b)
109,203 (b)
70,252 144,933 73,176 232,750
Non-Business Institutions
16,340 49,287 20,756 76,141 24,103 (b)
77,370 25,750 91,241 25,027 93,054
Individuals 51,754 833,505 60,473 1,035,922 70,829 1,169,337 (b) 73,088 1,450,469 69,535 1,710,631
Local Government and
Provincial Councils 4,131 5,669 5,412 6,998 11,214 8,133 (b)
14,915 11,346 9,626 15,412
Certificates of Deposits 18,161 23,018 7,967 (c) (d)
Foreign Currency Deposits 3,444 225,974 6,157 299,285 10,042 318,049 11,313 347,207 18,140 442,693

Total 157,619 1,256,175 196,846 1,588,782 258,782 1,776,773 271,791 2,178,765 263,999 2,668,563
(a) Includes Interbank Deposits. (d) From 2011 onwards Certificates Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(b) Revised of Deposits are reported under
(c) Prior to 2010 all Certificates of Deposits were categorised together other categories based on their
under the category Certificates of Deposits. However, in 2010 ownership.
deposits classified under Other Categories may also include
Certificate of Deposits. 110
(a)(b)(c)
Commercial Banks Loans and Advances to the Private Sector
Rs. Million
Dec. 2009 Dec. 2010 Dec. 2011(d) Dec. 2012(d)(e)
1. Agriculture and Fishing 154,012 216,786 264,265 321,779

of which,
Tea 34,340 45,458 38,511 43,051
Rubber 10,388 14,350 16,960 14,606
Coconut 2,331 4,745 4,647 5,101
Paddy 6,942 13,847 11,554 12,623
Vegetable and Fruit Cultivation, and Minor Food Crops 5,634 6,863 8,927 14,048
Livestock and Dairy Farming 2,984 4,559 7,205 8,433
Fisheries 2,886 4,121 5,892 10,392

2. Industry 493,209 547,276 686,988 789,699
of which,
Construction 196,393 234,232 268,252 329,556
of which,
Personal Housing including
Purchasing / Construction / Repairs 112,756 136,083 133,315 160,133
Staff Housing 17,750 24,754 39,729 45,934
Food and Beverages 44,195 31,429 42,248 53,483
Textiles and Apparel 88,183 85,342 98,494 96,251
Wood and Wood Products including Furniture 2,831 4,160 5,674 6,706
Paper and Paper Products 2,843 4,813 6,578 5,978
Chemical, Petroleum, Pharmaceutical and
Healthcare and Rubber and Plastic Products 21,815 29,470 34,987 34,902
Non-Metallic Mineral Products 3,980 3,850 5,913 7,510
Basic Metal Products 3,874 6,555 9,793 11,156
Fabricated Metal Products, Machinery and
Transport Equipment 33,434 41,755 62,591 72,351
Manufactured Products (not specified elsewhere) 2,749 4,345 4,981 6,709

3. Services 242,860 317,600 461,152 525,462
of which,
Wholesale and Retail Trade 94,076 108,380 158,804 183,192
Tourism 30,212 32,396 44,802 54,223
Financial and Business Services 39,041 65,799 116,886 121,133
Transport 6,192 7,934 12,524 15,971
Communication and Information Technology 8,372 13,220 19,658 27,375
Printing and Publishing 6,194 5,825 8,418 9,417
Education 2,797 2,573 3,492 4,220
Health 6,860 8,139 8,966 8,818
Shipping, Aviation and Supply, and Freight Forwarding 8,531 8,872 8,146 6,177

4. Personal Loans and Advances (f) 302,498 404,565 575,791 702,693
of which,
Consumer Durables 34,180 35,200 67,414 60,497
Pawning 110,962 166,315 281,909 339,355
Credit Cards 34,062 30,535 36,067 45,260
Personal Education 468 135 574 906
Personal Healthcare 158 195 258 738

5. Safety Net Scheme Related 15,864 23,425 33,835 24,327
(e.g.: Samurdhi)

6. Total 1,208,444 1,509,652 2,022,030 2,363,960
(a) Based on the Quarterly Survey of Commercial Banks Loans and Advances to the Private Sector, Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka.
which includes loans and advances of both DBUs and OBUs of commercial banks
(b) Includes loans, overdrafts, bills discounted and purchased, and excludes cash items in the process
of collection.
(c) Revised
(d) Provisional
(e) Excludes personal housing loans, which have been included under Construction classified under
Industry.
111
Number of Bank Branches by Province 2011 2012 Numbers
Licensed Commercial Banks End 2011

Domestic Banks
Bank of Ceylon
150 63 61 52 51 53 42 38 48 558
Commercial Bank of Ceylon PLC 112 16 22 12 8 17 5 6 12 210
DFCC Vardhana Bank Ltd. 37 13 23 2 9 10 9 9 16 128
Hatton National Bank PLC 95 24 21 21 23 19 11 11 10 235
National Development Bank PLC 33 2 2 2 4 5 1 1 2 52
Nations Trust Bank PLC 40 2 2 1 2 3 1 1 1 53
Pan Asia Banking Corporation PLC 30 8 4 5 3 5 2 1 4 62
Peoples Bank
209 92 85 41 57 75 47 47 59 712
Sampath Bank PLC 87 19 19 13 16 18 9 9 11 201
Seylan Bank PLC 61 13 8 9 12 6 5 5 12 131
Union Bank of Colombo PLC 10 1 1 4 1 2 0 0 0 19
Amana Bank Ltd. 3 4 1 0 5 1 0 0 0 14
Foreign Banks
147 24 16 2 2 15 2 3 9 220
Total
1,014 281 265 164 193 229 134 131 184 2,595

Licensed Specialised Banks
MBSL Savings Bank 9 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 13
DFCC Bank 6 1 2 2 3 1 2 2 1 20
Housing Development Finance
Corporation Bank of Sri Lanka 11 4 3 1 3 3 1 2 3 31
Lankaputhra Development Bank Ltd. 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 7
National Savings Bank 82 17 30 22 13 14 11 8 16 213
Sanasa Development Bank PLC 11 7 12 4 12 9 9 4 8 76
Sri Lanka Savings Bank 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
State Mortgage and Investment Bank 6 1 3 1 1 2 0 0 1 15
Pradeshiya Sanwardana Bank 30 33 52 1 15 30 26 27 34 248
Total 157 64 104 31 48 61 51 43 65 624

All Banks
1,171 345 369 195 241 290 185 174 249 3,219
Licensed Commercial Banks End 2012 (a)

Domestic Banks
Bank of Ceylon
157 69 64 65 57 56 44 39 51 602
DFCC Vardhana Bank Ltd. 37 13 23 3 9 10 9 8 16 128
National Development Bank PLC 36 4 3 3 4 5 2 1 3 61
Nations Trust Bank PLC 41 2 3 2 4 4 1 1 1 59
Pan Asia Banking Corporation PLC 31 9 5 5 3 5 2 1 5 66
Peoples Bank
212 95 87 41 59 76 47 49 60 726
Sampath Bank PLC 88 19 19 13 17 19 9 9 11 204
Seylan Bank PLC 62 15 10 9 12 8 11 8 12 147
Union Bank of Colombo PLC 11 1 1 4 1 2 0 1 0 21
Amana Bank Ltd. 3 4 1 0 5 1 0 0 0 14
Foreign Banks
147 24 16 2 2 15 2 3 9 220
Total
1,036 298 275 184 204 239 143 137 191 2,707

Licensed Specialised Banks
MBSL Savings Bank 9 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 13
DFCC Bank 6 1 2 2 3 1 2 2 1 20
Corporation Bank of Sri Lanka 11 4 3 2 3 3 1 2 3 32
Lankaputhra Development Bank Ltd. 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 7
Sanasa Development Bank PLC 11 7 12 4 12 9 9 4 8 76
Sri Lanka Savings Bank 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
State Mortgage and Investment Bank 6 1 3 1 1 2 0 0 1 15
Pradeshiya Sanwardana Bank 30 33 52 5 17 30 26 27 34 254
Total 157 65 106 36 50 62 51 43 67 637

All Banks
1,193 363 381 220 254 301 194 180 258 3,344
Note : All Banking outlets except Student Savings Units. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(a) Provisional
112
Banking Density by District 2012(a)
Commercial Bank of Sri Ceylon PLC
Lankaputhra Development Bank Ltd.

State Mortgage and Investment Bank
Pan Asia Banking Corporation PLC
National Development Bank PLC
Corporation Bank of Sri Lanka

Sanasa Development Bank Ltd.
Pradeshiya Sanwardana Bank

Union Bank of Colombo Ltd.
DFCC Vardhana Bank Ltd.

Hatton National Bank PLC
Nations Trust Bank PLC
Sri Lanka Saving Bank

National Savings Bank
Banking Density Index (c)

MBSL Savings Bank
Sampath Bank Ltd.
Population per Branch

Seylan Bank PLC
Total No. of Branches

District Bank of Ceylon
Peoples Bank
Foreign Banks (b)

Amana Bank
DFCC Bank
Population, 000
Domestic Commercial Banks Licenced Specialised Banks
Ampara 3 20 25 10 3 7 5 0 1 1 7 1 1 7 5 0 0 1 0 0 11 1 109 651 5,972 17

Anuradhapura 0 31 32 7 3 6 6 0 1 1 4 1 1 6 9 0 1 1 0 0 15 1 126 859 6,817 15
Badulla 0 21 36 6 5 5 5 1 1 1 5 1 2 1 4 0 0 1 0 0 18 2 115 815 7,087 14
Batticoloa 2 21 19 5 4 6 4 1 2 2 1 2 1 3 7 1 0 1 1 0 5 1 89 527 5,921 17
Colombo 3 98 123 64 72 57 36 8 26 31 20 25 4 6 47 2 6 7 1 1 4 98 739 2,316 3,134 32
Galle 1 25 39 7 10 8 3 0 2 2 8 1 1 6 12 1 1 1 0 0 19 10 157 1,061 6,758 15
Gampaha 0 38 56 24 34 21 17 2 4 8 8 8 1 2 26 2 2 2 0 0 9 37 301 2,300 7,641 13
Hambantota 0 17 17 7 6 5 5 0 1 0 5 1 0 3 8 1 0 1 1 0 15 3 96 599 6,240 16
Jaffna 0 35 25 14 10 8 5 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 19 1 0 1 0 0 2 2 133 585 4,398 23
Kalutara 0 21 33 7 10 10 9 1 1 2 9 3 1 3 9 2 1 2 0 0 17 12 153 1,220 7,974 13
Kandy 4 28 48 13 12 13 7 1 6 2 6 3 1 4 8 1 0 2 1 0 18 20 198 1,375 6,944 14
Kegalle 0 24 31 2 3 5 8 0 2 0 6 1 0 6 9 1 0 1 1 0 17 4 121 839 6,931 14
Kilinochchi 0 4 4 2 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 114 6,706 15
Kurunegala 1 34 52 9 11 10 3 1 1 2 5 2 1 6 10 1 1 2 0 0 19 7 178 1,616 9,076 11
Mannar 0 7 4 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 19 100 5,263 19
Matale 0 22 19 3 3 3 3 0 3 0 5 1 0 2 4 0 0 1 0 0 7 2 78 484 6,205 16
Matara 0 22 31 7 6 6 2 1 2 1 10 1 1 3 12 1 0 1 0 0 18 3 128 812 6,344 16
Monaragala 0 18 13 5 1 4 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 3 4 0 0 1 0 0 9 1 65 450 6,923 14
Mullaitivu 0 7 4 3 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 92 5,412 18
Nuwara Eliya 0 19 28 8 4 3 5 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 0 0 8 2 87 710 8,161 12
Polonnaruwa 0 13 15 4 2 3 5 0 1 0 5 1 1 3 2 0 0 0 1 0 11 1 68 404 5,941 17
Puttalam 0 22 24 10 8 9 5 1 4 2 5 3 0 3 5 1 0 1 1 0 11 8 123 763 6,200 16
Ratnapura 0 27 29 8 10 6 4 0 3 1 10 2 1 2 9 0 1 2 0 0 17 5 137 1,086 7,924 13
Trincomalee 0 16 15 8 1 4 3 0 0 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 56 380 6,786 15
Vavuniya 0 12 4 2 2 2 1 1 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 34 172 5,059 20
Total 14 602 726 237 222 204 147 21 66 59 128 61 20 76 219 15 13 32 7 1 254 220 3,344 20,328 6,079 16
Note : All Banking outlets except Student Savings Units. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(a) Provisional
(b) Foreign Banks Axis Bank Ltd., Citi Bank N.A., Deutsche Bank AG, Habib Bank Ltd, ICICI Bank Ltd.,
Indian Bank, Indian Overseas Bank, MCB Ltd., Public Bank Berhard, Standard Chartered Bank Ltd.,
State Bank of India and Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corporation Ltd.
(c) No. of Bank Branches per 100,000 persons.
113
Bank Branch Network(a) 2003 2012
Name of Bank 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011(b) 2012(c)
Licensed Commercial Banks 1,488 1,551 1,630 1,737 1,936 2,076 2,213 2,376 2,606 2,718
Domestic Banks 1,450 1,512 1,588 1,675 1,760 1,862 1,999 2,160 2,386 2,498
Bank of Ceylon 366 372 388 399 408 455 496 519 560 604
Peoples Bank 582 594 602 632 640 653 679 679 712 726
Sampath Bank PLC 64 72 84 97 106 115 132 172 201 204
Seylan Bank PLC 106 110 114 116 116 115 118 124 131 147
Other (d) 66 85 103 121 152 170 212 278 328 349
Foreign Banks 38 39 42 62 176 214 214 216 220 220
Pradeshiya Sanwardhana Bank 207 209 212 214 227 228 236 243 248 254
Other (e) 70 71 63 81 102 114 126 151 163 164
District Co-operative Rural Banks 1,594 1,539 1,650 1,608 1,628 1,763 1,805 1,935 2,020 2,056
Total 3,486 3,498 3,685 3,770 4,029 4,344 4,557 4,911 5,250 5,411
Population 19,173 19,435 19,644 19,858 20,039 20,217 20,450 20,653 20,869 20,328
Population per Bank Branch 5,500 5,556 5,331 5,267 4,974 4,654 4,488 4,205 3,975 3,757
Bank Branches per 100,000 persons

Commercial Bank Branches 7.8 8.0 8.3 8.7 9.7 10.3 10.8 11.5 12.5 13.4
All Branches 18.2 18.0 18.8 19.0 20.1 21.5 22.3 23.8 25.2 26.6
(a) Includes main branches and extension offices only. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(b) Revised
(c) Provisional
(d) Includes Union Bank of Colombo PLC, Pan Asia Banking Corporation PLC, Nations Trust Bank PLC, National Development Bank PLC,
DFCC Vardhana Bank Ltd. and Amana Bank Ltd.
(e) Includes DFCC Bank, State Mortgage and Investment Bank, Sanasa Development Bank PLC., Lankaputhra Development Bank, MBSL Savings Bank,
Sri Lanka Savings Bank and Housing Development Finance Corporation Bank of Sri Lanka.
Note : During 2010, 06 regional development banks were amulgamated and Pradeshiya Sanwardhana Bank was established.
114
Non-Bank Financial Institutions 2005 2012(a)
(Calendar Years) Rs. Million
Item 2005 2006 2007(b) 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(c)
Number of Institutions 28 29 52 55 56 58 55 60

Assets 87,494 113,099 238,077 285,558 297,350 387,852 489,888 596,646
Cash and Bank Balances 3,142 4,479 11,408 13,783 17,490 12,414 20,351 25,887
Cash in Hand 439 481 2,360 1,810 3,768 1,493 1,517 2,100
Demand Deposits with Com. Banks 1,778 2,246 1,832 2,591 3,384 5,938 8,042 9,850
Time & Savings Deposits with Com. Banks 848 1,751 7,189 9,124 10,055 4,685 10,563 12,898
Time & Savings Deposits with
Registered Finance Companies 6 500
Deposits with Other Institutions 77 1 27 259 283 298 222 539
Investments 8,034 9,102 15,306 20,361 26,037 47,009 25,849 33,795
Investments in Govt. of Sri Lanka Securities 5,544 6,361 9,018 11,690 14,711 20,237 12,525 18,949
Treasury Bills 4,985 5,963 8,625 11,163 10,917 13,976 12,230 17,465
Treasury Bonds 211 398 392 528 3,794 6,261 295 1,483
Reverse Repos in T-Bills / T-Bonds 348
Shares Held for Trading Investments 267 776 984 1,231 2,246 4,888 4,192 5,713
Debentures 8 14 13 56 398 1,019 1,050 585
Shares in Other Companies 909 138 335 707 793 2,080 2,339 2,136
Shares in Related Companies 219 14
Shares in Subsidiary & Associate Companies 1,034 1,769 4,806 6,596 7,389 16,668 5,494 6,243
Investment in Promissary Notes/
Commerial Papers 55
Other Investments 53 30 150 81 499 2,119 194 168
Loans & Advances 62,271 80,053 173,665 201,845 196,151 265,456 388,416 471,698
Leasing 26,147 30,608 79,886 79,257 64,477 87,503 166,051 214,866
Hire Purchase 15,678 24,821 53,332 66,620 69,992 96,036 118,400 122,985
Loans 12,726 15,827 26,277 36,012 41,946 53,545 72,664 91,267
Real Estate 7,720 8,797 9,245 10,778 8,376 7,435 6,000 5,909
Pawning Advances 2,647 5,487 7,471 15,231 20,568 31,374
Dues from Subsidiary and Associate Companies 5 534 2,278 3,691 3,888 5,707 4,733 5,296
Trading Stocks 12,183 18,239 21,256 19,104 15,716 14,292
Real Estate 9,164 13,968 14,154 15,630 11,330 9,926
Repossessed Items 869 1,491 2,286 1,560 1,453 2,239
Other 2,150 2,779 4,816 1,914 2,933 2,128
Fixed Assets 7,057 9,800 15,077 17,410 17,121 19,989 16,479 19,921
Other Assets 6,985 9,131 10,439 13,919 19,295 23,880 23,077 31,054

Liabilities 87,494 113,099 238,077 285,558 297,350 387,852 489,888 596,646
Capital Account 12,763 16,430 37,620 43,844 41,175 48,098 77,027 94,918
Paid-up Capital 1,891 2,598 10,563 12,534 14,638 21,825 50,647 55,843
Reserves 6,697 9,157 16,800 19,741 21,478 23,853 23,873 32,755
Retained Earnings 2,831 4,398 9,930 11,327 5,010 2,370 2,407 5,016
Debentures 718 277 327 243 50 50 101 1,305
Others 626
Deposits 47,136 58,808 78,216 103,477 119,797 146,120 186,007 254,117
Fixed Deposits 46,074 57,217 75,975 99,816 114,489 140,196 179,259 248,516
Savings Deposits 533 1,379 2,751 4,465 5,074 5,938 4,855
Certificate of Deposits 1,062 1,058 861 910 843 850 810 747
Borrowings from 12,241 19,256 93,178 103,332 93,071 138,942 171,586 175,979
Central Bank 1
Commercial Banks 8,957 16,185 48,465 59,868 50,205 82,284 87,485 95,409
Merchant Banks 171
Others 3,112 3,071 44,714 43,464 42,866 56,658 84,101 80,570
Commercial Paper Issued
Repos of T-Bills / T-Bonds 2
Provision for Bad & Doubtful Debts 2,207 2,484 5,075 6,072 9,224 12,599 10,948 13,043
Other Provisions 791 1,046 2,131 2,941 4,122 4,446 4,748 10,169
Other Liabilities 12,354 15,075 21,856 25,892 29,961 37,647 39,572 48,420
(a) NBFI sector represent Licensed Finance Companies and Specialised Leasing Companies. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(b) Table has been modified due to consolidation between Finance Companies and Specialised Leasing Companies.
2005 2006 : Data pertaining to the Licensed Finance Companies
2007 2012 : Data pertaining to the Licensed Finance Companies and Specialised Leasing Companies
(c) Provisional.
115
Unit Trusts 2008 2012
Item 2008 2009 2010(a) 2011(b)(d) 2012(c)(d)
Income, Rs. 000

Interest 522,897 688,817 423,202 595,283 1,315,896
Dividend 111,660 116,449 131,941 190,100 218,911
Profit on Disposal of Shares 133,476 86,688 1,168,361 2,445,477 1,559,834
Profit on Trade of Units 45,175 51,756 42,380 476,629 182,123
Other -30,172 -772,170 1,939,553 2,218,172 -3,318,318
Profit for the Year, Rs. 000 599,838 131,852 2,839,003 5,921,909 -1,805,548
Retained Earnings, Rs. 000
Profit Brought Forward 1,160,723 1,248,801 413,500 4,569,991 9,252,567
Profit for the Year 599,709 133,410 2,945,195 5,921,909 -1,626,690
Net Creation on Income Equitation Account 35,133 -6,178
Less : Income Distribution 238,507 193,014 456,774 927,383 824,322
Total : Profit carried forward 1,248,801 808,121 2,901,972 9,524,786 6,112,494
Investments, Rs. 000
Shares & Bonds (Market Value) 3,674,312 2,796,544 6,844,266 11,559,902 8,292,433
Treasury Bills and Repurchase Agreements (cost) 308,206 849,847 1,176,598 796,981 1,194,222
Debentures (Market Value) 554,269 546,734 335,056 466,389 638,496
Debentures Unquoted (Cost) 20,726 4,000
Cash 1,282,829 1,665
Other (Repo, Commercial Papers, Bank Deposits) 1,775,481 1,772,474 5,719,545 2,368,336 5,611,316
Total 6,312,268 5,965,599 14,075,464 15,757,107 15,188,864
Net Current Assets, Rs. 000
Current Assets 438,082 1,704,817 6,308,240 1,800,432 1,975,342
Current Liabilities 153,932 94,458 167,624 360,477 451,421
Net Assets (Market Value of Funds), Rs. 000 6,020,590 7,388,408 14,846,101 15,436,715 12,704,196
Investments in Shares, No. of Shares
Banks, Finance & Insurance 15,981,129 14,971,130 7,560,160 10,288,261 29,606,267
Beverages, Food & Tobacco 2,103,070 4,005,560 1,363,500 1,759,600 14,220,175
Construction & Engineering 5,370 5,370
Power & Energy 22,792,900 24,080,199
Information & Technology 189,500 210,300
Land & Property 7,180,100 8,621,175
Manufacturing 39,746,719 36,305,065 11,514,399 14,058,310 17,753,211
Hotels & Travels 15,011,065 21,313,665 21,133,878 34,804,972 27,904,032
Footwear & Textiles 81,500 831,823
Plantations 9,336,800 27,188,966 27,268,307
Trading 886,733 382,433 871,933 7,353,247 4,591,781
Diversified Holdings 270,858 4,781,671 20,258,207
Motors 28,126 147,989
Telecommunication 47,076,470 32,035,270 21,421,920
Chemicals 50,000 410,700 877,200 782,100 975,330
Health Care 583,900 1,843,150
Oil Palms 25,100 5,681
Other 47,207,651 54,022,779 26,760,899 10,012,379 30,860,677
Total 120,986,367 131,411,332 126,766,097 173,951,272 230,605,594
Investments in Shares, Rs. 000 (Market Value)
Banks, Finance & Insurance 523,945 247,747 700,332 1,176,987 1,312,854
Beverages, Food & Tobacco 299,109 247,525 294,043 409,892 506,916
Construction & Engineering 1,370 5,263
Power & Energy 468,791 532,234
Information & Technology 3,240 1,724
Land & Property 228,742 206,519
Manufacturing 608,479 452,761 1,003,389 1,112,233 920,109
Hotels & Travels 492,120 600,168 2,408,500 3,707,935 1,575,744
Footwear & Textiles 2,323 325
Plantations 604,068 1,185,110 677,038
Trading 61,051 42,762 117,918 697,019 544,494
Diversified Holdings 237,345 772,989 483,332
Motors 23,790 10,419
Telecommunication 502,088 883,111 733,488
Chemicals 1,688 17,667 126,316 118,628 81,074
Health Care 2,730 5,749
Oil Palms 25,853 3,960
Other 1,687,920 1,187,913 1,368,461 840,521 768,171
Total 3,674,312 2,796,543 7,362,460 11,661,266 8,369,412
Total Cost on Share Investments, Rs. 000 2,871,701 3,085,745 3,965,640 6,276,554 194,092,849
Units in Issue (No.) 478,667,837 617,816,722 969,624,681 990,116,674 794,577,307
Dividends Paid, Rs. per Unit (Average) 5.8 4.5 0.9 42.0 88.0
Unit Holders (No.) 19,645 22,817 20,216 25,715 27,675
Buying Price of Units, Rs. per Unit (e) 11.4 12.5 24.5 156.5 161.0
Selling Price of Units, Rs. per Unit (e) 11.8 12.9 25.9 158.0 163.6
(a) Excluding data of First Capital Asset Management Ltd. Sources : Ceybank Asset Management Ltd. First Capital Assets Management Ltd.
(b) Revised. Comtrust Asset Management Ltd. Namal National Assets Management Ltd.
(c) Provisional Asset Trust Management NDB Aviva Wealth Management Ltd.
(d) Data reflects of 31 unit trust funds of 11 unit trust manage- Heraymila Capital (Pvt) Ltd. Orient Welth Ltd.
ment companies. Guardian Asset Management Ltd. J B Financial (Pvt) Ltd.
(e) Average Price for the year. Ceylon Asset Management Company Ltd.
116
Summary of Rural / Regional Development Banks 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011(a) 2012(b)
No. of Banks 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 1 1 1
Branches 207 209 212 214 227 228 236 243 248 254
Staff 1,581 1,579 1,653 1,885 1,921 1,931 1,946 1,912 2,103 2,357
Deposits
Amount, Rs. Mn. 7,686 10,243 14,221 18,751 21,985 25,919 30,905 37,950 46,154 54,710
Savings 4,986 6,316 7,729 9,406 10,727 11,746 13,906 16,945 17,264 18,631
Time & Other 2,699 3,927 6,492 9,345 11,259 14,173 16,998 21,005 28,890 36,079
Loans
Amount, Rs. Mn. 9,573 13,087 16,664 20,358 23,380 27,193 29,121 37,451 48,356 53,750
Investments, Rs. Mn. 1,722 1,266 1,573 3,749 2,410 2,515 3,251 4,750 994 11
Total Assets, Rs. Mn. 12,031 15,687 20,660 26,125 29,864 34,388 39,114 46,678 58,773 69,245
(a) Revised data. Source : Central Bank of Sri Lanka

(b) Provisional
Note : During 2010, 06 regional developments banks were amulgamated and Pradeshiya Sanwardhana Bank was established.
Table 11.13
Summary of Co-operative Rural Banks and Credit Societies 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Co-operative Rural Banks

No. of Banks 1,594 1,539 1,650 1,608 1,628 1,763 1,805 1,935 2,020 2,056
Deposits, Rs. Mn. 20,052 22,277 23,570 25,312 32,010 33,042 103,877 61,984 61,944 69,543
Savings Deposits 5,681 5,850 16,784 17,419 21,218 24,451 63,989 35,262 36,276 40,349
Time Deposits 14,371 16,207 6,786 7,892 10,792 8,591 39,886 26,723 23,268 26,649
Loans Granted, Rs. Mn. 4,205 6,859 8,248 8,944 9,321 9,775 67,424 44,398 47,762 52,648
Agriculture & Animal
Husbandry 403 489 3,104 3,200 3,450 3,277 4,315 2,952 5,072 5,465

Small Industries 138 926 469 506 509 618 2,089 2,626 3,086
Housing, Electrification &
Water 1,887 3,179 3,909 3,204 3,402 3,509
43,150
15,703 21,636 23,161
Commerce & Other Projects 396 373 308 312 325 399 6,059 6,800 7,349
Other 1,381 1,892 458 1,722 1,636 1,973 19,959 17,595 10,397 12,156

Thrift & Credit Co-operative
Societies
No. of Societies 8,440 8,470 8,440 8,440 8,440 8,440 8,440 8,440 8,424 8,424
Deposits, Rs. Mn. 4,490 3,731 3,731 3,936 3,870 3,565 4,483 4,764 5,311 5,287
Loans Granted, Rs. Mn. 2,921 2,770 2,770 2,525 2,584 3,105 3,093 3,205 3,987 4,175
Agriculture & Animal
Husbandry 563 496 496 562 635 755 955 1,037 1,243 1,461
Small Industries 249 815 815 172 192 208 265 273 483 434
Housing, Electrification &
Water 1,080 470 470 993 913 1,001 732 695 915 1,360
Commerce & Other Projects 302 312 312 369 501 503 796 865 673 564
Other 727 677 677 429 343 638 345 335 672 357
(a) Provisional Sources : Co-operative Development Department

Sanasa Federation
117
Transportation Table 12.1
Road Network 1995 2012
Kilometres
Year Class A Class B Class C Class D Class E Class E1 Total
1995 4,220 6,908 8,457 5,346 554 25,485

1996 4,221 6,926 8,457 5,346 554 25,503
1997 4,221 6,926 7,900 4,643 771 24,461
1998 4,222 6,926 7,756 4,564 891 24,359
1999 4,221 7,241 7,824 5,926 1,076 26,288
2000 4,222 7,265 7,315 5,425 1,735 25,962
2001 4,337 7,571 7,536 5,720 1,662 26,826
2002 4,339 7,670 7,682 5,763 1,700 27,154
2003 4,339 7,670 8,136 5,765 1,913 27,823
2004 4,339 7,679 8,136 5,771 1,935 27,860
2005 4,314 7,706 8,257 6,074 1,968 28,319
2006 4,219 7,553 9,565 (a) 5,412 (a) 26,750
2007 4,219 7,655 9,575 (a) 5,418 (a) 26,867
2008 4,219 7,670 9,552 (a) 5,546 (a) 26,988
2009 4,216 7,704 11,231 5,855 29,006
2010 4,219 7,800 11,316 5,783 29,119
2011 4,219 7,800 11,423 6,356 95 29,894
2012 4,219 7,945 11,304 6,288 95 29,850
(a) Excluding Northern Province. Sources : Road Development Authority

Provincial Councils
Table 12.2
Road Kilometerage by Province and District 2012
Province/ Class Class Class Class Class Class Total Province/ Class Class Class Class Class Class Total
District A B C D E E1 District A B C D E E1
Western 374 1,215 998 954 53 3,595 Eastern 620 551 722 376 2,269
Colombo 166 258 211 193 9 837 Batticaloa 206 61 254 131 652
Gampaha 128 616 370 515 1,629 Ampara 273 282 256 155 966
Kalutara 80 341 417 247 44 1,129 Trincomalee 141 209 211 90 651

Central 409 1,338 1,665 578 3,990 North Western 353 971 1,091 1,065 3,481
Kandy 184 563 920 352 2,018 Kurunegala 197 638 668 842 2,345
Matale 105 283 303 177 868 Puttalam 156 333 423 223 1,136
Nuwara Eliya 120 492 443 49 1,103
North Central 495 699 1,211 736 3,141
Southern 347 1,149 924 720 42 3,183 Anuradhapura 353 468 741 698 2,259
Galle 97 393 389 272 42 1,192 Polonnaruwa 143 230 471 39 882
Matara 135 252 296 248 930
Hambantota 115 504 240 200 1,060 Uva 471 693 1,559 180 2,903
Badulla 267 432 1,001 180 1,880
Northern 734 524 1,886 134 3,279 Monaragala 204 261 558 1,023
Jaffna 381 277 535 36 1,230
Kilinochchi 254 26 281 Sabaragamuwa 416 804 1,247 1,544 4,011
Mannar (a) 128 54 392 20 594 Kegalle 144 365 559 714 1,781
Mullaitivu 113 92 398 24 627 Ratnapura 272 440 688 830 2,230
Vavuniya 113 102 306 27 547

(a) Total of Mannar and Kilinochchi districts (only for Class A & B roads) Sources : Road Development Authority
Provincial Councils
A Class All roads within the network of Trunk Roads connecting the national capital with the provincial capitals and also connecting these capitals
with one another. Also included are other major roads (all roads paved and bitumen surfaced with carriage way between 24ft. to 36ft. and
platform width 36ft. to 56ft.).
B Class Main roads connecting other important towns and also providing important links within the trunk route system (Metalled and bitumen with
a small percentage gravelled.).
C Class Other roads such as agricultural roads and local roads (Single carriage way of 12ft. width and a platform width of 22ft. mostly metalled but
with a small percentage gravelled.).
D Class Gravelled road with 8ft. 10ft. width surface generally motorable during dry weather only.
E Class Briddle paths, generally unmotorable but some are jeepable.
E1 Class Southern Expressway
118
Road Kilometerage by Province
Road Western Central Southern Northern Eastern North North Uva Sabara- All
Class Western Central gamuwa Island
Year 2008
Class A 374 409 347 734 620 354 495 471 416 4,219
Class B 1,209 1,311 1,019 524 528 934 649 693 804 7,670
Class C 998 1,665 996 722 1,091 1,260 1,559 1,260 9,552
Class D 924 578 775 376 1,065 756 180 892 5,546
Class E
Total 3,506 3,963 3,137 1,259 2,246 3,443 3,160 2,903 3,371 26,988
Year 2009
Class A 374 409 347 734 620 353 494 469 416 4,216
Class B 1,209 1,316 1,019 524 528 962 649 693 804 7,704
Class C 998 1,665 1,026 1,458 722 1,261 1,282 1,559 1,260 11,231
Class D 924 578 803 502 376 845 756 180 892 5,855
Class E
Total 3,506 3,967 3,194 3,219 2,246 3,421 3,181 2,901 3,372 29,006
Year 2010
Class A 374 409 347 734 620 353 495 471 416 4,219
Class B 1,209 1,331 1,019 524 551 971 699 693 804 7,800
Class C 998 1,665 1,026 1,825 722 1,091 1,282 1,559 1,148 11,316
Class D 954 578 803 134 376 1,065 756 180 937 5,783
Class E
Total 3,536 3,982 3,194 3,218 2,269 3,481 3,231 2,903 3,305 29,119
Year 2011
Class A 374 409 347 734 620 353 495 471 416 4,219
Class B 1,209 1,331 1,019 524 551 971 699 693 804 7,800
Class C 998 1,665 1,026 1,886 722 1,091 1,230 1,559 1,247 11,424
Class D 954 578 803 134 376 1,065 722 180 1,544 6,356
Class E
Class E1 53 42 95
Total 3,588 3,982 3,236 3,279 2,269 3,481 3,146 2,903 4,011 29,894
Year 2012
Class A 374 409 347 734 620 353 495 471 416 4,219
Class B 1,215 1,338 1,149 524 551 971 699 693 804 7,945
Class C 998 1,665 924 1,886 722 1,091 1,211 1,559 1,247 11,304
Class D 954 578 720 134 376 1,065 736 180 1,544 6,288
Class E
Class E1 53 42 95
Total 3,595 3,990 3,183 3,279 2,269 3,481 3,141 2,903 4,011 29,850
Sources : Road Development Authority

Provincial Councils
A Class All roads within the network of Trunk Roads connecting the national capital with the provincial capitals and also connecting these capitals
with one another. Also included are other major roads (all roads paved and bitumen surfaced with carriage way between 24ft. to 36ft. and
platform width 36ft. to 56ft.).
B Class Main roads connecting other important towns and also providing important links within the trunk route system (Metalled and bitumen
with a small percentage gravelled.).
C Class Other roads such as agricultural roads and local roads (Single carriage way of 12ft. width and a platform width of 22ft. mostly metalled
but with a small percentage gravelled.).
D Class Gravelled road with 8ft. 10ft. width surface generally motorable during dry weather only.
E Class Briddle paths, generally unmotorable but some are jeepable.
E1 Class Southern Expressway
119
Motor Vehicles by Province(a)
Number
North North Sabara- All

Vehicle Category Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva
Year 2010 (b)

Omnibuses 6,916 1,257 1,916 485 543 774 441 547 670 13,549
Private Coaches 12,090 4,332 2,421 534 752 3,641 858 1,003 2,334 27,965
Dual Purpose Vehicles 105,831 24,683 15,502 1,380 4,291 21,418 6,974 5,524 9,306 194,909
Private Cars 200,986 28,987 17,924 1,630 3,056 19,572 5,247 4,842 9,738 291,982
Land Vehicles 88,570 22,817 19,255 1,929 8,171 28,301 11,009 8,231 12,804 201,087
Goods Transport Vehicles 15,404 4,607 15,836 4,653 16,019 12,124 7,994 5,754 2,915 85,306
Motor Cycles 464,435 82,297 182,996 47,330 131,577 218,461 115,579 46,667 70,873 1,360,215
Threewheelers 179,124 56,912 63,203 4,235 26,886 46,728 25,637 24,114 53,233 480,072
Others 1,743 425 341 568 965 390 151 100 79 4,762
Total
1,075,099 226,317 319,394 62,744 192,260 351,409 173,890 96,782 161,952 2,659,847

Year 2011 (b)
Omnibuses 7,778 1,371 2,065 808 412 1,058 225 496 643 14,856
Private Coaches 12,696 3,306 2,417 539 850 3,826 1,341 1,148 2,302 28,425
Private Cars 235,034 28,993 22,670 2,505 4,206 24,863 7,130 5,695 10,852 341,948
Land Vehicles 15,177 3,369 16,700 9,794 17,111 14,073 8,121 7,198 1,510 93,053
Motor Cycles 510,509 77,049 210,699 85,347 140,957 254,712 124,820 60,813 70,777 1,535,683
Threewheelers 213,177 66,886 79,167 10,402 26,840 61,658 31,729 32,546 63,154 585,559
Others 1,194 85 0 823 102 167 60 84 83 2,598
Total
1,204,099 223,175 373,517 117,954 204,006 417,675 194,893 123,741 170,523 3,029,583

Year 2012 (c)
Omnibuses 7,388 1,338 1,955 1,179 407 1,047 187 531 878 14,910
Private Coaches 13,421 3,662 2,727 946 820 3,813 1,335 1,229 2,789 30,742
Private Cars 244,736 32,795 24,934 4,343 4,975 25,592 8,281 7,183 14,871 367,710
Land Vehicles 14,367 3,752 16,279 14,022 18,667 14,712 8,490 7,454 3,097 100,840
Motor Cycles 542,858 86,740 226,258 139,982 146,587 263,638 134,044 62,250 99,664 1,702,021
Threewheelers 238,017 82,009 90,606 16,695 29,594 70,750 37,296 40,078 81,289 686,334
Others 769 147 0 1,153 189 282 79 87 126 2,832
Total
1,279,616 258,028 406,930 191,040 215,451 439,304 214,501 137,015 232,594 3,374,479
(a) Motor Vehicles with valid revenue licenses. Sources : Divisional Secretariats
(b) Revenue licenses issued by some Divisional Secretariats in Northern, Eastern and
North Western provinces are not included.
(c) Provisional.
120
New Registration of Motor Vehicles 2003 2012
Number
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Passenger Transport 146,214 189,546 191,133 252,016 250,816 222,173 179,286 316,022 453,891 325,740
Buses and Coaches 1,949 2,167 2,069 3,346 2,637 1,180 739 2,491 4,248 3,095
Private Cars 21,184 19,116 17,283 27,578 22,603 20,237 5,762 23,072 57,886 31,546
Motor Cycles 86,877 124,474 130,696 156,626 182,508 155,952 135,421 204,811 253,331 192,284
Three Wheelers 36,204 43,789 41,085 64,466 43,068 44,804 37,364 85,648 138,426 98,815

Goods Transport 24,282 21,439 21,037 27,681 23,601 16,894 9,697 23,557 48,336 49,663
Lorries 10,787 10,410 13,838 19,775 17,994 13,588 8,016 10,803 12,446 10,445
Duel Purpose Vehicles 13,268 10,736 6,851 7,245 5,193 2,856 1,280 11,712 33,518 37,397
Others 227 293 348 661 414 450 401 1,042 2,372 1,821

Land Vehicles 10,862 12,857 17,423 20,825 23,476 26,132 15,092 19,664 23,194 21,892
Tractors 1,166 1,952 2,980 3,959 3,432 3,339 2,286 4,389 6,649 6,221
Hand Tractors 8,838 9,530 12,480 15,081 17,914 20,724 11,473 12,974 13,424 12,229
Others 858 1,375 1,963 1,785 2,130 2,069 1,333 2,301 3,121 3,442

Others 144 76

Total 181,502 223,842 229,669 300,522 297,893 265,199 204,075 359,243 525,421 397,295
(a) Provisional Source : Department of Motor Traffic
Table 12.6
SLTB/Regional Bus Companies 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011(a) 2012(b)
Operational
Passenger Journeys, Mn. 960 940 860 852 920 910 918 669 671 639
Buses Scheduled
(Average Daily), No. 6,746 6,750 6,994 7,008 7,110 7,112 7,134 7,129 4,933 4,694
Buses Operated
(Average Daily), No. 4,336 4,133 3,828 3,885 4,127 4,246 4,482 4,441 4,365 4,314
Operated Kilometres 336 296 259 262 305 313 332 341 341 338
Passenger Kilometres (c), Mn. 17,446 14,537 12,670 12,871 14,727 15,080 15,131 16,274 11,907 11,909
Seat Kilometres (d), Mn. 16,775 14,250 12,451 12,829 15,039 15,569 15,780 16,576 17,012 17,007
Average Passenger Journey, km. 13.6 13.2 15.1 15.1 16.0 16.6 17.1 17.1 17.7 18.7
Load Factor (e), % 104.0 84.8 102.0 99.0 97.0 96.0 96.0 71.3 70.0 70.0
Average Capacity of
Vehicles Operated, No. 50 50 50 n.a. 50 52 52 49 48 51
Average Vehicle Utilization (f),
km. Operated 200 187 185 n.a. 202 201 199 204 214 214
Revenue, Rs. Mn. 6,642 8,999 10,007 12,668 15,441 18,083 21,528 21,560 21,018 26,303
of which :
Way Bill Collection 6,338 6,030 6,417 7,917 10,695 12,973 13,442 14,658 15,176 18,210
Sales of Season Tickets 304 270 285 199 359 528 536 542 553 654
(a) Revised Source : Sri Lanka Transport Board

(b) Provisional
(c) Total Revenue / Average Fare per Kilometre.
(d) Operated Kilometres Average Capacity.
(e) Passenger Kilometres
100
Seat Kilometres
(f) Per Bus per Day.
n.a. Not available
121
Sri Lanka Railways 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Rolling Stock, No.

Locomotives (b)
Broad Gauge 202 202 202 178* 178* 187 187 191 68 69
Dual Gauge (KV-Line) 7 7 7
Passenger Coaches
Broad Gauge 1,045 1,152 1,152 750** 750** 800 800 800 560 560
Goods Wagons
Broad Gauge 2,168 2,135 2,135 1,245** 1,245** 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,090 1,090

Route, km.
Broad Gauge 1,390 1,128 1,127 1,143 1,143 1,143 1,150 1,153 1,448 1,448

Main Stations, No.
Broad Gauge 160 142 151 172 172 172 172 172 183 183

Sub Stations, No.
Broad Gauge 147 130 144 161 161 161 162 162 160 160

Passenger Journeys, Mn.
Ordinary Ticket Passengers (c) 62 64 59 44 48 53 54 52 49 62
Season Ticket Passengers 51 50 55 61 62 52 48 49 47 44

Passenger Kilometres (d), Mn.
Ordinary Ticket Passengers 2,473 3,170 2,767 1,875 2,147 2,932 2,964 2,814 2,912 3,340
Season Ticket Passengers (e) 2,132 1,510 1,589 1,744 1,773 1,749 1,604 1,539 1,663 1,699

Revenue from Passenger Traffic, Rs. Mn.
Ordinary Ticket Passengers 776 994 1,148 1,385 1,586 2,024 2,495 2,136 2,445 2,811
Season Ticket Passengers 201 271 331 441 447 699 777 692 794 517

Coaching Train Kilometre, Mn. km. 8.2 8.0 8.0 7.8 8.8 9.0 9.8 10.0 10.1

Goods Hauled, Mn. Tons 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.7 1.9 2.1

Ton Kilometreage of Goods
Hauled (f), Mn. 129 134 135 138 133 121 114 163 154 143

Receipts from Goods Traffic, Rs. Mn. 211 260 270 393 314 364 337 420 430 447

Goods Train Kilometres, Mn. km. 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.5

Gross Receipts, Rs. Mn. 1,365 1,678 1,958 2,491 2,999 3,671 4,020 4,018 4,235

Working Expenditure, Rs. Mn. 3,383 4,328 5,512 6,472 7,297 8,225 8,788 7,192 8,295

Personnel Strength, No. 16,957 17,173 16,360 16,761 15,829 15,168 15,273 15,488 15,480
(a) Provisional Source : Sri Lanka Railways

(b) Locomotives include all engines, steam and diesel and power sets and rail cars.
(c) Number of journeys taken by passengers holding ordinary tickets (or number of ordinary ticket holders.).
(d) Number of passengers travelled distance travelled.
(e) Number of season ticket holders multiplied by 40 (assuming that a season ticket holder usually takes
40 numbers of journey for a month).
(f) Number of tons hauled distance hauled.
* Maintainable Stock (including DMUs, Shunting Locos)
** Maintainable Stock
122
Aviation Air Lanka / Sri Lankan Airlines 2004 2012
Item 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Scheduled Services
Kilometres Flown, 000 42,075 42,279 45,357 47,644 46,798 38,012 40,451 52,757 66,559
Hours Flown 61,790 63,700 67,255 69,184 67,796 54,228 62,003 74,886 93,922
Passengers Carried, No. 2,412,889 2,807,920 3,121,565 3,210,636 2,969,687 2,435,479 2,807,889 3,261,341 4,164,234
Freight Tons Carried, No. 78,559 89,826 98,070 97,735 87,381 69,106 83,147 87,919 97,829
Passenger Kilometres Flown, 000 8,315,689 8,545,296 9,356,000 9,841,000 9,168,854 7,851,363 9,399,619 10,676,945 12,790,217
Available Seat Kilometres, 000 11,340,275 11,610,625 12,297,060 12,461,735 12,337,859 10,382,321 12,076,114 13,733,446 15,871,522
Passenger Load Factor, % 73.3 73.6 76.1 79.0 74.3 75.6 77.8 77.7 80.6
Total Tonne Kilometres
Performed, 000 1,040,983 1,079,361 1,114,903 1,224,232 1,145,858 976,052 1,472,746 1,287,385 1,493,190
Passengers
(Including Excess Baggage) 751,312 779,125 793,177 886,493 819,692 699,448 1,154,213 943,146 1,118,415
Freight & Mail 289,671 300,236 321,726 337,740 326,165 276,604 318,533 344,239 374,775
Available Tonne Kilometres, 000 1,502,257 1,521,553 1,681,102 1,717,548 1,714,940 1,477,005 1,716,252 1,917,296 2,175,677
Weight Load Factor, % 55.1 58.1 59.0 60.0 66.8 66.1 85.8 55.1 53.0
Employment, No. 4,510 5,376 5,362 5,213 4,874 4,664 4,969 5,487 6,159
(a) Provisional Source : Sri Lankan Airlines
Table 12.9
Port Services 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Vessels Arrived 4,032 3,883 4,139 4,469 4,710 4,814 4,456 4,067 4,332 4,134
Colombo (b) 3,838 3,688 3,929 4,228 4,326 4,424 4,114 3,910 4,124 3,870
Galle 73 88 114 100 87 68 32 48 73 69
Trincomalee 121 107 96 141 297 322 310 109 126 161
Hambanthota 9 34
Cargo Discharged, MT 000 19,959 22,069 24,145 27,038 28,621 30,451 29,284 36,585 39,448 39,806
Colombo (b) 17,830 19,688 21,540 24,085 26,110 28,086 27,214 34,307 36,642 36,721
Galle 482 581 655 735 626 458 166 318 464 422
Trincomalee 1,647 1,800 1,950 2,218 1,884 1,907 1,904 1,960 2,337 2,646
Hambanthota 5 17
Cargo Loaded, MT 000 10,541 11,893 13,155 15,623 17,723 20,132 19,494 24,655 25,620 25,165
Colombo 10,368 11,611 12,982 15,342 17,392 19,874 19,159 24,461 25,373 24,949
Galle 0 0 0 0.3 0.5 1.5 0.8 0.4 0.3 0
Trincomalee 173 282 173 280 331 256 334 194 237 213
Hambanthota 10 3
Total Cargo Handled (b)
(Port of Colombo), MT 000 28,198 31,299 34,522 39,428 43,502 47,960 46,373 58,768 62,016 61,670
Containerised 21,564 24,542 27,344 31,947 35,934 40,490 39,601 51,426 54,109 53,504
Break Bulk 1,458 1,139 1,123 1,060 1,048 838 649 627 722 618
Dry Bulk 1,611 1,521 2,015 2,188 2,257 2,565 2,097 2,556 2,620 2,709
Liquid Bulk 3,565 4,097 4,040 4,233 4,264 4,068 4,026 4,159 4,565 4,839
Container Throughput
(Port of Colombo), TEU 1,959,336 2,220,525 2,455,297 3,079,085 3,381,242 3,687,338 3,464,297 4,137,441 4,262,887 4,187,120
Domestic 589,217 689,422 739,252 748,896 803,076 813,271 751,992 932,244 1,046,886 1,020,255
Transhipment 1,287,469 1,461,435 1,646,501 2,249,500 2,468,661 2,785,422 2,633,055 3,095,589 3,123,828 3,064,767
Re-Stowing 82,650 69,668 69,544 80,689 109,505 88,645 79,250 109,608 92,173 102,098
Revenue, Rs. Mn. 16,356 17,861 20,552 23,004 25,913 25,143 23,331 28,280 31,251 38,707
Colombo 15,856 17,263 19,789 22,318 25,296 24,561 22,816 27,724 30,512 37,548
Galle 314 393 449 465 361 314 178 277 441 602
Trincomalee 186 205 312 221 256 268 337 279 285 422
Hambanthota 13 135
Employees 13,418 13,233 13,527 13,660 13,667 13,715 13,367 12,828 11,008 10,200
Colombo 12,522 11,888 12,217 12,382 12,470 12,548 12,263 11,747 10,109 9,373
Galle 638 634 622 615 577 553 513 480 433 391
Trincomalee 776 711 688 663 620 614 591 601 466 436
(a) Provisional Source : Sri Lanka Ports Authority

(b) Including South Asia Gateway Terminal Ltd., that commenced Cargo Handling
at the QEQ with effect from 5 September 1999.
123
Selected Public Transport Indicators by Province

Item Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva
Sri Lanka Railways

Operated Kilometers, Mn.
2008 4.5 0.7 0.9 0.3 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.2 0.3 9.3
2009 4.7 0.7 1.0 0.3 0.6 1.2 0.7 0.2 0.3 9.7
2010 4.8 0.6 1.0 0.3 0.6 1.2 0.7 0.2 0.3 9.8
2011 4.9 0.8 1.0 0.3 0.6 1.2 0.7 0.2 0.3 10.0
Passenger Kilometers, Mn.
2008 3,222.4 324.9 355.1 25.0 134.8 250.2 165.0 67.9 136.1 4,681.3
2009 3,186.9 336.2 305.8 32.3 159.2 208.7 152.2 96.0 117.5 4,594.8
2010 2,782.3 283.7 232.0 165.9 208.3 254.6 189.5 98.6 138.1 4,352.8
2011 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

Freight Tonne Kilometers, Mn.
2008 31.3 4.9 5.9 0.1 16.5 49.0 9.5 2.3 1.1 120.6
2009 27.4 5.7 5.0 1.9 11.9 47.8 9.4 2.9 1.8 113.8
2010 42.3 6.6 8.0 0.1 22.3 66.1 12.8 3.1 1.5 162.8
2011 37.4 5.8 7.1 0.1 19.7 58.4 11.3 2.8 1.4 143.9

Private Bus Services
Total Fleet
2008 7,405 2,705 1,765 652 455 2,111 873 1,259 1,440 18,665
2009 7,256 2,676 1,768 660 588 2,106 761 1,075 1,775 18,665
2010 6,901 3,087 1,800 661 650 2,307 1,019 1,163 2,217 19,805
2011 7,137 2,953 1,806 1,217 730 2,352 1,009 1,147 1,348 19,699
Buses Operated
2008 5,250 1,900 1,270 231 390 1,475 611 881 1,108 13,116
2009 5,079 1,873 1,238 462 412 1,474 533 753 1,243 13,066
2010 5,535 2,476 1,444 530 521 1,850 817 933 1,778 15,884
2011 5,803 2,739 1,612 993 471 1,836 948 1,027 1,174 16,602
Seating Capacity
2008 259,175 94,675 61,775 22,820 15,925 73,885 30,555 44,065 50,400 653,275
2009 228,564 93,660 61,880 23,100 20,580 73,710 26,635 37,625 62,125 653,275
2010 249,057 111,410 64,962 23,855 23,459 83,260 36,776 41,973 80,012 714,762
2011 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
2008 252.9 91.5 61.2 11.1 18.8 71.1 29.4 42.4 53.4 631.8
2009 244.7 90.2 59.6 22.3 19.8 71.0 25.7 36.3 59.9 629.5
2010 266.7 119.3 69.6 25.5 25.1 89.1 39.4 44.9 85.7 765.3
2011 279.6 131.9 77.7 47.9 22.7 88.4 45.7 49.5 56.5 799.9
Passenger Kilometers, Mn.
2008 13,279.6 4,805.9 3,212.4 584.3 986.5 3,730.9 1,545.5 2,228.4 2,802.6 33,176.1
2009 12,847.6 4,738.4 3,130.4 1,168.6 1,041.3 3,728.9 1,347.4 1,903.4 3,142.8 33,048.8
2010 13,999.5 6,262.3 3,651.5 1,341.9 1,318.6 4,680.0 2,067.3 2,359.3 4,497.4 40,177.8
2011 14,678.9 6,927.2 4,078.0 2,512.2 1,191.4 4,643.1 2,396.9 2,597.2 2,968.6 41,993.4

SLCTB / Regional Bus Companies
Buses Operated
2009 1,139 666 414 134 224 515 332 409 636 4,469
2010 1,083 645 431 168 229 503 336 411 621 4,427
2011 1,077 628 438 165 229 491 341 378 603 4,350
2012(a) 1,035 635 421 159 203 497 351 388 610 4,299
Passenger Kilometers. Mn.
2009 2,804.0 1,551.0 1,262.0 253.0 776.0 1,387.0 1,036.0 1,029.0 1,171.0 11,269.0
2010 2,798.1 1,586.6 1,395.5 437.1 833.0 1,415.4 1,070.2 1,051.4 1,227.6 11,814.9
2011 2,911.7 1,650.9 1,469.2 445.7 841.2 1,401.8 1,081.8 984.0 1,120.5 11,906.7
2012(a) 2,882.1 1,691.5 1,367.8 471.8 734.9 1,434.1 1,078.9 985.5 1,262.6 11,909.2
2009 76.0 41.0 37.0 8.0 19.0 41.0 27.0 30.0 37.0 316.0
2010 81.2 43.1 39.3 14.2 21.3 42.0 29.6 31.3 38.7 340.6
2011 82.2 42.8 40.6 14.2 21.5 41.3 29.9 28.8 38.2 339.5
2012(a) 78.9 42.8 37.8 14.4 19.5 42.5 31.2 29.3 39.8 336.1
(a) Provisional Sources : National Transport Commission
Sri Lanka Railways
124
SOcio-Economic Services Table 13.1
National Level Findings of the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES)
by Survey Period Sri Lanka
HIES Survey period
Variable Unit
1980/81 1985/86 1990/91 1995/96 2002 2005 2006/07 2009/10
Mean household income per month Rs. 881 2,012 3,549 6,476 12,803 20,048 26,286 36,451
Median household income per month Rs. 642 1,322 2,547 3,793 8,482 13,617 16,735 23,746
Mean per capita income per month Rs. 180 395 724 1,439 3,056 4,896 6,463 9,104
Income receivers mean income per month Rs. 469 941 1,819 3,367 6,959 10,563 14,457 20,427
No. of income receivers per household Nos. 1.6 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.8
Household size Nos: 4.9 5.1 4.9 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0
Monetary income per month per household Rs. 749 1,334 2,963 5,264 10,386 17,089 22,616 31,209
Non-Monetary income per month per household Rs. 132 678 586 1,212 2,419 2,959 3,670 5,242
Gini coefficient of household income 0.43 0.46 0.43 0.46 0.47 0.47 0.49 0.49
Gini coefficient of household expenditure 0.36 0.41 0.40 0.41 0.37
Gini coefficient of income receivers income 0.43 0.52 0.52 0.53 0.55 0.55 0.55
Mean household expenditure per month Rs. 1,232 2,079 3,905 6,525 13,147 19,151 22,952 31,331
Expenditure on food and drink Rs. 801 1,198 2,377 3,552 5,848 7,593 8,641 13,267
Expenditure on non food items

(excluding liquor, narcotic drugs and tobacco) Rs. 377 802 1,384 2,753 6,993 11,079 14,311 17,399
Expenditure on liquor, narcotic drugs and tobacco Rs. 54 79 144 219 306 479 492 655
Food Ratio (as a percentage) % 65.0 57.6 64.6 54.4 44.5 39.6 37.6 42.3
Poverty Head Count Ratio % 26.1 28.8 22.7 15.2 8.9
Source : Household Income and Expenditure Survey Series,

Department of Census and Statistics
125
Average Monthly Household Expenditure on Selected Food/Non-Food Items
by HIES Survey Period Sri Lanka
HIES Survey period
Expenditure Group
1980/81 1985/86 1990/91 1995/96 2002 2005 2006/07 2009/10
Average Monthly Expenditure (Rs.)

Food Expenditure
Rice 252 306 610 752 1,052 1,051 1,197 2,298
Wheat Flour 19 31 35 39 72 94 97 189
Bread 37 64 107 158 254 273 303 426
Condiments 64 119 252 353 532 687 803 1,209
Pulses 19 44 115 130 185 259 304 547
Vegetables 73 120 235 296 464 617 727 1,006
Coconuts 66 71 130 244 426 429 473 738
Meat 14 31 80 156 188 337 366 517
Fish 40 71 137 233 371 647 744 1,163
Dried Fish 28 48 101 162 218 290 348 492
Milk & Milk Products 27 52 122 254 489 748 754 1,038
Eggs 6 11 26 39 47 78 85 134
Fruit 10 15 32 62 212 296 294 386
Sugar 62 76 155 184 193 248 315 452
Other Food & Drinks 80 151 234 490 1,446 1,539 1,831 2,672
Total 797 1,210 2,371 3,552 6,149 7,593 8,641 13,267
Non-Food Expenditure
Housing 66 148 340 825 1,661 2,054 2,639 3,446
Fuel and Light 67 104 180 294 552 811 1,042 1,278
Clothing and Textile and Foot-Wear 53 95 159 282 388 588 694 903
Personal Care and Health 36 80 148 309 581 1,106 980 1,429
Transport and Communication 62 105 192 382 929 1,733 2,401 3,072
Education 17 29 66 128 315 473 632 1,018
Cultural and Entertainment 10 33 69 149 255 260 402
Non-Durable Household Goods 19 59 87 142 315 301 264
Consumer Durables 25 39 53 121 318 713 786 780
Other Non-Consumer Expenditure 22 202 153 256 1,957 3,033 4,083 4,807
Liquor and Tobacco 54 79 144 219 306 479 492 665
Total 431 881 1,527 2,972 7,298 11,560 14,310 18,064
Average Monthly Expenditure (% share)

Food Expenditure
Rice 31.5 25.3 22.4 21.2 17.1 13.8 13.9 17.3
Wheat Flour 2.4 2.6 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.4
Bread 4.7 5.3 4.2 4.4 4.2 3.6 3.5 3.2
Condiments 8.0 10.4 9.1 9.9 8.6 9.0 9.3 9.1
Pulses 2.4 3.6 4.4 3.7 3.0 3.4 3.5 4.1
Vegetables 7.5 9.9 8.8 8.3 7.5 8.1 8.4 7.6
Coconuts 8.2 5.9 8.6 6.9 7.0 5.6 5.5 5.6
Meat 1.8 2.5 3.1 4.4 3.1 4.4 4.2 3.9
Fish 4.9 5.8 5.1 6.6 6.0 8.5 8.6 8.8
Dried Fish 3.2 4.0 4.0 4.6 3.5 3.6 4.0 3.7
Milk & Milk Products 3.3 4.3 4.7 7.1 7.9 9.8 8.7 7.8
Eggs 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0
Fruit 1.2 1.2 1.4 1.7 3.4 3.9 3.4 2.9
Sugar 7.8 6.3 6.2 5.2 3.1 3.3 3.6 3.4
Other Food & Drinks 12.3 12.0 15.4 13.8 23.5 20.3 21.2 20.1
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Non-Food Expenditure
Housing 15.3 18.5 22.3 27.8 22.8 17.8 18.4 19.1
Fuel and Light 15.5 13.0 11.8 9.9 7.6 7.0 7.3 7.1
Clothing and Textile and Foot-Wear 12.3 11.8 10.4 9.5 5.3 5.1 4.9 5.0
Personal Care and Health 8.4 10.0 9.7 10.4 8.0 9.6 6.9 7.9
Transport and Communication 14.4 13.1 12.6 12.9 12.7 15.0 16.8 17.0
Education 3.9 3.6 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.4 5.6
Cultural and Entertainment 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.2 1.8 2.2
Non-Durable Household Goods 4.4 3.9 2.9 1.9 2.7 2.1 1.5
Consumer Durables 5.8 4.9 3.5 4.1 4.4 6.2 5.5 4.3
Other Non-Consumer Expenditure 5.1 25.2 10.0 8.6 26.8 26.2 28.5 26.6
Liquor and Tobacco 12.5 9.9 9.4 7.4 4.2 4.1 3.4 3.7
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Source : Household Income and Expenditure Survey Series,

126 Department of Census and Statistics
Poverty Indicators by Sector, Province and District
Poverty Head Count Index (Percentage) Poor Household Poverty Gap Index
by HIES Survey Period Percentage (%)
Sector / Province / District
1990/91 1995/96 2002 2006/07 2009/10 2006/07 2009/10 2006/07 2009/10
Sri Lanka 26.1 28.8 22.7 15.2 8.9 12.6 7.0 3.1 1.7

Sector
Urban 16.3 14.0 7.9 6.7 5.3 5.0 3.8 1.3 1.2
Rural 29.5 30.9 24.7 15.7 9.4 13.1 7.5 3.2 1.8
Estate 20.5 38.4 30.0 32.0 11.4 25.8 8.9 6.2 2.1

Province
Western 19.1 16.3 10.8 8.2 4.2 6.5 3.0 1.5 0.8
Central 30.7 36.2 25.1 22.3 9.7 18.2 8.2 4.6 1.8
Southern 30.2 32.6 27.8 13.8 9.8 11.0 7.5 2.6 1.8
Northern n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 12.8 n.a. 10.0 n.a. 2.1
Eastern n.a. n.a. n.a. 10.8 14.8 9.0 12.4 2.1 3.2
North Western 25.8 27.7 27.3 14.6 11.3 12.2 8.2 2.9 2.4
North Central 24.5 24.7 21.5 14.2 5.7 11.8 4.6 2.8 1.0
Uva 31.9 46.7 37.2 27.0 13.7 23.8 12.0 6.2 2.4
Sabaragamuwa 31.0 41.7 33.6 24.2 10.6 20.2 8.7 4.9 2.1

District
Colombo 16.2 12.0 6.4 5.4 3.6 3.9 2.5 1.0 0.7
Gampaha 14.7 14.1 10.7 8.7 3.9 7.2 3.0 1.4 0.7
Kalutara 32.3 29.5 20.0 13.0 6.0 10.3 4.1 2.7 1.3
Kandy 35.9 36.7 24.9 17.0 10.3 13.9 8.3 3.8 2.2
Matale 28.7 41.9 29.6 18.9 11.4 15.7 9.3 3.7 2.0
Nuwara Eliya 20.1 32.1 22.6 33.8 7.6 27.5 7.1 6.8 1.0
Galle 29.7 31.6 25.8 13.7 10.3 10.7 7.9 2.9 2.1
Matara 29.2 35.0 27.5 14.7 11.2 11.7 8.3 2.4 1.7
Hambantota 32.4 31.0 32.2 12.7 6.9 10.5 5.4 2.5 1.3
Jaffna n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 16.1 n.a. 12.4 n.a. 2.6
Mannar n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Vavuniya n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 2.3 n.a. 2.0 n.a. 0.3
Mullaitivu n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Kilinochchi n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Batticaloa n.a. n.a. n.a. 10.7 20.3 9.5 17.0 1.5 5.1
Ampara n.a. n.a. n.a. 10.9 11.8 8.7 10.0 2.4 2.3
Trincomalee n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 11.7 n.a. 9.0 n.a. 1.8
Kurunegala 27.2 26.2 25.4 15.4 11.7 12.9 8.6 3.1 2.6
Puttalam 22.3 31.1 31.3 13.1 10.5 10.6 7.5 2.3 2.0
Anuradhapura 24.4 27.0 20.4 14.9 5.7 12.7 4.6 2.8 1.0
Polonnaruwa 24.9 20.1 23.7 12.7 5.8 10.0 4.5 2.8 1.0
Badulla 31.0 41.0 37.3 23.7 13.3 21.0 10.9 5.3 2.2
Monaragala 33.7 56.2 37.2 33.2 14.5 29.2 13.9 7.8 2.8
Ratnapura 30.8 46.4 34.4 26.6 10.4 21.5 8.5 5.3 2.4
Kegalle 31.2 36.3 32.5 21.1 10.8 18.4 9.0 4.3 1.7
n.a. Not available Source : Department of Census and Statistics
127
Daily Average Dietary Energy Consumption per Person by Poverty Status, Sector, Province and District
2006/07 and 2009/10
Kilo calories
2006 / 07 (a) 2009 / 10 (b)

Sector / Province / District Poor Non-Poor All Poor Non-Poor All
Households Households Households Households Households Households
Sri Lanka 1,696 2,194 2,118 1,472 2,155 2,094

Sector
Urban 1,316 1,949 1,906 1,139 1,922 1,881
Rural 1,686 2,222 2,138 1,497 2,180 2,116
Estate 1,984 2,626 2,420 1,596 2,477 2,377

Province
Western 1,471 2,022 1,977 1,209 1,968 1,936
Central 1,808 2,325 2,210 1,531 2,274 2,202
Southern 1,669 2,228 2,151 1,469 2,173 2,104
Northern n.a. n.a. n.a. 1,511 2,306 2,204
Eastern 1,686 2,242 2,182 1,536 2,155 2,063
North Western 1,574 2,254 2,154 1,398 2,194 2,104
North Central 1,746 2,300 2,221 1,483 2,248 2,204
Uva 1,886 2,406 2,266 1,721 2,398 2,305
Sabaragamuwa 1,734 2,267 2,138 1,509 2,252 2,173

District
Colombo 1,301 1,955 1,920 1,054 1,888 1,858
Gampaha 1,503 2,031 1,985 1,271 1,990 1,961
Kalutara 1,573 2,150 2,075 1,316 2,090 2,043
Kandy 1,675 2,231 2,137 1,455 2,161 2,088
Matale 1,710 2,245 2,144 1,620 2,257 2,184
Nuwara Eliya 1,962 2,598 2,383 1,634 2,484 2,419
Galle 1,533 2,163 2,077 1,370 2,098 2,024
Matara 1,710 2,211 2,137 1,567 2,188 2,118
Hambantota 1,877 2,372 2,309 1,516 2,287 2,234
Jaffna n.a. n.a. n.a. 1,488 2,290 2,161
Mannar n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Vavuniya n.a. n.a. n.a. 2,022 2,348 2,340
Mullaitivu n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Kilinochchi n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Batticaloa 1,709 2,157 2,109 1,408 2,012 1,890
Ampara 1,673 2,290 2,223 1,691 2,215 2,154
Trincomalee n.a. n.a. n.a. 1,605 2,250 2,174
Kurunegala 1,584 2,267 2,162 1,387 2,234 2,135
Puttalam 1,549 2,229 2,140 1,421 2,118 2,045
Anuradhapura 1,719 2,293 2,207 1,499 2,198 2,158
Polonnaruwa 1,809 2,313 2,249 1,454 2,347 2,295
Badulla 1,850 2,362 2,240 1,660 2,339 2,249
Monaragala 1,934 2,500 2,313 1,821 2,505 2,406
Ratnapura 1,791 2,399 2,238 1,527 2,314 2,232
Kegalle 1,639 2,103 2,006 1,485 2,168 2,094
(a) Excluding Northern province and Source : Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2006/07, 2009/10
Tricomalee district in Eastern province. Department of Census and Statistics
(b) Excluding Mannar, Kilinochchi and Mullaitivu districts.
n.a. Not available
128
SOcio-Economic Services Table 13.5(A)
Housing Conditions and Ownership of Durable Goods by Sector
2006/07 and 2009/10 Per cent
2006 / 07 (a) 2009 / 10 (b)
Item
Urban Rural Estate All Island Urban Rural Estate All Island
Wall Type
Permanent 92.5 88.6 84.0 88.9 94.1 91.5 89.1 91.7
Semi Permanent 7.5 11.4 16.0 11.1 5.9 8.5 10.9 8.3
Floor Type
Permanent 97.5 85.9 77.2 87.0 97.1 87.6 83.1 88.7
Semi Permanent 2.5 14.1 22.8 13.0 2.9 12.4 16.9 11.3
Roof Type
Permanent 89.1 85.7 22.7 82.9 91.1 88.9 23.0 86.0
Semi Permanent 10.9 14.3 77.3 17.1 8.9 11.1 77.0 14.0
Main Source of Drinking Water
Safe 97.7 85.0 46.2 84.8 97.4 87.6 60.3 87.7
Not Safe 2.3 15.0 53.8 15.2 2.6 12.4 39.7 12.3
Toilet Facilities
Exclusive for the Household 86.5 90.9 67.7 89.1 86.4 90.9 74.0 89.5
Sharing with another Household 9.7 6.0 20.5 7.3 7.1 6.2 13.1 6.6
Public Toilet Facilities n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 5.1 0.4 7.2 1.4
No Toilet Facilities 3.8 3.0 11.8 3.6 1.3 2.5 5.6 2.5
Lighting
Electricity 94.9 78.5 62.3 80.0 95.6 84.1 76.9 85.3
Kerosene 4.9 18.9 36.6 17.8 4.4 13.7 22.5 12.8
Solar Energy 0.0 2.5 1.1 2.1 0.0 2.2 0.7 1.8
Other 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1
Cooking Fuel
Firewood 37.6 85.6 97.0 79.5 39.2 86.7 97.3 80.5
Gas 50.6 12.4 1.7 17.1 48.0 11.3 1.5 16.0
Kerosene 10.5 1.1 0.2 2.4 11.4 1.1 0.6 2.5
Other 1.3 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.3 0.9 0.6 0.9
Garbage Disposal
Collected by Garbage Truck 65.9 4.9 0.5 13.1 67.1 7.2 1.3 15.3
Buried / Burned 21.2 62.3 28.9 54.9 21.1 62.5 31.3 55.2
Process for Fertilizer 1.7 5.1 4.6 4.6 1.9 7.5 4.7 6.6
Dumped within premises 2.8 22.2 21.3 19.4 2.5 18.3 15.2 16.0
Thrown away Outside premises 6.4 4.9 40.0 6.9 6.4 4.0 46.2 6.3
Other 2.0 0.6 4.7 1.0 1.1 0.5 1.2 0.7
Telecommunication Facilities
Fixed Telephone Lines 19.0 16.5 7.6 16.4 10.6 17.7 25.1 17.0
Mobile only 18.5 15.2 7.6 15.3 32.5 29.7 22.2 29.8
Fixed and Mobile Connections 29.5 13.1 2.1 14.8 41.7 29.3 13.8 30.3
No Telephone Facilities 33.0 55.1 82.7 53.5 15.2 23.3 38.9 22.9
Household Equipments
Radio / Cassette Players 83.8 81.7 69.3 81.3 76.5 75.6 69.4 75.4
Television 86.5 76.7 61.8 77.3 86.9 79.3 70.5 80.0
VCD / DVD Players 43.5 25.4 23.1 27.8 48.7 33.5 39.8 35.9
Personal Computers 16.6 5.7 1.4 7.0 23.6 11.2 2.2 12.5
Not using any of these 6.0 9.2 20.4 9.4 7.4 10.1 17.4 10.1
Domestic Electrical Items
Sewing Machines 52.5 43.7 14.1 43.4 50.7 42.7 20.2 42.7
Washing Machines 27.0 8.7 1.4 10.8 28.0 11.3 1.7 13.1
Refrigerators 58.3 32.9 5.8 35.1 60.2 37.9 7.9 39.6
Cookers (Gas / Electric / Kerosene) 73.7 31.6 10.7 36.4 73.1 33.6 11.6 38.1
Electric Fans 78.2 42.5 6.6 45.6 78.1 48.4 11.5 50.8
Not using any of these 11.0 37.8 76.5 36.1 11.5 34.7 68.6 33.1
Vehicle Ownership
Bicycle 34.7 44.4 6.2 41.0 35.6 42.5 6.7 39.8
Motor Cycles / Scooters 16.2 22.0 2.9 20.0 21.2 27.9 4.1 25.8
Three Wheelers 5.5 4.6 1.1 5.0 6.1 6.9 2.3 6.5
Motor Cars / Vans 11.5 5.1 1.1 6.0 10.4 5.1 1.1 5.6
Buses / Lorries 1.5 1.7 0.5 2.0 1.4 1.9 0.4 1.8
No Vehicle 46.6 41.0 90.1 44.0 43.0 38.8 87.3 41.8
129
SOcio-Economic Services Table 13.5(B)
Housing Conditions and Ownership of Durable Goods by Province: 2006/07(a)
Per cent

Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva
Wall Type
Permanent 92.3 85.0 90.0 n.a. 84.8 85.7 88.1 90.5 88.1 88.9
Semi Permanent 7.7 15.0 10.0 n.a. 15.2 14.3 11.9 9.5 11.9 11.1
Floor Type
Permanent 96.2 79.7 88.8 n.a. 88.9 85.6 76.9 74.9 83.8 87.0
Roof Type
Permanent 90.9 63.1 92.4 n.a. 81.6 79.6 85.3 76.1 81.9 82.9
Safe 94.3 70.6 84.4 n.a. 92.2 90.5 86.4 81.4 67.2 84.8
Not Safe 5.7 29.4 15.6 n.a. 7.8 9.5 13.6 18.6 32.8 15.2
Toilet Facilities
Exclusive for the Household 91.0 86.5 91.6 n.a. 82.4 87.1 90.7 88.8 88.7 89.1
Sharing with another Household 7.1 8.3 6.5 n.a. 3.7 7.3 6.1 8.7 9.0 7.3
No Toilet Facilities 1.8 5.3 1.9 n.a. 13.9 5.6 3.2 2.5 2.4 3.6
Lighting
Electricity 92.8 78.2 84.4 n.a. 68.0 70.7 69.1 69.2 71.3 80.0
Kerosene 6.9 20.6 14.5 n.a. 26.1 25.5 26.9 25.7 24.9 17.8
Solar Energy 0.1 1.0 1.1 n.a. 5.9 3.6 3.9 5.2 3.6 2.1
Other 0.2 0.1 0.0 n.a. 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1
Cooking Fuel
Firewood 56.9 87.1 86.4 n.a. 73.1 92.4 93.6 94.8 93.3 79.5
Gas 36.3 11.9 12.6 n.a. 16.1 6.1 5.6 4.0 5.4 17.1
Kerosene 5.7 0.5 0.6 n.a. 5.8 1.1 0.2 0.4 0.3 2.4
Other 1.2 0.5 0.3 n.a. 5.1 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.0
Garbage Disposal
Collected by Garbage Truck 27.2 9.6 9.7 n.a. 16.8 4.4 3.1 3.3 4.2 13.1
Buried / Burned 53.8 52.2 49.2 n.a. 63.8 68.9 77.8 31.1 47.0 54.9
Process for Fertilizer 3.3 6.8 4.6 n.a. 1.8 6.2 4.4 2.6 5.9 4.6
Dumped within premises 9.2 17.4 30.4 n.a. 9.5 18.0 14.1 45.6 30.7 19.4
Thrown away outside premises 5.0 11.2 5.7 n.a. 7.9 2.0 0.5 17.1 11.5 6.9
Other 1.4 2.8 0.4 n.a. 0.1 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.6 1.0
Fixed Telephone Lines 18.7 14.5 18.8 n.a. 8.5 14.1 20.6 15.6 13.7 16.4
Mobile only 18.1 14.0 16.0 n.a. 14.7 19.4 10.5 8.0 11.0 15.3
Fixed and Mobile Connections 26.2 12.1 11.7 n.a. 9.3 10.2 9.0 5.5 8.2 14.8
No Telephone Facilities 37.0 59.4 53.5 n.a. 67.5 56.4 59.9 70.9 67.2 53.5
Radio / Cassette Players 83.2 80.8 82.0 n.a. 68.1 79.3 80.5 83.3 83.4 81.3
Television 87.2 76.0 74.7 n.a. 60.2 74.4 72.7 70.2 73.3 77.3
VCD / DVD Players 39.1 26.8 23.5 n.a. 17.8 20.6 19.4 25.0 22.9 27.8
Personal Computers 13.5 6.4 4.5 n.a. 2.3 3.9 3.4 3.3 2.8 7.0
Not using any of these 5.9 10.6 8.5 n.a. 21.9 11.1 10.2 11.3 9.1 9.4
Sewing Machines 54.5 39.7 44.6 n.a. 24.7 39.6 36.6 33.8 38.7 43.4
Washing Machines 20.5 9.5 7.4 n.a. 7.3 7.3 3.5 2.9 4.9 10.8
Refrigerators 55.2 28.1 31.8 n.a. 19.6 28.7 26.4 15.5 23.9 35.1
Cookers (Gas / Electric / Kerosene) 62.5 30.4 31.4 n.a. 32.1 23.4 18.9 14.8 19.7 36.4
Electric Fans 71.3 26.5 44.0 n.a. 54.9 36.1 38.0 17.0 30.6 45.6
Not using any of these 16.2 46.5 36.0 n.a. 39.6 42.6 45.1 58.4 49.2 36.1
Vehicle Ownership
Bicycle 35.0 15.2 53.1 n.a. 74.7 62.4 77.3 31.0 18.7 41.0
Motor Cycles / Scooters 22.5 7.0 22.4 n.a. 23.8 31.1 31.7 9.9 12.4 20.0
Three Wheelers 6.4 2.5 5.3 n.a. 1.5 4.4 3.6 2.8 4.5 5.0
Motor Cars / Vans 10.4 4.5 4.1 n.a. 1.3 4.3 3.2 2.7 3.8 6.0
Buses / Lorries 2.0 1.5 1.2 n.a. 0.3 2.3 1.8 0.8 1.1 2.0
No Vehicle 42.3 75.0 35.4 n.a. 18.4 24.8 13.8 59.7 67.2 44.0
(a) Excluding Northern province and Source : Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2006/07
n.a. Not available
130
SOcio-Economic Services Table 13.5(B) (Contd.)
Housing Conditions and Ownership of Durable Goods by Province : 2009/10
Per cent
Northern North North Sabara- All

Western Central Southern Eastern Uva
(a) Western Central gamuwa Island
Wall Type
Permanent 94.2 91.1 92.8 89.1 90.4 89.0 92.1 93.4 88.0 91.7
Semi Permanent 5.8 8.9 7.2 10.9 9.6 11.0 7.9 6.6 12.0 8.3
Floor Type
Permanent 96.1 85.1 89.0 84.1 91.9 87.7 77.9 76.1 87.5 88.7
Semi Permanent 3.9 14.9 11.0 15.9 8.1 12.3 22.1 23.9 12.5 11.3
Roof Type
Permanent 93.2 68.1 94.5 83.3 87.8 85.4 88.4 76.8 83.4 86.0
Semi Permanent 6.8 31.9 5.5 16.7 12.2 14.6 11.6 23.2 16.6 14.0
Safe 95.7 81.2 86.2 96.2 96.0 91.4 91.7 69.9 70.4 87.7
Not Safe 4.3 18.8 13.8 3.8 4.0 8.6 8.3 30.1 29.6 12.3
Toilet Facilities
Exclusive for the Household 89.9 89.1 92.4 76.3 85.7 87.6 91.6 90.0 92.3 89.5
Sharing with another Household 7.1 6.2 5.7 4.1 5.1 8.1 6.6 7.6 6.4 6.6
Public Toilet Facilities 2.6 2.2 0.2 1.4 0.2 0.9 0.5 1.2 0.4 1.4
No Toilet Facilities 0.4 2.5 1.5 18.1 8.9 3.3 1.2 1.2 0.9 2.5
Garbage Disposal
Collected by Garbage Truck 32.4 9.0 9.5 10.8 23.6 5.1 4.2 3.5 4.6 15.3
Buried / Burned 51.1 50.3 49.9 62.6 66.9 64.1 80.4 36.7 54.1 55.2
Process for Fertilizer 4.2 8.6 7.0 6.7 2.2 9.5 5.1 10.3 8.1 6.6
Dumped within premises 6.7 16.1 30.9 15.8 3.8 16.4 8.1 33.4 25.6 16.0
Thrown away outside premises 4.9 15.1 2.4 3.4 3.3 4.4 1.4 14.9 6.6 6.3
Other 0.8 0.9 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.7 1.1 0.9 0.7
Lighting
Electricity 95.0 87.3 91.1 69.6 76.3 77.0 77.2 78.9 79.1 85.3
Kerosene 4.8 11.8 8.4 30.3 21.6 18.2 18.6 17.1 17.5 12.8
Solar Energy 0.2 0.9 0.4 0.1 2.1 4.8 4.1 4.0 3.2 1.8
Cooking Fuel
Firewood 57.5 86.3 87.6 90.4 81.2 93.4 93.8 95.9 92.7 80.5
Gas 35.1 12.1 10.7 3.4 13.7 5.1 5.4 3.6 6.7 16.0
Kerosene 6.1 1.1 0.3 5.6 3.4 0.7 0.3 0.1 0.0 2.5
Other 1.2 0.5 1.4 0.7 1.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.9
Fixed Telephone Lines 12.6 20.2 18.6 7.0 9.7 16.9 24.0 29.6 19.3 17.0
Mobile only 30.7 27.8 32.1 39.0 36.5 32.7 23.3 20.0 26.0 29.8
Fixed and Mobile Connections 42.7 28.2 25.9 19.2 17.3 25.5 30.9 22.1 26.7 30.3
No Telephone Facilities 14.0 23.8 23.4 34.9 36.5 25.0 21.7 28.3 27.9 22.9
Radio / Cassette Players 77.7 78.2 74.8 61.6 63.7 73.6 76.3 79.6 77.7 75.4
Television 88.4 81.7 79.8 54.3 63.2 78.5 79.2 78.0 77.5 80.0
VCD / DVD Players 45.6 37.0 33.6 25.6 26.2 29.7 27.2 35.0 33.6 35.9
Personal Computers 21.2 11.7 10.2 6.5 5.9 9.8 8.5 5.8 8.4 12.5
Not using any of these 6.3 9.5 8.1 24.8 22.1 10.8 10.3 10.1 9.9 10.1
Sewing Machines 53.1 43.0 47.9 14.3 24.9 39.9 38.2 33.9 40.1 42.7
Washing Machines 24.8 12.3 9.4 1.1 7.2 10.7 5.7 4.7 6.6 13.1
Refrigerators 60.0 34.1 38.0 16.2 22.2 36.0 32.5 21.8 30.4 39.6
Cookers (Gas / Electric / Kerosene) 64.1 34.7 31.9 18.9 33.1 25.5 22.4 16.9 24.5 38.1
Electric Fans 74.8 29.1 50.2 30.4 60.0 44.3 47.3 22.8 39.6 50.8
Not using any of these 14.5 41.5 32.1 61.3 33.2 38.4 37.4 54.1 44.2 33.1
Vehicle Ownership
Bicycle 31.4 12.0 45.9 84.8 73.1 59.1 76.7 24.6 17.4 39.8
Motor Cycles / Scooters 27.3 10.8 27.2 28.5 28.4 39.3 45.5 14.0 15.5 25.8
Three Wheelers 7.6 5.3 7.8 1.3 2.8 6.3 8.2 5.0 8.2 6.5
Motor Cars / Vans 10.3 5.0 3.4 0.9 0.9 5.5 3.5 2.8 3.7 5.6
Buses / Lorries 1.9 1.8 1.4 0.2 0.6 3.3 1.8 1.1 1.8 1.8
No Vehicle 41.1 71.8 37.0 12.2 18.6 24.0 11.5 61.5 64.7 41.8
(a) Excluding Mannar, Kilinochchi and Mullaitivu districts. Source : Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2009/10
131
SOcio-Economic Services Table 13.6(A)
Key Socio-Economic Indicators by Sector 2006/07 and 2009/10
2006/07 (a) 2009/10 (b)

Item
Urban Rural Estate All Island Urban Rural Estate All Island
Household Characteristics
Number of Individuals per Household 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.0 4.2 4.0
Number of Income Receivers per Household 1.9 1.8 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.7 2.1 1.8
Population Distribution
By Gender, %
Male
47.6 48.0 47.9 47.9 47.7 47.4 47.6 47.4
Female
52.4 52.0 52.1 52.1 52.3 52.6 52.4 52.6
By Age Group, %
0 14 Years
24.6 25.5 29.2 25.6 25.3 25.9 29.7 26.0
15 59 Years
64.4 63.1 61.0 63.2 61.9 61.8 59.9 61.8
Over 59 Years
11.0 11.4 9.8 11.3 12.8 12.3 10.5 12.3
By Educational Attainment, %
No Schooling 3.2 4.6 15.8 4.9 2.5 4.0 13.1 4.2
Up to Grade 5
21.2 25.9 43.5 26.1 21.6 24.6 43.0 25.1
Grade 6 10
40.2 44.2 35.6 43.1 42.1 45.5 37.7 44.6
Passed G.C.E. (O/L)
20.2 15.0 3.4 15.1 17.5 14.9 3.8 14.7
Passed G.C.E. (A/L) and Above
15.2 10.4 1.7 10.6 16.2 10.8 2.3 11.2
Income
Mean Income, Rs. per Month
Per Household
41,928 24,039 19,292 26,286 47,783 35,228 24,162 36,451
Per Person 9,653 5,993 4,589 6,463 11,245 8,916 5,782 9,104
Median Income, Rs. per Month
Per Household
23,642 16,379 10,480 16,735 31,000 23,126 17,366 23,746
Per Person 5,240 4,007 2,400 4,043 6,925 5,758 4,161 5,803
Income Shares by Deciles of Households, %
1st Decile 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.6 0.6 1.7 3.2 1.6
2nd Decile 2.7 3.1 2.9 2.9 1.5 3.1 6.8 2.9
3rd Decile 3.5 4.2 3.7 3.9 2.0 4.1 9.2 3.9
4th Decile 4.2 5.1 4.4 4.8 3.0 5.1 10.2 4.9
5th Decile 5.1 6.2 5.1 5.8 3.7 6.3 10.7 6.0
6th Decile 6.3 7.5 5.8 7.0 5.7 7.3 11.4 7.1
7th Decile 7.4 9.1 6.8 8.5 7.7 8.9 9.3 8.7
8th Decile 9.7 11.3 7.9 10.8 9.9 11.1 8.9 10.8
9th Decile 13.2 15.2 9.7 14.6 15.7 14.6 8.3 14.6
10th Decile 46.2 36.5 52.0 40.1 50.3 37.7 22.0 39.5
Income Share by Households, %
Richest 20% 59.5 51.8 61.7 54.7 53.3 53.8 49.4 54.1
Poorest 20% 4.2 4.8 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.5 5.9 4.5
Middle 60% 36.3 43.3 33.8 40.7 42.1 41.7 44.7 41.4
Gini Coefficient, One Month Income
Gini Coefficient (Households) 0.54 0.46 0.57 0.49 0.48 0.49 0.43 0.49
Gini Coefficient (Income Receivers) 0.60 0.52 0.46 0.55 0.54 0.54 0.50 0.55
Expenditure, Rs. per Month
Per Household
35,274 21,440 13,456 22,952 44,928 29,423 23,988 31,331
Household Expenditure Share, %
Food 31.2 38.7 55.8 37.6 35.6 43.7 50.8 42.3
Housing 16.8 10.2 6.3 11.5 16.9 9.8 4.3 11.0
Fuel and Light 5.1 4.4 5.1 4.5 5.0 3.8 4.0 4.1
Personal Care and Health Expenses 3.9 4.4 4.5 4.3 5.4 4.4 3.7 4.6
Transport 8.7 8.1 3.7 8.1 6.7 7.7 4.6 7.4
Communication 3.0 2.2 1.3 2.3 2.8 2.3 1.7 2.4
Education 3.0 2.7 1.9 2.8 4.0 3.1 1.6 3.2
Cultural Activities and Entertainments 1.4 1.1 0.6 1.1 1.1 1.3 2.1 1.3
Non-Durable Household Goods and Services 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.2
Clothing Textile and Footwear 2.6 3.1 3.9 3.0 2.3 3.0 3.7 2.9
Durable Household Goods 2.9 3.7 1.7 3.4 2.0 2.6 2.1 2.5
Other Miscellaneous Expenses 10.8 9.9 5.9 10.0 10.8 9.3 8.4 9.5
Other Rare Expenses 7.7 8.1 2.4 7.8 4.2 5.7 6.7 5.5
Liquor, Narcotic Drugs and Tobacco 1.4 2.2 5.9 2.1 1.5 2.1 5.1 2.1
132
SOcio-Economic Services Table 13.6(B)
Key Socio-Economic Indicators by Province : 2006/07(a)

Western Central Southern Northern Eastern Uva
Number of Individuals per Household 4.2 4.1 4.1 n.a. 4.2 3.9 3.8 4.1 4.0 4.1
Number of Income Receivers per Household 2.0 1.8 1.8 n.a. 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8
By Gender, %
Male 47.8 46.6 48.5 n.a. 48.6 49.0 48.1 47.5 47.9 47.9
Female 52.2 53.4 51.5 n.a. 51.4 51.0 51.9 52.5 52.1 52.1
By Age Group, %
0 14 Years 23.2 27.0 25.1 n.a. 32.0 26.4 27.6 28.7 23.9 25.6
15 59 Years 64.5 61.1 61.7 n.a. 61.7 63.6 64.6 62.2 63.9 63.2
Over 59 Years 12.3 11.9 13.2 n.a. 6.3 10.0 7.8 9.1 12.3 11.3
No Schooling 2.7 7.1 5.4 n.a. 6.2 4.4 3.9 8.1 6.4 4.9
Up to Grade 5 20.2 29.4 27.2 n.a. 36.5 27.9 27.9 32.2 26.3 26.1
Grade 6 10 41.7 43.0 42.6 n.a. 39.3 45.7 48.4 42.2 44.5 43.1
Passed G.C.E. (O/L) 20.7 11.3 14.7 n.a. 10.7 13.1 11.8 10.5 13.9 15.1
Passed G.C.E. (A/L) and Above 14.6 9.3 10.2 n.a. 7.3 8.9 8.0 7.0 8.9 10.6
Income
Per Household
34,282 23,875 24,059 n.a. 20,811 22,565 24,759 21,371 20,712 26,286
Per Person 8,235 5,874 5,806 n.a. 4,919 5,782 6,585 5,220 5,153 6,463
Per Income Receiver
17,344 13,359 12,984 n.a. 13,483 13,005 15,324 12,773 11,376 14,457
Per Household
21,686 14,187 16,837 n.a. 14,828 14,824 16,064 14,152 13,943 16,735
Per Person 5,056 3,377 4,024 n.a. 3,531 3,723 4,249 3,318 3,466 4,043
Per Income Receiver
10,000 7,407 8,900 n.a. 9,686 8,000 9,347 7,579 7,151 8,693
Richest 20% 54.8 57.3 49.7 n.a. 49.4 53.5 54.6 53.3 53.3 54.7
Poorest 20% 4.8 4.3 5.4 n.a. 4.9 4.5 4.9 4.6 5.0 4.6
Middle 60% 40.4 38.4 44.9 n.a. 45.7 42.0 40.5 42.1 41.8 40.7
Gini Coefficient (Households) 0.49 0.48 0.44 n.a. 0.44 0.48 0.44 0.48 0.48 0.49
Gini Coefficient (per Person) 0.49 0.48 0.43 n.a. 0.42 0.47 0.44 0.47 0.47 0.49
Gini Coefficient (Income Receivers) 0.56 0.54 0.50 n.a. 0.49 0.54 0.50 0.54 0.53 0.55
Per Household 31,437 19,045 21,927 n.a. 22,038 19,396 20,585 15,886 16,141 22,952
All Food 31.8 42.7 39.2 n.a. 47.2 41.6 35.6 44.2 45.2 37.7
Cereal 4.0 8.5 6.2 n.a. 6.4 6.7 6.6 9.8 9.3 6.1
Prepared Foods 4.9 4.5 4.3 n.a. 4.6 3.8 3.6 4.0 4.5 4.5
Pulses 1.0 1.7 1.4 n.a. 0.8 1.3 1.3 2.0 2.0 1.3
Vegetables 2.5 3.6 3.2 n.a. 3.6 3.7 3.2 4.8 4.2 3.2
Meat 1.5 1.6 0.7 n.a. 3.9 2.2 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.6
Fish 3.2 2.0 3.8 n.a. 6.8 3.8 3.2 2.1 2.1 3.2
Dried Fish 1.3 1.6 1.5 n.a. 1.0 2.2 1.6 1.6 2.2 1.5
Coconut 1.6 2.2 2.4 n.a. 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.2 3.1 2.1
Condiments 2.8 3.9 4.1 n.a. 4.4 4.3 3.3 3.7 4.2 3.5
Milk & Milk Products 3.1 4.1 3.7 n.a. 3.3 2.8 2.4 3.6 3.4 3.3
Fat and Oil 0.6 1.2 0.6 n.a. 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.4 1.1 0.8
Sugar, Juggery & Treacle 1.1 1.7 1.6 n.a. 2.0 1.7 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.4
Fruits 1.1 1.3 1.4 n.a. 1.8 1.4 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.3
Other 3.1 4.8 4.1 n.a. 5.3 4.5 3.5 4.8 4.9 3.9
All Non-Food 68.2 57.3 60.8 n.a. 52.8 58.4 64.4 55.8 54.8 62.3
Housing 14.6 10.9 9.8 n.a. 6.2 8.7 7.6 9.5 10.3 11.5
Fuel and Light 4.8 4.6 4.0 n.a. 4.9 4.0 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.5
Personal Care and Health Expenses 4.2 3.4 4.6 n.a. 5.3 4.7 3.7 4.0 4.7 4.3
Transport 9.4 6.9 7.4 n.a. 4.2 7.7 7.8 6.8 8.1 8.1
Communication 2.9 2.3 2.1 n.a. 1.6 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.9 2.3
Education 3.1 2.6 2.8 n.a. 2.0 2.4 2.0 2.4 3.0 2.8
Cultural Activities and Entertainment 1.3 1.1 1.0 n.a. 0.6 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.1
Non-Durable Household Goods
& Services 1.4 1.2 0.9 n.a. 1.3 1.2 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.3
Clothing, Textile and Footwear 2.5 3.3 3.1 n.a. 3.8 3.1 3.6 4.0 3.7 3.0
Durable Household Goods 3.1 3.0 4.0 n.a. 3.4 4.0 6.1 2.9 2.3 3.4
Other Miscellaneous Expenses 10.7 8.8 10.8 n.a. 10.1 9.5 11.6 8.2 7.0 10.0
Other Rare Expenses 8.8 6.6 8.0 n.a. 6.4 7.5 11.1 5.4 4.1 7.8
Liquor, Narcotic Drugs and Tobacco 1.5 2.6 2.3 n.a. 2.9 2.4 2.1 3.9 2.9 2.1
(a) Excluding Northern province and Tricomalee district Source : Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2006/07
in Eastern province. 133 Department of Census and Statistics
n.a. Not available
SOcio-Economic Services Table 13.6(B) (Contd.)
Key Socio-Economic Indicators by Province: 2009/10
Northern North North Sabara- All

Western Central Southern Eastern Uva
(a) Western Central gamuwa Island
Number of Individuals per Household 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.0
Number of Income Receivers per Household 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8
By Gender, %
Male 47.2 46.3 47.3 47.3 48.6 48.0 48.0 47.4 48.1 47.4
Female 52.8 53.7 52.7 52.7 51.4 52.0 52.0 52.6 51.9 52.6
By Age Group, %
0 14 Years 23.3 27.3 25.6 27.9 32.5 26.0 27.7 27.7 24.9 26.0
15 59 Years 62.4 60.3 60.1 61.1 60.6 62.6 63.8 62.4 62.3 61.8
Over 59 Years 14.3 12.5 14.2 11.0 6.9 11.3 8.4 9.9 12.8 12.3
No Schooling 2.6 6.2 4.9 1.4 4.3 4.1 2.9 7.9 5.1 4.2
Up to Grade 5 18.9 28.1 25.6 28.9 35.1 26.8 25.4 28.3 26.1 25.1
Grade 6 10 43.4 42.8 42.1 52.0 41.2 46.3 51.4 44.7 47.5 44.6
Passed G.C.E. (O/L) 19.4 12.2 15.6 10.5 11.9 13.3 12.5 12.0 11.3 14.7
Passed G.C.E. (A/L) and Above 15.4 10.6 11.6 7.0 7.4 9.4 7.5 7.0 9.9 11.2
Income

Per Household
47,118 31,895 32,514 23,712 23,922 35,586 35,577 28,717 36,173 36,451
Per Person
11,561 8,040 8,035 5,515 5,663 9,352 9,280 7,343 9,132 9,104
Per Income Receiver
24,149 17,865 18,035 14,936 15,739 21,566 21,803 17,112 19,418 20,427
Per Household
30,600 21,410 23,253 16,710 18,030 20,961 24,993 19,761 21,676 23,746
Per Person 7,250 5,251 5,637 3,857 4,202 5,295 6,340 4,961 5,445 5,803
Per Income Receiver
15,000 10,743 12,236 11,500 12,390 12,000 14,837 10,900 10,893 12,500
Richest 20% 53.3 53.4 48.5 49.2 47.5 58.7 50.2 51.9 57.9 54.1
Poorest 20% 5.0 4.4 5.7 4.9 4.8 4.0 5.5 4.7 4.1 4.5
Middle 60% 41.7 42.2 45.8 45.8 47.7 37.3 44.3 43.3 38.0 41.4
Gini Coefficient (Households) 0.47 0.48 0.42 * 0.42 0.54 0.44 0.47 0.53 0.49
Gini Coefficient (per Person) 0.48 0.48 0.42 0.41 0.41 0.54 0.44 0.46 0.51 0.49
Gini Coefficient (Income Receivers) 0.55 0.55 0.50 0.47 0.45 0.58 0.51 0.53 0.59 0.55
Per Household
42,399 28,308 28,809 25,656 25,265 25,927 29,480 23,547 25,583 31,331
All Food 35.4 44.8 43.8 58.9 57.4 47.0 41.0 46.8 46.4 42.3
Cereal 5.6 10.7 8.5 13.6 11.3 9.7 9.5 12.3 11.1 8.5
Prepared Foods 5.2 3.6 4.6 3.9 5.2 4.4 3.2 3.6 3.8 4.5
Pulses 1.4 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.2 1.8 1.8 2.3 2.4 1.7
Vegetables 2.4 3.5 3.2 3.9 4.3 3.8 3.5 4.4 3.8 3.2
Meat 1.5 1.7 0.7 3.7 4.0 2.0 1.6 1.2 1.1 1.7
Fish 3.5 2.2 4.3 7.1 7.7 4.4 3.7 2.4 2.4 3.7
Dried Fish 1.4 1.6 1.6 0.3 1.2 2.3 1.6 1.4 2.2 1.6
Coconut 1.8 2.3 2.8 3.9 2.8 2.8 2.4 2.4 3.2 2.4
Condiments 3.0 4.1 4.4 5.1 5.9 4.5 3.7 3.8 4.3 3.9
Milk & Milk Products 3.4 3.7 3.6 3.4 2.9 2.8 2.6 3.6 3.2 3.3
Fat and Oil 0.7 1.4 0.8 2.1 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.8 1.1 1.0
Sugar, Juggery & Treacle 1.1 1.6 1.6 2.6 2.4 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.5
Fruits 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.7 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.2
Other 3.4 4.9 4.2 5.5 5.4 4.5 3.7 4.7 5.0 4.2
All Non-Food 64.6 55.2 56.2 41.1 42.6 53.0 59.0 53.2 53.6 57.7
Housing 14.5 10.4 9.4 4.2 7.2 8.7 7.5 8.8 8.8 11.0
Fuel and Light 4.5 4.0 3.6 4.9 4.8 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 4.1
Personal Care and Health Expenses 5.6 3.4 4.2 4.1 3.8 4.3 4.0 3.5 3.9 4.6
Transport 7.8 7.5 6.9 4.0 4.7 7.0 8.8 6.6 8.9 7.4
Communication 2.8 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.9 2.4 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.4
Education 4.0 2.8 3.4 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.6 3.2
Cultural Activities and Entertainment 1.6 1.4 1.0 0.5 0.6 1.5 1.2 0.8 0.9 1.3
Non-Durable Household Goods
& Services 1.2 1.2 0.9 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.2
Clothing, Textile and Footwear 2.2 3.4 2.9 3.5 3.6 3.0 3.7 3.5 3.7 2.9
Durable Household Goods 2.2 1.9 2.6 1.9 1.5 3.8 4.8 2.2 2.3 2.5
Other Miscellaneous Expenses 10.9 8.3 10.7 5.3 5.8 8.2 10.5 9.0 8.8 9.5
Other Rare Expenses 5.7 6.0 6.1 3.6 3.4 4.7 6.8 6.4 4.6 5.5
Liquor, Narcotic Drugs and Tobacco 1.8 2.5 2.1 3.3 1.5 2.1 2.4 3.1 2.5 2.1
(a) Excluding Mannar, Kilinochchi and Mullaitivu districts. Source : Household Income and Expenditure Survey Series 2009/10
* Reliable estimates cannot be provided. Department of Census and Statistics
134
General Education 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Total No. of Schools 10,473 10,501 10,461 10,459 10,430 10,445 10,205 10,502 10,548 10,763
Government Schools 9,790 9,765 9,723 9,714 9,678 9,662 9,410 9,685 9,731 9,931
Other Schools 683 736 738 745 752 783 795 817 817 832
Private Schools 85 85 85 91 94 92 98 98 97 98
Pirivena Schools 598 651 653 654 658 691 697 719 720 734

Classification of Govt. Schools
(b) 9,790 9,765 9,723 9,714 9,678 9,662 9,410 9,685 9,731 9,931
1A & B Schools 606 621 646 662 675 698 702 716 716 735
1C Schools 1,752 1,774 1,812 1,851 1,877 1,937 1,944 2,005 2,027 2,041
Type 2 Schools 4,267 4,274 4,238 4,230 4,198 4,166 4,043 4,094 4,131 4,030
Type 3 Schools 3,165 3,096 3,027 2,971 2,928 2,861 2,721 2,870 2,857 3,125

Total No. of Pupils 4,098,465 4,028,186 4,103,512 3,998,966 4,111,004 4,101,586 4,037,896 4,119,525 4,155,255 4,186,808
Government Schools 3,941,685 3,870,628 3,942,077 3,837,548 3,942,185 3,930,451 3,864,824 3,940,072 3,972,983 3,996,531
Other Schools 156,780 157,558 161,435 161,418 168,819 171,135 173,072 179,453 182,272 190,277
Private Schools 101,047 100,683 106,262 106,126 113,884 115,070 114,974 117,362 119,627 125,669
Pirivena Schools 55,733 56,875 55,173 55,292 54,935 56,065 58,098 62,091 62,645 64,608

New Admissions (c) 315,606 304,394 319,078 322,431 332,200 326,466 329,832 332,562 331,491 337,912

Total No. of Teachers 196,897 197,698 199,715 216,623 221,208 224,410 225,951 224,541 228,672 231,988
Government Schools (d) 186,695 187,338 189,234 205,829 210,201 213,212 214,307 212,457 216,397 219,788
Other Schools 10,202 10,360 10,481 10,794 11,007 11,198 11,644 12,084 12,275 12,200
Private Schools 4,913 4,846 5,000 5,266 5,414 5,454 5,701 5,994 5,788 6,114
Pirivena Schools 5,289 5,514 5,481 5,528 5,593 5,744 5,943 6,090 6,487 6,086

Pupil / Teacher Ratio
(All Schools) 20.8 20.4 20.5 18.5 18.6 18.3 17.9 18.3 18.6 18.0
(a) Provisional Source : Ministry of Education

(b) Classification of Schools from 1978 is as follows:
1A&B Schools having GCE (A/L) Science classes
1C Schools having GCE (A/L) Arts / Commerce classes
Type 2 Schools having classes only up to Grade 11
Type 3 Schools having classes only up to Grade 8
(c) Government schools only.
(d) Teachers in functioning & temporary closed schools.
Note : Schools in Kilinochchi & Mullaitivu districts were temporarily closed at the census date (2009.06.01) in 2009.
135
Teachers and Pupils by Province and District 2005 2012
(000)
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Province / District
T P T P T P T P T P T P T P T P
Western 38 879 41 858 42 895 41 898 41 906 39 916 41 929 42 940

Colombo 15 354 16 344 17 359 16 356 16 359 15 362 16 366 16 369
Gampaha 14 328 15 321 16 334 15 338 15 340 15 344 15 348 15 350
Kalutara 9 197 10 193 10 202 10 204 10 207 10 210 10 215 10 221

Central 27 520 30 504 32 519 32 518 31 520 30 522 30 523 31 526
Kandy 15 273 16 262 17 271 16 269 16 270 16 271 16 269 16 269
Matale 5 93 6 91 6 94 6 94 6 94 6 95 6 96 6 97
Nuwara Eliya 7 154 8 151 9 155 9 155 9 157 9 156 9 157 9 159

Southern 25 513 28 495 29 508 30 506 30 506 29 504 29 506 29 509
Galle 10 219 11 212 11 217 11 216 11 217 11 218 11 217 11 218
Matara 9 165 10 159 10 164 10 163 10 161 10 160 10 162 10 163
Hambantota 6 129 7 124 8 127 8 127 8 128 8 126 8 126 8 128

Northern 11 266 13 266 13 268 12 261 11 177 14 240 14 248 15 247
Jaffna 6 137 7 132 7 129 7 122 7 119 8 130 7 131 7 128
Kilinochchi 1 32 2 34 1 37 1 36 - - 1 26 2 28 2 30
Mannar 1 26 1 27 1 27 1 28 1 21 1 28 2 29 2 28
Mullaitivu 1 28 1 31 2 42 1 41 - 38 3 12 1 20 1 21
Vavuniya 2 43 2 42 1 34 2 34 2 - 1 43 2 41 2 39

Eastern 16 377 17 372 18 379 18 378 20 384 20 386 20 385 20 388
Batticaloa 5 122 5 123 6 130 6 129 6 131 6 131 6 130 6 133
Ampara 7 156 8 153 8 156 8 154 9 156 9 155 9 156 9 158
Trincomalee 4 98 4 96 4 93 4 96 5 97 5 100 5 98 5 97

North Western 25 469 27 457 27 469 27 469 28 471 27 473 27 476 27 474
Kurunegala 18 310 20 301 20 309 20 309 20 312 20 313 20 317 20 315
Puttalam 7 159 7 156 7 160 7 160 7 160 7 160 7 159 8 159

North Central 12 256 12 248 13 253 14 252 14 254 14 254 15 259 15 265
Anuradhapura 9 176 9 171 9 174 10 173 11 175 11 176 11 179 11 184
Polonnaruwa 3 80 3 77 3 79 4 79 4 79 4 79 4 80 4 81

Uva 15 288 16 277 17 282 17 280 19 279 18 277 18 279 19 275
Badulla 10 186 11 179 11 183 12 183 13 183 12 182 12 184 13 180
Monaragala 5 101 5 98 5 99 5 97 6 97 6 95 6 95 6 95

Sabaragamuwa 19 374 21 362 22 369 22 366 22 366 21 368 22 367 22 372
Ratnapura 10 216 11 208 12 210 12 208 12 208 11 209 11 207 12 209
Kegalle 9 158 10 154 10 159 10 158 10 158 10 159 10 160 10 163

Total 189 3,942 207 3,838 211 3,942 213 3,930 214 3,865 212 3,940 216 3,973 220 3,997
T : Teachers Source : Ministry of Education

P : Pupils
Note : Schools in Kilinochchi & Mullaitivu districts were temporarily closed at the census date (2009.06.01) in 2009.
136
SOcio-Economic Services Table 13.9(a)
Government Schools by Size of Student Population 2010
Number
Above 3,500
1,501-2,000
2,001-2,500
2,501-3,000
3,001-3,500
1,001-1,500
501-1,000

Province / District
101-500
0-100
Total
Western 225 605 222 117 56 39 28 18 28 1,338
Colombo 40 179 64 44 23 15 13 11 14 403
Gampaha 70 254 107 47 20 14 11 4 7 534
Kalutara 115 172 51 26 13 10 4 3 7 401

Central 497 671 178 63 25 14 9 3 6 1,466
Kandy 198 294 78 33 11 10 7 2 6 639
Matale 121 136 29 11 6 3 1 1 0 308
Nuwara Eliya 178 241 71 19 8 1 1 0 0 519

Southern 321 520 120 59 24 23 12 7 13 1,099
Galle 127 189 43 26 13 12 4 2 9 425
Matara 104 170 46 16 8 7 6 2 2 361
Hambantota 90 161 31 17 3 4 2 3 2 313

Northern 328 363 101 32 8 7 0 1 0 840
Jaffna 116 208 50 23 2 5 0 0 0 404
Kilinochchi 23 39 15 3 1 0 0 0 0 81
Mannar 37 48 10 2 3 0 0 0 0 100
Vavuniya 114 48 17 4 2 2 0 1 0 188
Mullaitivu 38 20 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 67

Eastern 283 466 170 40 25 14 5 0 0 1,003
Batticaloa 93 143 63 12 10 5 1 0 0 327
Ampara 109 197 57 18 11 5 4 0 0 401
Trincomalee 81 126 50 10 4 4 0 0 0 275

North Western 379 573 155 46 32 12 9 3 9 1,218
Kurunegala 315 395 93 22 19 10 8 3 6 871
Puttalam 64 178 62 24 13 2 1 0 3 347

North Central 302 337 91 22 11 9 2 3 3 780
Anuradhapura 211 236 65 15 5 6 2 3 2 545
Polonnaruwa 91 101 26 7 6 3 0 0 1 235

Uva 283 394 104 27 13 11 4 2 1 839
Badulla 204 266 67 18 7 8 1 2 1 574
Monaragala 79 128 37 9 6 3 3 0 0 265

Sabaragamuwa 428 482 105 49 11 6 10 5 6 1,102
Ratnapura 208 255 64 33 7 3 5 1 4 580
Kegalle 220 227 41 16 4 3 5 4 2 522

Total 3,046 4,411 1,246 455 205 135 79 42 66 9,685
Source : Ministry of Education
137
SOcio-Economic Services Table 13.9(b)
Government Schools by Size of Student Population 2011
Number
Above 3,500
1,501-2,000
2,001-2,500
2,501-3,000
3,001-3,500
1,001-1,500
501-1,000

Province / District
101-500
0-100
Total
Western 222 595 231 114 59 35 28 21 28 1,333
Colombo 40 175 71 41 24 11 15 13 13 403
Gampaha 68 250 110 45 22 15 8 6 7 531
Kalutara 114 170 50 28 13 9 5 2 8 399

Central 501 661 176 66 25 14 8 5 5 1,461
Kandy 199 290 78 36 10 9 6 4 5 637
Matale 121 136 28 11 5 4 1 1 0 307
Nuwara Eliya 181 235 70 19 10 1 1 0 0 517

Southern 325 509 121 58 27 21 11 6 15 1,093
Galle 132 183 43 25 14 11 4 2 9 423
Matara 102 167 48 15 10 6 5 2 3 358
Hambantota 91 159 30 18 3 4 2 2 3 312

Northern 357 384 105 28 7 7 1 1 0 890
Jaffna 128 211 49 21 2 5 0 0 0 416
Kilinochchi 26 44 13 4 1 0 0 0 0 88
Mannar 48 54 10 0 3 0 0 0 0 115
Vavuniya 117 45 20 1 1 2 1 1 0 188
Mullaitivu 38 30 13 2 0 0 0 0 0 83

Eastern 293 476 168 36 28 12 7 0 0 1,020
Batticaloa 98 143 60 15 10 6 0 0 0 332
Ampara 113 200 59 14 13 2 7 0 0 408
Trincomalee 82 133 49 7 5 4 0 0 0 280

North Western 379 574 151 43 34 11 11 3 9 1,215
Kurunegala 314 393 92 20 20 9 10 3 6 867
Puttalam 65 181 59 23 14 2 1 0 3 348

North Central 295 339 91 21 9 11 3 2 5 776
Anuradhapura 205 237 64 14 5 7 2 2 4 540
Polonnaruwa 90 102 27 7 4 4 1 0 1 236

Uva 276 402 102 26 12 12 5 1 2 838
Badulla 197 274 67 17 6 8 2 1 2 574
Monaragala 79 128 35 9 6 4 3 0 0 264

Sabaragamuwa 440 473 106 49 11 6 10 4 6 1,105
Ratnapura 212 253 68 29 9 2 5 0 4 582
Kegalle 228 220 38 20 2 4 5 4 2 523

Total 3,088 4,413 1,251 441 212 129 84 43 70 9,731
138
SOcio-Economic Services Table 13.10(a)
Government School Teachers by Category of Appointment 2011 Number
Province / District Graduate Trained Untrained Other Total
Western 18,442 21,565 408 252 40,667

Colombo 7,528 7,934 131 90 15,683
Gampaha 6,659 8,175 101 66 15,001
Kalutara 4,255 5,456 176 96 9,983

Central 9,746 18,444 2,147 90 30,427
Kandy 5,725 9,515 557 47 15,844
Matale 2,108 3,573 221 6 5,908
Nuwara Eliya 1,913 5,356 1,369 37 8,675

Southern 11,260 17,274 338 23 28,895
Galle 4,060 6,883 119 17 11,079
Matara 3,854 5,829 129 5 9,817
Hambantota 3,346 4,562 90 1 7,999

Northern 5,013 8,487 182 650 14,332
Jaffna 3,173 3,816 58 391 7,438
Kilinochchi 483 1,038 20 4 1,545
Mannar 404 1,103 46 139 1,692
Vavuniya 649 1,691 33 69 2,442
Mullaitivu 304 839 25 47 1,215

Eastern 6,107 13,696 452 242 20,497
Batticaloa 2,385 3,784 98 76 6,343
Ampara 2,570 6,224 235 124 9,153
Trincomalee 1,152 3,688 119 42 5,001

North Western 9,724 15,830 535 804 26,893
Kurunegala 7,594 11,452 279 223 19,548
Puttalam 2,130 4,378 256 581 7,345

North Central 4,768 8,646 249 1,266 14,929
Anuradhapura 3,375 6,316 172 957 10,820
Polonnaruwa 1,393 2,330 77 309 4,109

Uva 6,327 10,282 1,057 581 18,247
Badulla 4,081 7,235 732 268 12,316
Monaragala 2,246 3,047 325 313 5,931

Sabaragamuwa 7,899 12,831 614 166 21,510
Ratnapura 4,129 6,886 334 107 11,456
Kegalle 3,770 5,945 280 59 10,054

Total 79,286 127,055 5,982 4,074 216,397
Note : Teachers in functioning schools only. Source : Ministry of Education
139
SOcio-Economic Services Table 13.10(b)
Government School Teachers by Category of Appointment 2012 Number
Province / District Graduate Trained Untrained Other Total
Western 20,565 20,856 434 158 42,013

Colombo 8,340 7,851 122 40 16,353
Gampaha 7,415 7,800 130 59 15,404
Kalutara 4,810 5,205 182 59 10,256

Central 10,783 17,745 2,345 87 30,960
Kandy 6,313 9,306 509 23 16,151
Matale 2,347 3,175 278 19 5,819
Nuwara Eliya 2,123 5,264 1,558 45 8,990

Southern 11,734 16,651 272 22 28,679
Galle 4,375 6,591 93 11 11,070
Matara 4,089 5,641 115 4 9,849
Hambantota 3,270 4,419 64 7 7,760

Northern 5,433 8,794 201 209 14,637
Jaffna 3,381 3,873 69 31 7,354
Kilinochchi 494 1,056 45 10 1,605
Mannar 458 1,273 35 103 1,869
Vavuniya 683 1,708 24 57 2,472
Mullaitivu 417 884 28 8 1,337

Eastern 6,303 13,555 432 196 20,486
Batticaloa 2,451 3,871 99 51 6,472
Ampara 2,551 5,987 228 100 8,866
Trincomalee 1,301 3,697 105 45 5,148

North Western 11,020 15,150 592 632 27,394
Kurunegala 8,256 10,872 373 223 19,724
Puttalam 2,764 4,278 219 409 7,670

North Central 4,976 8,709 446 747 14,878
Anuradhapura 3,540 6,355 259 622 10,776
Polonnaruwa 1,436 2,354 187 125 4,102

Uva 7,107 10,122 1,148 585 18,962
Badulla 4,530 7,064 683 336 12,613
Monaragala 2,577 3,058 465 249 6,349

Sabaragamuwa 8,503 12,450 605 221 21,779
Ratnapura 4,368 6,669 347 131 11,515
Kegalle 4,135 5,781 258 90 10,264

Total 86,424 124,032 6,475 2,857 219,788
Note : Teachers in functioning schools only. Source : Ministry of Education
140
Students and New Admissions in Government Schools 2012
Number

Sinhala Medium Tamil Medium English Medium All Students
Province / Disrict
Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total
Western 36,350 34,870 71,220 3,376 3,444 6,820 0 0 0 39,726 38,314 78,040
Colombo 13,541 12,727 26,268 1,458 1,432 2,890 0 0 0 14,999 14,159 29,158
Gampaha 14,355 14,122 28,477 739 768 1,507 0 0 0 15,094 14,890 29,984
Kalutara 8,454 8,021 16,475 1,179 1,244 2,423 0 0 0 9,633 9,265 18,898

Central 14,026 13,782 27,808 7,754 7,492 15,246 0 0 0 21,780 21,274 43,054
Kandy 8,028 7,934 15,962 2,633 2,716 5,349 0 0 0 10,661 10,650 21,311
Matale 3,378 3,203 6,581 806 730 1,536 0 0 0 4,184 3,933 8,117
Nuwara Eliya 2,620 2,645 5,265 4,315 4,046 8,361 0 0 0 6,935 6,691 13,626

Southern 22,297 21,101 43,398 608 572 1,180 0 0 0 22,905 21,673 44,578
Galle 9,386 8,974 18,360 242 218 460 0 0 0 9,628 9,192 18,820
Matara 6,977 6,500 13,477 289 275 564 0 0 0 7,266 6,775 14,041
Hambantota 5,934 5,627 11,561 77 79 156 0 0 0 6,011 5,706 11,717

Northern 120 101 221 9,293 9,049 18,331 0 0 0 9,413 9,150
18,563
Jaffna 0 0 0 4,657 4,699 9,356 0 0 0 4,657 4,699 9,356
Kilinochchi 0 0 0 1,128 1,113 2,241 0 0 0 1,128 1,113 2,241
Mannar 4 6 10 1,022 989 2,011 0 0 0 1,026 995 2,021
Vavuniya 116 95 211 1,518 1,402 2,920 0 0 0 1,634 1,497 3,131
Mullaitivu 0 0 0 968 846 1,803 0 0 0 968 846 1,814

Eastern 3,579 3,398 6,977 13,845 13,070 26,915 0 0 0 17,424 16,468 33,892
Batticaloa 19 14 33 5,682 5,389 11,071 0 0 0 5,701 5,403 11,104
Ampara 2,579 2,409 4,988 4,705 4,377 9,082 0 0 0 7,284 6,786 14,070
Trincomalee 981 975 1,956 3,458 3,304 6,762 0 0 0 4,439 4,279 8,718

North Western 17,659 17,084 34,743 2,772 2,831 5,603 0 0 0 20,431 19,915 40,346
Kurunegala 12,467 12,013 24,480 1,040 1,137 2,177 0 0 0 13,507 13,150 26,657
Puttalam 5,192 5,071 10,263 1,732 1,694 3,426 0 0 0 6,924 6,765 13,689

North Central 10,674 10,495 21,169 1,019 1,078 2,097 0 0 0 11,693 11,573 23,266
Anuradhapura 7,316 7,326 14,642 720 786 1,506 0 0 0 8,036 8,112 16,148
Polonnaruwa 3,358 3,169 6,527 299 292 591 0 0 0 3,657 3,461 7,118

Uva 9,620 9,319 18,939 2,313 2,365 4,678 0 0 0 11,933 11,684 23,617
Badulla 5,402 5,295 10,697 2,093 2,124 4,217 0 0 0 7,495 7,419 14,914
Monaragala 4,218 4,024 8,242 220 241 461 0 0 0 4,438 4,265 8,703

Sabaragamuwa 14,142 13,581 27,723 2,409 2,424 4,833 0 0 0 16,551 16,005 32,556
Ratnapura 8,216 7,939 16,155 1,278 1,211 2,489 0 0 0 9,494 9,150 18,644
Kegalle 5,926 5,642 11,568 1,131 1,213 2,344 0 0 0 7,057 6,855 13,912

Total 128,467 123,731 252,198 43,389 42,325 85,703 0 0 0 171,856 166,056 337,912
141
Government Schools by Type, Pupils and Teachers 2011 & 2012
Type of Schools Schools Pupils Teachers Pupils per

having classes No. Percentage No. Percentage No. Percentage Teacher
Year 2011
GCE (A/L) Science (1AB) 716 7.4 1,396,411 35.1 59,251 27.4 23.6
GCE (A/L) Arts/Commerce
(Other than Science) (1C) 2,027 20.8 1,296,773 32.6 68,955 31.9 18.8
Upto year 11 (Type 2) 4,131 42.5 955,368 24.0 67,947 31.4 14.1
From years 1 to 5 or years
1 to 8 (Type 3) 2,857 29.4 324,431 8.2 20,206 9.3 16.1
All Schools 9,731 100.0 3,972,983 100.0 216,359 100.0 18.4
Year 2012
GCE (A/L) Science (1AB) 735 7.4 n.a. n.a.
GCE (A/L) Arts/Commerce
(Other than Science) (1C) 2,041 20.6 n.a. n.a.
Upto year 11 (Type 2) 4,030 40.6 n.a.
From years 1 to 5 or years n.a.
1 to 8 (Type 3) 3,125 31.5 n.a.
All Schools 9,931 100.0 n.a. n.a.
Note : Informations in functioning schools only. Source : Ministry of Education

n.a. Not available
Table 13.13
Performance of Candidates GCE (O/L) and GCE (A/L) 2007 - 2012
Item 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
School candidates sat for GCE (O/L) 312,299 281,371 310,441 310,661 295,540 n.a.
Percentage of qualifying for GCE (A/L) 49.14 56.81 48.51 58.79 58.09 n.a.

All candidates sat for GCE (O/L) 333,562 282,582 313,560 328,984 313,834 n.a.
Percentage of qualifying for GCE (A/L) 47.80 56.83 48.44 57.62 56.54 n.a.

170,145 195,043
138,762 (a) 196,954 (a)
School candidates sat for GCE (A/L) 179,472 177,640
65,166 (b)
104,479 120,281
77,503 (a) 124,377 (a)
School candidates qualifying to enter University 112,866 108,725
43,343 (b)
61.14 61.67
55.85 (a)
Percentage of qualifying to enter University 62.89 61.21 63.15 (a)
66.51 (b)
201,229 233,354
142,577 (a) 207,910 (a)
All candidates sat for GCE (A/L) 201,102 207,536
97,198 (b) 25,724 (b)
121,422 142,415
78,764 (a) 128,809 (a)
All candidates qualifying to enter University 130,141 125,146
62,647 (b) 15,936 (b)
60.34 61.03
55.24 (a) 61.95 (a)
Percentage of qualifying to enter University 61.94 60.30
64.45 (b) 61.95 (b)
(a) New Syllabus Source : Department of Examinations

(b) Old Syllabus
n.a. Not available
142
GCE (O/L) Examination 2008 - 2011
Performance of School Candidates
2008 2009 2010 2011
Qualified for Qualified for Qualified for Qualified for

Province No. sat No. sat No. sat No. sat
GCE (A/L) GCE (A/L) GCE (A/L) GCE (A/L)
(5 or more (5 or more (5 or more (5 or more
subjects) No. % subjects) No. % subjects) No. % subjects) No. %
Western 69,253 45,618 65.87 74,375 42,910 57.69 74,566 48,370 64.87 73,809 47,303 64.09
Central 38,120 20,388 53.48 41,944 18,823 44.88 41,750 22,808 54.63 39,140 21,411 54.70
Southern 38,816 22,282 57.40 40,216 19,943 49.59 41,263 24,475 59.31 38,099 22,974 60.30
Northern 15,895 8,491 53.42 18,728 8,121 43.36 19,792 10,886 55.00 20,544 10,336 50.31
Eastern 20,685 10,103 48.84 25,412 11,123 43.77 23,852 13,698 57.43 22,835 12,387 54.25
North Western 32,330 19,249 59.54 35,402 17,940 50.68 35,291 21,617 61.25 32,998 20,000 60.61
North Central 18,593 9,081 48.84 21,240 8,360 39.36 20,634 11,150 54.04 18,758 10,064 53.65
Uva 20,247 9,625 47.54 22,917 9,248 40.35 23,245 12,027 51.74 21,166 10,932 51.65
Sabaragamuwa 27,432 15,023 54.76 30,207 14,140 46.81 30,268 17,622 58.22 28,191 16,277 57.74
Sri Lanka 281,371 159,860 56.81 310,441 150,608 48.51 310,661 182,653 58.79 295,540 171,684 58.09
Source : Department of Examinations
Table 13.15
GCE (A/L) Examination 2010 - 2012
Performance of School Candidates
2010 2011 (New Syllabus) 2011 (Old Syllabus) 2012 (New Syllabus)
Qualified for Qualified for Qualified for Qualified for

Province
University Entrance University Entrance University Entrance University Entrance
No. sat No. sat No. sat No. sat
No. % No. % No. % No. %
Western 51,821 30,668 59.18 39,084 20,930 53.55 15,008 9,419 62.76 53,594 33,587 62.67
Central 24,547 14,551 59.28 17,718 9,423 53.18 8,525 5,318 62.38 25,066 15,476 61.74
Southern 29,145 18,497 63.47 19,628 10,966 55.87 10,847 7,787 71.79 28,596 18,402 64.35
Northern 11,355 7,582 66.77 7,984 5,065 63.44 3,707 2,557 68.98 10,865 6,828 62.84
Eastern 12,291 7,756 63.10 9,167 5,478 59.76 4,008 2,609 65.09 13,376 8,154 60.96
North Western 22,079 14,015 63.48 15,843 9,170 57.88 6,911 4,692 67.89 22,193 13,945 62.84
North Central 10,575 6,355 60.09 7,578 3,967 52.35 3,944 2,585 65.54 11,281 7,094 62.88
Uva 12,735 7,751 60.86 8,417 4,732 56.22 4,980 3,358 67.43 12,826 8,308 64.77
Sabaragamuwa 20,495 13,106 63.95 13,343 7,772 58.25 7,236 5,018 69.35 19,157 12,583 65.68
Sri Lanka 195,043 120,281 61.67 138,762 77,503 55.85 65,166 43,343 66.51 196,954 124,377 63.15
Source : Department of Examinations
143
University Education 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
No. of Universities 13 13 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
No. of other Higher Educational
Institutions 14 16 16 16 17(b) 17(b) 17(b) 17(b) 17(b)
No. of Students (Undergraduates)
59,740 60,350 66,386 65,206 66,996 66,891 82,375 86,216 92,572 88,355(c)
No. of Lecturers 3,543 3,611 3,875 4,016 4,312(d) 4,452(d) 4,735(d)
4,984(d)
5,064 5,200(e)
New Admissions for basic Degrees
25,471(f) 13,396 14,520 16,585 17,196 20,069 20,846 21,547 22,016 n.a.(g)
No. Graduated (h) 9,890 10,477 8,659 11,713 12,005 12,958 13,952 13,042 16,686 n.a.
Arts & Oriental Studies
B.A./B.A. Special 3,373 3,366 2,410 4,405 5,142 4,012 4,830 4,432 6,940 n.a.
Commerce & Mgt. Studies
B.Sc./B.Com./B.B.A. 2,121 3,091 2,357 2,198 2,301 2,547 2,705 2,704 2,791 n.a.
Law L.L.B. 188 166 345 327 208 345 425 392 348 n.a.
Science B.Sc. (i) 1,726 1,323 1,402 2,348 1,575 2,342 2,573 2,028 2,651 n.a.
Engineering B.Sc. (Eng.) 629 984 755 809 894 1,114 1,157 1,307 1,346 n.a.
Medicine M.B.B.S. 1,273 964 593 896 901 1,294 943 797 1,061 n.a.
Dental Surgery B.D.S. 74 84 74 123 70 125 71 64 65 n.a.
Agriculture B.Sc. 394 388 554 430 484 510 513 540 595 n.a.
Veterinary Science B.V. Sc. 61 42 74 64 57 80 39 60 58 n.a.
Architecture and Quantity
Surveying B.Sc. 51 69 95 13 132 116 200 118 211 n.a.
Computer Science/IT/ICT/MIT 100 107 303 382 392 439 n.a.
Indigenous Medicine 134 170 114 208 181 n.a.
Expenditure on Higher
Education, Rs.Mn. 6,707 7,622 8,178 12,607 12,281 13,825 13,692 15,018 19,700 20,283
Recurrent Expenditure 5,534 7,622 6,045 9,791 11,775 10,592 11,044 12,352 14,307 14,504
n.a. Not available Source : University Grants Commission

(a) Provisional
(b) Includes 7 postgraduate institutes and 10 other higher educational institutions which are under UGC. Out of these 17 institutions only 4 institutions namely
IIM, UCSC, GWAI and SVIA admit students for undergraduate programmes under the UGC intake.
(c) In year 2012 , student enrolment has been decreased compared to the year 2011 due to new intake (2011 A/L) of students was not admitted. However, the
decrease is not significant as final exams and academic terms of some universities have not completed due to Academic and Non-Academic strikes in 2012.
(d) As at 1st of January in the year.
(e) Estimated.
(f) Qualified Students from two GCE (A/L) Examinations held in August 2001 (12,431) and April 2002 (13,040) were admitted to Universities in this Year.
(g) New intake from GCE (A/L) 2011 was not admitted in 2012 due to pending court case on issues in mathodology used to calculate the Z-Score and rank
them.
(h) Excluding External degree courses.
(i) From 2007 onwards, Food Science graduates are included under B.Sc. Science.
Note: Number graduated can be different from year to year, because of some Universities have not been held their exams.

144
Eligibility, Admission and Enrollment of Students for University Education 2005/06 - 2010/11
2005 / 2006 2006 / 2007 2007 / 2008
Eligi- Admi- Percen- Eligi- Admi- Percen- Eligi- Admi- Percen-

ble tted tage ble tted tage ble tted tage
Arts Male 15,331 1,535 10.0 14,717 1,330 9.0 15,057 1,453 9.7
Female 38,245 4,039 10.6 38,865 4,519 11.6 41,860 4,854 11.6
Total 53,576 5,568 10.4 53,582 5,849 10.9 56,917 6,307 11.1

Commerce Male 16,091 1,566 9.7 17,222 1,499 8.7 16,535 1,928 11.7
Female 21,037 1,667 7.9 22,536 1,753 7.8 21,326 2,429 11.4
Total 37,128 3,233 8.7 39,758 3,252 8.2 37,861 4,357 11.5

Science Male 14,080 4,797 34.1 13,371 4,642 34.7 12,761 5,104 40.0
Female 13,986 3,689 26.4 13,244 3,453 26.1 13,882 4,301 31.0
Total 28,066 8,486 30.2 26,615 8,095 30.4 26,643 9,405 35.3

Total Male 45,505 7,843 17.4 45,310 7,471 16.5 44,353 8,485 19.1
Female 73,268 9,337 12.8 74,645 9,725 13.0 77,068 11,584 15.0
Total 118,770 17,287 14.6 119,955 17,196 14.3 121,421 20,069 16.5
2008 / 2009 2009 / 2010 2010 / 2011
Eligi- Admi- Percen- Eligi- Admi- Percen- Eligi- Admi- Percen-

ble tted tage ble tted tage ble tted tage
Arts Male 17,279 1,514 8.8 16,430 1,481 9.0 18,518 1,477 8.0
Female 47,956 5,179 10.8 46,246 5,360 11.6 54,282 5,587 10.3
Total 65,235 6,693 10.3 62,676 6,841 10.9 72,800 7,064 9.7

Commerce Male 16,492 1,949 11.8 15,054 2,062 13.7 15,984 2,086 13.1
Female 20,215 2,388 11.8 18,148 2,521 13.9 19,597 2,790 14.2
Total 36,707 4,337 11.8 33,202 4,583 13.8 35,581 4,876 13.7

Science Male 13,603 5,366 39.5 13,601 5,473 40.2 15,652 5,238 33.5
Female 14,691 4,450 30.3 15,805 4,650 29.4 18,483 4,838 26.2
Total 28,294 9,816 34.7 29,406 10,123 34.4 34,135 10,076 29.5

Total Male 47,374 8,829 18.6 45,085 9,016 20.0 50,154 8,801 17.6
Female 82,862 12,017 14.5 80,199 12,531 15.6 92,362 13,215 14.3
Total 130,236 20,846 16.0 125,284 21,547 17.2 142,516 22,016 15.5
Source : University Grants Commission
Note : Undergraduate enrollment is based on the calender year and admission is based on academic years relevant to their GCE (A/L) Examinations.
145
University Admission by Province and District 2003/04 - 2010/11
Province / District 2003/04 2004/05 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11
Western 3,707 3,974 4,650 4,285 5,157 5,230 5,512 5,517

Colombo 2,238 2,350 2,694 2,496 2,749 2,874 2,861 2,874
Gampaha 877 980 1,124 1,075 1,462 1,454 1,627 1,618
Kalutara 592 644 832 714 946 902 1,024 1,025

Central 1,359 1,465 1,844 1,756 2,008 2,107 2,111 2,123
Matale 196 206 294 284 306 320 357 322
Kandy 877 916 1,170 1,121 1,291 1,341 1,290 1,311
Nuwara Eliya 286 343 380 351 411 446 464 490

Southern 2,158 2,382 2,805 2,764 3,146 3,385 3,553 3,497
Galle 991 1,086 1,297 1,289 1,471 1,561 1,585 1,543
Matara 734 828 915 890 1,054 1,157 1,243 1,228
Hambantota 433 468 593 585 621 667 725 726

Northern 893 1,042 1,396 1,379 1,469 1,456 1,532 1,526
Jaffna 533 623 868 869 961 960 967 885
Kilinochchi 70 91 120 109 86 92 98 168
Mannar 67 89 114 113 118 135 141 138
Vavuniya 114 133 153 172 213 185 230 195
Mullaitivu 109 106 141 116 91 84 96 140

Eastern 814 897 1,099 1,135 1,217 1,232 1,308 1,364
Trincomalee 175 190 239 233 251 291 276 299
Batticaloa 254 261 385 391 416 408 467 456
Ampara 385 446 475 511 550 533 565 609

North Western 1,423 1,433 1,828 1,820 2,140 2,240 2,226 2,189
Puttalam 293 304 430 422 518 573 586 589
Kurunegala 1,130 1,129 1,398 1,398 1,622 1,667 1,640 1,600

North Central 596 598 715 729 866 893 879 992
Anuradhapura 436 421 511 517 623 622 619 714
Polonnaruwa 160 177 204 212 243 271 260 278

Uva 648 665 809 794 866 957 1,005 1,034
Badulla 235 464 556 525 567 623 647 674
Monaragala 213 201 253 269 299 334 358 360

Sabaragamuwa 1,035 1,189 1,358 1,468 1,843 1,840 1,985 2,032
Kegalle 460 496 583 611 766 780 816 854
Ratnapura 575 693 775 857 1,077 1,060 1,169 1,178
Special Intake (a) 763 875 795 1,066 1,357 1,506 1,436 1,742(b)

Total 13,396 14,520 17,299 17,196 20,069 20,846 21,547 22,016
(a) Students admitted under Special Intake where district has not been Source : University Grants Commission
taken into account for selection.
(b) Students admitted under Supplementary Intake are added to this.
146
University Admission by Academic Stream and District 2009/2010
Arts Management & Law Science (b) Medicine Veterinary Dentistry

District (a) Commerce Science
A B A B A B A B A B A B A B
Colombo 177 107 433 279 25 23 478 294 151 77 11 7 18 5
Gampaha 304 25 178 238 11 20 113 252 29 66 0 6 0 4
Kalutara 280 14 78 123 8 10 108 130 14 35 0 3 0 2
Matale 94 6 14 55 3 5 15 61 4 15 1 1 0 1
Kandy 203 38 101 157 7 13 189 167 39 43 3 4 0 3
Nuwara Eliya 98 7 8 102 0 9 0 103 1 28 0 2 0 2
Galle 430 14 228 118 18 10 201 124 41 33 5 3 0 2
Matara 329 11 89 93 12 8 178 98 48 25 6 2 5 2
Hambantota 219 7 25 78 2 6 58 96 18 21 1 2 5 2
Jaffna 264 91 25 86 0 7 68 109 10 29 0 3 0 2
Kilinochchi 6 40 1 23 0 2 0 2 0 6 0 1 0 1
Mannar 22 21 0 19 0 1 0 35 0 5 0 1 0 1
Mullaitivu 6 43 0 23 0 2 0 3 0 6 0 1 0 1
Vavuniya 63 30 12 27 1 2 0 35 2 6 0 1 0 1
Trincomalee 47 26 5 51 1 4 1 57 2 14 0 1 0 1
Batticaloa 135 33 18 72 1 6 2 77 4 20 0 2 0 1
Ampara 145 50 13 86 2 7 6 94 3 24 0 2 0 2
Puttalam 149 15 29 104 5 9 10 104 1 29 0 2 0 2
Kurunegala 486 23 148 171 8 14 159 183 38 47 5 4 0 3
Anuradhapura 145 17 31 111 3 9 16 114 7 31 0 3 0 2
Polonnaruwa 33 21 7 55 0 5 0 61 1 15 0 1 0 1
Badulla 145 14 21 118 7 10 13 136 9 33 0 3 0 2
Monaragala 127 5 5 60 0 5 0 64 6 16 0 1 0 1
Kegalle 258 14 49 91 6 8 71 96 10 25 6 2 0 2
Ratnapura 364 16 123 151 18 13 37 162 18 42 0 4 0 3
Special Intake (c) 0 1,088 0 89 0 7 0 121 0 19 0 1 0 4
Total 4,529 1,776 1,641 2,580 138 215 1,723 2,778 456 710 38 63 28 53
Agriculture Engineering Architecture/ Com. Sc./ Other Total

Quan. Survey MIT/IT/ICT Courses (d) Total
Admissions
A B A B A B A B A B A B
Colombo 35 67 156 89 31 26 143 71 112 46 1,770 1,091 2,861
Gampaha 26 59 27 78 5 22 13 63 52 36 758 869 1,627
Kalutara 19 29 9 39 6 12 20 29 37 19 579 445 1,024
Matale 5 14 2 18 0 4 1 16 12 10 151 206 357
Kandy 42 39 48 50 6 14 25 42 31 26 694 596 1,290
Nuwara Eliya 0 24 3 32 0 4 0 23 4 14 114 350 464
Galle 57 28 54 37 14 8 48 28 65 19 1,161 424 1,585
Matara 42 23 67 29 14 7 49 24 69 13 908 335 1,243
Hambantota 30 19 19 25 1 6 10 18 45 12 433 292 725
Jaffna 41 28 44 34 17 4 18 22 53 12 540 427 967
Kilinochchi 0 2 0 6 0 3 0 3 0 2 7 91 98
Mannar 0 7 1 7 0 3 1 10 0 7 24 117 141
Mullaitivu 0 2 1 2 0 1 0 3 0 2 7 89 96
Vavuniya 0 7 6 9 1 3 0 10 7 7 92 138 230
Trincomalee 0 13 4 17 1 3 2 15 3 8 66 210 276
Batticaloa 7 18 1 23 0 4 9 18 3 12 180 286 466
Ampara 7 20 3 27 1 4 17 21 18 12 215 349 564
Puttalam 3 25 3 33 2 7 5 24 11 14 218 368 586
Kurunegala 36 42 42 55 7 16 27 44 56 27 1,012 629 1,641
Anuradhapura 1 27 6 35 0 8 2 24 10 17 221 398 619
Polonnaruwa 0 14 1 18 0 3 0 14 1 9 43 217 260
Badulla 1 28 10 37 1 6 1 28 6 18 214 433 647
Monaragala 2 15 1 19 0 4 0 14 4 9 145 213 358
Kegalle 36 22 9 29 4 7 4 24 30 14 483 334 817
Ratnapura 10 37 7 49 3 9 8 40 31 24 619 550 1,169
Special Intake (c) 0 27 0 21 0 8 0 24 0 27 0 1,436 1,436
Total 400 636 524 818 114 196 403 652 660 416 10,654 10,893 21,547
A Merit B Other (Contd.)
(a) 1. Arts Arts/Social Science and Humanities, Mass Media/Visual and performing Arts.
2. Admission to Arts courses is purely on merit however, policy ensure the number selected from each district to not less than the number admitted in 1993/94.
(b) Includes Biological Sciences, Physical Sciences, Food Sciences, Fisheries & Marine Sciences and Physical Education courses.
(c) Students admitted on the basis of special categories, on the recommendations of the Appeals committee and additional intake are shown under the Special Intake
at the end of listing of districts.
(d) Other Courses Surveying Science, Textile/Design/Transport and Logistic Management, Indigenous Medicine, Paramedical Studies.
147
SOcio-Economic Services Table 13.19 (Contd.)
University Admission by Academic Stream and District 2010/2011*
Arts Management & Law Science (b) Medicine Veterinary Dentistry

District (a) Commerce Science
A B A B A B A B A B A B A B
Colombo 210 83 486 295 28 24 459 281 119 78 18 7 27 5
Gampaha 305 26 203 249 8 20 89 241 27 66 0 6 0 4
Kalutara 276 15 83 130 7 10 105 124 17 34 0 3 0 2
Matale 59 19 9 58 0 5 15 59 4 15 0 1 0 1
Kandy 227 57 62 168 6 13 181 160 46 43 0 5 0 3
Nuwara Eliya 95 20 8 106 5 9 0 99 1 28 0 2 0 2
Galle 354 14 235 125 12 10 199 119 61 33 2 3 0 2
Matara 348 13 96 96 16 8 174 93 26 25 5 2 1 2
Hambantota 210 7 23 82 4 6 53 97 21 21 1 2 0 2
Jaffna 262 69 15 92 2 7 60 109 18 29 0 3 0 2
Kilinochchi 51 14 1 26 0 2 0 31 0 6 0 1 0 1
Mannar 16 24 0 20 1 1 0 34 0 5 0 1 0 1
Mullaitivu 32 23 0 23 0 2 0 23 0 5 0 1 0 1
Vavuniya 42 18 6 29 1 2 0 36 0 6 0 1 0 1
Trincomalee 41 35 9 55 0 4 0 57 7 14 0 1 0 1
Batticaloa 136 27 12 76 3 6 2 76 5 20 0 2 0 1
Ampara 182 36 12 91 3 7 6 94 6 24 0 2 0 2
Puttalam 159 14 16 109 5 9 4 100 11 29 0 2 0 2
Kurunegala 444 49 127 181 12 14 156 173 30 48 9 4 0 3
Anuradhapura 213 18 35 119 5 9 15 113 5 31 0 3 0 2
Polonnaruwa 51 6 11 59 1 5 0 58 0 15 0 1 0 1
Badulla 142 20 32 125 1 10 16 134 8 33 0 3 0 2
Monaragala 107 7 15 63 2 5 1 64 3 16 0 1 0 1
Kegalle 294 10 45 95 10 8 71 91 18 25 4 2 0 2
Ratnapura 405 17 105 159 7 13 38 153 23 42 0 4 0 3
Special Intake (c) 0 976 0 55 0 2 0 115 0 30 0 5 0 6
Total 4,661 1,617 1,646 2,686 139 211 1,644 2,734 456 721 39 68 28 55
Agriculture Engineering Architecture/ Com. Sc./ Other Total

Quan. Survey MIT/IT/ICT Courses (d) Total
Admissions
A B A B A B A B A B A B
Colombo 42 65 128 90 42 25 147 74 66 75 1,772 1,102 2,874

Gampaha 20 57 24 78 3 22 19 67 22 62 720 898 1,618
Kalutara 24 28 24 40 3 10 16 29 14 31 569 456 1,025
Matale 3 14 2 18 0 4 1 16 4 15 97 225 322
Kandy 57 38 47 51 6 16 20 43 21 41 673 638 1,311
Nuwara Eliya 0 23 3 33 0 5 1 23 3 24 116 374 490
Galle 52 27 66 38 27 10 59 29 38 28 1,105 438 1,543
Matara 42 23 78 30 8 5 44 23 47 23 885 343 1,228
Hambantota 25 19 26 25 6 6 15 19 39 17 423 303 726
Jaffna 34 28 39 34 1 4 17 25 19 16 467 418 885
Kilinochchi 0 5 1 8 0 3 1 8 0 9 54 114 168
Mannar 0 7 0 7 0 3 0 9 0 9 17 121 138
Mullaitivu 0 4 0 8 0 3 0 7 0 8 32 108 140
Vavuniya 0 7 5 9 0 3 1 10 9 9 64 131 195
Trincomalee 1 12 4 17 1 3 7 15 2 13 72 227 299
Batticaloa 2 18 0 24 1 4 4 18 5 14 170 286 456
Ampara 9 20 3 28 1 4 20 24 14 21 256 353 609
Puttalam 1 24 5 33 1 5 2 25 9 24 213 376 589
Kurunegala 30 40 36 56 6 16 22 47 53 44 925 675 1,600
Anuradhapura 3 26 5 35 3 5 6 24 10 29 300 414 714
Polonnaruwa 1 14 0 19 0 4 1 15 1 15 66 212 278
Badulla 3 27 10 38 1 8 2 26 1 32 216 458 674
Monaragala 4 14 1 20 1 4 2 15 1 13 137 223 360
Kegalle 27 20 12 29 5 7 6 24 27 22 519 335 854
Ratnapura 5 35 11 49 1 9 9 42 12 36 616 562 1,178
Special Intake (c) 0 41 0 22 0 13 0 22 0 34 0 1,321 1,321
Total 385 636 530 839 117 201 422 679 417 664 10,484 11,532(e) 22,016
A Merit B Other * Provisional Source : University Grants Commission
(a) 1. Arts Arts/Social Science and Humanities, Mass Media/Visual and performing Arts.
2. Admission to Arts courses is purely on merit however, policy ensure the number selected from each district to not less than the number admitted in 1993/94.
(b) Includes Biological Sciences, Physical Sciences, Surveying Science, Food Sciences, Fisheries & Marine Sciences and Physical Education courses.
(c) Students admitted on the basis of special categories, on the recommendations of the Appeals committee and additional intake are shown under the Special Intake
at the end of listing of districts.
(d) Other Courses Textile/Design/Transport and Logistic Management, Indigenous Medicine, Paramedical Studies.
(e) This includes a Supplementary Intake of 421.
148
University Admission by Academic Stream and Ethnicity 2007/2008 2010/2011
Arts Management & Law Science (a) Medicine Dentistry

Ethnicity Commerce
Sinhalese
2007/08 4,126 3,464 210 3,194 959 61
2008/09 4,480 3,408 275 3,881 985 67
2009/10 4,471 3,565 294 3,823 960 67
2010/11(b) 4,444 3,656 269 3,675 959 65

Tamils 2007/08 1,217 360 28 360 127 10
2008/09 1,211 415 34 423 120 7
2009/10 1,231 429 39 426 127 9
2010/11(b) 1,113 427 46 447 128 10

Moors 2007/08 568 168 12 162 63 8
2008/09 555 184 16 214 60 7
2009/10 592 216 19 249 78 5
2010/11(b) 683 237 34 252 83 4

Others 2007/08 11 11 1 7 1 0
2008/09 13 7 1 5 1 0
2009/10 11 11 1 3 1 0
2010/11(b) 7 10 1 4 7 4

Total 2007/08 5,922 4,003 251 3,723 1,150 79
2008/09 6,259 4,014 326 4,523 1,166 81
2009/10 6,305 4,221 353 4,501 1,166 81
2010/11(b) 6,247 4,330 350 4,378 1,177 83
Veterinary Agriculture Engineering Architecture Computer Sc. Other (e) Total

Ethnicity Science Quantity MIT/IT/ICT
Surveying (c) (d)
Sinhalese
2007/08 85 794 1,061 261 673 936 15,824
2008/09 89 807 1,076 253 773 590 16,684
2009/10 86 837 1,102 250 824 843 17,122
2010/11(b) 94 844 1,123 270 863 834 17,096

Tamils 2007/08 13 172 159 33 158 189 2,826
2008/09 11 139 173 38 98 103 2,772
2009/10 12 139 181 46 125 138 2,902
2010/11(b) 11 122 188 30 143 124 2,789

Moors 2007/08 2 55 55 11 85 107 1,296
2008/09 2 61 61 19 74 96 1,349
2009/10 1 57 59 13 105 93 1,487
2010/11(b) 2 54 57 16 93 122 1,637

Others 2007/08 0 0 3 1 2 1 38
2008/09 0 0 4 0 2 1 34
2009/10 2 3 0 1 1 2 36
2010/11(b) 0 1 1 1 2 1 39

Total 2007/08 100 1,021 1,278 306 918 1,233 19,984
2008/09 102 1,007 1,314 310 947 790 20,839
2009/10 101 1,036 1,342 310 1,055 1,076 21,547
2010/11(b) 107 1,021 1,369 317 1,101 1,081 21,561
(a) Includes Biological Sciences, Physical Sciences, Surveying Science, Food Sciences, Fisheries Source : University Grants Commission
& Marine Sciences and Physical Education courses from 2008/09. Up to 2007/08 includes
only Biological Science & Physical Science.
(b) Provisional
(c) Includes Design, Town & Country Planning and Facilities Management.
(d) Includes the Computation and Management Programme at University of Peradeniya and Information Technology and Management at University of
Moratuwa also.
(e) Includes Indigenous Medicine, Paramedical Studies and Fashion Design / Transport and Logistic Management.
149
Technical Colleges 2003 2012
College of Technology (a) Technical Colleges Total

Course Year
Intake Enrollment Intake Enrollment Intake Enrollment
Advance Diploma
2009 393 393 393 393
(NVQ Level 5 & 6)
2011 883 883 883 883

2012 (b) 785 1,169 23 23 808 1,192
National Diploma 2003 101 186 101 186
2004 108 191 108 191
2005 252 407 252 407
2006 188 339 188 339
2007 9 22 55 190 64 212
2008 453 495 94 152 547 647
2009 99 177 99 177
2010 16 16 49 103 65 119
2011 104 117 80 218 184 335
2012 (b) 145 212 86 157 231 369
National Certificate 2003 8,657 12,611 8,657 12,611
2004 7,788 12,021 7,788 12,021
2005 8,011 12,328 8,011 12,328
2006 15,260 19,635 15,260 19,635
2007 3,620 6,667 6,217 10,589 9,837 17,256
2008 4,884 7,719 9,083 13,803 13,967 21,522
2009 3,171 4,940 6,221 9,784 9,392 14,724
2010 1,332 1,756 2,840 3,939 4,172 5,695
2011 3,052 4,873 5,873 9,056 8,925 13,929
2012 (b)
3,307 4,876 5,741 8,387 9,048 13,263
National Craft (Trade) 2003 3,308 4,426 3,308 4,426
Certificate 2004 3,025 4,043 3,025 4,043
2005 3,252 4,279 3,252 4,279
2006 4,974 6,010 4,974 6,010
2007 1,124 1,592 1,936 2,837 3,060 4,429
2008 1,978 2,332 3,709 4,147 5,687 6,479
2009 1,237 1,507 2,364 2,796 3,601 4,303
2010 533 648 846 998 1,379 1,646
2011 1,107 1,386 2,076 2,434 3,183 3,820
2012 (b)
1,140 1,520 1,975 2,461 3,115 3,981
Short Courses 2003 1,042 1,042 1,042 1,042
(mainly intended for 2004 849 849 849 849
self-employment) 2005 852 852 852 852
2006 1,487 1,487 1,487 1,487
2007 165 165 762 762 927 927
2008 219 219 619 619 838 838
2009 313 313 949 949 1,262 1,262
2010 399 399 451 451 850 850
2011 1,420 1,420 2,586 2,586 4,006 4,006
2012 (b)
1,992 1,992 4,511 4,511 6,503 6,503
Short Courses Offered to 2003
Other Organizations (c) 2004 96 96 96 96
2005 87 87 87 87
2006 75 75 75 75
2007 70 70 70 70
2008 13,318 13,318 720 720 14,038 14,038
2009 508 508 257 268 765 776
2010 269 269 269 269
2011 29 29 29 29
2012 (b)
Total 2003 13,108 18,265 13,108 18,265
2004 11,866 17,200 11,866 17,200
2005 12,454 17,953 12,454 17,953
2006 21,984 27,546 21,984 27,546
2007 4,918 8,446 9,040 14,448 13,958 22,894
2008 20,852 24,083 14,225 19,441 35,077 43,524
2009 5,622 7,661 9,890 13,974 15,512 21,635
2010 3,072 3,692 4,186 5,491 7,258 9,183
2011 6,566 8,679 10,644 14,323 17,210 23,002
2012 (b) 7,369 9,769 12,336 15,539 19,705 25,308
NVQ National Vocational Qualification Source : Department of Technical Education and Training
(a) Nine Technical Colleges have been upgraded to the (c) In 2008, 12,273 additional students were enrolled for special vocational training programmes
level of College of Technology since 2007. Waddakil Vasantham Programmes under the Mahinda Chinthana at College of
(b) Provisional. Technology, Jaffna and LTTE surrenders at Rehabilitation Centres Pallekale, Walikanda.
Note : Normally academic year starts in July and will end in June in the following year. Hence, students statistics given here refers to the academic years.
150
Health Services 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Western Medicine (b)

Hospitals (c) 606 598 606 604 619 619 555 568 592 593
Primary Healthcare Units 387 375 397 397 387 411 475 476 475 480
Doctors (d) 9,631 10,025 10,330 11,800 12,686 14,255 14,831 15,283(e)
17,481(e)
18,190
Hospital Beds
61,808 60,328 61,937 62,749 62,197 65,835 68,897 69,501 69,731 73,437
Nurses
16,711 17,316 20,332 20,912 20,088 22,996 25,549 27,494 29,101 29,781
Attendants 6,880 6,696 6,701 7,129 7,201 7,184 8,301 8,189 7,477 8,403
In Patients Treated, 000 3,993 4,242 4,345 4,463 4,609 4,898 5,474 5,591 n.a. n.a.
Out Patients Visits, 000
43,765 43,392 42,483 41,429 43,073 45,382 48,782 n.a. n.a. n.a.
Midwives 7,473 7,192 7,267 7,635 8,995 8,337 8,943 8,726 8,748 8,745
Hospital 3,154 2,668 2,371 2,555 2,828 3,016 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Public Health 4,319 4,524 4,896 5,080 6,167 5,321 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Public Health Inspectors 1,420 1,397 1,512 1,535 1,740 1,475 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

Family Planning
New Acceptors (No.)
222,068 211,271 221,038 222,355 248,897 267,133 245,013 223,595 208,100 238,016
Loops 37,045 34,693 39,112 41,018 55,941 58,770 52,141 48,350 47,315 73,932
Oral Pills 44,998 44,057 46,699 47,403 54,725 53,594 50,454 45,398 38,433 79,957
Sterilizations 11,158 10,970 10,329 11,613 15,234 23,480 22,091 21,587 19,787 21,109
Injectables
127,440 119,606 123,107 121,544 120,679 120,004 110,966 98,540 87,865 37,886
Norplants 1,427 1,945 1,791 777 2,318 11,285 9,361 9,720 14,700 25,132
Total Expenditure on
Health, Rs. Mn. 27,476 34,419 44,851 58,038 68,702 74,548 71,453 73,835 89,217 98,999
Current Expenditure
22,073 25,919 34,113 44,069 51,741 55,874 58,789 60,506 74,443 81,946
Imports of Medical and
Pharmaceutical Products
(Govt. & Private), Rs. Mn.
10,210 11,952 13,461 16,279 19,742 23,010 23,199 24,549 38,487 47,537
(a) Provisional Sources : Ministry of Health

(b) Public Sector Family Health Bureau
(c) Includes Maternity Homes
(d) Includes Assistant Medical Practitioners
(e) Including Intern Medical Officers
n.a. Not available
151
Selected Public Health Personnel 1984 2010
Medical Dental Reg./Asst. Nurses (c) Public Health Hospital

Year
Officers (a) Surgeons (b) Medical Officers Nursing Sisters Inspectors Midwives Midwives
1984 1,951 288 984 7,400 209 916 3,001 1,538

1986 2,217 318 1,047 8,019 189 966 3,102 1,463
1988 2,316 355 1,100 8,317 154 977 3,209 1,531
1990 (d) 2,440 317 1,074 8,957 140 886 3,321 1,638
1991 2,934 358 1,201 9,934 101 914 3,583 1,776
1992 3,345 381 1,253 11,214 113 846 4,108 2,025
1993 3,713 390 1,305 11,818 109 876 4,361 2,172
1994 4,047 387 1,357 13,060 117 928 4,400 2,214
1995 4,577 421 1,376 13,403 174 932 4,383 2,288
1996 5,117 462 1,397 13,933 189 915 4,352 2,393
1997 5,628 481 1,384 13,815 145 901 4,497 2,284
1998 6,427 521 1,340 14,448 183 888 4,578 2,410
1999 6,994 529 1,340 14,052 237 1,142 4,625 2,503
2000 7,963 637 1,349 14,716 270 1,486 4,798 2,596
2001 8,384 751 1,343 15,797 259 1,401 4,654 2,723
2002 9,290 867 1,326 16,517 310 1,470 4,819 2,794
2003 9,063 889 1,260 16,621 310 1,420 4,319 3,154
2004 8,874 915 1,218 18,654 315 1,397 4,524 2,668
2005 10,198 954 1,274 19,934 313 1,512 4,896 2,371
2006 10,279 1,181 1,183 18,950 299 1,535 5,080 2,555
2007 11,023 1,314 1,194 22,370 290 1,740 6,167 2,828
2008 12,479 858 1,134 23,800 270 1,475 5,331 3,016
2009 13,874 1,051 1,099 31,198 169 1,371 5,167 2,773
2010 (e) 14,388 1,122 1,096 32,680 310 1,383 5,634 2,823
(a) Includes Medical Officers in curative, administrative and preventive services. Source : Medical Statistics Unit, Ministry of Health
(b) Includes Regional and Consultant Dental Surgeons.
(c) Excludes Pupil Nurses.
(d) Excludes the Northern Province.
(e) Provisional.
152
Public Health Personnel by District 2010(a)
Medical Officers (b) Public Health
Dental Reg./Asst.
District Administrative/ Health Surgeons Medical Nurses
Curative Nursing
Preventive (MOH) Total (d) Officers Inspectors Midwives
Services Sisters
Services (c)
Colombo 2,849 1,255 35 4,139 230 148 8,723 770 162 326
Gampaha 934 258 26 1,218 74 106 2,842 116 68 321
Kalutara 488 155 38 681 73 64 1,577 106 88 421
Kandy 1,188 331 37 1,556 133 150 3,477 103 99 539
Matale 199 70 15 284 27 40 482 37 49 205
Nuwara Eliya 158 56 14 228 30 23 383 19 37 198
Galle 574 204 33 811 55 68 2,065 66 87 309
Matara 259 55 25 339 38 45 1,163 32 77 283
Hambantota 200 44 21 265 16 16 776 27 69 266
Jaffna 216 37 1 254 24 36 398 12 57 35
Mannar 39 9 4 52 9 3 101 2 22 38
Vavuniya 102 49 5 156 16 5 284 16 17 25
Mullaitivu 3 0 0 3 2 2 11 0 6 8
Kilinochchi 1 1 0 2 3 1 29 0 0 21
Batticaloa 214 70 12 296 25 15 663 42 63 135
Ampara 234 16 12 262 18 5 724 25 37 108
Trincomalee 110 63 10 183 15 10 404 9 44 198
Kalmunai 224 37 13 274 21 16 477 20 62 148
Kurunegala 602 246 43 891 78 116 2,286 174 103 411
Puttalam 302 62 19 383 33 32 549 54 47 178
Anuradhapura 357 13 30 400 42 35 1,182 80 88 268
Polonnaruwa 130 58 13 201 26 9 491 14 40 121
Badulla 273 67 19 359 41 41 593 95 68 246
Moneragala 161 45 16 222 25 12 410 21 38 208
Ratnapura 370 82 32 484 44 39 1,690 53 89 321
Kegalle 358 67 20 445 24 59 900 41 83 297
Total 10,545 3,350 493 14,388 1,122 1,096 32,680 1,934 1,600 5,634
(Contd.)
Table 13.24 (Contd.)

Public Health Personnel by District 2010
Medical School
Hospital Pharma- Radio- Physio- ECG EEG
District Dispensers Techno- Dental
Midwives cists graphers therapists Recordists Recordists
logists Therapists
Colombo 200 317 105 478 199 120 87 20 35
Gampaha 161 98 76 89 36 44 18 4 15
Kalutara 161 49 41 62 16 8 9 2 30
Kandy 252 107 92 121 65 35 24 6 36
Matale 53 25 42 24 6 4 5 0 13
Nuwara Eliya 91 18 40 19 7 3 3 1 6
Galle 179 63 61 56 26 19 18 3 23
Matara 133 41 44 35 11 8 9 2 21
Hambantota 108 26 35 23 8 3 4 0 14
Jaffna 144 17 38 3 12 4 1 2 8
Mannar 26 2 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vavuniya 33 8 19 6 2 2 0 0 0
Mullaitivu 16 14 4 15 5 2 2 0 2
Kilinochchi 14 0 9 1 0 0 0 0 0
Batticaloa 114 29 35 26 12 8 8 1 2
Ampara 48 22 25 24 7 4 6 1 3
Trincomalee 17 20 26 25 6 6 3 1 4
Kalmunai 113 27 28 31 12 3 11 1 2
Kurunegala 267 82 111 87 25 16 17 4 32
Puttalam 54 31 41 34 8 3 6 3 8
Anuradhapura 139 39 64 45 18 8 9 3 12
Polonnaruwa 52 31 26 26 8 8 6 0 7
Badulla 121 35 84 32 14 7 7 1 12
Moneragala 53 25 40 20 9 4 1 0 8
Ratnapura 156 50 51 51 19 12 9 2 14
Kegalle 118 41 46 37 11 6 4 0 16
Total 2,823 1,217 1,193 1,370 542 337 267 57 323
(a) Provisional (d) Includes Regional Dental Surgeons and Source : Medical Statistics Unit,
(b) Includes Specialists and Interns. PGIM Trainees. Ministry of Health
(c) MOH Doctors.
153
Activities of Health Campaigns 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Patients Examined, 000 14.1 14.8 15.8 15.9 15.7 16.8 17.2 13.7 16.4 17.6
Positive Cases, 000 8.1 9.9 10.2 10.2 9.5 10.0 10.5 8.3 9.5 9.7
Personnel Strength Doctors 19 23 25 26 26 26 30 37 74 73
Others 98 86 93 128 128 128 98 99 363 346
Expenditure, Rs. Mn. 30.4 27.3 29.1 39.0 53.5 51.8(b) 58.7(b) 69.4(b) 74.2 61.4

Malaria
Patients Examined, 000 1,192.2 1,198.2 974.7 1,076.1 1,044.4 1,047.1 909.6 1,001.1 994.5 948.2
Positive Cases, 000 10.5 0.4 1.6 0.6 0.2 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.02
Others 3,105 2,991 2,866 2,675 2,403 2,227 2,084 1,861 1,858 1,742
Expenditure, Rs. Mn. 148.9 411.8 387.3 898.4 150.0 207.0 204.0 335.0 556.0 397.0

Leprosy
Patients Examined, 000 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1.411 2.207 3.752
Positive Cases, 000 1.9 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 0.1 0.1 0.2
Others 115 105 100 97 69 71 60 63 75 67
Expenditure, Rs. Mn. 21.3 31.5 32.6 41.0 40.0 35.8 32.9 42.1 38.6 50.3

Respiratory Diseases
Patients Examined, 000 404.8 393.0 456.6 n.a. 149.4 56.2 91.4 106.3 139.8 152.6
Positive Cases, 000 3.8 4.6 4.9 4.4 4.4 9.0 9.8 10.1 4.5 4.3
Others 458 460 498 476 476 505 487 677 516 545
Expenditure, Rs. Mn. 280.7 138.6 177.8 n.a. n.a. 332.3 454.0 555.0 514.0 407.8

Filariasis
Patients Examined, 000 716.5 595.1 525.1 514.5 559.3 513.4 494.7 482.9 411.6 373.1
Positive Cases, 000 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1
Personnel Strength Doctors (c) 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 5 10
Others (c) 23 24 24 26 30 20 25 25 27 24
Expenditure, Rs. Mn. 5.7 5.7 8.6 n.a. n.a. n.a. 13.7(d) 21.9(d) 23.1(d) 28.5
(a) Provisional Sources : STD / AIDS Control Programme

(b) Expenditure for Central STD Clinic only. Anti-Malaria Campaign
(c) Includes only Central government staff. Anti-Leprosy Campaign
(c) Includes expenditure of Central government only. Respiratory Disease Control Programme
n.a. Not available Anti-Filariasis Campaign.
154
Postal Services 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Main Post Offices (No.) 622 230 633 636 641 643 643 648 648 651
Sub Post Offices (No.) 3,428 3,411 3,408 3,407 3,412 3,410 3,410 3,410 3,410 3,413
Agency Post Offices (No.) 580 611 663 684 684 684 684 684 684 684
Delivery Areas (No.) 6,729 6,729 6,729 6,729 6,729 6,729 6,729 6,729 6,729 6,729
Area Served by a
Post Office (Sq. km.) 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14
Population Served by a
Post Office 4,084 4,288 4,100 4,231 4,252 4,311 4,311 4,312 4,330 4,214
Letters Per Inhabitant 24 24 25 25 23 21 21 21 14 13
Domestic Mail, 000

Letters 339,415 338,745 304,626 479,322 306,248 238,400 236,852 291,294 201,647 203,135
Post Cards 19,824 26,786 24,718 24,423 16,503 11,531 12,250 14,742 12,654 13,025
Newspapers &
Printed Materials 84,115 76,948 71,021 21,962 63,311 82,711 79,525 14,773 15,512 14,003
Express 246 233 217 355 222 198 212 95 86 91
Insured 209 371 386 185 201 162 281 28 36 33
Registered 32,832 28,313 34,213 32,309 33,651 32,413 59,426 19,149 28,698 30,954
Parcels
Parcels (Ordinary) Paid 409 1,000 1,095 1,536 712 1,210 1,194 438 320 323
Parcels (Ordinary) Other
284 62 58
Foreign Mail (Outward), 000

Sea
Letters 86 91 77 82 73 72 69 76 74 71
Post Cards 41 39 33 36 31 29 34 19 21 23
Newspapers &
Printed Materials 32 36 30 37 29 27 31 56 53 52
Small Packets 30 32 29 33 31 26 27 28
Parcels 16 8 6 7 6 7 11 5 4 3
Air
Aerogrames 2,131 2,023 2,213
Letters 32,422 32,816 27,915 31,751 30,740 24,997 27,356 4,526 5,382 4,748
Post Cards 3,614 3,912 3,328 3,629 3,115 3,025 3,451 6,631 7,329 7,163
Newspapers &
Printed Materials 794 835 710 1,066 924 917 840 134 143 156
Small Packets 354 388 330 444 391 388 367 86
Parcels 36 15 23 24 16 18 20 8 6 3
Foreign Mail (Inward), 000

Sea
Letters 70 84 71 72 68 65 67 62 59 57
Post Cards 49 56 47 49 46 43 40 31 28 29
Newspapers &
Printed Materials 61 68 57 58 56 59 57 43 39 37
Small Packets 28 34 29 30 31 29 26 33
Parcels 19 10 13 18 17 19 22 65 7 7
Air
Letters 29,617 30,835 26,225 27,852 28,258 20,745 22,498 19,315 20,167 20,489
Post Cards 2,511 3,141 2,670 2,841 2,540 2,420 2,765 2,165 3,154 2,932
Newspapers &
Printed Materials 1,610 1,733 1,473 1,570 1,518 1,492 1,623 1,456 1,569 1,635
Small Packets 436 462 395 399 391 389 398 386
Parcels & CDs 64 18 20 22 20 19 24 24 27 32
(a) Provisional. Source : Department of Posts
155
Telecommunication Services 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012(a)
Fixed Access Services

Subcriber Base (000) 934 991 1,244 1,884 2,742 3,446 3,436 3,535 3,608 3,449
Wireline Services (000) 818 860 919 910 932 934 872 897 942 999
Wireless Access Services (000) 116 131 325 974 1,810 2,513 2,564 2,638 2,667 2,450
Growth Rate of the Subscribers 5.8 6.1 25.5 51.4 45.5 25.7 -0.3 2.9 2.1 -4.4
Telephone Density (b)
(Telephones per 100 persons) 4.9 5.1 6.3 9.5 13.7 17.1 16.8 17.1 17.3 17.0
Turnover (b) (Rs. Mn.) 30.0 31.9 49.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

Other Services
Cellular Phones (000) 1,393 2,211 3,362 5,412 7,983 11,083 14,264 17,267 18,319 20,324
Turnover of Cellular Operators (Rs. Mn.)
57 53 26 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
Cellular Mobiles per 100 Persons 12 15 17 27 40 55 70 84 88 100
Public Pay Phone Booths 6,440 6,095 6,285 7,561 8,526 7,417 7,378 6,958 6,458 6,983
Radio Paging Subscribers 2,851 828 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
E-Mail and Internet Subscribers (000) 85 93, 115 130 202 234 240 502(c) 845(c) 1,366(c)
(a) Provisional Sources : Telecommunications Regulatory Commission of Sri Lanka

(b) Include Wireline Services and Wireless Services only Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(c) Includes mobile broadband services
n.a. Not available
Table 13.28
Mass Media 2003 2012
Item 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011(a) 2012(b)
Circulation of Newspapers (c)
Daily Newspapers, 000 151,811 165,730 177,792 155,650 173,579 161,578 164,547 170,240 173,255 195,199
Sinhala 103,585 113,810 120,859 116,426 118,721 117,136 123,245 126,730 128,163 149,380
Tamil 19,704 20,570 23,442 6,823 23,520 12,927 9,347 8,884 10,194 10,439
English 28,522 31,350 33,491 32,400 31,338 31,516 31,955 34,627 34,897 35,380
Copies per 000 persons
per day, No. 25 27 35 25 28 26 26 26 27 31

Weekly Newspapers, 000 112,132 120,134 120,941 77,322 98,266 88,696 82,801 80,295 88,281 90,860
Sinhala 89,002 96,997 97,723 56,299 69,537 66,178 62,096 62,948 70,453 72,533
Tamil 10,426 10,413 10,129 8,445 14,376 8,007 7,071 3,233 3,964 4,068
English 12,704 12,724 13,089 12,579 14,353 14,511 13,635 14,115 13,864 14,260
Copies per 000 persons
per week, No. 112 119 118 75 94 84 78 75 81 86

Televisions
No. of TV Channels 9 9 9 9 14 18 20 21 22 25
Radios
No. of Radio Services 21 21 21 21 39 56 48 51 51 54
(a) Revised. Sources : Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Ltd.

(b) Provisional. Express Newspapers (Ceylon) Ltd.
(c) Includes only national newspapers from 2006. Ministry of Mass Media and Information
Sumathi Publications
Upali Newspapers Ltd.
Wijeya Publications Ltd.
156
Prisoners 2002 2011
Item 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Training Schools for Youthful Offenders

Admission 64 101 42 55 32 22 36 26 32 28
Average daily population 124 161 178 177 125 90 75 69 67 70

Admission to Prisons by Offence
Murder 152 254 172 264 284 321 124 108 96 103
Attempted Murder 156 137 95 121 133 144 166 121 149 113
Culpable Homicide and Attempted
Culpable Homicide 295 307 203 221 246 241 529 335 470 210
Kidnapping 44 37 43 45 19 12 2 11 87 6
Rape 113 134 95 95 174 235 319 227 250 166
Simple & Grievous Hurt 385 353 382 407 289 267 290 317 347 217
Criminal Force & Intimidation 72 61 76 73 60 64 46 31 85 18
Unlawful Intercourse & Attempt 39 54 35 21 31 24 65 163 208 142
Attempt Suicide & Abetment of Suicide 15 18 4 0 10 14 2 0 0 0
Burglary & Robbery 683 618 734 875 990 948 894 1,130 1,438 819
Trespass, House Breaking &
Possession of House Breaking Tools 473 431 426 558 531 615 550 868 502 488
Extortion & Looting 407 406 492 586 615 597 583 519 683 537
Cheating & Criminal Breach of Trust 268 277 322 368 299 321 344 321 493 405
Theft 1,124 1,236 1,172 1,320 1,217 1,191 1,216 1,268 1,356 1,282
Other Offences
20,797 23,358 22,647 28,080 23,834 26,312 28,436 32,453 25,964 22,512
Total
25,023 27,681 26,898 33,034 28,732 31,306 33,566 37,872 32,128 27,018

Admissions to Prisons by Length of Sentence
Under one Month 1,083 1,845 2,096 3,229 2,302 2,616 2,440 3,034 2,972 2,098
One Month to Six Months
10,328 11,913 11,569 12,297 11,544 11,812 13,647 12,973 11,150 11,147
Seven Month to One Year 5,032 5,756 4,614 5,085 4,535 5,285 6,895 8,566 6,424 5,706
One Year to Two Years 5,412 4,987 6,177 9,703 7,849 8,410 7,103 9,375 8,367 5,757
Three Years to Five Years 2,229 2,308 1,737 1,938 1,675 2,057 2,377 3,105 2,433 1,698
Six Years to Ten Years 553 475 422 449 434 580 576 453 415 357
Over Ten Years 386 397 283 333 393 546 528 366 367 255
Total
25,023 27,681 26,898 33,034 28,732 31,306 33,566 37,872 32,128 27,018

Death Sentences
Sentenced to Death 69 102 68 113 165 176 128 108 96 107
Death Sentences Commuted to
Imprisonment 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Awaiting Execution or Final Decision
for Commutation or Execution 69 102 68 113 165 176 128 108 96 107

Admission Rate
(Per 100,000 Population) 132 144 138 168 145 157 166 185 156 130
Source : Prison Department
157
Prisoners by District 2007 2011
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

District
Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total
Colombo 13,112 273 13,385 14,201 313 14,514 13,592 465 14,057 12,044 276 12,320 10,060 274 10,334
Gampaha 2,613 101 2,714 2,560 117 2,677 3,346 77 3,423 3,264 48 3,312 3,457 79 3,536
Kalutara 2,196 125 2,321 1,947 126 2,073 2,358 84 2,442 1,862 66 1,928 1,453 43 1,496
Kandy 1,406 49 1,455 1,404 20 1,424 1,887 33 1,920 1,558 32 1,590 839 40 879
Matale 585 18 603 696 18 714 907 14 921 404 17 421 440 8 448
Nuwara Eliya 176 17 193 224 3 227 479 11 490 278 3 281 412 4 416
Galle 1,640 52 1,692 1,631 48 1,679 2,043 71 2,114 1,852 54 1,906 1,503 38 1,541
Matara 707 7 714 660 29 689 797 26 823 480 11 491 410 11 421
Hambantota 543 7 550 536 6 542 427 8 435 360 7 367 359 10 369
Jaffna 156 32 188 180 32 212 396 88 484 434 57 491 260 24 284
Mannar 135 2 137 9 9 18 111 8 119 120 8 128 80 8 88
Vavuniya 34 8 42 249 4 253 176 7 183 331 18 349 128 9 137
Mullaitivu 4 2 6 2 2 7 1 8 0 3 3 114 16 130
Kilinochchi 4 6 10 1 1 8 1 9 19 2 21 106 13 119
Batticaloa 151 5 156 244 19 263 319 44 363 499 61 560 336 14 350
Ampara 554 16 570 655 14 669 651 32 683 406 51 457 359 17 376
Trincomalee 686 59 745 512 23 535 720 52 772 478 15 493 288 8 296
Kurunegala 1,594 53 1,647 2,171 44 2,215 1,966 66 2,032 1,934 82 2,016 1,631 52 1,683
Puttalam 266 35 301 497 51 548 736 42 778 303 39 342 489 19 508
Anuradhapura 594 13 607 1,039 49 1,088 1,932 65 1,997 1,611 72 1,683 1,051 17 1,068
Polonnaruwa 722 20 742 677 20 697 967 20 987 526 34 560 338 14 352
Badulla 306 11 317 454 10 464 341 9 350 516 15 531 477 11 488
Monaragala 302 15 317 331 7 338 487 7 494 296 14 310 215 7 222
Ratnapura 1,483 29 1,512 966 27 993 1,004 28 1,032 977 20 997 904 17 921
Kegalle 323 59 382 712 19 731 933 23 956 544 27 571 536 20 556
Total 30,292 1,014 31,306 32,558 1,008 33,566 36,590 1,282 37,872 31,096 1,032 32,128 26,245 773 27,018
Source : Prison Department
158
Selected Demography of Prisoners 2008 2011
2008 2009 2010 `2011

Item
M F Total M F Total M F Total M F Total
Prisoners by Age Groups

Under 16 years 12 0 12 11 0 11 5 0 5 102 0 102
16 to 40 years
24,753 692 25,445 27,799 923 28,722 18,503 670 19,173 15,569 501 16,070
41 to 60 years 7,183 288 7,471 7,790 311 8,101 11,726 319 12,045 9,809 241 10,050
Above 60 years 610 28 638 990 48 1,038 862 43 905 765 31 796

Prisoners by Educational Status
No Schooling 2,386 148 2,532 1,908 164 2,072 2,710 135 2,845 1,255 95 1,350
Grade 15 9,152 400 9,552 11,805 699 12,504 11,798 418 12,216 10,242 313 10,555
Passed Grade 8 9,254 280 9,534 7,715 262 7,977 9,203 237 9,440 7,347 207 7,554
Passed GCE (O/L) 9,790 125 9,915 10,999 110 11,109 5,153 183 5,336 3,949 121 4,070
Passed GCE (A/L) 1,959 52 2,011 4,125 43 4,168 1,300 53 1,353 1,156 33 1,189
Graduates 17 5 22 24 4 28 40 6 46 37 4 41
Other 0 0 0 14 0 14 892 0 892 2,259 0 2,259

Prisoners by Marital Status
Never Married 9,068 180 9,248 6,261 137 6,398 12,301 136 12,437 10,985 122 11,107
Married
21,639 728 22,367 28,412 985 29,397 17,623 680 18,303 13,947 523 14,470
Widowed 450 37 487 351 71 422 261 75 336 299 62 361
Divorced 674 45 719 1,001 56 1,057 632 64 696 586 38 624
Legally Separated 727 18 745 565 33 598 279 77 356 428 28 456

Prisoners by Ethnicity
Sinhalese
22,809 758 23,567 26,171 916 27,087 21,961 703 22,664 18,741 538 19,279
Tamil 4,714 184 4,898 5,044 279 5,323 4,933 226 5,159 3,976 188 4,164
Moor 4,938 39 4,977 5,251 67 5,318 3,921 85 4,006 3,266 33 3,299
Malay 47 10 57 49 9 58 47 10 57 77 6 83
Burgher 39 11 50 62 9 71 89 5 94 79 8 87
Other 11 6 17 13 2 15 145 3 148 106 0 106

Prisoners by Religion
Buddhist
20,021 546 20,567 22,221 695 22,916 17,611 617 18,228 16,948 446 17,394
Hindu 4,058 152 4,210 5,088 229 5,317 6,041 176 6,217 3,050 137 3,187
Muslim 4,953 99 5,052 5,316 150 5,466 3,951 111 4,062 3,304 62 3,366
Roman Catholic 2,096 105 2,201 3,148 123 3,271 2,073 91 2,164 1,527 70 1,597
Other Christians 1,203 102 1,305 786 82 868 1,272 32 1,304 1,319 54 1,373
Others 227 4 231 31 3 34 148 5 153 97 4 101

Total Convicted Prisoners
32,558 1,008 33,566 36,590 1,282 37,872 31,096 1,032 32,128 26,245 773 27,018
M Male Source : Prison Department

F Female
159
Sri Lanka and Asia Table 14.1
Demographic Indicators : SAARC Countries
Sri Afghanis- Bangla-
Indicator Ref. Year Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan
Lanka tan desh
Mid-year Population, Mn. 1990 17.0 17.6 109.0 0.5 835.0 0.2 18.1 109.7
2009 20.5 25.5 139.1 0.7 1,166.2 0.3 25.9 169.9
2010 20.7 26.0 141.0 0.7 1,182.1 0.3 26.3 173.5
2011 20.9 26.5 142.9 0.7 1,197.8 0.3 26.6 177.1
Population Growth, % 2009 1.1 2.0 1.3 1.8 1.4 1.6 1.4 2.1
2010 1.0 1.9 1.3 1.8 1.4 1.7 1.4 2.1
2011 1.0 1.9 1.3 1.8 1.3 1.7 1.4 2.1
Land Area, 000 Sq.km. 2009 62.71 652.23 130.17 38.39 2,973.19 0.30 143.35 770.88
Density of Population
[Persons per Sq. km.] (a) 2011 333.3 40.6 1,097.8 18.2 402.9 1,083.7 185.6 229.7
Population by Age Groups, %
0 14 Years 2011(b) 24.9 46.2 30.6 28.8 30.2 25.8 35.5 35.0
15 64 Years 2011(b) 66.7 51.6 64.8 66.4 64.8 69.0 60.3 60.7
65 Years & Above 2011(b) 8.4 2.3 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.3 4.2 4.3
Urban Population, % 2011 15.1(c) 22.2 25.4(d) 31.2 40.5(e) 17.0 65.3
Crude Birth Rate, per 1,000 2010 17.6 43.6 20.3 20.4 22.2 16.8 24.1 27.3
Crude Death Rate, per 1,000 2010 6.2 15.9 6.1 6.9 8.0 3.6 5.9 7.5
Total Fertility Rate
[Births per Woman] 2010 2.3 6.3 2.2 2.4 2.6 1.8 2.7 3.4
Infant Mortality Rate
[per 1,000 Live Births] 2010 14 103 38 44 48 14 41 70
Maternal Mortality Rate
[per 100,000 Live Births] 2010 35 460 240 180 200 60 170 260
Expectation of Life at Birth, Years 2012 75.1 49.1 69.2 67.6 65.8 77.1 69.1 65.7
(a) Population / Land area without Sources : Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2012, ADB Human Development Report 2013, UNDP
Inland water. FAOSTAT Database Access website Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(b) Provisional (www.faostat.fao.org)
(c) 2006
(d) 2008
(e) 2010
Table 14.2
Demographic Indicators : Selected East Asian Countries
Indicator Ref. Year Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Rep. of Korea Singapore Thailand
Mid-year Population, Mn. 1990 179.4 18.1 60.9 42.9 3.0 55.8
2009 231.4 28.1 91.0 49.2 5.0 66.9
2010 237.6 28.6 92.6 49.4 5.1 67.3
2011 241.6 29.0 94.2 49.8 5.2 67.6
Population Growth, % 2009 1.2 1.9 1.8 0.5 3.1 0.6
2010 1.5 1.8 1.7 0.5 1.8 0.6
2011 1.7 1.4 1.7 0.7 2.1 0.4
Land Area, 000 Sq.km. 2009 1,811.6 328.6 298.2 97.1 0.7 510.9
Density of Population
[Persons per Sq. km.] (a) 2011 133.4 88.3 315.2 512.9 7,428.6 132.3
Population by Age Groups, %
0 - 14 Years 2011(b) 26.7 29.9 35.0 16.1 16.8 20.2
15 - 64 Years 2011(b) 67.7 65.2 61.3 72.4 73.7 70.7
65 Years & Above 2011(b) 5.6 4.9 3.7 11.5 9.4 9.1
Urban Population, % 2011 49.8(c) 71.0(c) 66.4(c) 82.9(c) 100.0 36.1
Crude Birth Rate, per 1,000 2010 18.2 20.3 25.1 9.4 9.3 12.1
Crude Death Rate, per 1,000 2010 7.0 4.7 5.8 5.1 4.4 7.4
Total Fertility Rate
[Births per Woman] 2010 2.1 2.6 3.1 1.2 1.2 1.6
Infant Mortality Rate
[per 1,000 Live Births]
2010 27 5 23 4 2 11
Maternal Mortality Rate
[per 100,000 Live Births]
2010 220 29 99 16 3 48
Expectation of Life at Birth, Years
2012 69.8 74.5 69.0 80.7 81.2 74.3
(a) Population / Land area without Inland water. Sources : Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2012, ADB
(b) Provisional Human Development Report 2013, UNDP
FAOSTAT Database Access website
(c) 2010 (www.faostat.fao.org)
160
National Accounts Indicators : SAARC Countries

Lanka tan desh
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (a) 2008 40,715 10,768 79,568 1,257 1,219,071 1,892 11,692 140,912
Mn US $ 2009 42,068 12,596 89,050 1,265 1,258,440 1,942 12,744 148,213
2010 49,568 16,148.3 99,688 1,585 1,565,282 2,076 16,316 164,733
2011 59,184 n.a. 107,441 n.a. 1,763,975 2,050 18,501 197,972

GDP Per Capita (a), US$ 2008 2,014 432 559 1,874 1,121 6,110 458 874
2009 2,057 495 617 1,851 1,140 6,174 492 916
2010 2,400 622 683 2,277 1,415 6,491 622 1,002
2011 2,836 n.a. 718 n.a. 1,579 6,306 695 1,179

GDP Per Capita at PPP, US$ 2008 4,563 983 1,560 4,896 2,962 8,125 1,255 2,531
2009 4,720 1,196 1,645 5,185 3,196 7,699 1,307 2,595
2010 5,107 1,280 1,742 5,787 3,494 8,099 1,367 2,671
2011 4,620 n.a. 1,906 n.a. 3,783 8,793 1,439 2,753

Growth Rate of Real GDP, % 2008 6.0 2.3 6.2 4.7 6.7 12.2 6.1 3.7
2009 3.5 17.2 5.9 6.7 8.4 -4.7 4.5 1.7
2010 8.0 3.2 5.9 11.8 8.4 5.7 4.8 3.1
2011 8.2 n.a. 6.7 n.a. 6.5 7.5 3.9 3.0
Sectoral Composition of GDP, % (a)

Agriculture 2008 12.1 28.5(b) 19.0(c) 19.0 17.8(b) 5.4 31.7(d) 20.3(b)
2009 12.0 32.2(b) 18.6(c) 18.7 17.7(b) 4.0 33.0(d) 21.6(b)
2010 11.9 28.8(b) 18.6(c) 17.5 17.7(b) 3.8 35.4(d) 21.2(b)
2011 11.2 n.a. 18.3(c) n.a. 17.2(b) 3.5 36.9(d) 21.6(b)
Industry 2008 28.4 26.3(b) 28.5(c) 44.5 28.3(b) 17.3 16.8(d) 26.8(b)
2009 28.6 21.9(b) 28.6(c) 43.2 27.6(b) 14.7 15.9(d) 24.7(b)
2010 28.7 21.3(b) 28.4(c) 44.6 27.1(b) 15.2 15.1(d) 25.4(b)
2011 29.3 n.a. 28.2(c) n.a. 26.4(b) 15.7 14.8(d) 24.9(b)
Services 2008 59.5 45.2(b) 52.5(c) 36.5 53.9(b) 77.3 51.5(d) 52.9(b)
2009 59.3 45.9(b) 52.8(c) 38.1 54.7(b) 81.3 51.2(d) 53.7(b)
2010 59.3 49.8(b) 53.0(c) 37.9 55.1(b) 81.0 49.5(d) 53.4(b)
2011 59.5 n.a. 53.5(c) n.a. 56.4(b) 80.9 48.3(d) 53.4(b)

Consumption, Investment and Savings, % of GDP (a)
Private Consumption 2008 70.0 113.2 74.4 39.8 57.7 n.a. 80.3 76.5
2009 64.4 98.5 74.7 37.9 57.4 n.a. 79.8 81.3
2010 65.2 97.4 74.5 41.7 56.5 n.a. 78.5 82.3
2011 69.8 n.a. 74.9 n.a. 56.0 n.a. 81.8 84.1

Government Consumption 2008 16.2 10.1 5.3 19.0 10.9 n.a. 9.9 12.5
2009 17.6 11.3 5.3 21.4 12.0 n.a. 10.8 8.1
2010 15.6 11.5 5.4 20.0 11.9 n.a. 10.0 8.0
2011 14.8 n.a. 5.8 n.a. 11.7 n.a. 9.6 7.9

Gross Domestic Capital Formation 2008 27.6 18.1 24.2 39.8 35.5 n.a. 30.3 22.1
2009 24.4 17.4 24.4 41.2 36.1 n.a. 31.7 18.2
2010 27.6 17.5 24.4 52.3 35.8 n.a. 38.3 15.6
2011 30.0 n.a. 25.2 n.a. 35.5 n.a. 32.5 13.1

Gross Domestic Savings 2008 13.9 -23.3 20.3 16.1 32.0 n.a. 9.8 11.0
2009 17.9 -9.9 20.1 27.2 33.8 n.a. 9.4 10.7
2010 19.3 -8.9 20.1 33.7 32.3 n.a. 11.5 9.7
2011 15.4 n.a. 19.3 n.a. n.a. n.a. 8.6 8.0

Gross National Savings 2008 17.8 n.a. 30.2 29.1 35.0 n.a. 33.2 21.0
2009 23.7 n.a. 29.6 32.3 37.0 n.a. 35.9 20.5
2010 25.3 n.a. 30.0 42.1 34.5 n.a. 36.0 20.8
2011 22.0 n.a. 28.8 n.a. n.a. n.a. 31.6 20.1
(a) Estimates at current market prices. Sources : Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2012, ADB
(b) Estimates at current factor cost prices. Department of Census and Statistics
(c) Estimates at current producer prices. Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(d) Estimates at current basic prices.
n.a. Not available
161
National Accounts Indicators : Selected East Asian Countries
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (a) 2008 510,228 230,524 174,208 931,360 189,945 289,973
Mn US $ 2009 539,577 202,516 168,333 834,080 185,576 279,119
2010 708,064 246,906 199,590 1,014,856 227,300 341,022
2011 846,876 287,935 224,786 1,116,239 259,803 369,728

GDP Per Capita (a), US$ 2008 2,209 8,362 1,948 19,027 39,249 4,362
2009 2,302 7,212 1,849 16,959 37,208 4,172
2010 2,980 8,636 2,155 20,540 44,773 5,066
2011 3,513 9,941 2,387 22,424 50,119 5,470

GDP Per Capita at PPP, US$ 2008 3,985 14,536 3,702 26,689 55,905 8,749
2009 4,162 14,341 3,719 26,931 55,074 8,541
2010 4,352 15,122 3,980 28,797 57,902 9,353
2011 4,682 16,034 4,170 30,205 61,103 9,573

Growth Rate of Real GDP, % 2008 6.0 4.8 4.2 2.3 1.7 1.6
2009 4.6 -1.5 1.1 0.3 -1.0 -1.1
2010 6.2 7.2 7.6 6.3 14.8 7.5
2011 6.5 5.1 3.9 3.6 4.9 0.1
Sectoral Composition of GDP, % (a)

Agriculture 2008 14.5 10.1 (b) 13.2 2.7 (c) 0 (c) 10.1
2009 15.3 9.3 (b) 13.1 2.8 (c) 0 (c) 10.0
2010 15.3 10.5 (b) 12.3 2.6 (c) 0 (c) 10.9
2011 14.7 12.0 (b) 12.8 2.7 (c) 0 (c) n.a.

Industry 2008 48.1 45.6 (b) 32.9 36.5 (c) 26.6 (c) 39.6
2009 47.7 41.4 (b) 31.7 36.8 (c) 27.9 (c) 38.7
2010 47.0 41.5 (b) 32.6 38.8 (c) 27.9 (c) 40.1
2011 47.2 40.7 (b) 31.5 39.2 (c) 26.6 (c) n.a.

Services 2008 37.5 44.4 (b) 53.9 60.8 (c) 73.4 (c) 50.3
2009 37.0 49.3 (b) 55.2 60.4 (c) 72.1 (c) 51.3
2010 37.6 48.0 (b) 55.1 58.5 (c) 72.1 (c) 49.0
2011 38.1 47.3 (b) 55.7 58.1 (c) 73.4 (c) n.a.
Consumption, Investment and Savings, % of GDP (a)

Private Consumption 2008 60.6 44.7 74.3 54.7 40.2 53.8
2009 58.7 48.8 74.7 54.1 40.2 53.9
2010 56.7 47.5 71.6 52.6 38.4 52.1
2011 54.6 47.5 73.7 52.9 39.4 n.a.

Government Consumption 2008 8.4 11.5 8.8 15.3 10.7 14.4
2009 9.6 13.0 9.9 16.0 10.6 15.8
2010 9.1 12.2 9.7 15.2 10.5 15.4
2011 9.0 13.0 9.6 15.4 10.3 n.a.

Gross Domestic Capital Formation 2008 27.8 21.5 19.3 31.2 29.4 28.4
2009 31.0 17.8 16.6 26.3 25.5 20.6
2010 32.5 23.1 20.5 29.5 22.1 24.9
2011 32.8 23.6 21.7 29.5 22.4 n.a.

Gross Domestic Savings 2008 31.0 43.8 16.8 30.0 49.9 30.8
2009 31.7 38.1 15.5 29.9 49.3 30.1
2010 34.4 40.3 18.7 31.9 50.5 31.2
2011 36.4 39.5 16.7 31.8 59.1 n.a.

Gross National Savings 2008 28.5 38.5 52.2 30.7 43.3 29.8
2009 20.2 33.4 57.9 30.3 41.8 28.5
2010 23.7 34.2 60.3 32.0 46.5 28.9
2011 26.7 34.6 56.8 31.7 44.4 n.a.
(a) Estimates at current market prices. Sources : Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2012, ADB
(b) Estimates at current producer prices. Department of Census and Statistics
(c) Estimates at current basic prices. Central Bank of Sri Lanka
n.a. Not available
162
Agricultural and Industrial Indicators : SAARC Countries
Indicator Ref. Year Sri Lanka Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan
Agriculture
Arable Land (Agrucultural), 2000 14.6 11.8 64.1 2.6 54.7 10.0 16.4 27.6
% of Total Land Area 2011 19.1 11.9 58.6 2.5 52.9 10.0 16.4 26.9
Forest Area, % of Total Land Area 2000 33.2 2.1 11.3 78.4 22.0 3.0 27.2 2.7
2011 29.4 2.1 11.1 84.9 23.1 3.0 25.4 2.1
Permanent Crops, % of Agricultural 2000 42.3 0.2 4.8 3.6 5.0 55.6 2.5 2.4
Land Area 2011 37.4 0.3 9.9 3.4 6.8 42.9 2.8 3.1
Agricultural Land per Capita, Hectares 2000 0.12 1.76 0.07 0.88 0.18 0.03 0.19 0.19
2011 0.13 1.43 0.06 0.74 0.15 0.02 0.16 0.15
Share of Agriculture in GDP, % (a) 2010 11.9 28.8(b)(c) 18.6(d) 17.5 17.7(b) 3.8 35.4(e) 21.2(b)
2011 11.2 n.a. 18.3(d) n.a. 17.2(b) 3.5 36.9(e) 21.6(b)
Index of Agricultural Production
(20042006 = 100) 2010 120.6 115.5 129.6 95.2 119.6 86.5 112.3 110.6
Paddy Production / World Paddy
Production (f), % 2011 0.54 0.09 7.00 0.01 21.54 n.a. 0.62 0.85
Yield of Paddy Production 2000 3,437 2,000 3,484 1,704 2,851 n.a. 2,703 3,031
per Hectare, kg. 2011 3,970 3,200 4,219 3,257 3,531 n.a. 2,981 2,396
Per Capita Paddy Production, kg. 2000 147 12 294 74 125 n.a. 187 51
2011 186 25 354 109 130 n.a. 168 35
Industry
Share of Manufacturing in GDP, % (a) 2010 18.0 12.2 17.3 8.7 14.5(b) 4.4 5.9 17.7(b)
2011 18.2 17.0 13.9(b) 4.8 5.8 18.6(b)
Index of Manufacturing 2011 n.a. n.a. 503.0(g) n.a. 180.8(h) n.a. 103.5(i)(j) 208.3(k)
Electricity Consumption 1990 151 20(l) 49 254 268 113 35 267
Per Capita, kWh 2009 408 64(m) 252 977(n) 571 613(j) 91 449
Energy Consumption 2000 0.4 n.a. 0.1 1.8 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5
Per Capita, (kgoe) 2009 0.5 n.a. 0.2 0.4 0.6 1.1 0.4 0.5
(a) Estimates at current market prices (f) World Paddy Production 2011 : 722,760,295 MT Sources : Key Indicators for Asia
(b) Estimates at current factor cost prices (g) 1988/89 = 100 (h) 2004/05 = 100 (i) 2003/04 = 100 and the Pacific 2012, ADB
(c) Provisional (j) 2010 (k) 1999/2000 = 100 (l) 2001 (m) 2011 (n) 2005 FAOSTAT Database Access website
(d) Estimates at current producer prices n.a. Not available (www.faostat.fao.org)
(e) Estimates at current basic prices kgoe kilogram of Oil Equivalent Central Bank of Sri Lanka
Table 14.6
Agricultural and Industrial Indicators : Selected East Asian Countries
Agriculture
Arable Land (Agrucultural), 2000 11.3 5.5 16.9 17.4 1.5 30.6
% of Total Land Area 2011 13.0 5.5 18.1 15.4 0.9 30.8
Forest Area, % of Total Land Area 2000 54.9 65.7 23.9 63.7 3.4 37.2
2011 51.7 62.0 25.9 64.0 3.3 37.2
Permanent Crops, % of Agricultural 2000 30.6 73.3 41.6 10.1 16.7 17.0
Land Area 2011 36.7 73.5 43.0 11.7 13.7 21.4
Agricultural Land per Capita, Hectares 2000 0.22 0.34 0.15 0.04 0.32
2011 0.23 0.27 0.13 0.04 0.31
Share of Agriculture in GDP, % (a) 2010 15.3 10.5(b) 12.3 2.6(c) 10.9
2011 14.7 12.0(b) 12.8 2.7(c) n.a.
Index of Agricultural Production
(20042006 = 100) 2010 121.5(d) 111.8 111.6 100.5 97.4 110.6
Paddy Production / World Paddy
Production (e), % 2011 9.10 0.37 2.31 0.87 n.a. 4.79
Yield of Paddy Production 2000 4,401 3,064 3,068 6,711 n.a. 2,613
per Hectare, kg. 2011 4,980 3,898 3,678 7,382 n.a. 2,974
Per Capita Paddy Production, kg. 2000 252 91 161 153 n.a. 415
2011 272 92 177 127 n.a. 512
Industry
Share of Manufacturing in GDP, % (a) 2010 24.8 24.6 21.4 27.2 20.8 31.5
2011 24.3 24.4 21.0 28.1 19.6
Index of Manufacturing 2011 142.1(f) 117.4(g) 3,920.1(h)(k) 149.9(g) 100.0(i) 172.4(j)
Electricity Consumption 1990 160 1,171 363 2,373 4,983 703
Per Capita, kWh 2009 590 3,614 593 8,980 7,949 2,045
Energy Consumption 2000 0.8 2.0 0.5 4.0 4.8 1.2
Per Capita (kgoe) 2009 0.9 2.4 0.4 4.7 3.7 1.5
(a) Estimates at current market prices (e) World Paddy Production 2011 : (j) 2000 = 100 Sources : Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2012, ADB
(b) Estimates at current producer prices 722,760,295 MT (k) 1978 = 100 FAOSTAT Database Access website
(c) Estimates at current basic prices (f) 2000 = 100 n.a. Not available (www.faostat.fao.org)
(d) 19992001 = 100 (g) 2005 = 100 Negligible Central Bank of Sri Lanka
kgoe kilogram of Oil Equivalent (h) 2010
(i) 2001 = 100
163
Inflation(a) : Sri Lanka and Selected Countries
Percentage
Country 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
SAARC Countries
Sri Lanka (b) 9.0 11.0 10.0 15.8 22.6 3.5 6.2 6.7
Afghanistan 13.2 12.3 5.1 13.0 26.8 -12.2 7.7 11.8
Bangladesh 6.1 7.0 6.8 9.1 8.9 5.4 8.1 10.7
Bhutan 4.6 5.3 5.0 5.2 8.3 4.4 7.0 8.9
India 3.9 4.0 6.3 6.4 8.3 10.9 12.0 8.9
Maldives 6.3 2.5 3.5 7.4 12.3 4.0 4.7 14.1
Nepal 4.0 4.5 8.0 6.2 6.7 12.6 9.5 9.6
Pakistan 4.0 9.3 8.0 7.8 10.8 17.6 10.1 13.7
East Asian Countries (Selected)

Indonesia 6.1 10.5 13.1 6.7 9.8 4.8 5.1 5.4

Malaysia 1.4 3.0 3.6 2.0 5.4 0.6 1.7 3.2
Philippines 4.8 6.6 5.5 2.9 8.2 4.2 3.8 4.7
Republic of Korea 3.6 2.8 2.2 2.5 4.7 2.8 2.9 4.0
Singapore 1.7 0.5 1.0 2.1 6.6 0.6 2.8 5.2
Thailand 2.8 4.5 4.6 2.2 5.5 -0.8 3.3 3.8
Industrial Countries (Selected)

Japan 0.0 -0.3 0.2 0.1 1.4 -1.3 -0.7 -0.3

United Kingdom 1.3 2.0 2.3 2.3 3.6 2.1 3.3 4.5
United States 2.7 3.4 3.2 2.9 3.8 -0.3 1.6 3.1
(a) Percentage change of annual average Consumer Price Index. Sources : World Economic Outlook October 2012 IMF
(b) 2003 to 2008 Colombo Consumer Price Index (2002 = 100) Department of Census and Statistics
2009 onwards Colombo Consumer Price Index (2006/07 = 100) Central Bank of Sri Lanka
164
External Trade and Finance Indicators : SAARC Countries
Exports, Mn. US $ 2009 7,085 n.a. 15,073 516 168,219 169 837 18,347
(-12.6) n.a. (-2.8) (-13.8) (-15.3) (-49.0) (-15.1) (-13.5)
2010 8,626 n.a. 19,243 545 225,502 180 902 21,469
(21.8) n.a. (27.7) (5.5) (34.1) (6.5) (7.7) (17.0)
2011 10,559 n.a. 24,564 665 n.a. n.a. 999 26,295
(22.4) (27.7) (22.2) (10.8) (22.5)

Exports Per Capita, US $ 2009 346 108 737 144 563 32 108
2010 418 136 778 191 600 34 124
2011 506 172 950 38 148

Imports, Mn. US $ 2009 10,207 n.a. 19,678 607 247,883 851 4,265 28,617
(-27.6) (-8.5) (-9.6) (-15.0) (-30.3) (21.2) (-25.1)
2010 13,451 n.a. 25,082 843 323,435 978 5,016 32,917
(31.8) (27.5) (39.0) (30.5) (14.9) (17.6) (15.0)
2011 20,269 n.a. 32,584 1,185 n.a. n.a. 5,665 38,934
(50.7) (29.9) (40.5) (12.9) (18.3)

Imports Per Capita, US $ 2009 499 141 867 213 2,838 165 168
2010 651 178 1,205 274 3,260 191 190
2011 971 228 1,692 213 220

Export / Import Ratio 2009 0.69 0.77 0.85 0.68 0.20 0.20 0.64
2010 0.64 0.77 0.65 0.70 0.18 0.18 0.65
2011 0.52 0.75 0.56 0.18 0.68

Balance of Trade (a), 2009 -3,122 -4,605 -91 -79,664 -682 -3,428 -10,270
Mn, US $ 2010 -4,825 -5,839 -299 -97,933 -798 -4,115 -11,448
2011 -9,710 -8,020 -519 -4,666 -12,639

Current A/c Balance, 2009 -214 n.a. 3,556 -20 -25,922 -419 -228 -3,993
Mn, US $ 2010 -1,075 n.a. 2,109 -142 -51,781 -463 -438 -1,354
2011 -4,615 n.a. 244 -355 n.a. n.a. 49 -2,234

Total Reserves Minus 2009 4,616 3,501 10,219 891 265,182 276 2,761 11,318
Gold, Mn, US $ 2010 6,710 4,174 10,564 1,002 275,277 364 2,925 14,346
2011 6,248 5,268 8,510 790 271,285 349 3,631 14,528

External Debt, Mn, US $ 2010 25,002 2,297 24,963 898 290,282 1,229 3,702 56,773
2011 28,441 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

External Debt Service / 2010 16.7 n.a. 4.7 n.a. 5.6 21.3 10.5 15.2
Exports Ratio, % (b) 2011 12.8 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

Exchange Rate for US $ (c) 2009 114.94 50.33 69.04 48.41 48.41 12.80 77.55 81.71
2010 113.06 46.45 69.65 45.73 45.73 12.80 73.16 85.19
2011 110.57 46.75 74.15 46.67 46.67 14.60 74.02 86.34
(a) Exports less imports Sources : International Financial Statistics, Yearbook 2012, IMF
(b) Total debt service includes principal and interest payments on long term debt, Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2012, ADB
interest payments on short term debt, and IMF repurchases and charges. Central Bank of Sri Lanka
(c) Units of domestic currency (annual average) per US dollar.
n.a. Not available
Note : Annual change (%) is given within parenthesis.
165
External Trade and Finance Indicators : Selected East Asian Countries
Exports, Mn. US $
2009 119,646 157,655 37,610 358,217 273,997 150,788
(-14.3) (-21.1) (-22.1) (-17.6) (-20.3) (-13.9)

2010 158,074 198,954 50,748 461,459 358,485 193,610
(32.1) (26.2) (34.9) (28.8) (30.8) (28.4)
2011 201,472 227,481 47,231 552,795 n.a. n.a.
(27.5) (14.3) (-6.9) (19.8)

Exports Per Capita, US $ 2009 517 5,610 413 7,281 54,799 2,254
2010 665 6,956 548 9,341 70,291 2,877
2011 834 7,844 501 11,100

Imports, Mn. US $ 2009 88,714 117,402 46,452 320,355 244,619 118,180
(-24.0) (-20.9) (-24.0) (-25.4) (-22.6) (-25.1)

2010 127,447 157,283 61,714 421,404 311,727 161,933
(43.7) (34.0) (32.9) (31.5) (27.4) (37.0)
2011 166,125 178,631 62,681 521,642 n.a. n.a.
(30.3) (13.6) (1.6) (23.8)

Imports Per Capita, US $ 2009 383 4,178 510 6,511 48,924 1,767
2010 536 5,499 666 8,530 61,123 2,406
2011 688 6,160 665 10,475

Export / Import Ratio 2009 1.35 1.34 0.81 1.12 1.12 1.28
2010 1.24 1.26 0.82 1.10 1.15 1.20
2011 1.21 1.27 0.75 1.06

Balance of Trade (a), 2009 30,932 40,253 -8,842 37,862 29,378 32,608
Mn, US $ 2010 30,627 41,671 -10,966 40,055 46,758 31,677
2011 35,347 48,850 -15,450 31,153

Current A/c Balance, 2009 10,628 31,801 9,358 32,791 35,207 21,891
Mn, US $ 2010 5,144 27,290 8,922 29,394 49,558 13,099
2011 2,070 32,025 7,078 26,505 n.a. n.a.

Total Reserves Minus 2009 63,563 95,432 38,783 269,933 187,592 135,483
Gold, Mn, US $ 2010 92,908 104,884 55,363 291,491 225,503 167,530
2011 106,539 131,780 67,290 304,255 237,662 167,389

External Debt, Mn, US $ 2010 179,064 81,497 72,337 359,432 n.a. 71,263
2011 n.a. n.a. n.a. 398,387 n.a. n.a.

External Debt Service / 2010 16.6 5.2 18.4 n.a. n.a. 4.8
Exports Ratio, % (b) 2011 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.

Exchange Rate for US $ (c) 2009 10,390 3.52 47.68 1,277 1.45 34.29
2010 9,090 3.22 45.11 1,156 1.36 31.69
2011 8,770 3.06 43.31 1,108 1.26 30.49
(a) Exports less imports Sources : International Financial Statistics, Yearbook 2012, IMF
(b) Total debt service includes principal and interest payments on long term debt, Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2012, ADB
interest payments on short term debt, and IMF repurchases and charges.
(c) Units of domestic currency (annual average) per US dollar.
n.a. Not available
Note : Annual change (%) is given within parenthesis.
166
Monetary and Fiscal Indicators : SAARC Countries
Reserve Money, Mn. US $ 2009 2,654 2,408 10,188 478 217,888 480 2,544 19,589
2010 3,249 3,519 12,142 608 277,132 474 2,790 22,458
2011 3,859 4,084 12,141 398 261,784 490 3,382 22,995

Narrow Money, Mn. US $ 2009 2,944 3,943 10,880 485 285,131 583 2,712 45,799
2010 3,670 5,307 14,123 355,233 589 2,930 53,078
2011 3,852 5,928 13,190 623 318,763 531 2,884 56,338

Broad Money, Mn. US $ 2009 15,790 4,149 55,864 954 1,123,683 1,082 10,679 80,872
2010 18,849 5,671 66,222 1,160 1,389,255 1,241 12,142 91,086
2011 21,876 6,351 66,924 1,018 1,355,088 1,237 12,840 97,712

% of GDP 2009 37.5 32.9 62.7 75.5 89.3 55.7 83.8 54.6
2010 38.0 35.1 66.4 73.2 88.8 59.8 74.4 55.3
2011 37.0 62.3 76.8 60.3 69.4 49.4
Composition of Broad Money (%)

Currency 2011 9.8 45.2 12.4 13.0 14.0 9.7 18.5 23.1
Demand Deposits 2011 7.9 47.9 11.0 49.4 9.6 33.2 10.5 50.8
Quasi-Money 2011 82.4 6.9 76.6 37.6 76.5 57.0 71.1 26.0

% Change of Money (a)
Narrow Money 2010 24.7 25.0 32.6 19.6 1.1 4.1 17.9
2011 5.0 21.0 8.0 6.7 8.6 10.4 11.4

Broad Money 2010 19.4 26.9 21.1 16.7 18.7 14.6 9.6 14.6
2011 16.1 21.3 16.9 4.3 15.9 20.0 18.7 12.6

Causal Factors in Broad Money, Mn. US $

Net Foreign Assets 2011 3,402 6,850 8,628 731 286,081 186 2,683 11,052
Domestic Credit 2011 20,395 -508 52,966 737 1,372,709 1,606 9,103 82,175
Net Other Items 2011 -4,947 738 -7,774 -468 -279,882 -556 -2,023 -17,063

Money Multiplier (b)
for Narrow Money 2009 1.1 1.6 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.2 1.1 2.3
2010 1.1 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 2.4
2011 1.0 1.5 1.1 1.6 1.2 1.1 0.9 2.5

for Broad Money 2009 6.0 1.7 5.5 2.0 5.2 2.3 4.2 4.1
2010 5.8 1.6 5.5 1.9 5.0 2.6 4.4 4.1
2011 5.7 1.6 5.5 2.6 5.2 2.5 3.8 4.2
Income Velocity of Money (c)
of Narrow Money 2009 17.0 3.2 8.2 2.6 4.4 3.3 4.7 3.2
2010 15.5 3.0 7.1 4.4 3.5 5.6 3.1
2011 15.4 2.7 7.6 2.5 4.9 3.9 5.7 2.9

of Broad Money 2009 2.9 3.0 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.8 1.2 1.8
2010 2.9 2.8 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.7 1.3 1.8
2011 2.9 1.6 1.3 1.7 1.4 2.0

Fiscal Operation Indicators, % of GDP

Revenue 2011 14.3 n.a. 12.5 22.9 9.0 27.8 15.2 14.3
Total Expenditure 2011 21.4 n.a. 15.2 38.7 14.9 41.8 21.4 19.1
Budget Surplus (+) / Deficit (-) 2011 -6.9 n.a. -2.9 19.3 -5.9 -10.2 -2.3 -4.6
(a) Percentage change of amounts in domestic currency. Sources : International Financial Statistics, Year Book 2012, IMF
(b) Ratio of Money to Reserve Money. Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2012, ADB
(c) Ratio of GDP to Money. Central Bank of Sri Lanka
n.a. Not available
167
Monetary and Fiscal Indicators : Selected East Asian Countries
Reserve Money, Mn. US $ 2009 49,616 16,007 58,204 25,896 31,933

2010 58,408 19,868 65,691 31,480 39,839
2011 72,490 30,324 30,113 69,505 34,929 41,636

Narrow Money, Mn. US $ 2009 54,875 58,670 334,388 66,604 35,252
2010 53,818 72,769 376,976 87,352 43,196
2011 79,724 81,274 33,974 383,815 99,269 44,628

Broad Money, Mn. US $ 2009 227,807 289,693 107,535 1,345,513 264,446 318,430
2010 274,853 345,369 125,967 1,463,280 313,070 390,660
2011 317,294 384,182 132,523 1,520,627 340,857 428,071

% of GDP 2009 42.2 143.0 63.9 161.3 142.5 114.1
2010 38.8 139.9 63.1 144.2 137.7 114.6
2011 37.5 133.4 59.0 136.2 131.2 115.8

Composition of Broad Money (%)
Currency 2011 10.7 4.4 11.3 2.3 5.6 7.6
Demand Deposits 2011 14.4 16.9 21.2 23.0 23.6 2.8
Quasi-Money 2011 74.9 78.7 67.5 74.8 70.9 89.6

% Change of Money (a)
Narrow Money 2010 -6.2 11.7 9.9 20.3 10.9
2011 49.4 15.1 3.3 14.8 8.6

Broad Money 2010 15.4 7.3 10.9 6.0 8.6 11.0
2011 16.4 14.6 5.3 5.5 10.0 15.2

Causal Factors in Broad Money, Mn. US $

Net Foreign Assets 2011 100,596 153,958 74,010 251,453 228,108 171,067
Domestic Credit 2011 301,610 350,459 112,580 1,747,706 235,163 402,430
Net Other Items 2011 -84,914 -113,355 -57,280 -478,531 -122,413 -145,426

Money Multiplier (b)
for Narrow Money 2009 1.1 3.7 5.7 2.6 1.1
2010 0.9 3.7 5.7 2.8 1.1
2011 1.1 2.7 1.1 5.5 2.8 1.1

for Broad Money 2009 4.6 18.1 23.1 10.2 10.0
2010 4.7 17.4 22.3 9.9 9.8
2011 4.4 12.7 4.4 21.9 9.8 10.3

Income Velocity of Money (c) 2009 9.8 3.5 2.5 2.8 7.9
of Narrow Money 2010 13.2 3.4 2.7 2.6 7.9
2011 10.6 3.5 6.6 2.9 2.6 8.3

2009 2.4 0.7 1.6 0.6 0.7 0.9
of Broad Money 2010 2.6 0.7 1.6 0.7 0.7 0.9
2011 2.7 0.7 1.7 0.7 0.8 0.9

Fiscal Operation Indicators, % of GDP
Revenue 2011 16.2 21.0 14.0 23.6 n.a. 17.9
Total Expenditure 2011 17.4 25.9 15.8 22.1 n.a. 19.8
Budget Surplus (+) / Deficit (-) 2011 -1.2 -4.8 -2.0 1.5 n.a. -1.8
(a) Percentage change of amounts in domestic currency. Sources : International Financial Statistics, Year Book 2012, IMF
(b) Ratio of Money to Reserve Money. Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2012, ADB
(c) Ratio of GDP to Money.
n.a. Not available
168
Social Indicators : SAARC Countries
Lanka tan desh
Human Development Index (a)

(Max.: 1.000 ; Min.: 0.000) 2012 0.715 0.374 0.515 0.538 0.554 0.688 0.463 0.515
Literacy Rate, % Male 2010 93.2 n.a. 61.3 n.a. 75.2(b) 98.4(b) 73.0 68.6(c)
(15 Years and over) Female 90.8 n.a. 52.2 n.a. 50.8(b) 98.4(b) 48.3 40.3(c)
Labour Force Participation Rate, %
Male 2011 66.2 n.a. 82.5(d) 72.3 55.0(c) n.a. n.a. 68.7
Female 31.2 n.a. 36.0(d) 62.8 18.6(c) n.a. n.a. 21.7
Unemployment Rate, % 2011 4.2 3.4(e) 4.5(d) 3.1 2.5(c) 11.7(d) 2.7(f) 5.9
Employment (% of total employment)
Agriculture 2011 32.9 69.6(e) 47.5(d) 60.2 53.1(c) 4.3(d) n.a. 45.1
Industry 2011 24.8 6.2(e) 12.6(d) 9.2 21.5(c) 9.4(d) n.a. 13.7
Services 2011 33.8 24.2(e) 39.9(d) 30.6 25.4(c) 86.3(d) n.a. 41.2
Population below the Poverty Line,% (g) 20002009 15.2 36.0 40.0 23.2 27.5 n.a. 30.9 22.3
Physicians per 10,000 population 2010 7.3(c) 2.1(c) 3.0(h) 0.2(h) 6.5(c) 16.0(h) 2.1(e) 8.1(c)
Hospital Beds per 10,000 people 2010 33.7(c) 4.0 3.0(i) 17.0(b) 9.0(i) 43.0(c) 50.0(b) 6.0(c)
Per Capita Electricity Consumpation (kWh) 2009 408 64(j) 252 977(i) 571 613(d) 91 449
Internet Subscriptions per 1,000 Persons (k) 2011 17.18 0.06(d) 0.45 18.71 10.71 68.00 3.56 4.17
Telephones per 1,000 Persons
(Main Lines) 2011 173 1 11 39 27 80 32 32
(Mobile Phones) 2011 877 663 595 692 746 1,768 502 615
(a) A composite index of life expectancy, education and income. Sources : Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2012, ADB
(b) 2006 (c) 2009 (d) 2010 (e) 2004 (f) 2008 Human Development Report 2013, UNDP
(g) National Poverty Line (Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified).
(h) 2007 (i) 2009 (j) 2010 (k) Fixed Broadband Internet
n.a. Not available
Table 14.13
Social Indicators : Selected East Asian Countries
Human Development Index (a)

(Max.: 1.000 ; Min.: 0.000) 2012 0.629 0.769 0.654 0.909 0.895 0.690
Literacy Rate, % Male 2010 94.0 95.4 95.0 (b) n.a. 98.0 95.6 (c)
(15 Years and over) Female 86.8 90.7 95.8 (b) n.a. 93.8 91.5 (c)
Labour Force Participation Rate, %
Male 2011 84.3 79.8 79.0 73.1 75.6 80.3
Female 52.4 47.9 50.4 49.7 57.0 64.3
Unemployment Rate, % 2011 6.6 3.1 7.0 3.4 2.7 0.7
Employment (% of total employment)
Agriculture 2011 35.9 12.0 33.0 6.4 0.1 38.7
Industry 2011 14.6 17.7 8.8 16.9 14.8 13.9
Services 2011 49.5 70.3 58.2 76.7 85.1 47.4
Population below the Poverty Line,% (c) 20002009 13.3 3.8 26.5 n.a. n.a. 8.1
Physicians per 10,000 population 2010 2.9 (d) 9.4 (b) 11.5 (e) 20.2 18.3 (f) 3.2
Hospital Beds per 10,000 people 2010 6.0 18.0 5.0 (f) 103.0 (f) 31.0 (b) n.a.
Per Capita Electricity Consumption (kWh) 2009 590 3,614 593 8,980 7,949 2,045
Internet Subscriptions per 1,000 Persons (g) 2011 11.33 74.06 19.01 358.61 254.50 55.30
(Main Lines) 2011 160 146 72 592 388 99
(Mobile Phones) 2011 980 1,264 926 1,054 1,491 1,164
(a) A composite index of life expectancy, education and income. Sources : Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2012, ADB
(b) 2008 Human Development Report 2013, UNDP
(c) National Poverty Line (Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified).
(d) 2007 (e) 2004 (f) 2009 (g) Fixed Broadband Internet.
n.a. Not available
169
Doing Business Ranking 2013 : SAARC Countries

Indicator Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan
Lanka tan desh
Overall Rank 81 168 129 148 132 95 108 107

Starting a business 33 28 95 94 173 63 105 98
Dealing with construction permits 112 164 83 124 182 19 97 105
Getting electricity 103 110 185 136 105 120 96 171
Registering property 143 174 175 85 94 151 21 126
Getting credit 70 154 83 129 23 167 70 70
Protecting investors 49 185 25 150 49 82 82 32
Paying taxes 169 94 97 71 152 57 114 162
Trading across borders 56 178 119 172 127 138 171 85
Enforcing contracts 133 164 182 37 184 92 137 155
Resolving insolvency 51 115 119 185 116 41 121 78
Sources : Doing Business Ranking 2013

World Bank
Table 14.15
Doing Business Ranking 2013 : Selected East Asian Countries
Indicator Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Rep. of Korea Singapore Thailand
Overall Rank 128 12 138 8 1 18

Starting a business 166 54 161 24 4 85
Dealing with construction permits 75 96 100 26 2 16
Getting electricity 147 28 57 3 5 10
Registering property 98 33 122 75 36 26
Getting credit 129 1 129 12 12 70
Protecting investors 49 4 128 49 2 13
Paying taxes 131 15 143 30 5 96
Trading across borders 37 11 53 3 1 20
Enforcing contracts 144 33 111 2 12 23
Resolving insolvency 148 49 165 14 2 58
Sources : Doing Business Ranking 2013

World Bank
170
World Tables Table 15.1
World Tea Production Land Area, Exports and Imports 2003 2011
Country 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Production (Mn.kgs.)
Sri Lanka 303.3 308.1 317.2 310.8 304.6 318.7 289.8 331.4 328.6
Bangladesh 58.3 55.6 60.6 53.4 58.4 58.7 60.0 59.3 59.3
China 768.1 835.2 934.9 1,028.1 1,140.0 1,257.6 1,358.6 1,475.1 1,623.2
India 878.1 893.0 946.0 981.8 986.4 980.8 979.0 966.4 988.3
Indonesia 169.8 164.8 156.3 146.8 137.2 137.5 136.5 129.2 119.7
Total Asia 2,646.5 2,738.7 2,864.2 2,982.5 3,119.9 3,244.7 3,313.9 3,438.9 3,596.5
Kenya 293.7 324.6 323.5 310.6 369.6 345.8 314.2 399.0 377.9
Malawi 41.7 50.1 38.0 45.0 48.1 41.6 52.6 51.6 47.1
Total Africa 477.2 505.8 488.5 482.6 562.2 520.5 514.0 609.5 583.0
Total CIS / USSR 8.7 7.6 6.6 7.7 7.5 7.8 7.9 7.9 8.1
Total South America 76.6 74.4 89.7 97.9 97.1 82.1 100.2 105.4 103.6
Total Oceania 7.9 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.5 8.1
Total World 3,216.9 3,334.5 3,457.2 3,579.0 3,795.0 3,863.5 3,944.4 4,170.2 4,299.2

Land Area (000 ha.)
Sri Lanka 188.2 188.7 188.5 188.6 188.6 188.3 188.2 188.0 187.9
Bangladesh 50.0 51.3 52.3 52.4 53.4 54.1 54.7 54.9 54.4
China 1,207.3 1,262.3 1,351.9 1,431.3 1,613.3 1,719.4 1,848.5 1,970.2 2,112.5
India 519.6 521.4 555.6 567.0 578.5 578.5 579.0 579.4 578.0
Indonesia 143.6 142.1 138.7 135.6 133.7 127.7 125.4 124.4 123.5
Total Asia 2,499.5 2,553.0 2,676.9 2,766.0 2,959.5 3,060.1 3,185.2 3,306.7 3,443.8
Kenya 131.5 136.7 141.3 147.1 149.2 157.7 158.4 171.9 187.9
Malawi 18.7 18.7 18.7 18.8 18.6 18.6 18.6 18.6 18.6
Total Africa 242.7 248.5 252.3 258.3 261.6 269.5 268.8 284.7 303.4
Total CIS / USSR 40.2 39.8 39.8 39.4 39.0 38.5 38.3 38.3 38.4
Total South America 45.6 45.9 45.9 46.0 46.4 47.2 48.1 49.3 49.3
Total Oceania 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7
Total World 2,832.6 2,891.8 3,019.6 3,114.5 3,311.2 3,420.0 3,544.9 3,683.5 3,839.5

Percentage Share of
World Tea Exports
Sri Lanka 20.8 18.6 19.0 19.9 18.7 18.1 17.4 16.8 17.3
Bangladesh 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.1
China 18.6 17.9 18.2 18.1 18.4 18.0 18.9 17.0 18.5
India 12.2 12.4 12.4 13.6 11.1 12.1 12.2 12.3 10.9
Indonesia 6.3 6.3 6.5 6.0 5.3 5.8 5.7 4.9 4.3
Taiwan 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2
Turkey 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2
Vietnam 4.3 6.3 5.6 6.6 7.1 6.3 7.5 7.2 8.2
Other Asia 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9
Total Asia 64.7 63.8 63.7 65.9 62.6 62.2 63.3 59.5 60.6
Kenya 19.3 21.4 22.2 19.8 21.8 23.2 21.3 24.8 24.1
Malawi 3.0 3.0 2.7 2.7 3.0 2.4 2.9 2.7 2.6
Ruwanda 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Tanzania 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.9 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.6
Uganda 2.4 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.8 2.6 3.0 3.0 2.5
Zimbabwe 1.2 1.0 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.4
Other Africa 1.6 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.1
Total Africa 29.9 30.9 31.0 28.6 31.7 32.2 31.5 34.9 33.8
Argentina 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.5 4.8 4.7 4.3 4.8 4.9
Other South America 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2
Total Others 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total World Exports
(Mt 000) 1,391.8 1,559.0 1,566.3 1,578.6 1,579.0 1,653.1 1,605.1 1,778.7 1,749.5
( Contd.)
171
World Tables Table 15.1 (Contd.)
World Tea Production Land Area, Exports and Imports 2003 2011
Country 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
World Tea Imports for

Consumption (Mn. kgs.)
Europe
France 14.0 13.1 14.1 13.4 15.3 15.1 13.9 15.3 14.9
Germany 27.0 21.8 19.6 21.3 24.4 23.8 19.0 24.9 25.9
Ireland (Republic) 13.6 10.5 9.9 8.8 8.9 9.9 10.7 10.2 8.6
Other CIS 55.4 59.5 61.9 69.0 72.0 82.3 84.6 87.8 90.0
Other Europe 39.2 40.9 40.5 43.3 43.8 46.7 45.2 45.3 44.6
Poland 30.8 32.1 31.1 27.1 28.1 31.0 28.7 29.4 34.0
Russian Federation 165.7 166.2 173.0 166.2 174.4 175.0 175.2 174.6 180.7
United Kingdom 125.3 128.8 128.2 135.4 131.2 129.8 120.1 119.2 128.1
Sub Total 470.9 472.7 478.2 484.5 497.9 513.5 497.5 506.8 526.8

North America and West Indies
Canada 20.4 18.2 18.1 17.0 17.5 15.2 15.7 15.9 17.5
USA 94.2 99.5 100.1 107.6 109.4 116.7 110.9 126.8 127.5
Other Countries 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7
Sub Total 116.0 119.2 119.7 126.2 128.6 133.6 128.2 144.5 146.7

Latin America
Chile 16.0 20.2 17.9 19.1 19.6 22.4 18.0 21.4 21.9
Other Countries 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.3
Sub Total 19.5 23.9 21.7 23.1 23.7 26.5 22.2 25.6 26.2

Asia
Afghanistan 48.0 41.0 34.0 34.0 44.0 40.3 46.9 57.6 46.6
Dubai 48.8 43.4 53.0 56.0 58.0 60.0 54.0 58.0 51.0
Jordan 14.5 16.4 14.2 11.0 9.0 13.7 11.8 15.8 9.0
Iran 30.4 40.0 43.0 49.6 56.1 61.6 50.5 53.0 66.0
Iraq 37.8 51.0 58.0 67.0 32.0 39.5 43.8 41.4 40.8
Pakistan 118.3 120.0 139.3 116.8 106.4 99.1 85.7 120.3 126.2
Saudi Arabia 14.0 14.2 15.2 12.2 14.7 15.4 13.5 14.8 15.6
Syria 29.0 30.6 29.2 27.7 25.5 32.2 30.3 27.3 28.0
Yeman 10.1 12.1 10.4 7.0 14.3 14.3 14.4 16.0 14.8
Other Asian
Countries 51.6 52.8 55.2 58.8 63.3 59.9 65.0 68.1 68.6
Sub Total 402.5 421.4 451.5 440.0 423.2 436.0 415.9 472.3 466.6

Africa
Egypt 49.9 71.8 73.5 80.5 71.0 107.0 77.6 93.5 84.0
Libya 18.5 7.4 17.5 14.5 9.3 9.0 9.5 12.3 8.9
Morocco 44.9 45.7 50.1 50.6 52.5 48.2 53.7 56.3 58.5
South Africa 14.8 16.6 18.6 18.8 18.2 19.3 19.5 19.8 19.5
Sudan 13.5 17.0 20.0 17.5 23.0 21.4 23.2 29.1 25.0
Tunisia 10.4 10.5 9.3 11.3 9.8 11.7 8.8 8.0 8.4
Other African
Countries 80.9 82.1 84.7 83.5 90.1 89.6 88.4 100.6 103.2
Sub Total 232.9 251.1 273.6 276.7 274.0 306.2 280.7 319.6 307.5

Oceania
Australia 13.1 14.0 13.8 13.6 13.0 12.7 12.3 12.5 11.8
Other Oceanian
Countries 5.1 5.4 5.3 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.8 5.9 6.0
Sub Total 18.1 19.4 19.1 19.1 18.6 18.3 18.1 18.4 17.8

Major Producing
Countries in Asia 87.6 119.9 105.3 117.3 126.0 123.3 119.4 132.7 141.2

Total Imports 1,347.6 1,427.7 1,469.1 1.486.9 1,492.1 1,557.5 1,481.9 1,619.9 1,632.9
Source : Annual Statistics Bulletin - 2012, International Tea Committee
172
Growth of Real GDP Percentage
Average
Region / Country 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
19942003
Advanced Economies 2.8 3.1 2.6 3.0 2.8 0.1 -3.5 3.0 1.6
Australia 3.8 4.1 3.1 2.7 4.7 2.5 1.4 2.5 2.1
Canada 3.5 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.2 0.7 -2.8 3.2 2.4
Denmark 2.4 2.3 2.4 3.4 1.6 -0.8 -5.8 1.3 0.8
France 2.2 2.5 1.8 2.5 2.3 -0.1 -3.1 1.7 1.7
Germany 1.5 0.7 0.8 3.9 3.4 0.8 -5.1 4.0 3.1
Greece 3.5 4.4 2.3 5.5 3.0 -0.2 -3.3 -3.5 -6.9
Japan 0.9 2.4 1.3 1.7 2.2 -1.0 -5.5 4.5 -0.8
Korea 5.7 4.6 4.0 5.2 5.1 2.3 0.3 6.3 3.6
Israel 4.3 4.8 4.9 5.6 5.5 4.0 0.8 5.7 4.6
Italy 1.7 1.7 0.9 2.2 1.7 -1.2 -5.5 1.8 0.4
New Zealand 3.6 4.3 3.1 2.3 2.9 -0.2 -2.4 1.8 1.3
Singapore 5.4 9.2 7.4 8.8 8.9 1.7 -1.0 14.8 4.9
Sweden 3.2 3.7 3.2 4.5 3.4 -0.8 -5.0 5.9 4.0
United Kingdom 3.5 2.9 2.8 2.6 3.6 -1.0 -4.0 1.8 0.8
United States 3.3 3.5 3.1 2.7 1.9 -0.3 -3.1 2.4 1.8
Emerging and Developing
Economies 4.4 7.5 7.3 8.2 8.7 6.1 2.7 7.4 6.2
Sub-Saharan Africa 4.0 7.1 6.2 6.4 7.1 5.6 2.8 5.3 5.1
Botswana 6.6 6.0 1.6 5.1 4.8 3.0 -4.7 7.0 5.1
Ethiopia 4.0 11.7 12.6 11.5 11.8 11.2 10.0 8.0 7.5
Ghana 4.6 5.3 6.0 6.1 6.5 8.4 4.0 8.0 14.4
Kenya 2.5 4.6 6.0 6.3 7.0 1.5 2.7 5.8 4.4
Nigeria 5.5 10.6 5.4 6.2 7.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 7.4
South Africa 3.0 4.6 5.3 5.6 5.5 3.6 -1.5 2.9 3.1
Tanzania 4.5 7.8 7.4 6.7 7.1 7.4 6.0 7.0 6.4
Uganda 7.1 6.6 8.6 9.5 8.6 7.7 7.0 6.1 5.1
Zimbabwe n.a. -6.0 -5.5 -3.5 -3.8 -18.3 6.3 9.6 9.4
Developing Asia 7.0 8.5 9.5 10.3 11.4 7.9 7.0 9.5 7.8
Bangladesh 5.1 6.1 6.3 6.5 6.3 6.0 5.9 6.4 6.5
Bhutan 6.8 5.9 7.1 6.8 17.9 4.7 6.7 11.8 5.3
China 9.4 10.1 11.3 12.7 14.2 9.6 9.2 10.4 9.2
Fiji 2.7 5.5 2.5 1.9 -0.9 1.4 -1.3 -0.2 2.1
India 6.0 7.6 9.0 9.5 10.0 6.9 5.9 10.1 6.8
Indonesia 3.1 5.0 5.7 5.5 6.3 6.0 4.6 6.2 6.5
Malaysia 5.4 6.8 5.0 5.6 6.3 4.8 -1.5 7.2 5.1
Maldives 8.1 10.4 -8.7 19.6 10.6 12.2 -4.7 5.7 5.8
Myanmar n.a. 13.6 13.6 13.1 12.0 3.6 5.1 5.3 5.5
Nepal 4.5 4.7 3.5 3.4 3.4 6.1 4.5 4.8 3.9
Pakistan 3.9 7.5 9.0 5.8 6.8 3.7 1.7 3.1 3.0
Papua New Guinea 1.2 0.6 3.9 2.3 7.2 6.6 6.1 7.6 8.9
Philippines 3.8 6.7 4.8 5.2 6.6 4.2 1.1 7.6 3.9
Sri Lanka 4.4 5.4 6.2 7.7 6.8 6.0 3.5 8.0 8.2
Thailand 3.4 6.3 4.6 5.1 5.1 2.6 -2.3 7.8 0.1
Central and Eastern Europe 3.4 7.3 5.9 6.4 5.4 3.2 -3.6 4.6 5.3
Hungary 3.2 4.8 4.0 3.9 0.1 0.9 -6.8 1.3 1.7
Lithuania n.a. 7.4 7.8 7.8 9.8 2.9 -14.8 1.4 5.9
Romania 2.1 8.5 4.2 7.9 6.3 7.3 -6.6 -1.6 2.5
Turkey 2.7 9.4 8.4 6.9 4.7 0.7 -4.8 9.2 8.5
Middle East and North Africa 4.0 6.2 5.3 6.3 5.7 4.5 2.6 5.0 3.3
Bahrain 4.2 5.6 7.9 6.7 8.4 6.3 3.2 4.7 2.1
Egypt 4.8 4.1 4.5 6.8 7.1 7.2 4.7 5.1 1.8
Iran 4.2 6.1 4.7 6.2 6.4 0.6 3.9 5.9 2.0
Jordan 4.2 8.6 8.1 8.1 8.2 7.2 5.5 2.3 2.6
Kuwait 3.9 10.8 10.1 8.1 6.5 4.2 -7.8 2.5 8.2
Saudi Arabia 2.2 5.3 5.6 3.2 2.0 4.2 0.1 5.1 7.1
Latin America and
the Caribbean 2.5 6.0 4.7 5.7 5.8 4.2 -1.5 6.2 4.5
Argentina 0.8 8.9 9.2 8.5 8.7 6.8 0.9 9.2 8.9
Brazil 2.5 5.7 3.2 4.0 6.1 5.2 -0.3 7.5 2.7
Chile 4.6 6.8 6.3 5.8 5.2 3.1 -0.9 6.1 5.9
Colombia 2.3 5.3 4.7 6.7 6.9 3.5 1.7 4.0 5.9
Jamaica 0.9 1.3 0.9 2.9 1.4 -0.8 -3.5 -1.5 1.3
Mexico 2.6 4.0 3.2 5.1 3.2 1.2 -6.0 5.6 3.9
Panama 3.9 7.5 7.2 8.5 12.1 10.1 3.9 7.6 10.6
Paraguay 1.7 4.1 2.1 4.8 5.4 6.4 -4.0 13.1 4.3
Peru 4.3 5.0 6.8 7.7 8.9 9.8 0.9 8.8 6.9
Uruguay 0.7 4.6 6.8 4.1 6.5 7.2 2.4 8.9 5.7

World 3.4 4.9 4.6 5.3 5.4 2.8 -0.6 5.1 3.8
n.a. Not available. Sources : World Economic Outlook, October 2012, IMF
173
Consumer Price Changes(a) Percentage
Average
Region / Country 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
19942003
Advanced Economies 2.1 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.2 3.4 0.1 1.5 2.7
Australia 2.6 2.3 2.7 3.5 2.3 4.4 1.8 2.8 3.4
Canada 1.8 1.8 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.4 0.3 1.8 2.9
Denmark 2.1 1.2 1.8 1.9 1.7 3.4 1.3 2.3 2.8
France 1.5 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.5 2.8 0.1 1.5 2.1
Germany 1.4 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.3 2.8 0.2 1.2 2.5
Greece 5.4 2.9 3.5 3.2 2.9 4.2 1.2 4.7 3.3
Hong Kong 1.7 -0.4 0.9 2.0 2.0 4.3 0.6 2.3 5.3
Israel 6.1 -0.4 1.3 2.1 0.5 4.6 3.3 2.7 3.4
Italy 2.9 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.0 3.5 0.8 1.6 2.9
Japan 0.0 0.0 -0.3 0.2 0.1 1.4 -1.3 -0.7 -0.3
Korea 4.1 3.6 2.8 2.2 2.5 4.7 2.8 2.9 4.0
New Zealand 2.0 2.3 3.0 3.4 2.4 4.0 2.1 2.3 4.0
Singapore 1.0 1.7 0.5 1.0 2.1 6.6 0.6 2.8 5.2
Sweden 1.3 0.4 0.5 1.4 2.2 3.4 -0.5 1.2 3.0
United Kingdom 1.7 1.3 2.0 2.3 2.3 3.6 2.1 3.3 4.5
United States 2.4 2.7 3.4 3.2 2.9 3.8 -0.3 1.6 3.1
Emerging and Developing Economies 19.8 5.9 5.8 5.6 6.5 9.3 5.1 6.1 7.2
Sub-Saharan Africa 20.2 7.4 9.0 7.0 7.0 12.6 9.4 7.5 9.7
Botswana 8.7 7.0 8.6 11.6 7.1 12.6 8.1 6.9 8.5
Ethiopia 3.2 3.2 11.7 13.6 17.2 44.4 8.5 8.1 33.1
Ghana 27.8 12.6 15.1 10.2 10.7 16.5 19.3 10.7 8.7
Kenya 8.9 11.8 9.9 6.0 4.3 15.1 10.6 4.1 14.0
Nigeria 22.0 15.0 17.9 8.2 5.4 11.6 12.5 13.7 10.8
South Africa 7.2 1.4 3.4 4.7 7.1 11.5 7.1 4.3 5.0
Tanzania 13.4 4.1 4.4 7.3 7.0 10.3 12.1 7.2 12.7
Uganda 4.8 3.7 8.6 7.2 6.1 12.0 13.1 4.0 18.7
Zambia 29.5 18.0 18.3 9.0 10.7 12.4 13.4 8.5 8.7
Zimbabwe n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 6.2 3.0 3.5
Developing Asia 6.1 4.1 3.7 4.2 5.4 7.4 3.0 5.7 6.5
Bangladesh 5.2 6.1 7.0 6.8 9.1 8.9 5.4 8.1 10.7
Bhutan 6.1 4.6 5.3 5.0 5.2 8.3 4.4 7.0 8.9
China 4.9 3.9 1.8 1.5 4.8 5.9 -0.7 3.3 5.4
Fiji 2.7 2.8 2.3 2.5 4.8 7.7 3.7 5.5 8.7
India 7.0 3.9 4.0 6.3 6.4 8.3 10.9 12.0 8.9
Indonesia 13.7 6.1 10.5 13.1 6.7 9.8 4.8 5.1 5.4
Malaysia 2.7 1.4 3.0 3.6 2.0 5.4 0.6 1.7 3.2
Maldives 2.1 6.3 2.5 3.5 7.4 12.3 4.0 4.7 14.1
Myanmar n.a. 3.8 10.7 26.3 32.9 22.5 8.2 8.2 4.0
Nepal 6.5 4.0 4.5 8.0 6.2 6.7 12.6 9.5 9.6
Pakistan 7.3 4.0 9.3 8.0 7.8 10.8 17.6 10.1 13.7
Papua New Guinea 11.5 2.1 1.8 2.4 0.9 10.8 6.9 6.0 8.4
Philippines 6.3 4.8 6.6 5.5 2.9 8.2 4.2 3.8 4.7
Sri Lanka (b) 9.4 9.0 11.0 10.0 15.8 22.6 3.5 6.2 6.7
Thailand 3.6 2.8 4.5 4.6 2.2 5.5 -0.8 3.3 3.8
Central and Eastern Europe 37.7 6.6 5.9 5.9 6.0 8.1 4.7 5.3 5.3
Albania 10.3 2.9 2.4 2.4 2.9 3.4 2.2 3.6 3.4
Croatia 10.4 2.0 3.3 3.2 2.9 6.1 2.4 1.0 2.3
Hungary 14.0 6.8 3.6 3.9 7.9 6.1 4.2 4.9 3.9
Lithuania n.a. 1.2 2.7 3.8 5.8 11.1 4.2 1.2 4.1
Poland 12.8 3.5 2.1 1.0 2.5 4.2 3.5 2.5 4.3
Romania 53.2 11.9 9.0 6.6 4.8 7.8 5.6 6.1 5.8
Turkey 67.3 8.6 8.2 9.6 8.8 10.4 6.3 8.6 6.5
Commonwealth of Independent States 62.9 10.4 12.1 9.4 9.7 15.6 11.2 7.2 10.1
Russia 57.5 10.9 12.7 9.7 9.0 14.1 11.7 6.9 8.4
Mongolia 24.2 7.9 12.5 4.5 8.2 26.8 6.3 10.2 7.7
Ukraine 70.2 9.0 13.5 9.1 12.8 25.2 15.9 9.4 8.0
Tajikistan
105.9 7.2 7.3 10.0 13.2 20.4 6.5 6.5 12.4
Kazakhstan 59.9 6.9 7.5 8.6 10.8 17.1 7.3 7.1 8.3
Middle East and North Africa 8.0 6.6 6.5 7.7 10.2 13.5 6.6 6.9 9.7
Algeria 9.4 3.6 1.6 2.3 3.6 4.9 5.7 3.9 4.5
Bahrain 0.9 2.2 2.6 2.0 3.3 3.5 2.8 2.0 -0.4
Egypt 5.1 8.1 8.8 4.2 11.0 11.7 16.2 11.7 11.1
Iran 21.4 15.3 10.4 11.9 18.4 25.4 10.8 12.4 21.5
Jordan 2.5 3.4 3.5 6.3 4.7 13.9 -0.7 5.0 4.4
Kuwait 1.7 1.3 4.1 3.1 5.5 10.6 4.0 4.0 4.7
Lebanon 4.1 1.7 -0.7 5.6 4.1 10.8 1.2 4.5 5.0
Saudi Arabia 0.4 0.4 0.6 2.3 4.1 9.9 5.1 5.4 5.0
Latin America and the Caribbean 25.6 6.6 6.3 5.3 5.4 7.9 6.0 6.0 6.6
Argentina 4.2 4.4 9.6 10.9 8.8 8.6 6.3 10.5 9.8
Brazil 52.7 6.6 6.9 4.2 3.6 5.7 4.9 5.0 6.6
Chile 5.4 1.1 3.1 3.4 4.4 8.7 1.5 1.4 3.3
Colombia 14.2 5.9 5.0 4.3 5.5 7.0 4.2 2.3 3.4
Jamaica 13.4 13.5 15.1 8.5 9.3 22.0 9.6 12.6 7.5
Mexico 15.0 4.7 4.0 3.6 4.0 5.1 5.3 4.2 3.4
Panama 1.0 0.5 2.9 2.5 4.2 8.8 2.4 3.5 5.9
Paraguay 10.9 4.3 6.8 9.6 8.1 10.2 2.6 4.7 6.6
Peru 7.2 3.7 1.6 2.0 1.8 5.8 2.9 1.5 3.4
Uruguay 18.6 9.2 4.7 6.4 8.1 7.9 7.1 6.7 8.1
(a) Percentage change of annual average Consumer Price Index. Sources : World Economic Outlook, October 2012, IMF
(b) Colombo Consumer Price Index (2002 = 100) was used from 2004 to 2008. Central Bank of Sri Lanka
Colombo Consumer Price Index (2006/07 = 100) was used from 2009 onwards.
n.a. Not available.
174
Exports US $ Billion
Region / Country 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Advanced Economies 6,413.4 7,017.1 7,911.3 9,004.1 9,993.5 7,821.8 9,232.5 10,696.1
Australia 86.4 105.8 123.3 141.1 187.0 153.9 212.4 271.7
Canada 304.5 359.4 389.5 416.7 452.2 314.0 386.0 451.7
Denmark 75.6 83.6 91.7 102.0 116.1 92.9 96.8 112.7
France 422.2 443.6 490.7 550.5 609.0 475.8 515.4 581.6
Germany 909.2 977.9 1,122.1 1,323.8 1,451.4 1,120.7 1,261.6 1,475.5
Greece 15.5 17.4 20.8 23.5 26.3 20.5 21.7 30.6
China P.R. : Hong Kong 259.3 289.3 316.8 344.5 362.7 318.5 390.1 428.7
Israel 38.6 42.8 46.8 54.1 60.8 47.9 58.4 67.6
Italy 353.4 372.9 417.2 500.2 545.0 406.7 446.9 523.2
Japan 565.7 594.9 646.7 714.2 782.0 580.7 769.8 822.6
Korea 253.8 284.4 325.5 371.5 422.0 361.6 466.4 556.6
New Zealand 20.6 21.9 22.9 28.1 30.9 24.9 32.3 37.5
Singapore 198.6 229.6 271.8 299.3 338.2 269.8 351.9 409.5
Sweden 123.3 130.9 147.9 169.0 183.9 131.0 158.1 187.2
United Kingdom 341.6 371.5 427.6 435.0 469.4 356.3 410.3 480.1
United States 818.5 907.2 1,038.3 1,163.0 1,301.1 1,056.7 1,277.6 1,480.4
Emerging and Developing
Economies 2,714.4 3,431.4 4,225.0 4,904.1 6,058.1 4,614.7 5,906.0 7,383.0
Africa 194.8 258.4 304.0 359.0 477.0 324.8 419.6 535.4
Botswana 3.5 4.4 4.5 5.2 5.0 3.5 4.7 5.8
Central African Republic 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2
Congo 3.4 4.7 6.1 5.6 8.3 6.1 9.3 10.8
Ethiopia 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.6 2.3 2.6
Kenya 2.7 3.4 3.5 4.1 5.0 4.5 5.2 5.8
Nigeria 31.1 50.5 58.7 66.6 86.3 56.7 84.0 119.0
South Africa 46.1 51.6 58.2 69.8 84.6 62.6 81.8 96.9
Tanzania 1.5 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.7 2.4 3.5 4.4
Uganda 0.8 1.0 1.2 2.0 2.7 3.0 3.1 2.4
Zimbabwe 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.5 3.5
Developing Asia 1,070.9 1,322.4 1,629.3 1,978.2 2,319.8 1,952.6 2,554.5 3,084.7
Bangladesh 6.6 7.2 9.1 10.2 11.8 12.4 14.2 19.8
Bhutan 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
China 593.3 762.0 969.4 1,217.8 1,428.7 1,201.8 1,578.3 1,899.2
Fiji 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.9
India 76.6 99.6 121.8 150.0 194.5 164.9 226.4 294.4
Indonesia 70.8 87.0 103.5 118.0 139.6 119.6 158.1 200.6
Malaysia 125.7 141.0 160.7 176.2 199.5 157.4 198.6 227.0
Maldives 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.4
Mongolia 0.9 1.1 1.5 1.9 2.5 1.9 2.9 4.8
Myanmar 2.4 3.8 4.5 6.3 6.9 6.7 8.7 9.2
Nepal 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9
Pakistan 13.4 16.1 16.9 17.8 20.3 17.5 21.4 25.8
Papua New Guinea 2.6 3.3 4.2 4.7 5.7 4.4 5.2 7.1
Philippines 39.7 41.3 47.4 50.5 49.5 38.4 51.5 48.1
Sri Lanka 5.8 6.3 6.9 7.6 8.1 7.1 8.6 10.6
Thailand 96.2 110.2 130.8 153.9 175.9 151.9 195.4 226.4
Vietnam 26.5 32.4 39.8 48.6 62.7 57.1 72.2 96.9
Europe 565.8 699.4 860.6 1,054.3 1,355.9 959.0 1,181.6 1,508.7
Poland 73.8 89.3 109.6 136.4 169.5 136.6 159.8 188.7
Romania 23.5 27.7 32.3 40.0 49.5 40.6 49.4 62.7
Russia 183.2 243.8 303.9 354.4 471.8 303.4 400.4 522.0
Turkey 63.2 73.5 85.5 107.3 132.0 102.1 113.9 135.0
Ukraine 32.7 34.2 38.4 49.3 67.0 39.8 51.4 68.4
Middle East 433.0 604.5 778.0 778.3 1,051.7 719.9 910.5 1,211.0
Bahrain 7.6 10.2 12.2 13.6 17.3 11.9 15.0 18.5
Egypt 7.7 10.7 13.7 16.2 26.2 23.1 26.4 30.5
Jordan 3.9 4.3 5.2 5.7 7.8 6.5 7.0 8.0
Kuwait 28.6 44.9 56.0 62.9 87.6 52.0 66.0 98.1
Saudi Arabia 126.0 180.7 211.3 233.3 313.5 192.3 251.1 364.5
United Arab Emirates 91.0 117.3 145.6 178.6 239.2 185.0 220.0 285.0
Western Hemisphere 460.6 558.8 667.9 756.6 886.2 676.2 858.3 1,069.2
Argentina 34.6 40.4 46.6 55.8 70.6 56.1 64.7 84.3
Brazil 96.7 118.5 137.8 160.6 197.9 153.0 201.9 256.0
Chile 32.5 41.3 58.7 67.7 66.5 52.0 69.0 80.0
Guyana 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9 1.1
Jamaica 1.4 1.5 1.9 2.1 2.5 1.3 1.3 1.6
Mexico 189.1 213.9 250.4 272.1 291.8 229.7 298.1 349.6
Panama 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.9 0.8 n.a.
Paraguay 1.6 1.7 1.9 2.8 4.5 3.2 4.5 5.5
Peru 12.8 17.4 23.8 27.9 31.5 26.9 35.6 46.1
Uruguay 2.9 3.4 4.0 4.5 6.4 5.4 6.7 8.0
World 9,111.8 10,424.5 12,104.4 13,870.6 16,001.3 12,398.9 15,087.8 18,012.7
n.a. Not available. Sources : International Financial Statistics, Yearbook 2012, IMF
175
Imports US $ Billion
Region / Country 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Advanced Economies 6,872.5 7,672.5 8,686.3 9,759.0 10,917.2 8,278.2 9,794.0 11,420.4
Australia 109.4 125.3 139.3 165.3 200.3 165.5 201.6 243.7
Canada 279.9 331.6 357.6 389.3 417.4 329.9 390.5 452.2
Denmark 66.9 74.3 85.1 97.3 109.2 81.9 84.7 97.8
France 447.5 490.6 546.5 631.4 715.8 560.0 606.2 702.1
Germany 715.7 780.4 922.3 1,056.0 1,186.7 926.2 1,056.2 1,255.4
Greece 52.8 54.9 63.6 76.0 87.9 69.4 63.8 57.4
Hong Kong 271.1 299.5 334.7 367.6 388.5 347.3 433.1 483.6
Japan 454.5 514.9 579.6 619.7 762.6 550.5 692.4 854.1
Korea 224.5 261.2 309.4 356.8 435.3 322.8 425.2 524.4
Israel 42.9 47.1 50.3 59.0 67.7 49.3 61.2 75.8
Italy 355.2 384.8 442.6 511.9 563.4 414.7 487.0 557.4
New Zealand 23.5 26.9 26.7 31.5 34.0 25.3 31.8 37.3
Singapore 163.9 200.0 238.7 263.2 319.8 245.8 310.8 365.8
Sweden 100.8 111.6 127.7 153.5 169.0 120.3 148.5 174.7
United Kingdom 451.8 482.9 546.4 620.8 643.0 484.8 561.6 637.1
United States 1,525.4 1,735.1 1,918.1 2,020.4 2,169.5 1,605.3 1,968.8 2,265.2
Emerging and Developing Economies
2,507.6 3,012.3 3,589.0 4,397.2 5,455.8 4,306.4 5,491.3 6,741.0
Africa 179.6 215.5 256.3 312.7 398.2 325.1 381.3 462.1
Botswana 3.2 3.2 3.1 4.1 5.2 4.7 5.7 7.2
Central African Republic 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4
Congo 1.0 1.3 2.1 2.5 3.1 2.9 4.0 5.1
Ethiopia 2.9 4.1 5.2 5.8 8.3 7.7 8.6 8.9
Kenya 4.6 6.1 7.3 9.0 11.1 10.2 12.1 14.8
Nigeria 14.2 21.3 26.8 34.8 50.0 33.9 44.2 55.0
South Africa 53.8 62.2 78.0 88.6 101.6 74.1 94.2 121.6
Tanzania 2.7 3.3 4.2 5.3 7.1 6.3 7.7 10.8
Uganda 1.7 2.0 2.6 3.5 4.5 4.3 4.7 4.6
Zimbabwe 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.6 3.0 2.9 3.7 4.4
Developing Asia 1,052.9 1,269.7 1,496.8 1,785.3 2,179.8 1,831.9 2,500.3 3,125.2
Bangladesh 12.6 12.9 15.0 17.3 22.5 20.6 21.6 34.0
Bhutan 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
China, Peoples Republic 561.2 660.2 791.8 956.2 1,131.6 1,004.2 1,396.2 1,742.8
Fiji 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.8 2.3 1.4 1.8 2.3
India 99.8 142.8 178.5 228.7 320.8 257.2 350.1 459.1
Indonesia 55.0 75.7 80.6 93.1 127.5 93.8 135.3 176.9
Malaysia 105.3 114.6 131.2 147.0 156.9 123.8 164.6 187.7
Maldives 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.0 1.1 1.5
Mongolia 1.0 1.2 1.5 2.1 3.6 2.1 3.3 6.5
Myanmar 2.2 1.9 2.5 3.2 4.3 4.3 4.8 9.0
Nepal 1.9 2.3 2.5 3.1 3.6 4.4 5.1 5.8
Pakistan 17.9 25.4 29.8 32.6 42.3 31.6 37.8 44.0
Papua New Guinea 1.7 1.7 2.3 3.0 3.6 3.2 4.0 4.9
Philippines 42.3 47.0 54.1 57.7 60.5 45.9 58.5 63.7
Sri Lanka 8.0 8.9 10.3 11.3 14.1 10.2 13.5 20.3
Thailand 94.4 118.2 128.7 141.3 179.2 134.7 185.1 228.8
Vietnam 32.0 36.8 45.0 62.7 80.7 69.9 83.8 104.0
Europe 582.1 695.1 871.0 1,128.5 1,407.0 960.8 1,166.6 1,470.5
Hungary 59.6 65.8 77.2 94.4 106.4 78.0 87.6 101.0
Poland 87.9 100.9 124.6 159.5 206.1 149.6 178.1 208.3
Romania 32.7 40.5 51.1 69.6 83.0 54.3 61.9 76.3
Russia 107.1 138.0 181.2 245.8 321.2 211.0 273.6 354.5
Turkey 97.5 116.8 139.6 170.1 202.0 140.9 185.5 240.8
Ukraine 29.0 36.1 45.0 60.6 85.5 45.5 60.7 82.6
Middle East 254.3 314.0 352.1 444.2 589.1 514.5 574.3 652.4
Bahrain 7.4 9.4 10.5 11.5 10.8 7.5 9.8 11.0
Egypt 12.8 19.8 20.7 27.1 48.8 44.9 52.9 58.9
Jordan 8.1 10.5 11.4 13.5 16.8 14.5 15.1 18.5
Kuwait 12.6 15.8 17.3 21.4 24.8 20.3 22.0 25.3
Oman 8.9 8.8 10.9 16.0 22.9 17.9 19.8 23.6
Saudi Arabia 44.7 59.5 69.8 90.2 115.1 95.5 106.9 111.7
United Arab Emirates 72.1 84.7 100.1 132.5 177.0 150.0 160.0 205.0
Western Hemisphere 450.5 531.5 633.4 757.3 920.3 689.1 881.5 1,049.5
Argentina 22.4 28.7 34.2 44.7 57.4 39.1 48.0 66.7
Brazil 66.4 77.6 95.8 126.6 182.4 133.7 191.5 214.1
Chile 24.8 32.7 38.4 47.2 61.9 41.4 57.9 73.5
Colombia 16.7 21.2 26.0 33.2 39.3 32.9 40.7 54.7
Guyana 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.8
Jamaica 3.8 4.5 5.3 6.4 7.7 4.9 5.2 6.5
Mexico 206.6 231.8 268.2 296.6 325.2 246.1 316.6 368.4
Paraguay 3.1 3.8 6.1 5.9 9.0 6.9 10.0 12.3
Peru 11.8 14.5 17.9 23.5 29.9 20.9 30.1 37.6
Uruguay 3.1 3.9 4.8 5.7 8.9 6.2 8.6 10.6
World 9,365.3 10,663.8 12,247.9 14,117.9 16,319.2 12,540.5 15,225.0 18,084.0
Sources : International Financial Statistics, Yearbook 2012, IMF
176
Human Development Index (HDI) and Sub Indices of HDI 2012
Human HDI Life Gross National Mean Expected GNI per capita Non-Income
Develop- Rank Expectancy Income (GNI) Years of Years of rank minus HDI Value
Country ment at Birth per Capita Schooling Schooling HDI rank 2012
Index 2012 (Constant 2010 2011 2012
(HDI) 2005 PPP $)
2012
Very High Human
Development 0.905 80.1 33,391 11.5 16.3 0.927
Australia 0.938 2 82.0 34,340 12.0 19.6 15 0.978
Canada 0.911 11 81.1 35,369 12.3 15.1 5 0.934
Finland 0.892 21 80.1 32,510 10.3 16.9 2 0.912
France 0.893 20 81.7 30,277 10.6 16.1 4 0.919
Germany 0.920 5 80.6 35,431 12.2 16.4 10 0.948
Hong Kong 0.906 13 83.0 45,598 10.0 15.5 -6 0.907
Iceland 0.906 13 81.9 29,176 10.4 18.3 12 0.943
Japan 0.912 10 83.6 32,545 11.6 15.3 11 0.942
Lithuania 0.818 41 72.5 16,858 10.9 15.7 7 0.850
Netherlands 0.921 4 80.8 37,282 11.6 16.9 8 0.945
New Zealand 0.919 6 80.8 24,358 12.5 19.7 26 0.978
Norway 0.955 1 81.3 48,688 12.6 17.5 4 0.977
Rep. of Korea 0.909 12 80.7 28,231 11.6 17.2 15 0.949
Singapore 0.895 18 81.2 52,613 10.1 14.4 -15 0.880
Spain 0.885 23 81.6 25,947 10.4 16.4 8 0.919
Sweden 0.916 7 81.6 36,143 11.7 16.0 6 0.940
United Arab Emirates 0.818 41 76.7 42,716 8.9 12.0 -31 0.783
United Kingdom 0.875 26 80.3 32,538 9.4 16.4 -5 0.886
United States 0.937 3 78.7 43,480 13.3 16.8 6 0.958

High Human
Development 0.758 73.4 11,501 8.8 13.9 0.781
Algeria 0.713 93 73.4 7,418 7.6 13.6 4 0.755
Malaysia 0.769 64 74.5 13,676 9.5 12.6 -7 0.791
Mexico 0.775 61 77.1 12,947 8.5 13.7 4 0.805
Peru 0.741 77 74.2 9,306 8.7 13.2 6 0.780
Romania 0.786 56 74.2 11,011 10.4 14.5 16 0.836
Saudi Arabia 0.782 57 74.1 22,616 7.8 14.3 -21 0.774
Sri Lanka
0.715 92 75.1 5,170 9.3 12.7 18 0.792
Turkey 0.722 90 74.2 13,710 6.5 12.9 -32 0.720

Medium Human
Development 0.640 69.9 5,428 6.3 11.4 0.661
Botswana 0.634 119 53.0 13,102 8.9 11.8 -55 0.596
Cambodia 0.543 138 63.6 2,095 5.8 10.5 9 0.597
China 0.699 101 73.7 7,945 7.5 11.7 -11 0.728
Egypt 0.662 112 73.5 5,401 6.4 12.1 -6 0.702
Fiji 0.702 96 69.4 4,087 10.7 13.9 24 0.794
India 0.554 136 65.8 3,285 4.4 10.7 -3 0.575
Indonesia 0.629 121 69.8 4,154 5.8 12.9 -3 0.672
Maldives 0.688 104 77.1 7,478 5.8 12.5 -9 0.715
Philippines 0.654 114 69.0 3,752 8.9 11.7 11 0.724
Syrian Arab Republic 0.648 116 76.0 4,674 5.7 11.7 -2 0.692
Thailand 0.690 103 74.3 7,722 6.6 12.3 -10 0.715
Vietnam 0.617 127 75.4 2,970 5.5 11.9 9 0.686
Low Human Development 0.466 59.1 1,633 4.2 8.5 0.487
Angola 0.508 148 51.5 4,812 4.7 10.2 -35 0.479
Bangladesh 0.515 146 69.2 1,785 4.8 8.1 9 0.567
Ethiopia 0.396 173 59.7 1,017 2.2 8.7 -2 0.425
Myanmar 0.498 149 65.7 1,817 3.9 9.4 5 0.537
Nepal 0.463 157 69.1 1,137 3.2 8.9 11 0.526
Nigeria 0.471 153 52.3 2,102 5.2 9.0 -6 0.482
Pakistan 0.515 146 65.7 2,566 4.9 7.3 -9 0.534
Papua New Guinea 0.466 156 63.1 2,386 3.9 5.8 -15 0.464
Uganda 0.456 161 54.5 1,168 4.7 11.1 5 0.511
World 0.694 70.1 10,184 7.5 11.6 0.690
Source : Human Development Report 2013, UNDP
177
Human Development Index 1980 - 2012
HDI Rank
1980 1990 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012
2012
Very High Human Development
0.773 0.817 0.867 0.889 0.902 0.904 0.905
Australia 0.857 0.880 0.914 0.927 0.935 0.936 0.938 2
Canada 0.825 0.865 0.887 0.906 0.909 0.910 0.911 11
Finland 0.766 0.801 0.845 0.882 0.890 0.892 0.892 21
France 0.728 0.784 0.853 0.877 0.891 0.893 0.893 20
Germany 0.738 0.803 0.870 0.901 0.916 0.919 0.920 5
Hong Kong 0.712 0.788 0.815 0.857 0.900 0.904 0.906 13
Iceland 0.769 0.815 0.871 0.901 0.901 0.905 0.906 13
Italy 0.723 0.771 0.833 0.869 0.881 0.881 0.881 25
Japan 0.788 0.837 0.878 0.896 0.909 0.910 0.912 10
Korea, Republic of 0.640 0.749 0.839 0.875 0.905 0.907 0.909 12
Lithuania 0.732 0.756 0.802 0.810 0.814 0.818 41
Netherlands 0.799 0.842 0.891 0.899 0.919 0.921 0.921 4
New Zealand 0.807 0.835 0.887 0.908 0.917 0.918 0.919 6
Norway 0.804 0.852 0.922 0.948 0.952 0.953 0.955 1
Singapore 0.756 0.826 0.852 0.892 0.894 0.895 18
Spain 0.698 0.756 0.847 0.865 0.884 0.885 0.885 23
Sweden 0.792 0.823 0.903 0.905 0.913 0.915 0.916 7
Switzerland 0.818 0.840 0.882 0.898 0.912 0.912 0.913 9
United Arab Emirates 0.831 0.816 0.817 0.818 41
United Kingdom 0.748 0.784 0.841 0.865 0.874 0.875 0.875 26
United States 0.843 0.878 0.907 0.923 0.934 0.936 0.937 3
High Human Development 0.605 0.656 0.695 0.725 0.753 0.755 0.758
Algeria 0.461 0.562 0.625 0.680 0.710 0.711 0.713 93
Malaysia 0.563 0.635 0.712 0.742 0.763 0.766 0.769 64
Mexico 0.598 0.654 0.723 0.745 0.770 0.773 0.775 61
Peru 0.580 0.619 0.679 0.699 0.733 0.738 0.741 77
Romania 0.706 0.709 0.756 0.783 0.784 0.786 56
Russian Fedaration 0.730 0.713 0.753 0.782 0.784 0.788 55
Saudi Arabia 0.575 0.653 0.717 0.748 0.777 0.780 0.782 57
Sri Lanka 0.557 0.608 0.653 0.683 0.705 0.711 0.715 92
Turkey 0.474 0.569 0.645 0.684 0.715 0.720 0.722 90
Venezuela
(Bolibarian Republic of) 0.629 0.635 0.662 0.694 0.744 0.746 0.748 71
Medium Human Development 0.419 0.481 0.549 0.589 0.631 0.636 0.640
Botswana 0.449 0.586 0.587 0.604 0.633 0.634 0.634 119
Cambodia 0.444 0.501 0.532 0.538 0.543 138
China 0.407 0.495 0.590 0.637 0.689 0.695 0.699 101
Egypt 0.407 0.502 0.593 0.625 0.661 0.661 0.662 112
Fiji 0.572 0.614 0.670 0.693 0.699 0.700 0.702 96
India 0.345 0.410 0.463 0.507 0.547 0.551 0.554 136
Indonesia 0.422 0.479 0.540 0.575 0.620 0.624 0.629 121
Maldives 0.592 0.639 0.683 0.687 0.688 104
Philippines 0.561 0.581 0.610 0.630 0.649 0.651 0.654 114
South Africa 0.570 0.621 0.622 0.604 0.621 0.625 0.629 121
Thailand 0.490 0.569 0.625 0.662 0.686 0.686 0.690 103
Vietnam 0.439 0.534 0.573 0.611 0.614 0.617 127
Low Human Development 0.315 0.350 0.385 0.424 0.461 0.464 0.466
Angola 0.375 0.406 0.502 0.504 0.508 148
Bangladesh 0.312 0.361 0.433 0.472 0.508 0.511 0.515 146
Ethiopia 0.275 0.316 0.387 0.392 0.396 173
Myanmar 0.281 0.305 0.382 0.435 0.490 0.494 0.498 149
Nepal 0.234 0.341 0.401 0.429 0.458 0.460 0.463 157
Nigeria 0.434 0.462 0.467 0.471 153
Papua New Guinea 0.324 0.368 0.415 0.429 0.458 0.462 0.466 156
Uganda 0.306 0.375 0.408 0.450 0.454 0.456 161
Source : Human Development Report 2013, UNDP
178

Econ & Ss 2013 e PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Econ & Ss 2013 e PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL STATISTICS

OF SRI LANKA 2013

CENTRAL BANK OF SRI LANKA

Central Bank of Sri Lanka

Price : Rs. 300/-

1. Key Socio-Economic Indicators

8.10 Exchange Rates Year End 82

9. Money and Capital Markets

10. Government Finance

11. Banking and Financial Institutions

13.2 Average Monthly Household Expenditure on Selected Food/Non-Food Items by

15. World Tables

(a) Provisional. (d) All the districts are included.

Principal Agricultural Production

Price Indices Twelve Month Average

Balance of Payments (Billion of Rupees)

(a) Revised Sources : Sri Lanka Customs

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011(a) 2012(b)

GDP Domestic Expenditure and Savings

6,000 GDP 65.0 Savings - Investment Gap

Balance of Payments Fiscal Operations

Money Supply Selected Interest Rates

Port Services (Colombo)

n.a. - Not available Source : Department of Meteorology

Annual Rainfall, Millimetres

Annual Rainy Days

n.a. Not available Source : Department of Meteorology

Annual Rainfall, Millimetres

Annual Rainy Days

Source : Department of Meteorology

D Day Source : Department of Meteorology

1981 Census 2001 Census (a) 2012 Census (b)

Total By Religion (%) By Ethnicity (%)

Negligible Source : Department of Census and Statistics

Population by Religion , % Population by Ethnicity , %

(a) Provisional Source : Department of Census and Statistics

M Male Source : Registrar Generals Department

Western 3,684 91 195 3,593 5,381 5,822 1,498 1,620

2005 2006 2007 2008(a) 2009(a) 2010(a) 2011(a)

(a) Provisional Source : Registrar Generals Department

Household Population 000

n.a. Not available

By Sex, % of Labour Force

... - Negligible Source : Department of Census and Statistics

Average No. of Migrant travellers for

Migrant Employment by skills (%)

Foreign employment as a % of total number

Migrant remittances (Rs. Mn.)

(a) Provisional Sources : Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign Employment

(a) Provisional Source : Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign Employment

Departures for Professional, Middle and Clerical Level Jobs

Departures for Skilled Level Jobs

Departures for Semi Skilled Level Jobs

Departures for Unskilled Level Jobs

Departures for Housemaid Jobs (Female only)

Departures for all Occupations

(a) Provisional Source : Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign Employment

Item 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011(a) 2012(b)

Gross National Product (GNP), Rs. Mn.

Growth of GDP 6.8 6.0 3.5 8.0 8.2 6.4

Gross Domestic Expenditure 3,950,032 5,014,331 5,149,219 6,069,688 7,496,274 8,618,626

Domestic Savings 628,976 611,599 867,523 1,079,916 1,007,914 1,286,482

(a) Revised Sources : Department of Census and Statistics