New Technologies, New Copyright Laws

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Publisher: Routledge
Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954
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Behavioral & Social Sciences


Librarian
Publication details, including instructions for
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New Technologies, New


Copyright Laws, New
Challenges
a
Byron Anderson
a
University Libraries , Northern Illinois University ,
DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA
Published online: 11 Oct 2008.

To cite this article: Byron Anderson (2002) New Technologies, New Copyright Laws,
New Challenges, Behavioral & Social Sciences Librarian, 20:2, 89-92, DOI: 10.1300/
J103v20n02_10

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J103v20n02_10

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