Sinad Lawton MSc Applied eLearning

Introduction
This paper will consider how the concepts and strategies of relevant learning theories can be applied
to the design and delivery of a blended learning course on Childminding. Students are predominantly
adults returning to further education after a significant gap, many who have been working as
childminders for some time. The course needs to acknowledge their experience and be relevant to
their real world context.

Andragogy
Evaluate the perceived characteristics of adult learners and principles of andragogy (Knowles,
1984) and their relevance in this situation.
Discuss relevance of theory of Learning Styles (Honey & Mumford)

Behaviourism
Outline aspects of behaviourism that can create a supportive environment for students (Blooms
taxonomy of learning; Gagnes Nine Key Instructional Events; Observational learning - Bandura)
Consider course content suitable for a Behaviourist approach (legislation, paediatric first aid)
No creative or mental processes, no use of real world experience or application of knowledge.

Cognitivism
Discuss how aspects of cognitivism concerned with how learners gain, organise and process
knowledge apply to these adults learners and support development of their critical thinking skills.
(Kellers ARCS motivation model; Marton & Saljo; Ausubel advance organiser; Swellers
Cognitive Load Theory; Schemas Bartlett)
No social element, no reflection, no account of emotions

Constructivism
Students prior experience, supporting them to construct their own understanding(Piaget,
Bruner)
Student centred, independent learning (Vgotskys ZPD, scaffolding, role of teacher as facilitator)
Focus on active and experiential learning and application of knowledge to real world context
Importance of reflection (Kolb, Schon, Mezirow Transformative learning theory).
Need for collaboration and supportive social learning community
Consider attitudes and values
Application in Practice
Concrete examples of how above theories can be applied to some specific course content, F2F and
online

Conclusion
While some aspects of Behaviourist and Cognitivist theory will be used in the design and delivery of
this course, approaches based on Constructivist theory are more appropriate for adult learners -
Importance of treating learners like adults, focusing on their experience (recognising there will be
different levels) and giving real world contexts for new knowledge.

Bibliography
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Jordan, A., Carlile, O. & Stack, A. (2008) Approaches to Learning. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
Laurillard, D. (2001) Rethinking University Teaching: A Conversational Framework for the Effective
Use of Learning Technologies. London: Routledge.
Milheim, K. (2011). The Role of Adult Education Philosophy in Facilitating the Online
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