Key and Explanation For Cambridge IELTS 12 Reading Tests (ZIM Academy)

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Passage 1
1. NOT GIVEN
Gii thch: on 2: Its bark grows up to 20 cm in thickness
Cu ny c ni v dy ca v cy, nhng khng h ni ti vic liu n c phi l cy

c v dy nht trong s cc loi cy cn hin din hay khng khng thng tin
2. FALSE
Gii thch: on 2: the bark of the cork has a cellular structure with about 40 million
cells per cubic centimeter that technology has never succeeded in replicating
Cng ngh cha bao gi thnh cng trong vic sao chp, iu ny hon ton mu thun
trong l cc nh khoa hc pht trin c.
3. FALSE
Gii thch: on 4: From the planting of a cork sapling to the first harvest takes 25 years,
and a gap of approximately a decade must separate harvests from an individual tree.
Cu ghi rng phi mt 25 nm gia ma thu hoch th 1 v th 2, cn trong bi c

li ni rng phi mt khong 1 thp k (= 10 nm) gia cc ma v mu thun v thi
gian.
4. TRUE
Gii thch: on 4: You even have to wait for the right kind of summers day to harvest
cork. If the bark is stripped on a day when its too cold or when the air is damp the
tree will be damaged.
http://zim.vn/tu-sach-ielts-band-8/ | T sch BAND 8+ 2

on ny i l phi ch vo mt ngy ma h ph hp thu hoch, nu v cy b
thu hoch vo mt ngy qu lnh hoc khng kh m t th cy s b tn hi ng
nht vi cu bi.
5. TRUE
Gii thch: on 5: No mechanical means of stripping cork bark has been invented, so
the job is done by teams of highly skilled workers.
Cha c thit b my mc lc v cy no c pht minh ra, nn phi c i ng lao

cng lnh ngh lm vic ny. Cha c my mc th phi lm bng tay, v 2 cu sau
cu ny cn c ni chi tit v cng on lc v cy nh th no.
6. taste
Gii thch: on 6: Recent years have seen the end of the virtual monopoly of cork as
the material for bottle stoppers, due to concerns about the effect it may have on the
contents of the bottleThe tiniest concentrations - as little as three or four parts to a
trillion - can spoil the taste of the product contained in the bottle. The result has been a
gradual yet steady move first towards plastic stoppers and, more recently, to aluminium
screw caps.
The product contained in the bottle = The bottle contents
Spoil = affect
7. cheaper - 8. convenient
Gii thch: on 6, cu cui cng: These substitutes are cheaper to manufacture and, in
the case of screw caps, more convenient for the user.
Manufacture = produce
For the user = to use

9. image
Gii thch: on 7 : The classic cork stopper does have several advantages, however.
Firstly, its (the cork bottle stopper) traditional image is more in keeping with that of the
type of high quality goods with which it has long been associated
Products = goods; In keeping with = suit
10. Sustainable 11. Recycled
Gii thch: on 7: Secondly - and very importantly - cork is a sustainable product that
can be recycled without difficulty
Product = material
Easily = without difficulty
12. Biodiversity 13. Desertification
Gii thch: on 7
Moreover, cork forests are a resource which support local biodiversity, and prevent
desertification in the regions where they are planted. So, given the current concerns
about environmental issues, the future of this ancient material once again looks
promising.
aid = support; stop = prevent

Passage 2
14. antiques
Gii thch: on 2 : To make money = they can buy cheaply and expect to be able to sell
at a profit
Vy ta chn antiques
15. triumph
Gii thch: on 2: Get a feeling of = give collectors the sense of .
16. information
Gii thch: on 3 Collectors clubs = meeting of groups of collectors
Share = exchange
17. contact
Gii thch: on 3
people who have similar interests = like-minded people
18. desire / hunt
Gii thch: on 3 hoc u on 4 Special item = something special chn desire
life-long = people who spend their whole lives chn hunt
19. aimless
Gii thch: on 4 :Searching for something particular = this ( t this m ch vic tm

kim ni cu trc) Cn chn 1 tnh t trong cu ny aimless
20. educational
Gii thch: on 5
it provides facts about different countries = Stamp collecting opens a window to other
countries.
Vy thng tin cn thiu l cu trc. y cn in mt tnh t educational
21. trainspotting
Gii thch: on 7: In the past - and nowadays, too, though to a lesser extent - a
popular form of collecting, particularly among boys and men, was trainspotting
Male hobby = particularly among boys and men
22. NOT GIVEN
Gii thch: on 8: Similarly, people who collect dolls may go beyond simply enlarging
their collection, and develop an interest in the way that dolls are made, or the materials
that are used
Trong on ch cp v vic nhng ngi su tp m rng b siu tp ca h, khng

ni g n s lng ngi mua dolls tng hay gim NOT GIVEN
23. FALSE
Gii thch: on 8: These have changed over the centuries from the wood that was
standard in 16th century Europe, through the wax and porcelain of later centuries, to
the plastics of today's dolls.
Nh vy th k 16, dolls khng phi lm bng wax v porcelain m c lm bng

wood false

24. NOT GIVEN
Gii thch: on 9: Stamp collectors, for instance, arrange their stamps in albums,
usually very neatly, organising their collection according to certain commonplace
principles-perhaps by country in alphabetical order, or grouping stamps by what they
depict -people, birds, maps, and so on.
C nhiu cch arrange a stamp collection, v cch sp xp theo size khng c

cp ti y not given
25. TRUE
Gii thch: on 10: One reason, conscious or not, for what someone chooses to collect
is to show the collector's individualism
to think he or she is also unusual = to show the collector's individualism
( th hin mnh khng bnh thng, th hin ci ti c nhn)
26. TRUE
Gii thch: on cui
More than most other hobbies, collecting can be totally engrossing, and can give a
strong sense of personal fulfilment.
So vi cc hobbies khc trong bi c c s so snh loi b phng n not given
a feeling that other hobbies are unlikely to inspire = totally engrossing / a strong sense
of personal fulfilment true

Passage 3
27. vi a surprising course title
i ca on A ny xoay quanh mt kha hc c bit gi l Arson for Profit. Ci tn

ny surprising ch l cc hc vin c cp trong bi ny hn l cha bao gi
ngh n n (What would the founders of these two institution have thought of a
course called Arson for Profit?)
28. viii the possibility of attracting the wrong kind of student
i on vn ny ni v kh nng kha hc s thu ht ngi t nh thc th

(arsonist) Dng 4 on B: But wouldnt this also be the perfect course for prospective
arsonists to sign up for?
29. ii a course title with two meanings
on C ny phn tch tn kha hc Principles of Marketing Theo tc gi, tn kha hc

ny c th c hiu theo 2 ngha, ngha thng thng l nguyn l marketing, ngha
th 2 lin quan n is marketing principled (on C dng 5-6). Vi principled y
c ngha l ethical lin quan n o c.
30. iv applying a theory in an unexpected context
on D, tc gi p dng nh gi ca nh trit hc Immanuel Kant vo marketing

rng v mt nh ngha th marketing th c tnh o c (marketing is by definition
principled.)
31. iii the equal importance of two key issues

Two key issues on E ny l means v ends, v tc gi khng nh khng ci
no quan trng hn ci no (Dng 7 on E: My proposal, which I believe would also be
Kants, is that neither of these attitudes captures the significance of the end to the
means for marketing).
32. vii different names for different outcomes
on cui cng ny xoay quanh nhng ci tn; nhng cch ngh khc nhau s c nhng
khi nim khc nhau. Nu hiu theo ngha ny th l Arson, theo ngha khc th l
Firefighting. Tng t, nu hiu theo hng ny th l Marketing, hng kia li l
Fraud.
*33-36: y l phn tm tt ca 2 on A v B.
33. fire science
Gii thch: on A dng k cui + cui: Any undergraduates who have met the academic
requirements can sign up for the course in our program in fire science.
34. investigators
Gii thch: on B dng u tin (the course is intended for prospective arson
investigators)
35. evidence
Gii thch: on B dng 3 (establishing a chain of evidence for effective prosecution in a

court of law)
36. prosecution

Gii thch: cng vi cu 35.
37. NOT GIVEN
on A (v cng nh ton bi) khng nhc n liu c kh thu ht sinh vin hc

nhng kha hc khng lin quan n mt ngh no khng.
38. YES
Gii thch: on B dng 4: But wouldnt this also be the perfect course for prospective
arsonists to sign up for? arsonists y chnh l people intending to set fire to
buildings.
39. NO
on B dng 5: my point is not to criticse academic programs in fire science: they are
highly welcome as part of the increasing professionalization of this and many other
occupations. Fire science khng qu academic; n cn c xem nh l mt phn
tng tinh chuyn mn ha ca ngnh ny (fire science) v c nhng ngnh khc.
40. NO
on F dng 3: When I ask fire science students to articulate the end, or purpose, of
their field, they eventually generalize it to something like Sinh vin ca tc gi ch
khi qut ha, ch khng cung cp thng tin chi tit v mn hc. Generalize v
provide detailed information l 2 thng tin tri ngc nhau.

Reading Cambridge 12 Test 6

Passage 1
1. A
Gii thch: on A: Two things distinguish food production from all other productive
activities: first, every single person needs food each day and has a right to it; and
second, it is hugely dependent on nature.
Distinguish food production from all other productive = Only apply to food production
2. B
Gii thch: on B: However, smallholder farmers in developing countries must in

addition deal with adverse environments, both natural, in terms of soil quality, rainfall,
etc. and human, in terms of infrastructure, financial systems, markets, knowledge and
technology.
In developing countries = In certain parts of the world
Challenges = both natural *+ and human *+
3. H
Gii thch: on H: One commentator, Giel Ton, warned that collective action does not
come as a free good. It takes time, effort and money to organize, build trust and to
experiment.
4. D (Rokeya Kabir)
Gii thch: on E: Regarding state subsidies for agriculture, Rokeya Kabir, Executive
Director of Bangladesh Nari Progati Sangha, commented in her essay that these have
not compensated for the stranglehold exercised by private traders.

In fact, studies show that sixty percent of beneficiaries of subsidies are not poor, but
rich landowners and non-farmer traders.
State subsidies = financial assistance from the government.
5. B (Sophia Murphy)
Gii thch: on H
According to Murphy, collective action offers an important way for farmers to

strengthen their political and economic bargaining power.
Collective actions = collaborate as a group
6. C (Shenggen Fan)
Gii thch: on E: Shenggen Fan, Director General of the International Food Policy
Research Institute, held up social safety nets and public welfare programmes in
Ethiopia, Brazil and Mexico as valuable ways to address poverty among farming families
and reduce their vulnerability to agriculture shocks.
7. G (Sonali Bisht)
Gii thch: on I: One commentator suggested farmers can gain greater control over
prices and minimise price volatility by selling directly to consumers
Similarly, Sonali Bisht, founder and advisor to the Institute of Himalayan Environmental
Research and Education (INHERE), India, wrote that community-supported agriculture,
where consumers invest in local farmers by subscription and guarantee producers a fair
price, is a risk-sharing model worth more attention.
8. B (Sophia Murphy)

Gii thch: on D, cu cui: Sophia Murphy, senior advisor to the Institute for
Agriculture and Trade Policy, suggested that the procurement and holding of stocks by
governments can also help mitigate wild swings in food prices by alleviating
uncertainties about market supply.
Mitigate = reduce; Wild swings = variation
9. A (Kanayo F. Nwanze)
Gii thch: u on D: In his essay, Kanayo F. Nwanze, President of the International

Fund for Agricultural Development, argued that governments can significantly reduce
risks for farmers by providing basic services like roads to get produce more efficiently to
markets, or water and food storage facilities to reduce losses.
Basic services = infrastructure; Significantly = major
*Which TWO problems are mentioned which affect farmers with small farms in
developing countries?
10. D
Gii thch: on G: Many essayists mentioned climate change and its consequences for
small-scale agriculture. Fan explained that in addition to reducing crop yields, climate
change increases the magnitude and the frequency of extreme weather events, which
increase smallholder vulnerability. The growing unpredictability of weather patterns
increases farmers difficulty in managing weather related risks.
11. E
Gii thch: on I, cu u tin: Some participants explained that market price volatility
is often worsened by the presence of intermediary purchasers who, taking advantage of
farmers vulnerability, dictate prices.

*Which TWO actions are recommended for improving conditions for farmers?
12. C
Gii thch: on H: *+ all stakeholders, including business, government, scientists and

civil society, must work together, starting at the beginning of the value chain.
Work together = co-operation
Stakeholders = interested parties
13. D
Gii thch: on I: *+ wrote that community-supported agriculture, where consumers

invest in local farmers by subscription and guarantee producers a fair price, is a risk-
sharing model worth more attention.

Passage 2
Gi : Bi ny c 3 dng cu hi khc nhau: Matching headings (cu 14-20), True/ False

/ Not given (cu 21-24), Sentence completion (cu 25-26).
Nn lm 3 dng ny song song, ng lm ht cu 14-20 ri mi qua cu 21-26. Trong bi

gii cc bn s thy, ni trong on B, chng ta c th tr li 3 cu hi 15, 22, v 25. Nu
bn khng lm dng cu hi ny cng lc, kh nng bn s phi c li bi 1 ln na,
lm mt thi gian.
14. iv - The aim of the trip
Gii thch: on A: his goal was to locate the remains of a city called Vitcos, the last
capital of the Inca civilization.
on A bn v mc ch v k hoch ca chuyn i chn iv
on A cng c nhc n Bingham. Nhng khng cp g n theory hay enthusiasm

loi p n vii v viii
15. vi - A new route
Gii thch: on B: they had an advantage over travellers who had preceded them : a
track had recently been blasted down the valley canyon to enable rubber to be brought
up by mules from the jungle.
C 1 mt con ng va mi c san bng hm ni.
Cu tip theo Almost all previous travellers had left the river at Ollantaytambo and
taken a high pass across the mountains to rejoin the river lower down
Nhng ngi trc th phi i con ng khc
on ny bn lun v mt con ng mi new route chn p n vi

16. viii - Binghams lack of enthusiasm
Gii thch: on D: The morning was dull and damp, and also seems to have been less
than keen on the prospect of climbing the hill.
17.v - A dramatic description
Gii thch: on D: he describes the ever-present possibility of deadly snakes .
C on ch bn v vic ng y t con rn nh th no
18. i - Different accounts of the same journey
Gii thch: on E: we should remember, however, that Lost City of the Incas is a work
of hindsight, not written until 1948, many years after his journey. His journal entries of
the time reveal a much more gradual appreciation of his achievement
Cun sch The Lost City of the Incas l sn phm ca s nhn thc mun, nhiu nm sau
cuc thm him ca anh y. Nhng m the journal entries li tic l s nh gi cao hn
so vi thnh qu ca anh ta. c 2 s din t khc sau v discovery ny. chn p n
i
19. vii - Bingham publishes his theory
Gii thch: on F: When he came to write the National Geographic magazine article
that broke the story to the world in April 1913, he knew he had to produce a big idea
20. iii a common belief
Gii thch: on G: An idea which has gained wide acceptance over the past few years
is that

21. TRUE
Gii thch: on A: His goal was to locate the remains of a city called Vitcos, the last
capital of the Inca civilization
22. FALSE
Gii thch: on B: a track had recently been blasted down the valley canyon con
ng ny va mi c san bng
Almost all previous travellers had left the river at Ollantaytambo and taken a high pass
across the mountains to rejoin the river lower down, trc ngi ta phi i
ng khc
23. FALSE
Gii thch: on E: At this stage, didnt realise the extent or the importance of the site,
nor did he realise what use he could make of the discovery.
24. Not given
Trong bi khng ni g v vic Bingham tr li Machu Picchu
25. rubber
Gii thch: on B: a track had recently been blasted down the valley
canyon to enable rubber to be brought up by mules from the jungle
Created = blasted down
26. farmer

Gii thch: on C: His companions showed no interest in accompanying him up the
nearby hill to see some ruins that a local farmer , Melchor Arteaga, had told them about
the night before.

Passage 3
27. eye movements
Gii thch: on B dng 9-10: Some of the most compelling evidence for this
phenomenon,called language co-activation, comes from studying eye movements.
Pha sau cu ny, tc gi miu t cuc th nghim vi ngi song ng Nga-Anh.
28. language co-activation
Gii thch: on B dng 8-9 c gii thiu v khi nim co-activation, trong th nghim
vi ngi song ng Nga Anh.
29. Stroop Task
Gii thch: on C dng 8 c ni v tn th nghim l Stroop Task
30. conflict management
Gii thch: on C dng 7 c nhc ti ngi song ng c th c k nng conflict

management tt hn, v pha sau minh chng bng th nghim Stroop Task.
31. cognitive control
Gii thch: on C dng 14 n ht c nhc n kh nng bilinguals c th chuyn gia 2

tasks khc nhau, v iu ny phn nh kh nng iu khin nhn thc tt hn
reflecting better cognitive control (dng k cui).
32. YES
Gii thch: on A, dng 4 c nhc n nhng thp nin gn y, s pht trin ca cng
ngh cho php ngi ta nghin cu su hn lm th no kh nng song ng
(bilingualism) c th tng tc v thay i h thng nhn thc thn kinh v dn din
c mt s li ch thy r.
33. NOT GIVEN
Gii thch: Cc th nghim trong bi c c nhc n v d on hnh, nhng khng c

thng tin v on ch.
34. NO
Gii thch: on C 3 dng u tin c cp n vit ngi song ng nh tn cc bc

hnh chm hn (name pictures more slowly)
35. NO
Gii thch: Statement ca 35 khng nh l ngi song ng nghe tt hn ngi n ng

trong TT C cc trng hp, nhng v d on D cho thy, nu trong iu kin khng
c ting n (background noise) th kh nng ca c 2 l nh nhau.
36. NOT GIVEN
Gii thch: on F c nhc n ngi song ng c tr nh ci thin hn, ch khng c

thng tin v vic liu h c t kh nng b bnh v no hn hay khng.
37. D
Gii thch: C on D ang m t 1 v d v phn ng ca ngi song ng v n ng

khi nghe.
38. G

Gii thch: Ton on G m t qu trnh 1 a tr nh sng trong mi trng song ng.
Chng c du hiu pht trin hn v mt xc nh hnh nh.
39.B
Gii thch: on B miu t v qu trnh m ngi ta nhn dng mt t: 1. sounds n

theo chui => no on c t g c th nghe.
40. C
Gii thch: Mt s hu qu ca song ng c cp on ny nh name pictures

more slowly, tip-of-the-tongue-states.


Passage 1
1. v
Gii thch: Dng 5 on A: This inhospitable environment is home to the giant Galapagos
tortoise
Mi trng ny l nh ca loi ra, bng vi cch din t ra c tr o ny.
=> Tortoises populate the islands
2. iii
Gii thch:: Dng 2-3 on B: From the 17th century onwards , pirates took a few on
board for food , but the arrival of whaling ships in the 1790s saw this exploitation grow
exponentially.
Bt u ni v s vic gy bt li cho loi ra, sau nhc n cc s vic gy bt li

khc pht trin t s vic ban u.
=> Developments to the disadvantage of tortoise populations
3. viii
Gii thch: Dng 2-3 on C: In 1989, work began on a tortoise-breeding centre just
outside the town of Puerto Villamil on Isabela,dedicated to protecting the islands
tortoise populations
Cng vic bo tn bt u t nm 1989 vi mt trung tm nhn ging ra cn.
=> The start of the conservation project
4. i
Gii thch: Dng 4-5 on D: But if people wait too long after that point, the
tortoises eventually become too large to transport.
on ang ni v vic di chuyn ra khi cn nh khng thch hp, cn nu khi ln th
ra qu to v nng khng ph hp di chuyn -> vn thi gian timing
=> The importance of getting the timing right
5. iv
Gii thch: Dng 3-5 on E: the environmentalist and Galapagos National Park liaison
officer Godfrey Merlin, a visiting private motor yacht captain and a helicopter pilot
gathered around a table in a small cafe in Puerto Ayora on the island of Santa Cruz to
work out more ambitious reintroduction
G.Merlin cng 2 ngi khc hp a ra k hoch a ra tr li cuc sng hoang d
=> Planning a bigger idea
6. vi
Gii thch: C on c nhc n cc c s vt cht chun b cho vic di chuyn ra
- Dng 9-11 on F: During a period of three days, a group of volunteers from the
breeding centre worked around the clock to prepare the young tortoises for transport
Cc TNV lm vic sut ngy m chuyn b cho vic di chuyn ra.
=> Carrying out a carefully prepared operation
7. ii
Gii thch: Dng 3-4 on G: Eventually, one tiny tortoise came across a fully grown
giant who had been lumbering around the island for around a hundred years
=> Young meet old
8. pirates
Gii thch: Dng 2-3 on B: From the 17th century onwards , pirates took a few on
board for food
Hi tc pirates l ngi s dng cc con tu v mang ra ln tu
=> pirates
9. food
Gii thch: Dng 2-3 on B: From the 17th century onwards , pirates took a few on
board for food
Ra c mang ln tu lm n
=> food
10. oil
Gii thch: Dng 6-7 on B: Sometimes, their bodies were processed into high-
grade oil .
C th ra dng ch bin du
=> oil
11. settlers
Gii thch: Dng 8-9 on B: This historical exploitation was then exacerbated
when settlers came to the islands. They hunted the tortoises
Ngi nh c n o sn loi ra ny
=> settlers
12. species

Gii thch: Dng 10-12 on B: They also introduced alien species- ranging from cattle,
pigs, goats, rats and dogs to plants and ants - that either prey on the eggs and young
tortoises or damage or destroy their habitat.
Con ngi mang ng vt khc n hn o -> lm nh hng n ra.
=> species
13. eggs
Gii thch: Dng 10-12 on B: They also introduced alien species- ranging from cattle,
pigs, goats, rats and dogs to plants and ants - that either prey on the eggs and young
tortoises or damage or destroy their habitat.
Cc con vt t bn ngoi n ra con hoc trng ra
=> eggs

Passage 2
14. D
Gii thch: Dng 2-3 on D: It is an increasingly important area of study in a world

where diseases like polio are re-emerging
Bnh nh polio ang xut hin li -> chp nhn rng khng phi tt c cc bnh dch
u c th b loi tr
15. C
Gii thch: Dng 5-6 on C: the air of the massive amounts of smog and pollution that
cause asthma, lung problems, eyesight issues and more in the people who live there.
Cc tnh trng c th m cc hot ng gy nhim v khoi bi m con ngi gy ra l

asthma, lung problems, eyesight issue
16. F
Gii thch: Dng 1-3 on F: Researchers..work to create a clear way of categorising

illnesses, diseases and epidemics into local and global scales.
Cc nh nghin cu phn loi (categorise ging classify) cc bnh dch theo lan rng
ca chng (c a phng hay quc t)
17. G
Gii thch: Dng 3-5 on G: In both developed and developing nations there is often a
very large discrepancy between the options available to people in different social
classes, incomebrackets, and levels of education
L do c s khc bit gia mi ngi trong mt nc trong vic tip cn vi h thng y

t l social classes, income brackets, and levels of education

18. D
Gii thch: Dng 4-6 on D: Health geography is the combination of, on the one hand,
knowledge regarding geography and methods used
to analyse and interpret geographical information, and on the other, the study of health,
diseases and healthcare practices around the world
Health geography l s trn ln (misxture ging combination) ca hai lnh vc nghin

cu
19. B
Gii thch: Dng cui on B: Malaria is much less of a problem in high-altitude deserts,
for instance.
Vng m mt loi bnh kh l him gp: Malaria (tiu chy) him gp vng sa mc c
cao ln.
20. vaccinations
Gii thch: Dng 1-2 on A: While many diseases that affect humans have been
eradicated due to improvements in vaccinations and the availability of healthcare
Eradicated (v) b tiu dit
Din t cc dch bnh b tiu dit ging vi c cc dch bnh bin mt (disappear)
21. antibiotics
Gii thch: Dng cui on A: As a result, super-viruses and other infections resistant
to antibiotics are becoming more and more common

Din t cc loi vi rt v truyn nhim (ci m khng li antibiotics thuc khng
sinh) ngy cng ph bin -> thuc khng sinh mt hiu qu
22. mosquito(e)s
Gii thch: Na cui on B: malaria-prone areas, which are usually tropical regions
that foster a warm and damp environment in which the mosquitos that can give people
this disease can grow.
-> mui gy bnh sinh trng vng nng m _> chng c th c tm thy
23. factories
Gii thch: Dng 6 on C: Part of the problem is, of course, the massive number of cars
being driven , in addition to factories that run on coal power
Cc nh my t than l mt tc nhn ca s nhim, trong than coal chnh l mt

loi nhin liu c th particular fuel
24. forests
Gii thch: Dng 7 on C: The rapid industrialisation of some countries in recent years
has also led to the cutting down of forests to allow for the expansion of big cities
m rng cc thnh ph ln cn phi cht rng -> s pht trin ca cc thnh ph

nh hng impact n rng
25. Polio
Gii thch: Dng 2 on D: It is an increasingly important area of study in a world where

diseases like polio are re-emerging

bi dng one disease that is growing after having been eradicated (mt loi dch
bnh pht trin li sau khi b dit tr ging ngh vi re-emerge
26. mountain
Gii thch: Dng 7-8 on G: for instance, it may be very difficult for people to
get medical attention because there is a mountain between their village and the nearest
hospital
physical barrier: ngn tr vt l khin ngi ta khng n c bnh vin, v d y

l ni mountain

Passage 3
27. dopamine
Gii thch: Dng 13 on 2: The first thing they discovered is that music triggers the
production of dopamine - a chemical with a key role in setting peoples moods
Nghe nhc kch thch no gii phng(release) /sn xut (produce) cht dopamine
28. pleasure
Gii thch: Dng 14-15 on 2: in both the dorsal and ventral regions of the brain. As
these two regions have long been linked with the experience of pleasure
Hai vng ca no lin quan ti (associated with) cm gic tha mn (thay th t cm

gic feeling bng t tri nghim experience)
29. caudate
Gii thch: Dng 2-3 on 3: the caudate- a region of the brain involved in learning
stimulus-response associations . were at their most active around 15 seconds before
the participants favourite moments in the music
Vng caudate ca no hng phn nht trc (just before) on nhc m ngi nghe
thch nht
30. anticipatory phase
Gii thch: Dng 5 on 3: The researchers call this the anticipatory phase
Cu trc nhc n giai an m mt vng no hng phn nht. Cu ny ni n tn

giai on l g.
31. food
Gii thch: Dng 3 on 3: a region of the brain involved in learning stimulus-response
associations , and in anticipating food and other reward stimuli
Din t anticipate (d on ) c thay th bng expectation.
Food trong cu gc c song song vi reward stimuli (cc kch thch to ra tha
mn ) -> thc n cng c coi ng dng vi kch thch to ra tha mn
32. B
Gii thch: Dng 2 on 1: even though music says little, it still manages to touch us
deeply
m nhc nh hng su sc n chng ta. Ni dung sau lit k cc phn ng c th

trc m nhc
-> ni v cng cc phn ng th cht ca c th i vi m nhc
33. C
Gii thch: Dng 1-3 on 2: they were able to obtain an impressively exact and detailed
portrait of music in the brain
Din t impressively exact and detailed portrait of music: thay th cho remarkably
precise data trong cu hi
34. A
Gii thch: Dng 1-3 on 3: What is rather more significant is the finding that the
dopamine neurons in the caudate were at their most active around 15 seconds before
the participants favourite moments in the music
-> iu n tng nht ca nghin cu l thi gian no ngi nghe phn ng li m nhc

35. B
Gii thch: Dng 1 on 5: To demonstrate this psychological principle, the musicologist

Leonard Meyer, in his classic book Emotion and Meaning in Music
this principle nguyn l ny y chnh l Montreal study c cp.
-> tc gi nhc n Meyer h tr cho pht hin trong Montreal study.
36. D
Gii thch: Dng 4 on 6: Meyer argued that the emotions we find in music come from
the unfolding events of the music itself
ny l cm xc ca ngi nghe n t chnh m nhc
-> Phn ng ca ngi nghe vi m nhc l do cu trc ca bn nhc
37. F
Gii thch: Dng 1-3 on 3: the dopamine neurons.were at their most active around
15 seconds before the participants favourite moments in the music
Cc n-ron no c hot ng trc khi ngi nghe nghe nhng im nhn ca bn nhc
38. B
Gii thch: Dng 5-6 on 4: Numerous studies, after all, have demonstrated that
dopamine neurons quickly adapt to predictable rewards
Numerous studies thay th cho many studies
Cc n ron s thch ngh vi nhng tha mn c th du on c
-> hot ng ca n ron gim nu nh bn nhc c th d on c

39. E
Gii thch: 3 dng cui on 5: He wants to preserve an element of uncertainty in his

music, making our brains beg for the one chord he refuses to give us. Beethoven saves
that chord for the end.
Meyer phn tch rng nhc ca Bethoven tr hon vic cho ngi nghe nhng g h
mun nghe, bng cch dnh m vo cui bn nhc.
40. C
Gii thch: Dng 3 on cui: While earlier theories of music focused on the way a sound
can refer to the real world of images and experiences
pictures and events thay th cho images and experiences


Passage 1
1. obsidian
Gii thch: Cu 2 on 1: Historians have discovered that a type of natural glass -

obsidian -was first used as tips for spears .
- Ngi tin s s dng mt cht liu c tn gi l obsidian. ( bi)
- iu ny v sau c cc nh khoa hc pht hin ra. (text)
2. spears
Gii thch: Cu 2 on 1: Historians have discovered that a type of natural glass -

obsidian -was first used as tips for spears .
- Sharp point thay th cho tips for , c ngha l u nhn/nh nhn
- Knh glass c s dng l u nhn ca gio spear.
3. beads
Gii thch: Cu 3 on 2: Archaeologists have even found evidence of man-made glass

which dates back to 4000 BC; this took the form of glazes used for coating stone beads .
- Bead (n): ht
- Trong bi xut hin key word v thi gian 4000 BC
4. impurities
Gii thch: Cu 2 on 2: The glass made during this time was highly coloured due to
the impurities of the raw material.
Knh c mu bi v s khng tinh khit ca nguyn liu th

5. Romans
Gii thch: Cu 4 on 2: . The secret of glass making was taken across Europe by
the Romans during this century. However, they guarded the skills and technology
required to make glass very closely.
Ngi Roman canh gi cng thc lm knh ca h rt cht -> Ngi Romans l nhng
ngi duy nht bit lm knh.
6. lead
Gii thch: Cu 2 on 3: He attempted to counter the effect of clouding that sometimes

occurred in blown glass by introducing lead to the raw materials used in the process.
Ch lead c bt u a vo s dng trong quy trnh sn xut knh -> G. Ravenscoft

pht trin mt quy trnh c s dng knh
7. clouding
Gii thch: Cu 2 on 3: He attempted to counter the effect of clouding that sometimes

occurred in blown glass by introducing lead to the raw materials used in the process.
Chng li counter s nh hng ca hin tng m clouding khi lm knh -> trnh
hin tng m xy ra
8. taxes
Gii thch: Cu 2 on 4: In Britain, the modem glass industry only really started to
develop after the repeal of the Excise Act in 1845. Before that time, heavy taxes had
been placed on the amount of glass melted in a glasshouse.
Din t developed thay th bng starterd to develop.

Exercise Act cu u tin l tn mt loi lut (laws) v lut ny lin quan n thu
taxes
9. TRUE
Gii thch: Cu 1 on 5: factory- owner HM Ashley introduced a machine capable of

producing 200 bottles per hour- more than three times quicker than
any previous production method.
My nhanh gp 3 so vi bt k phng php no trc -> my nhanh nht vo thi

im .
-> ng
10. FALSE
Gii thch: Cu 2 on 5: the first fully automated machine was developed in the USA by
Michael Owens - founder of the Owens Bottle Machine Company (later
the majormanufacturers Owens- Illinois) - and installed in its factory
M. Owens l ngi thnh lp founder ca cng ty ch khng phi ngi c thu

hired
-> Sai
11. NOT GIVEN
Gii thch: Bi cp n global market cu 2 on 6, th nhng l th trng bn,

ch khng phi sn xut
-> khng thy cp
12. TRUE

Gii thch: Cu 1 on cui: with growing consumer concern for green issues, glass
bottles and jars are becoming ever more popular
Bnh hay h thy tinh ang ni ting hn v ngng lo ngi v vn mi trng green
isues.
Bnh hay h trong bi kha chnh l cha, ng containers trong cu hi.
13. FALSE
Gii thch: Cu 5 on cui: As less energy is needed to melt recycled glass than to melt
down raw materials, this also saves fuel and production costs
Vic ti ch gip gim gi thnh prodution cost -> n khng t hn sn xut thy tinh
mi
-> Sai

Passage 2
14. D
Gii thch: Cui on 1: But the 2006 find, together with three others in Yorkshire and
Scotland, is compelling evidence that the lynx and the mysterious llewyn were in fact one
and the same animal. If this is so, it would bring forward the tassel-eared cat's estimated
extinction date by roughly 5,000 years.
on cp n vic c lng rng mo lynx tuyt chng 6000 nm v trc, nhng

nu tm kim nm 2006 l ng, mo lynx tuyt chng 5000 nm v trc.
->Mo lynx sng Anh lu hn ngi ta ngh
15. A
Gii thch: Cu 4 on 3: One of the most striking findings of modern ecology is that
ecosystems without large predators behave in completely different ways from those
that retain them
- Cu cui on 3: The killers turn out to be bringers of life
S xut hin ca th sn mi predator lm thay i h thng sinh thi, mang li s

sng bringer of life
-> S hin din ca th sn mi mang li s a dng sinh hc
16. C
Gii thch: Cu 1-3 on 4: ..British conservation, which has often selected

arbitrary assemblages of plants and animals and sought , at great effort and expense, to
prevent them from changing. It has tried to preserve the living world as if it were a jar of
pickles, letting nothing in and nothing out, keeping nature in a state of arrested
development.

Tc gi dng cc t nh arbitrary assemblages (s tp hp ty hng) , arrested
development (mi trng b km hm) ni v s bo tn ca Anh quc -. mang
tiu cc v khng ng tnh
-> Vic bo tn ca Anh c hng tip cn sai lm
17. A
Gii thch: Cu 2 on 5: This policy would also greatly boost catches in the surrounding
seas
Bo v bin khi vic nh bt c cho thng mi s lm tng sn lng nh bt
-> li ch thc tin cho nn cng nghip nh bt
18. C
Gii thch: Cu cui on 6: One of the reasons why the enthusiasm for rewilding is
spreading so quickly in Britain is that it helps to create a more inspiring vision than the
green movement's usual promise of ''Follow us and the world will be slightly less awful
than it would otherwise have been .
Chin dch Rewilding to ra mt vin cnh truyn cm hng hn so vi cc chin dch

mi trng khc
-> iu phn bit rewildingvowis cc chin dch mi trng khc l thng ip ca n

hp dn hn more appealling
19. E
Gii thch: Cu 1 on 7: there is no known instance of one preying on people
Cha c v d no cho thy lynx sn con ngi -> lynx cha bao gi lm hi con ngi

20. D
Gii thch: Cu 2 on 7: It is a specialist predator of roe deer, a species that has

exploded in Britain in recent decades,
Lynx sn loi roe deer (mt loi hu), loi ang bng n (v mt s lng) Anh trong
cc thp k gn y -> Lyn s lm gim s lng ca mt loi ng vt hoang d (wild
animals), loi m c s lng ang tng t bin trong cc thp k gn y
21. F
Gii thch: Cu cui on 7: The lynx requires deep cover, and as such presents little risk
to sheep and other livestock which are supposed, as a condition of farm subsidies, to be
kept out of the woods.
Lynx sng trong rng rm v cn c ngy trang (deep cover) nn khng gy tn hi

n gia sc, nhng con m c nui nht xa khi rng.
22. A
Gii thch: Cu 2 on 8: If trees return to the bare hills elsewhere in Britain, the big cats
could soon follow
S xut hin tr li ca cy c lin quan n s tr li ca mo Lynx
23. NO
Gii thch: Cu 4 on 8: The lynx has now been reintroduced to the Mountains, the Alps,
the in eastern France and the mountains in Germany
Anh khng phi l nc u tin a mo Lynx tr li v c cc nc khc thc hin.
24. NOT GIVEN

Gii thch: Cu 5 on 8: The European population has tripled since 1970
to roughly 10,000.
-> Khng ni n s lng ny c vt qu k vng hay khng
25. YES
Gii thch: Cu 5 n 8: the lynx has been able to spread as farming has,left the hills
-> Thay i trong hot ng nng nghip dn n vic a bn sinh sng ca Lynx c
m rng
26. YES
Gii thch: Cu cui on 8: people discover that it is more lucrative to protect

charismatic wildlife than to hunt it, as tourists will pay for the chance to see it .
-> vic gii thiu li mo Lynx s c li ch kinh t: khch du lch s tr tin xem
chng

Passage 3
27. iv
Gii thch: Na cui on A: Governments, regulators, central banks and auditors have
all been in the frame. The role of bank directors and management and their widely
publicised failures have been extensively picked over and examined in reports, inquiries
and commentaries
->nhiu on th phi chu trch nhim cho vn
28. ii
Gii thch: Cu u on B: The knock-on t of this scrutiny has been to make the
governance of companies in general an issue of intense public debate and has
significantly increased the pressures on, and the responsibilities of, directors
-> Ban iu hnh ca cc cng ty tr thnh vn tranh lun v chu p lc ln
->nh hng ca cc cng ty khi phi chu s kim tra cht ch
29. vi
Gii thch: Cu 1 on C: that the board as a whole is less involved in fully addressing
some of the most important issues.
-> mt nguy c rng khng phi tt c cc gim c tham gia gii quyt cc rc ri
30. viii
Gii thch: Cu 1 on D: A radical solution, which may work for some very large
companies whose businesses are extensive and complex, is the professional board
-> xut thay i cch hi ng lm vic

31. vii
Gii thch: Cu 1 on E: One of the main criticisms of boards and their directors is that
they do not focus sufficiently on longer-term matters of strategy, sustainability and
governance
-> tm nhn ca hi ng cha xa
32. i
Gii thch: Cu u on F: Compensation for chief executives has become a combat

zone where pitched battlesbetween investors , management and board members are
fought
-> tranh ci v cc sp xp v ti chnh ca cc qun l cp cao
33. iii
Gii thch: Cu 4 on G: Boards of companies in all sectors will need to widen

their perspective to encompass these issues and this may involve a realignment
of corporate goals
-> Nhng thay i c bn cn thit trong mi lnh vc ca vic kinh doanh
34. YES
Gii thch: Dng 6-7 on A: the search for explanations in the many post-mortems of
the crisis has meant blame has been spread far and wide
Vic tm kim li gii thch hu khng hong c lan rng
-> gim st hnh vi ca hi ng tng ln k t sau khng hong kinh t
35. NOT GIVEN

Gii thch: Na cui on A c cp n cc ngn hng nhng khng ni n vic
chng b qun l sai cp ln hn so vi cc t chc khc.
36. NO
Gii thch: Cu 1 on C: board business is devolved to committees in order to cope with

the workload
Cc cuc hp hi ng thng khng ko di m hi ng y nhim cho cc ban ngnh

x l
37. NO
Gii thch: Cu 8 on D: this structure would not be appropriate for all companies
Vic s dng cu trc ban ngnh s khng m bo c tt c thnh vin hi ng

c cung cp thng tin v cu trc ny khng ph hp vi tt c cc cng ty
38. information
Gii thch: Cui on D: However, more professional and better-informed boards would
have been particularly appropriate for banks where the executives
had access to information that part-time non-executive directors lacked, leaving the
latter unable to comprehend or anticipate the 2008 crash.
Cc gim c khng iu hnh gp bt li v thiu thng tin
39. financial
Gii thch: Cu 1 on E: they do not focus sufficiently on longer-term matters

of strategy, sustainability and governance , but instead concentrate too much on short-
term financial metrics.

-> Hi ng tp trung qu nhiu vo cc cn nhc v ti chnh, ci m ch c ngha
ngn hn
40. Shareholders/ investors
Gii thch: u on F: Compensation for chief executives has become a combat zone
where pitched battlesbetween investors , management and board members are fought,
often behind closed doors but increasingly frequently in the full glare of press attention.
Many would argue that this is in the interest of transparency and good governance
as shareholders use their muscle in the area of pay to pressure boards
to remove underperforming chief executives.
-> Hi ng phi tha nhn quan im ca cc c ng/ ngi u t

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Gii thiu

ZIM l n v chuyn luyn thi chng ch IELTS cam

C s H Ni: 130F Thi Thnh, ng a.

C s Tp. HCM: 308 Trn Ph, Phng 8, Qun 5

Gii thch: on 2: Its bark grows up to 20 cm in thickness

Cu ny c ni v dy ca v cy, nhng khng h ni ti vic liu n c phi l cy

Cu ghi rng phi mt 25 nm gia ma thu hoch th 1 v th 2, cn trong bi c

http://zim.vn/tu-sach-ielts-band-8/ | T sch BAND 8+ 2

Cha c thit b my mc lc v cy no c pht minh ra, nn phi c i ng lao

The product contained in the bottle = The bottle contents

For the user = to use

Products = goods; In keeping with = suit

10. Sustainable 11. Recycled

Easily = without difficulty

12. Biodiversity 13. Desertification

aid = support; stop = prevent

http://zim.vn/tu-sach-ielts-band-8/ | T sch BAND 8+ 4

Gii thch: on 2: Get a feeling of = give collectors the sense of .

Gii thch: on 3 Collectors clubs = meeting of groups of collectors

people who have similar interests = like-minded people

18. desire / hunt

Gii thch: on 3 hoc u on 4 Special item = something special chn desire

life-long = people who spend their whole lives chn hunt

Gii thch: on 4 :Searching for something particular = this ( t this m ch vic tm

Vy thng tin cn thiu l cu trc. y cn in mt tnh t educational

Male hobby = particularly among boys and men

22. NOT GIVEN

Trong on ch cp v vic nhng ngi su tp m rng b siu tp ca h, khng

Nh vy th k 16, dolls khng phi lm bng wax v porcelain m c lm bng

http://zim.vn/tu-sach-ielts-band-8/ | T sch BAND 8+ 6

C nhiu cch arrange a stamp collection, v cch sp xp theo size khng c

to think he or she is also unusual = to show the collector's individualism

( th hin mnh khng bnh thng, th hin ci ti c nhn)

Gii thch: on cui

So vi cc hobbies khc trong bi c c s so snh loi b phng n not given

http://zim.vn/tu-sach-ielts-band-8/ | T sch BAND 8+ 7

27. vi a surprising course title

i ca on A ny xoay quanh mt kha hc c bit gi l Arson for Profit. Ci tn

28. viii the possibility of attracting the wrong kind of student

i on vn ny ni v kh nng kha hc s thu ht ngi t nh thc th

29. ii a course title with two meanings

on C ny phn tch tn kha hc Principles of Marketing Theo tc gi, tn kha hc

30. iv applying a theory in an unexpected context

on D, tc gi p dng nh gi ca nh trit hc Immanuel Kant vo marketing

31. iii the equal importance of two key issues

http://zim.vn/tu-sach-ielts-band-8/ | T sch BAND 8+ 8

32. vii different names for different outcomes

33. fire science

Gii thch: on B dng 3 (establishing a chain of evidence for effective prosecution in a

http://zim.vn/tu-sach-ielts-band-8/ | T sch BAND 8+ 9

37. NOT GIVEN

on A (v cng nh ton bi) khng nhc n liu c kh thu ht sinh vin hc

http://zim.vn/tu-sach-ielts-band-8/ | T sch BAND 8+ 10

http://zim.vn/tu-sach-ielts-band-8/ | T sch BAND 8+ 11

Gii thch: on B: However, smallholder farmers in developing countries must in

In developing countries = In certain parts of the world

Challenges = both natural *+ and human *+

http://zim.vn/tu-sach-ielts-band-8/ | T sch BAND 8+ 12

Challenges = both natural + and human +