CH3 Set Theory and Logic.

notebook October 10, 2017

X
x 8 z
6
5 2 Z

if n(X) = n(Y) = n(Z) = 35 in this case x would equal 16, y would equal
22, and z would equal 19

if n(X) = n(Y) = n(Z) = 20 in this case x would equal 1, y would

equal 7, and z would equal 4

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Examples of Biconditional Statements

Example 1

Conditional Statement:
If a triangle is isosceles then it has two congruent (equal) sides. True
Converse:
If a triangle has two congruent (equal) sides then it is isosceles. True

Since the conditional statement and its converse are both true, then we have a
Biconditional statement:
A triangle is isosceles if and only if it has two congruent (equal) sides.

Example 2
Conditional Statement:
If you passed the exam then you scored 50% or higher. True Converse:
If you scored 50% or higher then you passed the exam. True

Since the conditional statement and its converse are both true, then we have a
Biconditional statement:
You passed the exam if and only if you scored 50% or higher.

Example 3
Conditional Statement:
If you are alive then you are breathing. True
Converse:
If you are breathing then you are alive. True

Since the conditional statement and its converse are both true, then we have a
Biconditional statement:
You are alive if and only if you are breathing.

3.5 and 3.6 The Converse, Inverse and Contrapositive of Conditional

Statements

A conditional statement usually follows an "if, then" type of format

where the "if" portion is called the hypothesis(p) and the "then"
portion is called the conclusion (q). Symbolically: pq

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ie. if today is Saturday, then there is no school

(True) p today is Saturday q there is no school
today

The converse of a conditional statement is written by exchanging

the hypothesis and conclusion (if becomes the then and the then
becomes the if). Symbolically: q p ie. if there is no school
today, then it is Saturday (False)

The inverse of a conditional statement is formed by negating the

hypothesis and conclusion (ie. if p does not happen, then q will not
happen). Symbolically: not p not q

ie. if today is not Saturday, then there is school (False)

The contrapositive of a conditional statement is formed by

exchanging the negated hypothesis and conclusion from the inverse
of the inverse of the conditional statement. Symbolically: not q
not p ie. if there is school today, then it is not Saturday (True)

A conditional statement and its contrapositive have the same truth value (if
one is true, so is the other). The same can also be said for the converse
and the inverse.

Example:
Conditional Statement:
If this month is January, then next month is February
(True)

Hypothesis (p): this month is January

Conclusion (q): next month is February

Converse:
If next month is February, then this month is January
(True)

Inverse:
If this month is not January, then next month is not
February (True)

Contrapositive:
If next month is not February, then this month is not January. (True)

Assignment: WKBK p.81 #18

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Today:
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1. Finish all chapter 3 assignments ask for help if you need it

2. Chapter 3 Test WKBK p.85 will work on tomorrow due Friday

Try to have ALL chapter 3 work done by the end of the week.

p.81 #1 a) 5x + 37 59

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p. 74
#2 a) n((V C)\L) = 25 + 5 + 40 = 70

b) n((L V)\C) = 25 + 14 + 15 = 54

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