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Art Man Society Lecture 2
Art Man Society Lecture 2
Humanities is:
Came from the Latin word humanus meaning human, refined and cultured
It emphasizes the dignity and worthiness of man and recognizes creative expressions.
Art is:
Work of art:
Division of Art
1. Practical or useful arts- when human activity is directed to produce artifacts and utensil which cope with
human needs. Examples: basket weaving, agriculture, mechanical arts
2. Liberal arts- in which intellectual efforts are considered. Example: grammar, astronomy, psychology,
philosophy
3. Fine arts- which are the products if the human creative activity in so far as they express beauty in
different ways and media, for the contemplation of the mind and the relaxation of the spirit
4. Major arts- which are characterized by their actual and potential expressiveness and by a purely
disinterested purpose, such as music, poetry and sculpture
5. Minor arts- which are connected with the practical uses and purpose. Example interior decoration
1. Plastic arts- which are developed through space and perceived by the sense of sight, such as, painting,
sculpture and architecture
2. Phonetic arts- which are based o sounds and words as media of expression. Examples: music, drama,
literature
3. Kinetic arts- which use as their most important element, rhythmic movement such as dance.
4. Pure arts- which take only one medium of expression as sound in music and color in painting
5. Mixed arts- which use two or more media. Example: music, poetry and drama.
Medium- refers to the material or means which the artist uses to objectify his feelings or thought
Painting Pigment
Sculpture Wood, stone, metal
Music Sound
Literature Words
Dance Body movements
1. Visual or space arts- mediums can be seen and which occupy space
2. Auditory or time arts- mediums can be heard and which are represents by man
3. Combine arts- whose mediums can be both seen and heard
Function of arts
1. Personal function
2. Social function
3. Physical function
Subject- this refers to any person, object, scene or event described on represented in a work of art
1. Realism- things are depicted in the way they would normally appear in nature
2. Abstraction- the process of simplifying and/or recognizing objects and elements according to the demands
of artistic expression
3. Distortion- figures are arranged that proportions differ noticeably from natural measurements. Twisting,
stretching or deforming the natural shape of the object
4. Surrealism- combination of realism and distortion. Fantasies
Kinds of subjects
Content
refers to what the artist expresses or communicates on the whole i his work
The meaning, theme
The statement we apprehend or the feeling or mood we experience
Reveals artists attitude towards his subject
The Scope of Humanities
1. What did the artist make? What is it about? (this concerns the subject)
2. What did the artist want to show in his work? What is the artwork for? (this concerns the function of the art)
3. What is the artwork made of? (this refers to the materials or mediums used)
4. How is the material put together or organized? (this refers to the materials or mediums used)
5. What is the personality of individuality of the artworks? (this refers to the style and mood or temper of the
artwork)
6. How good is it? (this is the judgment)
7. What is the meaning conveyed by the art? How does it make life more meaningful?
SCULPTURE
- Is a three-dimensional artwork created by shaping or combining hard materials, typically stone such as
marble, metal, glass, or wood, or plastic materials such as clay, textiles, polymers and softer metals
- Materials may be worked by removal such as carving, or they may be assembled such as by welding,
hardened such as by firing, molding or casting
History of Sculpture
Egyptian sculpture- characterized by sculptures from stone placed on tombs of important persons
or temples of powerful rulers
Greek Sculpture- Greece is the place of artists, philosophers, warriors and athletes. Greeks are
lovers of the human body; therefore, most of their works are of human figures, usually of their gods
and goddesses.
Roman sculpture- Rome conquered Greece and in order to retain something in truly Roman.
Roman sculptures deducted the human body and concentrated on the bust or the head part of the
human figure.
Byzantine sculpture- the Roman persecution ended and the celebration of the mass became legal.
Common subjects prominent during this era are Biblical characters and the image of God the father
as a bearded old man.
Gothic sculpture- most elaborate of all eras. Sculptors were meticulous on the garments worn by
their figures.
Renaissance sculpture- was the Golden Era of Arts and this period brought back the adoration of
the human body introduces by the Greeks. Nude sculpture is fine example of this Era.
Baroque sculpture- Berninis works such as The Ecstasy of St. Teresa which focuses on human
emotions of love, pain and suffering are main features of this era
Rococo sculpture- in the court of influential kings or queen especially in France, England and Spain
their furniture, panels, vessels and others were carved into elaborate designs and perfection.
ELEMENTS OF SCULPTURE
1. Subject-
2. Medium-
3. Texture-
4. Space-
Great sculptors
1. Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini- the ecstacy of St. Theresa is one of his most eye catching masterpices
2. Michelangelo Buonarroti- he says that he is the master of all masters both painting and sculptor. He is
best remembered of his David . another rmasterpice is his La Pieta
3. Eduardo Castrillo- he is a sculptor, a painter, a jeweller and truly the artist of realism and of the modern
time . the Liberators and People Power
4. Guillermo Tolentino- one of his monumental creations and lasting legacy to his race is the inspirations that
could be taken from the Bonifacio Monument located in Caloocan City. Oblation statue of the University of
the Philippines, is one of his great contributions, this masterpiece will be best appreciated by admirer if a
little background of a statue will be introduced.
5. Napoleon Abueva- he is the first modern Filipino sculptor. He did abstraction, experimentation and modern
techniques in sculpture. Baby Moses and Ring of the Gods
ARCHITECTURE
Art of designing and constructing a building which will serve a definite purpose
Elements
1. Line
2. Color
3. Volume
4. Texture
5. Space
Construction Principles
1. Post and lintel- makes use of 2 vertical supports spanned by horizontal beam.
2. Arch- consists of separate pieces of wedge-shaped blocks arranged in a semi-circle
3. Truss- system of triangular forms assembled in a rigid framework
4. Cantilever- makes use of a beam extending horizontally into space beyond its post
Evolution of Architecture
1. Earliest/ prehistoric- earliest man lived in caves, experimenting with whatever materials they could find,
protection of their family.
2. Egyptian- believed that Pharaohs were gods which great influenced their architecture. Pyramid- triangular,
rectangular or square-shaped which entombs the Pharaoh. Temples- surrounded by massive, high walls,
one great place between towers, used post and lintel system.
3. Greek- used architectural Orders- a. Doric- plain abacus capital; shortest and most massive. B. Ionic- capital
characterized by a pair of spirals; taller or more slender. C. Corinthian- capital featuring curling leaves;
tallest and most slender
4. Roman- practical and realistic; adopted and modified by some Greek architecture.
5. Medieval- early Christian- characterized by small windows with a simple, lightweight, wooden roof.
Byzantine- usually built in a Greek cross; walls and domes were covered in a brilliant mosaic. Romanesque-
characterized with thick walls, massive windows, round arches, short, thick columns and a heavy massive
appearance. Gothic- 12th century, walls replaced with brilliantly colored stained glass windows.
6. Renaissance- characterized by objective, mathematical standards of measurement.
7. Baroque- more elaborate arches, columns and vaults
8. Modern- requisites have been resolved- growth of industrialization, new means of transportation and
communication and new concepts of medicine and education.
Materials of architecture
1. Wood
2. Stone
3. Concrete
4. Steel
PHOTOGRAPHY
Basic composition
1. SHAPE-
Tends to be noticed first, before texture and pattern
Easiest and most recognizable composition tool
Shape helps create a mood/character for the picture
Search for the unconventional or surprise shape in objects
2. LINE-
Lines create
a. Shape
b. Pattern
c. Depth
d. Perspective
Line leads the eye
e. Focal point/subject
f. Diagonals
g. S-curves
Lines into the horizon show depth and perspective for the viewer
Vanishing point
Point at which lines converge and vanish in to the horizon
Place off-center
Close-ups decrease perspective while wide-angles can exaggerate it
3. Pattern
Orderly combination of shape, line, or color
Pattern can help echo the character of a photo
Catching attention
Random patterns
Slight variation in a pattern
Pattern in common places
4. Texture
Giving perspective
LinearLines which converge into the distance
Diminishing sizeobjects further away are smaller
Aerial perspectiveatmosphere creates haze, which lightens objects farther away
Improving composition
1. Rule of thirds
Have a strong center of interest
Take pictures at different angles with different compositions
Work around the rule of thirds
2. Simplicity
One strong center of interest
Foreground or background should be simple or complimentary to center of interest
Include foreground or background for sense of isolation, distance, depth, etc.
Avoid mergers
Cut offs
Avoiding cutting out parts or wholes of people or main subjects
Avoiding cutting out the path of a moving object
4. Framing
Adds depth
Should fit theme
Helps subject fill the frame
Can block unwanted subjects from view
Watch focus on foreground
Focus on foreground in landscape
Focus on subject in portraits
Auto-focus should be centered on main topic
OverallDEPENDS ON CAMERA
5. Balance
Balance color and weight in a picture
Formal and informal
Symmetrical and asymmetrical
Fill the frame
Would this picture look better if I was closer?
Focus on subject
Detail
Start far and move closer
Fill the frame with objects that fit
Long range shots provide depth and perspective
Digital cameras sometimes get confused trying to recreate colours, and the picture goes a different tint because the
cameras idea of white is off so we can change the white balance setting to compensate:
- Automatic: Usually guesses correctly, but not always
- Custom: Focus on something white for it to remember
- Tungsten: Indoors, under tungsten/incandescent/bulb lighting
- Fluorescent: Under fluorescent lighting
- Daylight/Sunny: Outdoors on a bright day
- Cloudy: Outdoors on a cloudy day
- Flash: To compensate for flash
- Shade: In shaded areas