Professional Documents
Culture Documents
French-English Legal Dictionary
French-English Legal Dictionary
French-English Legal Dictionary
Bridge
The Council of Europ~
French-English
Legal Dictionary
This dictionary has been compiled as a manual to assist translators who are not
familiar with legal terminology and others who have no time to consult more authori-
tative sources. It has no pretensions to completeness and many of the renderings are
tentative or apply only in certain contexts. The English terms are those currently or
formerly used in English law; French terms refer to the French legal system unless
otherwise indicated - as Belgian ("Belg"), Canadian ("Can"), Luxembourg ("Lux")
or Swiss ("Sw").
I should like to thank those colleagues who have corne to discuss points of inter-
est and in particular Martin Weston, who has not only supplied nie with lists of sug-
gested renderings, most of which I have adopted, but has also revised, copy-edited
and proof-rea:d the entire text for publication. I am also indebted to my son Steven,
without whose encouragement and assistance the computer typescript would never
have seen the light of day.
Frank Bridge
April 1994
c)
ACTE-CONDITION 10 ACTION
-ACTE-CONDITION ACTION
ACTION 11 ACTION
LI - action nominative lie - regis- the validity of a daim he asserts against the
tered share which can only be trans- plaintiff.
ferred with the company's consent. PUBLIC - action publique - (public) pros-
NULLIT - action en nullit - action to ecution; criminal proceedings.
set aside ( dedare void). QUERELLEUR - action querelleuse -
OBLIQUE - action oblique - action vexatious proceedings.
brought by a creditor in the name of his
RCLAMATION - (action en) rclama-
debtor.
tion d'tat - action to establish descent from
PATERNIT - action en recherche de pa-
a parent (legitimacy).
ternit - affiliation proceedings; action to
establish paternity. RECONVENTIONNEL - action recon-
PAULIEN - action paulienne - action by ventionnelle - counterdaim; cross-action;
which a creditor can have dedared void cer- cross-petition.
tain transactions by a debtor with third par- RCURSOIRE - action rcursoire - third-
ties prejudicial to his interests. party proceedings; third-party notice.
PERSONNE - action attache (exclusive- TAT - action rcursoire de l'tat
ment) la personne - strictly (purely) per- contre l'agent fautif - state's action
sonal action; non-pecuniary action. for indemnity against a public officer
PERSONNEL - action personnelle - who has committed a fault for which the
action to enforce a right in personam. state is liable.
DLIVRANCE - action personnelle RDHIBITOIRE - action rdhibitoire -
en dlivrance - action in personam to action for rescission ( against the seller of de-
be put in possession of a usufruct (life fective goods or animals).
tenancy). RDUCTION - action en rduction - ac-
PTITION - (action en) ptition d'hr- tion to reduce the price (of defective goods).
dit - action to obtain possession of an es-
REL - action relle - action to enforce a
tate from a person daiming to be the heir;
right in rem or a right of possession.
action to daim (a share in) an estate.
PTITOIRE - action ptitoire - action to RPTITION - action en rptition de
establish ownership or another right in rem. l'indu - action for restitution of money paid
POPULAIRE - action populaire.- action without legal cause (for money had and re-
which may be brought by any member of the ceived).
public, whether or not he is in any way con- RESCISION - action en rescision (pour
cerned with the case; actio popularis; some- lsion) - action for rescission for inadequate
times used in the sense of an action by one consideration.
of a dass of persons affected on behalf of the RSILIATION - action en rsiliation -
others; group (representativ; dass) action. action to terminate a continuing contract (ex
PORTEUR - action au porteur - bearer nunc).
share; share warrant; bearer stock. RSOLUTION - action en rsolution -
POSITIF - action positive - {human rights) action to set aside a contract; action for
affirmative action. resc1ss10n.
POSSESSOIRE - action possessoire - RESPONSABILIT - action en respon-
action to protect or recover possession; sabilit - action for damages.
possessory action. There are three types:
RESTITUTION - action en restitution -
complainte - trespass, ie when posses-
action for recovery of possession.
sion is disturbed by some factual or legal ac-
tion; dnonciation de nouvel uvre, RETRANCHEMENT - action en re-
when works are commenced completion of tranchement - action by the children of a
which would interfere with possession; and former marriage to recover property from the
rintgrande, where a person has been marital community or a spouse.
deprived of possession. . REVENDICATION - action en revendica-
PRIORIT - action de priorit - prefer- tion - action to establish title ( ownership);
ence share. action .in detinue.
PROVOCATOIRE - action: provocatoire HRDIT - action en revendication
- action to force a person to to establish d'hrdit - action to obtain p.ossession
ACTION .ACTION
APPELANT 17 APPRCIATION
APPELANT APPRCIATION
AVERTISSEMENT 24 AYANT DROIT
B
BAIL - lease; tenancy. BANQUEROUTE - (negligent or fraudulent)
CHEPTEL - bail cheptel - lease of live- bankruptcy.
stock. FRAUDULEUX- banqueroute fraudu-
COLONAT PARTIAIRE - bail colonat leuse - fraudulent bankruptcy
partiaire - lease on the basis of a division SIMPLE - banqueroute simple - (negli-
of pro duce and lasses between tenant and gent) bankruptcy
landlord.
COMMERCIAL - bail commercial- busi- BANS - notice of an intended marriage posted
ness tenancy. on the notice-board of a mayor's office.
CONSTRUCTION - bail construction -
long building lease (18-70 years) conferring a BARME
right in rem on the lessee. IMPT - barme de l'impt sur les
DOMAINE CONGABLE - bail do- salaires - salary-tax tables; (Schedule E)
maine congable - short-term agricultural income-tax tables.
tenancy in which the tenant retains owner-
ship of (or is entitled to compensation for)
BARRE
his erections, plantations and crops and also PLAIDER la barre - address the court.
has a right of pre-emption. BARREAU- bar.
FERME - bail ferme - 9-year renewable
agricultural tenancy. BARREMENT - crossing of a cheque.
HABITATION - bail usage d'habitation
- residential tenancy. BASE
NATURE - bail en nature - tenancy in IMPOSITION - base d'imposition - tax-
which the rent is paid in kind. able (rateable) value; value for tax purposes;
NOURRITURE - bail nourriture - con- basis of assessment.
tract to supply board and lodging for life. LGAL - manque de base lgale - (judg-
RENTE - bail rente - rentcharge. ment based on) faulty or insuffi.cient reasons
RURAL - bail rural - agricultural tenancy. (ground for appeal to the Court of Cassa-
TRIBUNAL paritaire de baux ruraux - tion).
agricultural land tribunal. TEXTES de base - relevant texts ( docu-
BAILLEUR - landlord; lessor; hirer. ments); basic provisions.
FONDS - bailleur de fonds - persan pro-
viding finance; money-lender.
BTONNIER- chairman of the bar.
BALANCE BNFICE
COMPTE - balance des comptes en mou- DISCUSSION - bnfice. de discussion -
vement et en soldes - turnover and balances surety's right to require execution to be di-
of the accounts. rected against the principal debtor before the
creditor levies execution on the surety.
BALLOTTAGE -situation where none of the
DISTRIBU - bnfice non distribu -
parties has obtained suffi.cient votes to be elected
in the first round of an election. profit retained.
SCRUTIN de ballottage - second ballot. DIVISION - bnfice de division - surety's
right to obtain a court order that the pro-
BAN ceedings be directed against all the sureties .
RUPTURE de ban - o:ffence of returning to DOUTE - au bnfice du doute - for lack
French territory ( committed by a person who of evidence.
has been banished); also applies to persans
MOLUMENT - bnfice d'molument-
under order not to live in a specific region.
limitation of a spouse's liability for the com-
BANDITISME - aggravated theft; aggravated munity debts to his or her share of the com-
larceny. m11nit.v """"fa:
BAIL RNFICE
CAUTIO 31 CERTIFICAT
OAUTIO CERTIFICAT
CERTITUDE 32 CHAMBRE
CERTITUDE CHAMBRE
COLONAT 38 COMMISSAIRE
TRE colloqu - les crances sont col- confirmatory oral evidence or presumptions
loques dans l'ordre suivant sur le produit which would otherwise be excluded; writing
des biens de la masse - the debts are satis- admitting oral evidence; some evidence in
fied from the proceeds of the bankruptcy in writing; prima facie case.
the following or der.
COMMENTATEUR- commentator; re-
COLONAT porter; legal writer; authority.
PARTIAIRE - colonat partiaire - agri-
cultural tenancy in which the rent takes the COMMERANT - trader; merchant;
form of a share of the produce or the loss. PETIT commerant - small trader.
COMIT COMMERCE
DIRECTEUR - comit directeur - steering ACTE de commerce - commercial transac-
committee. tion.
ENTREPRISE - comit d'entreprise - ENNEMI - commerce avec l'ennemi -
works council. trading with the enemy.
RESTREINT - comit restreint - select FONDS de commerce - business.
committee. HORS (du) commerce - whose sale is pro-
COMMAND hibited by law; not subject to legal transac-
DCLARATION de command - statement tions; inalienable; not for sale.
exercising the right of an ostensible purchaser JURIDIQUE - commerce juridique - legal
to substitute the true purchaser for whom he transactions,
was acting as an agent; naming one's princi- RAISON de commerce - business name.
pal at or after an auction. REGISTRE du commerce - business-names
register; commercial register.
COMMANDANT
TRIBUNAL de commerce - Commercial
POLICE - commandant de police -
Court.
(police) chief inspector.
COMMANDEMENT- formal notice (to COMMERCIALIT
pay a judgment debt etc) served by a bailiff hold- SUBJECTIF - thorie de la commercia-
ing an authority to levy execution; service of a lit subjective - theory that certain acts
peremptory or der. or transactions fall within the jurisdiction
AUTORIT LGITIME- commande- of the commercial courts because they are
ment de l'autorit lgitime - defence of performed by merchants or businessmen.
lawful orders. COMMETTANT- master; principal; person
ITRATIF - commandement itratif-
vicariously liable for the fault of his servant.
final notice to pay before levying execution.
PAYER - commandement de payer - order COMMINATOIRE- (of a penalty, fine or
to pay. nullity) imposed to put pressure on one of the
POUVOIR de commandement - factual parties and revocable at the court's discretion
power (not necessarily founded in law) to according to the circumstances of the case.
give orders relating to a thing. JUGEMENT comminatoire - order con-
COMMANDITAIRE- limited partner. taining a revocable penalty for non-com-
pliance with its terms.
COMMANDITE - limited partnership. MESURE comminatoire - coercive measure
ACTION - commandite par actions - part- (ie involving a threat of legal sanctions).
nership limited by shares.
SIMPLE - commandite simple - limited COMMISSAIRE - (police) superintendent.
partnership. APPORT - commissaire aux apports -
valuer of contributions in kind to the capital
COMMANDIT- general, active or manag- of a company.
ing partner in a limited partnership. CENTRAL - commissaire central - chief
COMMENCEMENT superintendent.
PREUVE - commencement de preuve par COMPTE - commissaire aux comptes -
crit - signed writing rendering admissible auditor.
COLONAT COMMISSAIRE
COMMISSION 39 COMMUN
COMMISSION COMMUN
CONDOMINIUM 45 CONFUSION
CONDOMINIUM CONFUSION
CONG 46 CONSEIL
POUVOIR - confusion des pouvoirs - fail- NET - connaissement net - clean bill of
ure to observe the principle of the separation lading.
of powers. ORDRE - connaissement ordre - order
bill of lading.
CONG - notice; leave.
PORTEUR- connaissement au porteur -
BAIL - cong de bail - notice to terminate;
bearer bill of lading.
notice to quit.
, PNITENTIAIRE- cong pnitentiaire - CONNATRE
prison leave. DE - connatre de - hear; deal with; hear
CONGDIEMENT - dismissal; termination and determine; entertain; take cognisance of.
of a contract of employment. .. AFFAIRE - connatre d'une affaire -
(have jurisdiction to) hear a case; deal
CONGRGATION - religious order. with a case.
CONGRS - joint meeting of both chambers .. APPELER - qui sont appels con-
of the French parliament to pass an Act amend- natre des affaires de divorce - which
ing the Constitution. try divorce cases.
.. DEMANDE - connatre de la
CONJOINT demande - entertain the proceedings
CODBITEURS conjoints - persans sever- (the claim).
ally li able (each for his share). .. FOND - connatre du fond d'une af-
DEMANDE conjointe - joint petition for faire - deal with the merits of a case.
divorce or judicial separation (by both par- .. POUVOIR connatre de - have juris-
ties). diction to decide.
DIFFRENDS entre conjoints - marital
.. PROCDURE - connatre de proc-
disputes.
dures - entertain proceedings.
, OBLIGATION conjointe - several liability.
DROIT- que connat le droit allemand -
, REQUTE conjointe - joint application
existing in (recognised by (in)) German law.
(method of commencing contentious proceed-
ings by parties agreeing to submit their dis- CONNEXE
pute to the court). - connexe - arising from the same
SURVIVANT - conjoint survivant - sur- transaction; related to; closely connected
viving spouse. with.
CONJOINTEMENT - jointly; together. CONNEXIT- the relationship existing
CONJUGAL consortium. between two or more cases or offences which jus-
DEVOIR conjugal - duty to have sexual tifies their being joined and tried together; close
relations with one's spouse. connection.
DOMICILE conjugal - matrimonial home. EXCEPTION de connexit - defence that
UNION conjugale - consortium. related proceedings are pending in another
court (lis alibi pendens).
CONNAISSANCE
CESSION - connaissance spciale et per- CONNIVENCE - collusion.
sonnelle de la premire cession - actual
notice of the first assignment. CONSANGUIN - of the half blood on the
PRENDRE.connaissance du dossier - in- father's side.
spect the file. CONSEIL - council; board; commission;
CONN AIS SEMENT - bill of lading. guardian; adviser; counsel.
CHEF - con,naissement chef - captain's ADMINISTRATION - conseil d'adminis-
copy of the bill. tration - board of directors.
DESTINATAIRE- connaissement desti- CABINET - conseil de cabinet - meeting
nataire - consignee's copy of a bill of lading. of the government chaired by the Prime Min-
FLUVIAL - connaissement fluvial - river ister.
bill of lading. CHAMBRE du conseil - judge's chambers;
INTRANSMISSIBLE - connaissement in- (Belg) Court in Chambers (which, inter alia,
transmssible - non-negotiable bill of lading. decides whether to commit for trial).
CONG CONSEIL
CONTRADICTOIREMENT 51 CONTRAT
CONTRADICTOIREMENT CONTRAT
CONTRAT 52 CONTRE-ENQUTE
CONTRAT CONTRE-ENQUTE
CONTRE-EXPERT 53 CONTRLE
evidence to disprove the evidence adduced by the CONTRIBUTION - procedure for the distri-
plaintiff. bution between the creditors of the proceeds of an
attachment in proportion to the amounts due to
CONTRE-EXPERT - expert called by the
them.
other side.
APPEL de contributions - call for contribu-
CONTRE-EXPERTISE - expert opinion tions.
submitted in reply, by the other sicle; second ex- DETTE - contribution la dette - proce-
pert opinion. dure by which a person who has paid a sum
for which he is not ultimately liable obtains
CONTREFAON - forgery.
contribution or indemnity from those ulti-
BREVET - contrefaon de brevets - in-
mately liable.
fringement of patents.
DIRECT - contribution directe - direct
DESSIN - contrefaon de dessins - in-
taxation.
fringement of registered designs.
GUERRE - contribution de guerre - war
CRITURE - contrefaon d'critures -
levy; special tax to meet the cost of a war.
forgery of documents.
PATENTE - contribution des patentes -
LITTRAIRE - contrefaon littraire -
(formerly) trading-licence tax; trade tax.
infringement of copyright.
MARQUE - contrefaon de marques de CONTRLE
fabrique - infringement of registered trade ACCORD de contrle - supervision agree-
marks. ment.
MONNAIE - contrefaon de monnaies - AGENT de contrle - supervising officer;
making counterfeit coinage; coinage offences; checking officer.
forging coins. A POSTERIORI - contrle a posteriori -
CONTRE-LETTRE - secret document set- subsequent (ex post facto) inspection (check,
ting out the true facts of a fictitious transaction; control, review).
modification of a marriage contract (marriage set- A PRIORI - contrle a priori - previous
tlement). inspection (check, control, review).
CHANGE - contrle des changes - ex-
CONTREPARTIE - consideration; equiva- change control.
lent; remuneration; opposing party (in this sense
COMPTABLE - contrle comptable -
also contrepartiste).
audit.
CONTREP ARTISTE - other (opposing) COMPTABILIT - contrle de la comp-
party. tabilit - audit.
PORTER - se porter contrepartiste - (of DEVISE - contrle des devises - exchange
an agent) contract with himself. control.
DOUANE - contrle de la douane - cus-
CONTRE-PASSATION - cross-entry; re-
toms inspection.
versal; contra (entry).
DROIT de contrle - right of supervision.
CONTREPAS SER - reverse or cancel an EFFECTIF - contrle d'effectifs - atten-
entry. dance check.
EXTERNE - contrle externe - external
CONTREPRESTATION - consideration.
audit.
CONTRE-PREUVE - rebutting evidence. IDENTIT - contrle d'identit - identity
check.
CONTRE-SEING - countersignature.
IMPT - contrle de l'impt - tax inspec-
CONTRESTARIES - demurrage. tion.
JUDICIAIRE - contrle judiciaire -
CONTRE-SURESTARIES - demurrage.
judicial supervision; court supervision (of
CONTREVENANT - (petty offence) defen- accused persans pending trial); judicial re-
dant; offender. view.
JURIDICTIONNEL - contrle juridiction-
CONTREVENTION - petty offence.
nel - judicial review of a decision etc; control
CONTRIBUABLE - taxpayer. by the courts of administrative decisions.
CONTRE-EXPERT CONTRLE
CONTRLER 54 CONVENTIONNEL
CONTRLER CONVENTIONNEL
CONVICTION 55 CO RESPONSABLE
CONVICTION CO RESPONSABLE
CORPORATIF 56 COUPURE
CORPORATIF COUPURE
COVENDEUR 58 CRANCE
VICE - couvrir un vice - cure a defect. EXIGIBLE - crance exigible - due debt;
debt accrued due; payable debt.
COVENDEUR - co-vendor; joint seller.
FAILLITE - crance de faillite - daim in
CPS =Code pnal suisse. bankruptcy.
CRAIN T FISCAL - crances fiscales - tax daims;
RVRENTIEL - crainte rvrentielle - unpaid tax.
parental (etc) influence. GAGE - crance donne en gage - debt or
daim charged by way of security.
CRAPULEUX - committed from base mo.,.
GAG - crance gage - secured debt.
tives, eg for pecuniary gain, or in a barbarie man-
GARANTI - crance garantie - secured
ner.
debt.
CRIME crapuleux - felony committed from
GEL - crance gele - blocked (frozen)
base motives, eg for pecuniary gain, or in a
debt.
barbarie manner; sordid (barbarie) crime.
HOMICIDE crapuleux - homicide commit- HONORAIRE - crance d'honoraires -
ted from base motives, eg for pecuniary gain, daim for fees; fees owing.
or in a barbarie manner. HYPOTHCAIRE - crance hypothcaire
- mortgage debt.
CRANCE - right to receive payment of a IMPT - crance d'impt - tax owing; tax
debt; right to receive the benefit or performance daim(ed).
of a contract or other obligation; chose in action;
INCESSIBLE - crance incessible - in-
right in personam; obligation; sum owed; contrac-
alienable or non-negotiable daim.
tual right; debt; daim.
INDEMNISATION - crance en indem:r;ii-
ALIMENTAIRE - crance alimentaire -
sation - daim (right) to damages ( compen-
(right to receive or daim) maintenance.
sation).
AMORTISSEMENT d'une crance - ex-
tinction of a debt; writing off a debt. INDIVIS - crance indivise - joint daim.
CD - crance cde - debt or chose in INTRT - crance d'intrt - daim for
action which has been assigned. interest.
CDER une crance - assigna chose in ac- IRRCOUVRABLE - crance irrecou-
tion, ie the right to receive payment of a debt vrable - bad debt.
or performance of some other obligation. LEGS de crance - legacy of a chose in ac-
CESSION de crance - assignment of a tion (right to receive payment of a debt etc).
chose in action, ie of the right to receive pay- LETTRE de crance - letters of credence;
ment of a debt or performance of some other (a diplomat's) credentials; letter of credit.
obligation. LOYER - crance de loyers - right tore-
CHIROGRAPHAIRE- crance chiro- ceive payment of rent.
graphaire - unsecured debt. MARCHANDISE - crance sur marchan-
CIVIL - crance civile - civil debt (ie gov- dises - right to receive goods.
erned by civil law). MASSE - crance contre la masse - prior-
COMMERCIAL - crance commerciale - ity daim against the bankruptcy for costs, or
commercial debt (ie governed by commercial obligations entered into by the trustee.
law).
MONTANT RDUIT- crance d'un
COMPTABLE - crance comptable - book
montant rduit - small debt.
debt (daim); account receivable.
PRIX DE VENTE - crance de prix de
CONTEST - crance conteste - dis-
vente - right to receive the purchase money.
puted daim.
CONTREPARTIE - crance en contrepar- PRODUCTION d'une crance - proof of a
tie - counterclaim. debt (in bankruptcy).
DOMMAGES DE GUERRE - crance de PRODUIRE une crance - prove a debt (in
dommages de guerre - war-damage daim. bankruptcy).
DOUTEUX - crance douteuse - doubtful RECOURS - crance en recours - right to
debt. indemnity; right of recourse.
CHU - crance chue - due debt; debt RECOUVRABLE - crance recouvrable --
accrued due; payable debt. recoverable debt.
COVENDEUR CRANCE
CRANCIER 59 CRDIBILIT
CRANCIER CRDIBILIT
CRDIRENTIER 60 CRIMINEL
that they are unaware of the existence of a CRDITEUR - creditor; persan entitled to a
debt or other relevant matter. credit balance.
CRDIRENTI;ER - persan entitled to a CRDULIT
rentcharge; annuitant. SERMENT de crdulit - oath by an
CRDIT - credit; appropriation. alleged debtor's surviving spouse or heirs
ASSURANCE. crdit - credit insurance. that they are unaware of the existence of a
ATTEINTE au crdit de l'tat - disparage- debt or other relevant matter.
ment of public credit. CRER
ATTRIBUTIQN de crdits - allocation of EFFET - crer un effet - draw a bill.
appropriations; attribution of expenditure to
appropriations. CRIE
AVAL - crdit d'aval - guaranteed credit. AUDIENCE des cries - session for sale of
BLANC - crdit blanc - clean credit; open real property by the court by auction; court
credit. auction.
BLOCAGE de crdits - blocking (freezing) VENTE la crie - sale of movables or im-
of appropriations. movables by public auction.
BUDGTAIRE - crdit budgtaire -
appropriation. CRIME - felony (o:ffence of the most serious
CAHIER de crdits - supplementary esti- category); serious indictable offen ce .
mates. CRAPULEUX - crime crapuleux ""'" felony
CAISSE - crdit de caisse - overdraft facil- committed from base motives, eg for pecu-
ity. niary gain, or in a barbarie manner; sordid
CAUTION - crdit de caution - guaran- (barbarie) crime.
teed credit. DLIT - crimes et dlits - indictable
CAUTIONNEMENT- crdit de caution- o:ffences; felonies and misdemeanours.
nement - guaranteed credit. PASSIONNEL - crime passionnel - o:ffence
CONSOMMATION - crdit la consom- motivated by jealousy; crime passionnel.
mation - consumer credit. SANG - crimes de sang - murder and simi-
DEMANDE de crdit (supplmentaire) - lar crimes.
(supplementary) estimate.
TABLISSEMENT de crdit - financial CRIMIN ALISATION - conversion of misde-
institution. meanours into felonies by statute; creation of an
IMPT - crdit d'impt - tax credit. o:ffence; making (certain acts) an o:ffence.
INSTITUTION de crdit - financial insti- CRIMINALISER - con vert a misdemeanour
tutiqn. into a felony by statute; create an o:ffence; make
}40DIFI - crdit modifi - amended (certain acts) an o:ffence.
apprqpriation.
p-VIPR ~n ~rdit - vote an appropriation. CRIMINALISTE - expert in criminal law or
~ OUVRIR des crc:Uts de paiemeI!-t - appro- police science; criminal lawyer.
priate funds.
PRQJE~ de ~rdit - :propps~l for an appro- CRIMINALISTIQUE- police science; crim-
priation. inal science; criminalistics.
REPORT de crdit - carry-over of an
CRIMINALIT
appropriation.
AFFAIRE - criminalit des affaires - eco-
SUPPLMENTAIRE - crdit-supplmen-
nomic crime; white-collar crime; business
taire - supplementary appropriation.
crime .
TITRE de crdit - credit instrument; secu-
rity. CRIMINEL - (of imprisonment) long-term.
VIREMENT de c:cdit - virement; transfer TAT - le criminel tient le chdl en tat:-
, '"''
(from one head of the estimates to another). '
CRDIRENTIER CRIMINEL
DAMNUM EMERGENS DBITEUR
D
DAMNUM EMERGENS - loss (and dam- PROCS-VERBAL des dbats - record of
age) suffered ; damnum emergens. the proceedings; transcript of the trial.
PUBLICIT des dbats - (re<}u.irement of,
DANGER- threat; risk. right to) a public hearing.
FUITE - danger de fuite - danger of
absconding. DBATTRE
MINEUR - mineurs en danger - minors at PRINCIPAL - dbattre au principal- dis-
risk. pute the main issue; argue the merits.
PUBLIC - danger public - public emer-
gency. DBAUCHAGE- enticement to quit em-
ployment; inducing breach of contract (of employ-
DATE ment).
CERTAIN - date certaine - authenticated
date, ie certi:fied by a court, notary or official. DBAUCHE - sexual immorality, including
The date may be considered as authenticated homosexual practices.
or certain as a result of registration, men- EXCITATION (des mineurs) la dbauche
tion in an o:fficially recorded document or the - incitement (of min ors) to immorality;
death of one of the parties. depravation (of minors).
CHANCE - date d'chance - due date.
DBAUCHER - entice to quit employment;
MISSION - date d'mission - date of induce breach of cpntract (of employment).
issue.
FIXE - procdure d'urgence date fixe - DEBELLATIO - conquest.
:fixed-date urgent proceedings.
DBET
RFRENCE - date de rfrence-
ARRT de dbet - restitution order; re-
appointed day or date; prescribed date.
payment order (referring to a de:ficit in an
VALEUR - date de valeur - value date.
account).
DATION PROCDURE de dbet - proceedings for
GAGE - dation en gage - pledging; charg- restitution or repayment by the accountant
ing. of the de:ficit in an
NANTISSEMENT- dation en nantisse- account.
ment - pledging; charging. DBIRENTIER - persan liable to pay an
PAIEMENT - dation en paiement - satis- annuity, rentcharge, etc.
faction; accord and satisfaction.
DBITEUR - debtor; promisor; obligor; tort-
DBALLAGE feasor; persan liable.
VENTE au dballage - special-offer sale ALIMENT - dbiteur d'aliments - persan
(from temporary premises). liable to pay maintenance.
DBAT ASSIGN - dbiteur assign - debtor
against whom proceedings are pending.
RESTREINT - dbat restreint - parlia-
mentary debate in which speaking time is CAMBIAIRE - dbiteur cambiaire - per-
san liable on abm.
limited.
CD ~ dbiteur cd - persan liable to
DBAT(S) - hearing; trial; proceedings. pay a debt or perform an obligation which
CLTURE des dbats - termination of the has been assigned.
hearing. DFAILLANT - dbiteur dfaillant - in-
MAXIME des dbats (Sw) - rule that the solvent debtor; defaulter.
parties control the (subject-matter of) the FAILLI - dbiteur failli - bankrupt.
proceedings (and may present the case as GAGISTE- dbiteur gagiste - pledgor.
they see fit). HYPOTHCAIRE - dbiteur hypoth-
ORAL - dbats oraux - hearing. caire - mortgagor.
DBLOCAGE DCHANCE
DCHOIR 65 DECISORIA LITIS
DCLARER DDIT
DDOMMAGEMENT 68 DFAUT
DDOMMAGEMENT DFAUT
DFENDEUR (DFENDERESSE) 69 DEGR
DLAI DLGATION
DLGU 72 DLIT
debtor (promisor) remains Hable as well as a single judge, who then discusses the case
the persan he has instructed to pay (or per- with the other two members of the bench
form) on his behalf. (optional practice in the Commercial Court).
MARCH - dlgation de march - charg- METTRE en dlibr - deliberatej discussj
ing the benefit of a public works contract withdraw to deliberate; reserve a judgment.
by way of security in order ta obtain a bank RAPPORT - dlibr sur rapport - con-
credit. sidered judgmentj judgment after delibera-
MUNICIPAL - dlgation municipale - in- tionj reserved judgment.
terim managing committee (to perform the SIGE - dlibr sur le sige - extempore
current administrative tasks of a town coun- judgment, ie where the court gives judgment
cil which has been dissolved or has resign.ed without retiring after consultation on the
en bloc). bench.
PARFAIT - dlgation parfaite - dlga-
tion ( qv) in which the persan instructing his DLICAT
debtor to pay his creditor himself ceases ta QUESTION dlicate - di:fficultyj ticklish,
be liable. nice question.
PAIEMENT - dlgation de paiement -
order (instruction) to pay (usually addressed DLICTUEL - in tort; tortious.
to a banker). QUASI - responsabilit quasi dlictuelle -
SIGNATURE - dlgation de signature - liability for negligence (non-intentional tort).
(administrative law) delegation of powers to
another public o:fficer. DLIMITATION
SOLDE - dlgation de solde - order to COMMISSION de dlimitation - boundary
pay one's salary directly to one's dependants. commission; frontier commission.
SOMME - dlgation de sommes - transfer
by court order of sums due ta one persan ta DLINQUANCE
another (eg a husband's earnings to his wife)i JUVENILE - dlinquance juvnile - juve-
transfer orderj assignment order . nile delinquency.
SPCIAL - dlgation spciale - interim
DLINQUANT - offender.
managing committee (to perform the current
ACCIDENTEL - dlinquant accidentel -
administrative tasks of a town council which
casual offender.
has been dissolved or has resigned en bloc).
VOTE - dlgation de vote - proxy; DIFFICILE - dlinquant difficile - hard-
core offender.
DLGU MINEUR dlinquant - juvenile delinquent.
PROBATION - dlgu la probation - PRIMAIRE - dlinquant primaire - first
probation o:fficer. offenderj persan prosecuted for the first time.
SCURIT - dlgu la scurit - secu-
ri ty commissioner. DLIT - (crim) (generally) offence; (specifi-
SNATORIAL - dlgu snatorial - sena- cally) misdemeanourj lesser indictable offence;
torial elector. ( civ) tort; (more specifically) intentional tort as
SYNDICAL - dlgu syndical - persan opposed to negligent or inadvertent tort (quasi-
representing a union in dealings with the dlit).
head of a businessj trade union's manage- ACCIDENTEL - dlit accidentel - casual
ment representative. offen ce.
DLIBRATIF AUDIENCE - dlit d'audience - the
VOIX - avec voix dlibrative - with a offence of disturbing judicial proceedings.
right ta votej entitled to vote; voting. CIVIL - dlit civil - intentional tort; tort.
COMMISSION - dlit de commission -
DLIBRATION - resolution taken after offence committed by an act (as opposed to
discussion; discussion; deliberationj decision. an omission).
DLIBR - consideration. of a judgment by CONSCIENCE - dlit de conscience -
the judges in chambersj deliberation(s). "crime" of conscience.
JUGE - renvoi au dlibr d'un juge - CONSOMM - dlit consomm - com-
arranging for the ad dresses to be heard by pleted offence.
DLGU DLIT
DLIVRANCE 73 DEMANDE
DLIVRANCE DEMANDE
DEMANDE 74 DEMI-DROIT
DEMANDE DEMI-DROIT
DPENDANCE 76 DPORT
DPENDANCE DPORT
DPORTER 77 DPT
DPORTER DPT
DPRCIATION 78 DSHRENCE
DPRCIATION DSHRENCE
DSUTUDE 80 DETTE
DSUTUDE DETTE
DETTE 81 DEVISE
COMMUNAUT- dette de la commu- PASSIF - dette passive - debt; liability to
naut - debt of the (marital) community. paya debt.
COMPTE - dette du compte courant - PORTABLE - dette portable - debt
debit balance on current account. payable at the creditor's residence or place
CORPS CERTAIN - dette de corps cer- of business.
tain - obligation to transfer specific goods. PRISE EN CHARGE d'une dette -
DEVISE - dette en devises trangres - assumption of liability for the obligation or
foreign-currency debt. debt of another.
CHU - dette chue - debt due, payable. PROMESSE de dette - formal unilateral
EMPRUNT - dette d'emprunt - funded obligation to pay or perform for which con-
debt. sideration is not required and usually not
ESPCE - dette d'espce - obligation to mentioned.
sell or deliver specific goods. QURABLE - dette qurable - debt
EXEMPT de dettes - free of debts; unen- payable at the debtor's residence or place
cumbered. of business.
EXIGIBLE - dette exigible~ debt due, RAPPORT des dettes - operation whereby
payable. an heir deducts from his share of the estate
FINANCIER - dette financire - financial his debts to the deceased or a coheir.
obligation. RECONNAISSANCE de dette - formal
FLOTTANT - dette flottante - fl.oating acknowledgement of a duty to pay or perform
debt; unfunded debt. for which consideration is not required and
FONCIER - dette foncire - charge on usually not mentioned.
land, ie a capital-sum payment of which (to- REMISE de dette - release from or waiver
gether with costs and interest if stipulated) is of a debt.
charged on land. No consideration is stated REPRENDRE une dette - undertake to
in the transaction, which, unlike a mortgage, satisfy the debt or perform the obligation of
does not purport to be the security for the another.
repayment of a loan. REPRISE de dette - undertaking to. sat-
GAGE - dette gage - secured debt. isfy the debt or perform the obligation of an-
GENRE - dette de genre - obligation to other.
transfer generic goods. SOCIAL - dette sociale - partnership or
HYPOTHCAIRE - dette hypothcaire - company debt.
mortgage debt. SOLIDAIRE - dette solidaire - debt or
IMMOBILIER - dette immobilire - en- obligation for _which several persons are
cumbrance; charge on land. jointly and severally liable.
IMPT - dette d'impt - tax owing; tax SUBROG la dette - person assuming
arrears. the liability to pay the debt or perform the
obligation of another.
JEU - dette de jeu _; gaming debt.
SUCCESSORAL - dette successorale._.
MARCHANDISE - dette sur marchan-
debt of the ( deceased's) estate.
dises - obligation to transfer or deliver
VIAGER - dette viagre - liability to pay
goods.
an annuity.
MASSE - dette de la masse - debt of the
bankruptcy arising out of the obligations en- DETTIER - person imprisoned for failing to
tered into by the trustee while administering pay a fine or taxes.
the assets and payable out of the bankrupt's
assets or estate before distribution to the
DEUXIME
creditors. CHANGE - deuxime de change - second
of exchange.
MOBILIER - dette mobilire - debt se-
cured on movables. DVIANCE - deviant behaviour.
NANTISSEMENT - dette garantie par
nantissement - debt guaranteed by ( collat- DEVIS - (detailed) estimate.
eral) securities. DEVISE - national or foreign currency; for ex-
OBLIGATAIRE - dette obligataire - change control purposes, any instrument entitling
debenture debt; bond. to P.ayment in a foreign currency.
DETTE DEVISE
DEVISE-TITRE 82 DILIGENCE
DVOLUTIF DILATOIRE
EFFET dvolutif - (of an application to set APPEL dilatoire - appeal entered to gain
aside) effect of bringing a default judgment time.
back to the court by which it was originally EXCEPTION dilatoire - defence raised to
decided; transfer of all issues of fact and law gain time, eg so as to decide whether to ac-
to a (higher) court (eg on appeal). cept a succession or give third-party notice
.. NORMAL - effet dvolutif normal - to a guarantor; application to stay the pro-
the normal transfer of jurisdiction. ceedings to allow time to make a decision or
comply with a formality.
DVOLUTION - passing; transfer; devolu- INTRT - dans un intrt dilatoire -
tion; transmission, in particular with regard to
with a view to protracting the proceedings;
the right of the paternal or maternal relations to
as a delaying tactic.
succeed to the whole of the estate on the failure
MANCEUVRES dilatoires - delaying tac-
of the other line.
tics.
COMPTENCE - dvolution de comp-
PROCDS dilatoires - delaying tactics.
tence - transfer of jurisdiction or powers.
HRDITAIRE - dvolution hrditaire - DILIGENCE - care; (in plural) steps in the
succession to an estate. proceedings.
SUCCESSION - dvolution de la succes- - est fait la diligence du juge - must
sion - order of devolution of property. be clone by the judge.
DEVISE-TITRE DILIGENCE
DISCRTIONNAIRE 84 DISPOSITION
DISCRTIONNAIRE DISPOSITION
DISPOSITION 85 DISTRIBUTION
DISPOSITION DISTRIBUTION
DISTRICT 86 DOCTRINE
DISTRICT DOCTRINE
DOMICILE 88 DOMMAGE
DOMICILE DOMMAGE
DOMMAGEABLE 89 DONATION-PARTAGE
INTGRAL - dommage intgral - total MANUEL - don manuel - gift from hand
loss. to hand.
INTENTION de causer un dommage -
DONATAIRE- donee.
intention to injure.
MATRIEL - dommage matriel - damage DONATEUR- donor.
to property; pecuniary (material) damage.
MORAL - dommage moral - non-pecuniary
DONATION - gift; donation; voluntary settle-
ment.
(non-material) damage.
ACTE de donation - instrument ( deed) of
OBJET du dommage - thing (property)
gift; settlement.
damaged.
BIEN - donation de biens venir - settle-
OCCUPATION - dommage d'occupation
ment of future assets.
- occupation damage, ie damage caused by
CHARGE - donation avec charge - gift
the occupying authorities or members ofthe
with a condition attached; gift subject to a
occupation forces.
condition or obligation.
PATRIMONIAL - dommage patrimonial -
CONTRAT de donation - contract of gift;
pecuniary damage; economic loss.
voluntary settlement.
PCUNIAIRE - dommage pcuniaire -
DGUIS- donation dguise - simulated
pecuniary damage; pecuniary loss.
transaction (eg a sale) concealing a gift.
PERSONNE - dommage aux personnes -
MANUEL - donation manuelle - gift from
persona! (physical, bodily) injury.
hand to hand.
PERSONNEL - dommage personnel - per-
MUTUEL - donation mutuelle - reciprocal
sona! (physical, bodily) injury.
donation; mutual gifts.
RGLEMENT des dommages - assessment
1 OBLIGATOIRE - donation obligatoire -
of damages.
gift made in fulfilment. of a moral obligation.
RESPONSABILIT pour les dommages -
ONREUX - donation onreuse - gift with
liability for damage; damages.
a condition attached; gift subject to a condi-
RICOCHET - dommage par ricochet -
tion or obligation.
indirect damage suffered by dependants (or
PERSONNE INTERPOSE - donation
others similarly situated) from the death or
par personne interpose - indirect dona-
injury of a victim.
tion.
SUBJ - dommage subi - damage suffered.
PRCIPUTAIRE - donation prciputaire
SURVENANCE d'un dommage - occur-
- money, chattels or land which the surviving
rence of damage. spouse is entitled to take from the commu-
TIERS - dommage aux tiers - damage nity property before partition.
caused to third parties. PROPTER NUPTIAS - donation propter
VICTIME du dommage - injured party. nuptia& - donation in consideration of mar-
DOMMAGEABLE - injurious; harmful. riage by the future spouse or a third-party.
RMUNERATOIRE - donation rmun-
DOMMAGES-INTRTS - damages; ratoire - gift in consideration of past ser-
compensation; reparation. vices.
ACTION en dommages-intrts - action RVOCATION de (d'une) donation - re-
for (in) damages. vocation of a gift.
COMPENSATOIRE - dommages-intrts ACTION en rvocation de (d'une)
compensatoires - damages for failure to per- donation - action to revoke a gift.
. form; damages for breach of contract. TESTAMENTAIRE - donation testamen-
FIXATION des dommages-intrts - taire - testamentary gift; gift by will.
assessment of damages. USAGE - donation d'usage - customary
MORATOIRE - dommages-intrts mora- (traditional) gift.
toires - damages for late performance, for VIF - donation entre vifs - donation inter
delay; default interest. vivos (between living persons).
DON - gift; donation. DONATION-PARTAGE- inter vivos dis-
ARGENT - don en argent - money gift; tribution of the estate among the presumptive
gift of money. heirs.
DOMMAGEABLE DONATION-PARTAGE
DONNER 90 DROIT
DONNER DROIT
DROIT 92 DROIT
DROIT DROIT
DROIT 93 DROIT
DROIT DROIT
DROIT 94 DROIT
DROIT DROIT
DROIT 96 DROIT
DROIT. DROIT
DROIT 97 DROIT
DROIT DROIT
DROIT 98 DROIT
DROIT DROIT
DROIT 100 DROIT
DROIT DROIT
DTS 101 DURET
DURET
EAU CRIT
E
EAU TERME d'chance - date of payment.
ADJACENT - eaux adjacentes - coastal
waters. CHEC - breakdown (of marriage).
CTIER - eaux ctires - coastal waters.
INTRIEUR - eaux intrieures - national CHEL(L)AGE - easement entitling the
or domestic waters, ie waters within the owner of the dominant property to place ladders
baseline of the territorial sea. on the servient property.
RGLEMENT d'eau - apportionment CHELLE
(allocation) of water rights (between ripar- MOBILE - chelle mobile des peines -
ian owners); water regulations. graduated scale of sentences.
TERRITORIAL - eaux territoriales - ter-
ritorial waters. CHELON
CONTIGU - eaux territoriales con- ANCIENNET - chelon d'anciennet -
tigus - contiguous ( adjoining) territo- seniority; salary step; increment.
rial waters.
HIRARCHIQUE- chelon hirarchique
BRANLEMENT - rank; grade.
LIEN CONJUGAL - branlement du lien
conjugal - weakening of the marriage bond; CHELONNEMENT
breakdown of the marriage. PAIEMENT - chelonnement des paie-:
ments - payment by instalments.
CARTER - (of a presumption) rebut.
DEMANDE - carter une demande - dis- CHEVIN - alderman; (Belg) deputy mayor;
miss an application. (Can) town councillor. (Also used in translations
RGLE - les rgles de droit commun sont to designate the non-professional members of a
cartes pour les notifications entre avo- court or tribunal.)
cats - the general rules do not apply to sim-
plified service (of documents) between coun- CHEVINAL
sel. FORMATION - en formation chevinale
CHANGE - (of a court) sitting with non-professional
SOULTE - change avec soulte - exchange members.
with payment of the difference.
CHOUER - fail.
CHANTILLON - sample.
VENT~ sur chantillon - sale by sample. CLAIRER
JURIDICTION - lorsque la juridiction
CHANCE - due date; date payable; date of s'estime claire - when the court considers
expiry (expiration); maturity; date on which an it is suffi.ciently informed.
obligation must be performed.
DLAI - chance du dlai - expiry of the COLE
term or time(-limit). MAGISTRATURE - cole nationale de
DTERMIN - une chance dter- la magistrature - Legal Service Training
mine - at a fixed date. College.
MOYEN - chance moyenne - average
due date. CONOMIE - structure (scheme, logic) (of a
PROROGATION d'chance - extension of convention); tenor (of a provision).
time.
REMBOURSEMENT - chance de rem- COT (Sw) - bill of costs.
boursement - dat:e of repayment.
TERME - chance du terme - expiry of CRIT
the term or time(-limit); becoming due (of a DIFFAMATOIRE - crit diffamatoire -
debt, bill, etc). li bel.
EAU CRIT
EFFET 105 EFFRACTION
default judgment back to the court by which PLACE - effet sur place - local bill; town
it was originally decided; transfer of all issues bill.
of fact and law to a (higher) court (eg on PRIV d'effet - ineffectual; unenforceable,
appeal). PROROGATION d'un effet - extension of
NORMAL - effet dvolutif normal - a bill.
the normal transfer of jurisdiction, PROTEST - effet protest - protested
DOMICILIE - effet domicili - domiciled bill.
bill. PROTESTER un effet - protest a bill.
CHANCE - effet chance- bill PROTT d'un effet - protest.
payable on a fixed day. PUBLIC - effets publics - government
CHU - effet chu - matured bill. securi ties,
METTEUR d'un effet - issuer (drawer) of RECOUVREMENT d'un effet - collection
a bill. of a bill.
ENCAISSEMENT - effet l'encaissement RECOUVRER - effet recouvrer - bill for
- bill for collection, collection.
ERGA OMNES - effet erga omnes - effect RELATIF - effet relatif - effect as between
binding on everyone (the whole world); effect the parties,
in rem (erga omnes). CONTRAT - effet relatif des contrats
ESCOMPTE - effet l'escompte - bill for - (doctrine of) privity of contract, ie a
discount. contract is binding only on the parties to
ESCOMPT - effet escompt - discounted it and does not impose burdens or confer
bill. ben.e:fits on third parties.
TRANGER - effet l'tranger - foreign RENOUVELLEMENT d'un effet - renewal
bill. (extension) of a bill.
FICTIF - effet fictif- accommodation bill; RSOLUTOIRE (RSOLUTIF) - effet
kite. rsolutoire (rsolutif) - effect of annulling
FINANCIER - effet financier - accommo- ( cancelling, rescinding) a contract.
dation bill; finance bill. RETIRER un effet - withdraw a bHl,
INTRIEUR - effet sur l'intrieur - inland RETOUR d 1effets - redrafti re-exchnge~
bill; domestic bill. RETRAIT d'effet - withdrawing a bill.
INTER PARTES - effet inter partes - RTROACTIF - effet rtroactif - retro-
effect as between the parties. spective effect.
IRRCOUVRABLE - effet irrcouvrable S,ORTIR ses effets - become f'ffective.
- irrecoverable bill. SOUFFRANCE - effet e~ilquff:t<j,p,,e - bill
LIBRATOIRE - effet libratpire - effect held over; overdue bill.
of releasing from liability. SUSPENSIF - effet suspensif - suspensive
LONGUEUR d'un effet - currency of a bill. effect.
MATRIEL - effet matriel - substantive TIRER i+n effet - draw a qill.
effect (cet avant-acte ne peut produire au- COMPTE ~ effet tir pour ompte -
cun effet matriel - this precontract has no bill drawn on a bank on behalf of an-
substantive effect), other ( eg a documentary credit ).
MOBILIER - effets mobiliers - movables; RSOR - effet du Trsor - Treasury bill,
chattels. UTILE - principe P-e l'effet utile - the
MOBILISATION - effet de mobilisation - principle o'f effectivel].eS~ (t j;e~ ffiagis valeat
finance bill. quam pereat) j the principle that wht<re pos-
NANTISSEMENT- effet en nantissement sible a transaction or document sh.ould be
'--'- bill deposited as a security; pawned bill, interpreted in a manner that renders it effec-
NOURRICE - effet en nourrice - bill de- tive.
posited as a security; pawned bill. VUE - effet vue - sight bill.
PAYER - effets payer~ bills payable.
EFFECTIF
PENSION - effet en pension___: bill de.:.
PERSONNEL - effectif rel du personnel.
posited as a seurity; pawned bill.
- staff 'in service.
PERSONNEL - effets personnls - per- ;~
EFFET EFFRACii'IN'
GALIT 106 LIRE
GALIT LIRE
LOIGNEMENT 107 EMPLOI
LOIGNEMENT EMPLOI
EMPLOY 108 ENCHRISSEUR
EMPLOY ENCHRISSEUR
ENCLAVANT 109 ENGAGEMENT
ENCLAVANT ENGAGEMENT
ENQUTEUR lll ENTRE
ENQUTEUR ENTRE
ENTREPT 112 ENTRER
ENTREPT ENTRER
ENTRETENIR 113 ERREUR
corne into operation; (Act, regulations, rules, POUX - husband; spouse; party to a
etc) commence. marri age.
ABANDONN - poux abandonn -
ENTRETENIR - provide maintenance; main-
deserted spouse.
tain; pay maintenance.
COMMUN - poux commun (en biens) -
ENTRETIEN spouse living in community of property.
OBLIGATION d'entretien - duty to maii::t- COMMUNAUT entre poux - commu-
tain a persan or keep a building in repair. nity of property (between spouses); marital
REFUS d'entretien - refusal to pay mainte- community.
nance (to maintain). DFENDEUR - poux dfendeur - re-
NUMRATION spondent (divorce proceedings).
PICE - numration des pices - listing DEMANDEUR - poux demandeur - peti-
of documents (with a view to obtaining dis- tioner (divorce proceedings).
covery). PREUVE
ENVELOPPE INVITABLE - preuve invitable - un-
BUDGTAIRE - enveloppe budgtaire - avoidable hardship.
budget package. MISE l'preuve - probation.
ENVOI PUISEMENT
ACTE d'envoi. en possession - authority to RECOURS
take possession of an estate (document). INTERNE - puisement des recours
FORC - vente par envoi forc - unsolic- internes - exhaustion of domestic reme-
ited postal sale. dies.
FRAIS d'envoi - forwarding expenses. VOIE -puisement des voies de re-
POSSESSION PROVISOIRE - envoi en cours - exhaustion of the (available)
possession provisoire - provisional authority remedies.
to take possession.
REBUT - envoi tomb en rebut.- undeliv- QUIPOLLENT
erable ( dead) letter. THORIE des quipollents - rule that
REMBOURSEMENT - envoi contre rem- a prescribed formality may be replaced by
boursement - cash on delivery. something equivalent.
ENVOY QUITABLE - fair; reasonable .
EXTRAORDINAIRE - envoy extraordi-
naire - special envoy; envoy extraordinary. QUIT - fairness; reasonableness; taking ac-
(
count of the particular circumstances of the indi-
ENVOYER
vidual case; equity in the non-technical sense.
POSSESSION - envoyer en possession -
JUGER en quit - decide on equitable
put in possession of an estate.
principles (ex aequo et bono).
PARGNE
LIVRET d'pargne - (savings) passbook.
QUIVALENCE
MATRIMONIAL - pargnes matrimo- TITRE - quivalence de titres - equiva-
niales - savings during the marriage (forming lence of qualifications.
part of the matrimonial property). QUIVOQUE- uncertainty or ambiguity (eg
PAVE - lost (but not abandoned) movable as to the date in a document); ambiguous nature
property; wreck; remnant; abject abandoned by (eg of acts performed by a persan apparently in
its owner. possession).
ENTRETENIR ERREUR
ESTIMATION 115 TAT
ESTIMATION TAT
TAT 116 TAT
ACCUSATION - tre en tat d'accusation CONTESTATION - action en contesta-
- be the subject of a prosecution; have pro- tion d'tat - action to disprove one's descent
ceedings taken against one. from one's ostensible parents; action to dis-
ACTION d'tat - action to establish, con- prove a person's apparent status, descent or
test or change one's personal status ( descent, nationality.
marriage, etc); status action. CONTRACTANT - tat contractant -
AFFAIRE en tat - case ready for hearing, contracting state.
ready for trial. CRISE - tat de crise - state of emergency .
AGENT d'tat - civil servant; state em- DPENS - tat des dpens - bill of costs;
ployee. statement of expenditure.
BELLIGRANCE - tat de belligrance - DESCRIPTIF - tat descriptif- descrip-
state of belligerency. tion.
BELLIGRANT - tat belligrant - bel- DIVISION - tat descriptif de divi-
ligerent state. sion - description of the division of the
BLOCUS - tat de blocus - blockade. property.
CARENCE - tat de carence - absence of DETTE - tat des dettes - statement or
goods capable of being attached. list of debts.
CA USE - en tout tat de cause - at any DISTRIBUTION - tat de distribution
stage of the proceedings. - distribution scheme; apportionment plan;
CHARGE - tat de charges - list of en- plan of distribution; distribution of work.
cumbrances. DOMICILE - tat du domicile - state of
CIVIL - tat civil - civil status; registry ordinary residence (see DOMICILE).
of births, deaths and marriages; population DROIT - tat de droit - (state governed
register; marital status. by) the rule of law.
ACTE de l'tat civil - civil-status GLISE - tat de l'glise - Vatican City
record (entry) or certificate. St a te.
EXTRAIT de l'tat civil - civil-status EN tat - ready for decision; ready for trial.
certificate.
TENIR - le criminel tient le civil en
FALSIFICATION de l'tat civil - tat - civil proceedings for damages
forgery or falsification of civil-status cer-
arising out of a criminal offence must
tificates (documents or records relating await the outcome of the criminal trial.
to civil status).
EN l'tat - as matters stand (stood); as the
OFFICIER de l'tat civil - registration
case stands (stood).
officer; registrar.
IRRECEVABLE en l'tat - inadmissi-
PICE d'tat civil - civil-status certifi-
ble in the current state of the file.
cate.
ENTRETIEN - tat d'entretien - state of
REGISTRE d'tat (de l'tat) civil -
repair.
population register; register of births,
deaths and marriages. ENVOI - tat d'envoi - sending state.
COLLOCATION - tat de collocation TABLISSEMENT - tat d'tablissement
- list of creditors, debts and available as- - state in whic~ a person has established his
sets (in bankruptcy); order of preference in residence.
bankruptcy. EXCEPTION - tat d'exception - state of
COMPTABLE - tat comptable - state- emergency; martial law.
ment of accounts. EXCUTOIRE - tat excutoire - enforce-
CONSEIL d'tat - highest administrative able order for costs.
court and government adviser on questions FAIRE tat de - rely on; establish.
arising in connection with legislation (not ATTITUDE,.... faire tat de cette
usually translated); State Council. attitude comme constituant - treat
CONSOMMATION this attitude as constituting.
CRDIT - tat de consommation des FAIT - tat de faits - facts; statement of
crdits - (statement of the) amount of facts; factual situation.
appropriations used; (statement of) utili- FONCTIONNAIRE d'tat - civil servant.
sation of appropriations. FONDS de l'tat - public money.
TAT TAT
TAT 117 TAT
FONDS d'tat - government bonds (securi- of the flag.
ties, stock). PERSONNE - tat des personnes - civil
FRAIS - tat de frais - statement of costs; (personal, family status).
order for costs. PONTIFICAL - tats pontificaux - Papal
HYPOTHCAIRE - tat hypothcaire - States.
statement (list) of mortgages. POSSESSION - tat de possession - posi-
INVENTORI - tat inventori - inven-
tion established by actual occupation.
tory.
POSSESSION d'tat - actual enjoyment of
LIEU - tat du lieu de la situation - state
a certain civil (personal, family) status; pub-
in which the object is situated.
lic acceptance of a person's status; factual
LIEU - tat des lieux - state of the pre-
possession of status; de facto enjoyment of a
mises; inventory of fixtures.
certain status, eg the prerogatives of citizen-
LIMITROPHE - tat limitrophe - neigh-
ship; enjoyment of status by repute.
bouring (bordering) state; border (frontier)
state. PRVISION
LIQUIDATIF - tat liquidatif- statement DPENSE - tat de prvision de
of amount due; settlement statement; final dpenses - estimate of future expen-
scheme of division in a partition. diture.
MANDATAIRE - tat mandataire - RECETTE - tat de prvision de re-
mandatory state, ie a state holding a League cettes - estimate of future revenue.
of Nations mandate. PRVISIONNEL - tat prvisionnel -
MEMBRE - tat membre - member state. budget estimates; estimates; budget.
METTRE en tat - prepare (a case) for PROTECTEUR - tat protecteur - pro-
trial; make (a case) ready for hearing; put tecting state; protecting power,
in order; put (premises) into repair. PROTG - tat protg - protected
SE mettre en tat - (as required of a state; protectorate.
convicted offender who is appealing on
QUESTION d'tat - matter relating to civil
points of law) surrender to custody.
(personal, family) status.
MEUBLE - tat de meubles - list of mov-
RCLAMATION - (action en) rclama-
able property.
tion d'tat - action to establish descent from
MISE en tat - preparation (of a case) for
a parent (legitimacy).
trial; making (a case) ready for hearing;
putting in or der; putting (premises) into re- RECTIFICATIF - tat rectificatif - corri-
pair; (required of a convicted offender who is gendum.
appealing on points of law) surrender(ing) to RENTE sur l'tat - state annuity; state
custody. pension.
MI-SOUVERAIN - tat mi-souverain - RPARTITION - tat de rpartition -
semi-sovereign state. apportionment plan.
NANT - tat nant - negative report; nil REQURANT - tat requrant - appli-
return. cant state; requesting state.
NCESSIT - tat de ncessit- (state REQUIS - tat requis - requested state.
of) necessity; defence of necessity. RSIDENCE - tat de rsidence - state of
NEUTRE - tat neutre - neutral state, residence,
NOMINATIF - tat nominatif- list of
REVERSEMENT - tat de reversement -
names; nominal roll.
enforceable repayment order.
MARGEMENT - tat nominatif
RIVERAIN - tat riverain - riparian
d'margement - list of names with a
state.
column for signatures.
NUMRIQUE - tat numrique -'- nilmeri- SCURIT de l'tat - national security.
cal return. SJOUR - tat de sjour - state of tempo-
PARCELLAIRE - tat parcellaire - copy rary residence.
of the official plan and description of a piece SERVICE - tat de services - record of
of land. service.
PAVILLON - tat du pavillon - state SIGE - tat de sige - martial law; state
whose flag is flown by a ship or aircraft; state of emergency.
TAT TAT
TATIQUE 118 VASION
TATIQUE VASION
VNEMENT 119 EXCEPTJON
VNEMENT EXCEPTION
EXCEPTION 120 EXCS
EXCEPTION EXCS
EXCESSIF 121 EXCUTION
EXCESSIF EXCUTION
EXCUTION 122 EXCUTION
EXCUTION EXCUTION
EXCUTOIRE 123 EXORBITANT
EXCUTOIRE EXORBITANT
EXPOSER 125 EXTRADITION
EXPOSER EXTRADITION
EXTRAIT 126 EXTRA-TERRITORIAL
EXTRAIT EXTRA-TERRITORIAL
FABRICANT FAILLITE
F
FABRICANT DNONCIATION - facult de dnoncia-
MONNAIE - fabricant de fausse monnaie tion - right to (give notice to) terminate;
- forger; coiner. right to denounce (a treaty).
DROIT - facult de droit - law faculty;
FABRICATION
school of jurisprudence.
MONNAIE - fabrication de fausse mon-
OPTION - facult d'option - option.
naie - counterfeiting coinage; forgery.
PROPORTION - proportion de leurs
SECRET de fabrication - manufacturing
facults respectives - according to their re-
secret.
spective resources.
FABRIQUE PUR - de pure facult - in the exercise of
MARQUE de fabrique - trade mark. one's own right.
SECRET de fabrique - manufacturing RACHAT - facult de rachat - right of
secret. (option to) repurchase; vendor's right of pre-
emption.
FACERIE- pasturing agreement.
RENONCIATION - facult de renoncia-
FACILIT tion - right or power to renounce (waive).
CAISSE - facilits de caisse - short-term
FAIBLE
bank credits; overdraft facility.
ESPRIT - faible d'esprit - imbecile; men-
FACTIEUX- (violent) agitator. tally deficient; feeble-minded.
FACTURATION - invoicing. FAILLI- bankrupt.
CONCORDATAIRE - failli concordataire
FACTURE- bill; invoice.
- bankrupt who has entered into a composi-
ACCEPT - facture accepte - accepted
tion with his creditors.
mv01ce.
ACQUITT - facture acquitte - receipted FAILLITE - bankruptcy (of a trader); compul-
mvo1ce. sory liquidation of a company.
FICTIF - facture fictive - pro-forma in- ASSIGNATION en dclaration de faillite -
voice. presentation of a bankruptcy petition.
SIMUL - facture simule - fictitious in- CRANCIER de la faillite - creditor in the
voice; pro-forma invoice. bankruptcy.
DCLARATION de faillite - (by the court)
FACTURE-CONG- consignment note
adjudication; (by the debtor) application for
issued against security.
the commencement of bankruptcy proceed-
FACTURIER- invoice book. ings .
FAIRE faillite - become, be declared,
FACULTATIF- optional; discretionary.
bankrupt; (of a company) be in compulsory
FACULT- right; power; option; (in plural) liquidation .
goods; cargo. MASSE de la faillite - bankrupt's assets;
ABANDON - facult d'abandon de mi- estate of a deceased bankrupt; assets of a
toyennet - right to give up one's rights in a company in compulsory liquidation.
party wall (fence, ditch, etc). OFFICE des faillites (Sw) - execution and
ACTION - facult d'action - cause of bankruptcy department (for persans engaged
action; right to bring an action. in trade).
AVOIR la facult de - be open to (someone OUVERTURE de la faillite - commence-
to do something). ment of bankruptcy.
CONTRIBUTIF - facult contributive - PERSONNEL - faillite personnelle - cul-
taxable ca'pacity. pable bankruptcy (involving sanctions im-
DCibER - laisse au juge la facult de posed personally in bankruptcy on dishon-
dcider - .gives the court power to decide. est or rashly imprudent traders or company
FABRICANT FAILLITE
FALSIFICATION 129 FAUTE
FALSFICATION FAUTE
FAUTEUR 130 FAUX
FAUTEUR FAUX
FAVORISER 131 FILIATION
FAVORISER FILIATION
FONCIER 133 FONCTIONNAIRE
FONCIER FONCTIONNAIRE
FONCTIONNEMENT 134 FONDS
FONCTIONNEMENT FONDS
FONDS 135 FORCE
FONDS FORCE
FORMALISER 137 FORTUIT
FORMALISER FORTUIT
FORTUNE 138 FRAIS
FORTUNE FRAIS
FRAIS 139 FRANCHISE
FH!AlS FRANCHISE
FRANCHISSEMENT 140 FUITE
FRANCHISSEMENT FUITE
FUSION 141 FUTURUM
FUSION FUTU.RUM
GAGE GARANTIE
G
GAGE - pledge; pawn; security. GAGNANT
ACTE constitutif de gage - con tract of PARTIE gagnante - successful party.
pledge.
AVANCE sur gage - loan on the security of GAGNER
a pledge. MANQUE gagner - loss of earnings or
BAILLEUR de gage - pledgor. profit (lucrum cessans).
CONSTITUANT de gage - pledgor.
CONSTITUER un gage - make or give a GAIN
pledge (security). CAPITAL - gain en capital - capital gain.
CRANCIER - gage des cranciers - secu- CA USE - avoir gain de cause - win (a
rity of one's creditors. case).
DTENTEUR de gage - pledgee. FORTUNE - gain de fortune - increase in
DONNER en gage - pledge. .one's assets (fortune).
DONNEUR de gage - pledgor. HORAIRE - gain horaire - hourly remu-
DROIT de gage - creditor's right to retain, neration (wage).
sell and pay himself out of the proceeds of PERTE de gain (Sw) - loss of earnings.
the object pledged; pledgee's rights; lien; SURVIE - gain de survie - advantage
pledge; security. accruing to the survivor.
BAILLEUR - droit de gage du bail-
leur - landlord's lien for rent. GARANT- surety; guarantor.
GNRAL - un droit de gage gnral PORTER - se porter garant de - stand
sur le patrimoine de son dbiteur - a surety for; go bail for; guarantee.
"fioating" charge over the debtor's prop-
erty, ie the creditor's right to enforce his GARANTI - person for whom a security or
claim against the debtor's entire prop- guarantee is given.
erty. GARANTIE - guarantee; warranty; security;
HYPOTHCAIRE - gage hypothcaire - safeguard; (insurance) cover.
mort gage.
ABSTRAIT - garantie abstraite - security
IM~OBILIER- gage immobilier - real
without possession.
security; mortgage.
ACCORD de garantie - guarantee agree-
LETTRE de gage - pledge certi:ficate.
MISE en gage - pledging; pawning; giving ment .
as security. ACTION en garantie - action to enforce
MOBILIER - gage mobilier - movable a guarantee or warranty; share certificate
security; security in the form of movables; deposited as a security.
pledge; pawn. APPEL en garantie - proceedings against
OBJET de (en) gage - thing pledged or the guarantor which may take the form of
pawned . giving third-party notice.
PRTER sur gage - lend on the security of APPELER en garantie - have recourse to
pledges . (proceed against) the guarantor.
PRTEUR sur gage - pawnbroker; person ASSIGNATION en garantie - action to
who lends on the security of pledges. enforce a guarantee or warranty.
PRISE en gage - taking something as a BANCAIRE - garantie bancaire - bank
pledge or security. guarant~e,
RALISATibN du gage - sale of the CLAUSE de garantie - guarantee clause;
pledge; realisation of the security. warranty,
RETIRER un gage - redeem a pledge. COLLATRAL - garantie collatrale -
TITRE de gage - document of title to a collateral guarantee; collc:i,teral warranty.
pledge.
DLAI de garantie - period covered by a
GAGISTE- pledgee. guarantee or warranty.
GAGE GARANTIE
GARANTIE 144 GARDIEN
GARANTIE GARDIEN
GRACIEUX 146 GROSS]}
; 'A: ., .
GRIEUX : -. li'R'OSS'.E
GROSSOYER 147 GUERRE
GROSSOYER GUERRE
HABILE HRDIT
H
HABILE HALAGE
SUCCDER - habile succder - having SERVITUDE de halage - duty of a riparian
capacity to inherit. owner to leave space for a towpath alongsid
TESTER - habile tester - capable of a navigable waterway.
making a will.
HANDICAP - disabled.
HABILITANT - enabling.
FORMALITS habilitantes - formalities HARMONIE
enabling a contract to be entered into on be- MISE en harmonie - consequential amend-
half of an incapable; enabling formalities. ment.
HABILITATION - authorisation enabling a HAUTE COUR DE JUSTICE - see '
person under an incapacity to do certain acts, or COUR.
conferring an authority on an official.
LGISLATIF - habilitation lgislative - HAUTE MER - see MER.
statutory authotisation.
LOI d'habilitation - Act authorising the HAUTEUR
govemment to legislate by regulation; en- PROCDURE - toute hauteur de la
abling Act. procdure - at any stage of the proceedings.
HABILITER - authorise a person to do some- HBERGE - height of the roof of the lower of
thing which he would otherwise be legally inca- two buildings separated by a wall.
pable of doing; empower; enable.
AGENTS spcifiquement habilits - offi- HBERGEMENT
cers specifically authorised in that behalf (for DROIT d'hbergement - right to receive
that purpose). visits from a child in the care ( custody) of
SUCCDER - habilit succder - having another; staying access.
capacity to inherit.
HRDITAIRE - hereditary; passing on suc-
HABITATION - occasional residence; right to cess10p..
occupy the house of another for the requirem~nts CRANCIER hrditaire - creditor of the
of oneself and one's family (for life). estate.
BON MARCH-see MARCH below. RSERVE hrditaire - reserved portion
BOURGEOIS - habitation bourgeoise - (of a deceased's estate).
use as a private dwelling-house only.
LOCAL d'habitation - living accommoda- HRDIT - succession; estate (of a deceased
tion; dwelling. person).
LOYER ACTION
MODR - habitation loyer modr PTITION - action en ptition
- low-rent fiat; rent-controlled premises. d'hrdit - action to obtain posses-
MARCH - habitation bon march - sion of an estate from a persop. claiming
low-rent fiat; rent-controlled premises. to be the heir; action to daim (a share
MEUBL - habitation meuble - fumished in) an estate.
premises. REVENDICATION - action en reven-
USAGE - usage d'habitation - residen-
dication d'hrdit - action to obtain
tial. possession of an estate from a person not
HABITUDE claiming as heir or under a will.
COMMERCIAL - habitude commerciale - ADI'l'ION d'hrdit - acceptance of a suc-
commercial usage. cession.
MALFAITEUR d'habitude - habitua! crim- JACENT - hrditjacente - vacant suc-
inal (offender). cession; unclaimed estate.
HABILE HRDIT
HIRARCHIQUEMENT 151 HTEL
HIR!A'.RGHIQUEMENT HTEL
HUIS 152 HYPOTHSE
HUIS HYPOTHSE
IDAL IMMOBILISATION
1
IDAL - national. ILLICIT - unlawfulness; illegality.
QUOTE-PART idale- national share,
ILLICITE - unlawful; illegal; wrongful.
IDALEMENT - notionally.
CLOS - (espace) idalement cloio - notion- ILLIMIT - perpetual.
ally enclosed (space).
IMMATRICULATION - registration (of a
IDENTIQUE company, ship, etc).
REXPORTER l'identique - re-export PORT d'immatriculation - home port.
unchanged (in the same condition). REGISTRE
COMMERCE - immatriculation au
IDENTIT
regiStre du commerce - registration in
CONSTATATION d'identit - finding or
the commercial registry (register).
establishment of a person's identity; a finding
that two things are identical. IMMATRICULE- number allotted to a
CONTRLE d'identit - identity check. bailiff when his name is entered on the roll.
FALSIFICATION d'identit - forgery of HUISSIER - immatricule d'huissier -
identity documents. bailiff's court-registration number.
INTERROGATOIRE d'identit - exam-
ination to establish identity; examination IMMATRICULER- enter; register.
( questioning) as to one's personal particulars.
HJDICIAIRE :- (service de) l'identitju,. IMMEUBLE - immovable; plot; parcel; (piece
diciaire - cri~inal identification depp,rtment; of) land; h.~reditament; building; messuage; real
criminal records office. prqperty; (leljs tech11ic;:1.lly) p1:J.ilding~'.
! CONSl.Y:LAIR~ - im!f!eubl~ co:g,13lai.r~ -
JUSTIFIER de son identit - prove one's
identity. consulate building.
RE.JCONNAISSA. H;1E d'if'J.e:tit - estab-
1 P,EST~tfAT:J:O~ - immeuble pip: qestin<i:=
lishment of a perso:q's idel!tity. tion - statutqry imrovable; ~h.q,ttel F~al.
TI~RE d'identit - identity do~rnent. DOMMAGE!~ ~~x immeuble11 - damage to
VRIFI-A.TlQN q'identit - forcible lf!.nd (itn4 pildh1J!;s).
checking of ~ persqn's identity py the POTAL - izp.ip.euql~ gp,taj - qqWfY land;
police involvi~g his detent~on ~m the premises s:pouse's settleq lan~:
during the process; identity ch~clc. GRANT d'hnmell'J:>les - ~state (pi;qperty)
p,:tan(i,ge~j !Jimt f:Ollectqf:
IGNORANCE
ffABiATlP!l!I- immeul:>le rn~age d'habi-
DROIT - ignorance du droit - igp.or&nf:f3 qf
the law. tl:).tfo:i:! - gwelling.,.fiqu~ei re!3ide!ltial premises.
RAf.f Q:f:l - !p:rmeqle d~ ra,pport - house
ILLGAL - illegal; unlawful; (of a court deci- let to. t~p.ants; :i;ented howi~:
sion) erroneous; wrong in law.
IMMOBILIER -,immovabl~.
ILLGALEMENT - unlawfully; illegally. BIENS immobiliers - immovable property;
real estate.
ILLGALIT - illegality; unlawfulness; incor-
rectness (in law) of a court decision. CARACTRE - avoir un caractre im-
EXCEPTION d'illgalit - defence or ob-
mobilier - be deemed to be land; be treated
notionally as land ..
jection allegng (the) illegality (of an admin.,.
istrative regulation relied on by the other DROIT immobilier - the' law of real prop-
party). erty; right relating to an immovable (land).
IDAL.-... IMMOBILISATION
IMPORT 155 IMPT
IMPORT' IMPT
IMPT 156 IMPT
iMPT IMPT
IMPRESCRIPTIBILIT 157 INAPPLICATION
SALAIRE - impt sur les salaires - salaries IMPUBRE - under marriageable age.
tax; wages tax; payroll tax.
SOCIT - impt sur les socits - corpo- IMPUBERT - being under marriageable
ration tax. age.
SOMPTUAIRE - impt somptuaire - lux-
ury tax.
IMPUISSANCE- impotence.
SOURCE d'impts - source of tax. IMPUTABILIT - the fact of requiring to be
SPECTACLE - impt sur les spectacles - taken into account (eg in calculating a sentence);
entertainment tax. imputability.
SUCCESSION - impt sur les successions
NON-imputabilit - absence of guilt;
- inheritance tax; succession duty.
absence of criminal responsibility (owing to
SUPERBNFICE - impt sur les super-
insanity or duress).
bnfices - excess-profits tax.
SUPPLMENTAIRE - impt supplmen- IMPUTABLE - requiring to be taken into
taire - additional tax. account; imputable, ie for which a person may be
SYNTHTIQUE - impts synthtiques - called upon to answer.
general taxes; comprehensive taxes.
TRANSFERT - impt sur les transferts de IMPUTATION - taking into account; accu-
capital - (capital) transfer tax; conveyancing sation; setting off ( against); charging (to budget
duty. etc).
TRANSMISSION - impts sur les trans- BUDGTAIRE - imputation budgtaire -
missions titre onreux - (capital) transfer budgetary coding.
tax; conveyancing duty. DIFFAMATOIRE - imputation diffama-
TRANSPORT - impt sur les transports - toire - defamatory allegation; innuendo.
transport tax.
UNIQUE - impt unique - standard tax. IMPUTER - take into account; accuse; charge
VERSEMENT des impts - payment of (to budget etc).
taxes. SUR - impu_ter sur - set off against; charge
to.
IMPRESCRIPTIBILIT- non-applicabili-
ty of statutory limitation; indefeasibility. IN ABSTRACTO - according to an abstract
standard; with reference to the ordinary man,
IMPRESCRIPTIBLE - not subject to limi- reasonable contractor, etc.
tation; not capable of being acquired by prescrip-
APPRCIER - la faute du propritaire
tion; indefeasible.
est apprcie in abstracto - the owner's
IMPRVISIBILIT - unforeseeability. fault is judged according to an objective
standard (ie the conduct of a reasonable
IMPRVISIBLE - unforeseeable. owner).
IMPRVISION - unforeseeability. INADMISSIBLE- (of an administrative de-
THORIE de l'imprvision - doctrine per- cision being challenged) unreasonable.
mitting the modification of, or release from,
a contract owing to an unforeseen and funda- INALINABILIT - inalienability.
mental change of circumstances; frustration
of a contract by unforeseen events. INALINABLE- inalienable.
IMPRVUS - contingencies. INAMOVIBILIT- irremovability; security
IMPRUDENCE of office; fact of holding a life appointment (being
irremovable). (In France this security is in fact
BLESSURES par imprudence - negligent
not absolute but provides a guarantee against
injury.
arbitrary removal, arbitrary posting, etc.)
DLIT d'imprudence - offence not requir-
ing mens rea; non-intentional offence; (tort INAMOVIBLE- irremovable; holding office
of) negligence; negligent tort. for life.
HOMICIDE par imprudence - negligent
homicide; causing death by negligence. INAPPLICATION - non-application.
IMPRESCRIPTIBILIT INAPPLICATION
INAPTE 158 INCIDENT
INAPTE INCIDENT
INCITATION 159 INCULPATION
INCULP INDEMNIT
INDEMNIT 161 INDEMNIT
INDEMNIT INDEMNIT
INDEMNIT 162 INDISPONIBILIT
INDEMNIT INDISPONIBILIT
INFORMER 164 INGRENCE
INFORMER INGRENCE
INHIBITORIUM 165 INSCRIPTION
INHIBITORIUM INSCRIPTION -
INSCRIRE 166 INSTANCE
INSCRIRE INSTANE
INSTANCE 167 INSTITUTION
INSTANCE INSTITUTION
INSTRUCTEUR 168 INSTRUMENT
INSTRUCTEUR INSTRUMENT
INSTRUMENTER 169 INTERDICTION
INSTRUMENTER INTERDICTION
INTERDIT 170 INTRT
INTERDIT INTRT
INTERGROUPE 171 INTERPRTATION
INTERGROUPE INTERPRTATION
INTERPRTE 172 INTESTAT
INTERPRTE INTESTAT
INTIMATION 173 INVESTITURE
INTIMATION INVESTITURE
INVIOLABILIT 174 ISSUE
INVIOLABILIT ISSUE
JARDIN JOUR
J
JARDIN other) pro duce of property either in kind or indi-
FAMILIAL - jardin familial - allotment. rectly, having transferred the direct enjoyment to
OUVRIER - jardin ouvrier - allotment. another; right to enjoy.
ABUS de jouissance - excessive exploitation
JAUGE - tonnage (burden) of a ship. of a usufruct; waste; misuse.
JAUGEAGE- measurement of a ship. ACTION de jouissance - share whose cap-
ital has been repaid (on drawing of lots) but
JET which is still entitled to dividends etc.
IMMONDICE -jet d'immondices - throw- BON de jouissance - certificate giving a
ing filth (rubbish). right to a share in profits or on liquidation
MER - jet la mer - jettison. or to subscribe for shares; participation cer-
tificate (not identical with a bon de par-
JETON
ticipation).
MONNAIE - jeton de monnaie - coin;
COMMUN~ jouissance commune -joint
money token.
possession.
PRSENCE - jeton de prsence - (eg
DROIT de jouissance - right to use and
director's) attendance fee.
enjoy property; usufruct; beneficial interest;
JEU - gaming. right to rents and profits; right to receive
BNFICE du jeu - winnings. dividends without the corresponding voting
DETTE de jeu - gaming debt. rights.
CRITURE - jeu d'critures - transfer of DROIT - jouissance d'un droit - enjoy-
en tries. ment of a right.
HASARD - jeu de hasard - game of ENTRE en jouissance - taking posses-
chance. sion; entry on (commencement of the enjoy-
ment of) the benefits, fruits, rents and prof-
JOINDRE its of property;. entry into possession (of a
FOND - joindre au fond - join to the usufruct).
merits. ENTRER en jouissance - take (enter into)
JONCTION - joinder. possession.
CAUSE - jonction de causes - joinder of LGAL - jouissance lgale - parent's statu-
cases (actions). tory right to child's income from property.
DEMANDE - jonction de demandes - PAISIBLE - jouissance paisible et utile -
joinder of cases (actions). peaceful possession; lawful possession.
PERTE de jouissance - loss of enjoyment;
INSTANCE - jonction d'instances - join-
loss of possession.
der of cases (actions).
POSSESSION - jonction de possessions - JOUR - window or aperture admitting light
joinder of successive periods of possession. and air but not allowing of a view. (Cf VUE.)
AMENDE -jour-amende - day-fine.
JOUIR - enjoy ((the bene:fit of) the rents and
AUDIENCE - jour d'audience - day of
profits of property).
trial (hearing).
DROIT - jouir d'un droit - exercise (have
CHM - jour chm - nm-working day.
the benefit of) a right.
CHANCE -jour d'chance- due date;
PRE DE FAMILLE - jouir en bon pre
maturity.
de famille - (obligation imposed on a tenant
FRI - jour fri - public holiday.
or hirer) to use rented etc property without
FIXE ~ assignation jour fixe - fixed-date
damaging it, ie to keep the premises in good
proceedings.
condition, fair wear and tear excepted.
FRANC - jour franc - clear day (period
JOUISSANCE - enjoyment; bene:fit; rents of 24 hours starting at the beginning of the
and profits of; right to receive the periodical (or next day).
JARDIN JOUR
JOURNAL 176 JUGE
JOURNAL JUGE
JUGEMENT 178 JUGEMENT
JUGEMENT JUGEMENT
JUGEMENT 179 JUGEMENT
JUGEMENT JUGEMENT
JUGEMENT 180 JURIDICTION
JUGEMEN;T JURIDICTION
JURIDICTION 182 JURIDIQUE
JURIDICTION JURIDIQUE
JURIDIQUEMENT 183 JUSTICE
NORME juridique - rule of law; legal rule. international courts; international precedents
ORDRE juridique - legal system (order); ( case-law).
branch of law. RECUEIL de jurisprudence - law reports;
PROTECTION juridique - access to (pro- collection of decisions.
tection of) the courts; legal protection. RELATIF - jurisprudence relative - the
RGIME juridique - rules governing. cases on.
PARTICULIER - rgime particulier RENVERSEMENT (REVIREMENT) de
juridique - special legal arrangements; jurisprudence - ( decision making a) change
special rules. of (in) judicial doctrine or policy; new line of
JURIDIQUEMENT decisions; new precedent; reversal of prece-
CONTRAIGNANT - juridiquement con- dent; departure from ( abandonment of) ex-
traignant - legally binding. isting precedents (previously established doc-
trine).
JURIMTRIE - jurimetrics (use of scientific TOURNANT de jurisprudence - turning-
methods to study legal questions). point in the doctrine of the courts (in the
JURISCONSULTE - jurist; legal adviser. case-law).
JURISDICTIO - the courts' judicial (as op- JURISPRUDENTIEL
posed to their administrative) fonctions. INTERPRTATION jurisprudentielle -
JURIS ET DE JURE - (of a presumption) judicial interpretation; interpretation by the
absolu te (irrebuttable, irrefutable). courts.
TENDANCE jurisprudentielle - line or
JURISPRUDENCE - case-law; established trend of judicial reasoning, doctrine or prac-
precedents; decided cases; decisions; previous tice; the courts have inclined to the view.
( earlier) decisions; leading cases; line of author-
ity; authorities; line ofcases; the courts; judicial JURIS TANTUM - (of a presumption) re-
doctrine; position adopted by the courts. buttable (refutable).
ADMINISTRATIF - jurisprudence admi-
nistrative - the decisions of the administra- JURISTE - lawyer; legal expert.
tive courts. JURY
ALLEMAND - jurisprudence allemande -
EXPROPRIATION - jury d'expropriation
the German courts.
- (former) tribunal to fix the amount of com-
CAS de jurisprudence - leading case; prece-
pensation to be paid for expropriated prop-
dent; authority.
erty; expropriations valuation tribunal.
CONSTANT - jurisprudence constante -
HONNEUR-jury d'honneur- court of
established precedents; long line of decisions
honom; professional disciplinary committee.
( decided cases).
ABSOLUMENT - la jurisprudence JUGEMENT - jury de jugement - jury
est absolument constante en ce sens (which decides both the question of guilt and
- the precedents are unanimous on this the sentence to be imposed).
point; this is unanimously confirmed by
JUSTICE - the courts; the judicial system;
the courts; the courts have consistently justice.
so held.
ACTION en justice - action; legal proceed-
DOMINANT -jurisprudence dominante -
ings.
the prevalent opinion; the balance of judicial
ACTIONNER en justice - sue; bring an
opinion; most authorities.
TABLI - jurisprudence bien tabli~ - action or (legal) proceedings against.
well-established line of decisions. ADMINISTRATIF - justice administra-
VOLUTIF - jurisprudence volutive - tive - the administrative courts; administra-
progressive (evolutive) interpretation by the tive jurisdiction.
courts. AGIR en justice - bring legal proceedings.
FAIRE jurisprudence - establish a prece- ALLER en justice - bring legal proceedings.
dent. ASSIGNATION en justice - issuing a sum-
INTERNATIONAL.-jurisprudence in- mons or writ against; brtnging proceedings
ternationale - the decisions (doctrine) of against.
JURIDIQUEMENT JUSTICE
JUSTICE 184 JUSTIFIER
JUSTICE JUSTIFIER
LABEL LGATION
L
LABEL - term for certain trade marks belong- LGALEMENT - by operation oflaw;
ing to an association or other group of persons. legally; lawfully.
ADMISSIBLE - lgalement admissible -
LACRATION which the law allows.
AFFICHE - lacration d'affiches - damag-
ing notices or posters. LGALISATION - certification that the sig-
natures appended to a document are genuine and
LACUNE that the persons signing hold the offices they pur-
DROIT - lacune de droit - lacuna (gap, port to hold; authentication; (in the case of doc-
omission) in the law; matter not provided uments from abroad or intended for use abroad)
for by law; absence of legal provision; (legal) legalisation.
loophole.
LGALISER - give statutory form to.
LAIC - secular; non-denominational.
LGALISTE - legalistic; formalistic.
LAIS
RELAIS - lais et relais de la mer - land LGALIT - legality; lawfulness.
formed by the gradual action of the sea, POURSUITE - lgalit des poursuites -
alluvion ( alluvio maris). (This becomes the mandatory (compulsory) prosecution; legal
private property of the state.) basis for or requirement of prosecution.
PRINCIPE de (la) lgalit - rule requiring
LAISSE conformity with statute; strict compliance
MER - laisse de basse mer - lowest line of wit4 the lq,w; rule of law; gpliga.tory prosecu-
ebb tide. tio:q.; :mle ~(Oquiring th;:i,t pffennes ;:i,p.d punish-
LAISS-POUR-COMPTE - term used ments shall be strictly qe:fied 'Qy lq,w.
to describe goods in carriage that have been so VEIJ!LER au rei>Pe<::t ge l~ lg~f - rin~me
damaged that they can no longer pe used: the compliance with thfl law. ..
carrier must pay their full value in da.mages and J:,:i-ATA.IRE- legatee q:i; d,ev!11ee i:i~ pernon
the consignee is entitled to refuse qelivery; +eft on entitled to a shl,re of ai+ estatp.
hand; refused. P ARTJCULIER - lgataire ~ titre pai:-
LAISSEZ-PASSER - (in particular) pass ticul!er - per13o:q entitled tq an ind,ividual
for the transport of certain wines and spirits on legacy, ie a specific or pecni;:i,ty ltoga.cy or a
which tax is not due; cart note; transire. devise. ' .
UNIVEJtEI,-: !~at1:1.ire U:1~~ver13el,..,, per-
LARCIN - theft. son to whom a testator lea.ve1:1 tlw whole
LATITUDE - discretion. or a share of his estate, possibly '1lt;i~e!'t tg
legacies; universal legatee; residuary lega-
LECTURE - reading; delivery. tee. (If a universal legatee or the persons
ADOPTER - tre adopt en premire lec- entitled to the reserved portions (hritiers
ture - be given a first reading. rservataires) disappear, the remaining
universal legatees become entitled to his or
LGAL - in accordance with law; legal; based their share(s).)
on law; prescribed by law; statutory. TITRE - lgataire titre universel -
HYPOTHQUE lgale - statutory mort-
person to whom the testator bequeathes
gage; statutory charge. or devises a share of his estate. (Such a
PSYCHIATRE lgal - court (ie appointed share may be a share of the whole, all
by the court) psychiatrist. the real property, all the movables, a
PSYCHIATRIE lgale - forensic psychiatry. share of the real property or a share of
VOIE - selon les voies lgales - in accor- the movables.)
dance with a procedure prescribed by law;
through prescribed channels. LEGATION - seat of a diplomatie mission.
LABEL LGATIO~
LEGS 187 LETTRE
LEGS LETTRE
LEV 188 LIBRER
note (equivalent to a bill of lading at ALIGNER le libell - make the wording (of
sea). two documents) agree.
VOITURE - lettre de voiture - consign- EXPLOIT - libell de l'exploit - statement
ment note; waybill. of claim.
LEV LIBRER
LIBERT 189 LICENCE
LIBERT LICENCE
\..
LICENCI 190 LIEU
LICENCI LIEU
LIGUE 191 LISTE
LJGUE LISTE
LITIGE 192 LIVRET
SCRUTIN de liste - election in which the the same grounds are brought before two different
voter votes for a party list and not for an courts each having jurisdiction, it is for the higher
individual candidate. or else the second court to say whether there is
TTE de liste - candidate whose name ap- suffi.cient identity between the proceedings to jus-
pears at the top of the party list; party's tify a preliminary objection of lis alibi pendens.)
leading candidate. DCLINATOIRE de litispendance - (pre-
LITIGE - dispute; case; cause; issue; proceed- liminary) objection that proceedings on the
same issue are pending in another court (lis
ings.
CIVIL - litige civil - civil action.
alibi pendens).
INSTANCE - litige en instance - pending EXCEPTION de litispendance - (prelim-
case. inary) objection that a matter is pending
JUDICIAIRE - litige judiciaire - court before another competent court (lis alibi pen-
proceedings. dens).
MATRIMONIAL - litige matrimonial -
LIVRAISON - delivery.
matrimonial cause (proceedings, dispute).
OBJET du (en) litige - subject-matter of LIVRE - (code) book. The French, Belgian and
the proceedings. Luxembourg Civil Codes are divided into livres
PARTIE au litige - party to the proceed- (books), titres (parts), chapitres (chapters),
ings; litig ant. sections (sections) and articles (articles). The
POINTS en litige - points in (at) issue. Swiss Civil Code is divided into livres (books),
RGLEMENT d'un litige - settlement of parties (parts), titres (sections), chapitres
an action (case). (chapters) and articles (articles).
SOMME en litige - amount in dispute. BORD - livre de bord - (ship's) log-book.
SUCCESSORAL - litige successoral - pro-
COMMERCE - livres de. commerce -
ceedings concerning a disputed inheritance.
books (of account).
VALEUR en (du) litige - value of the
DISCIPLINE - livre de discipline - (ship's)
subject-matter; sum involved; amount in dis-
punishment book.
pute.
VIDER le litige - settle a case. FONCIER - livre foncier - land register;
Land Registry.
LITIGIEUX - disputed; in (at) issue; com- INVENTAIRE - livre d'inventaire (des
plained of; impugned. inventaires) - balance-sheet book.
DCISION litigieuse - decision appealed
PUBLIC - livre public - public register.
against.
POQUE des faits litigieux - the material LIVRER
time. VENTE livrer - sale for delivery (ie
PROCDURE litigieuse - proceedings com- within a stated period).
plained of.
RETRAIT litigieux - exercise by the defen- LIVRET
dant of his right, in a case where the plain- CAISSE D'PARGNE - livret de caisse
tiff h~s sold his right against the defendant d'pargne - savings (bank) book.
(with which the pending proceedings are TRANGER- livret pour tranger (Sw) -
concerned) to another, to acquire this right alien's identity card.
from the purchaser on reimbursing him what
FAMILLE - livret de famille - family civil-
he paid for it; right of a debtor sued by the
assignee of a debt to settle the proceedings status book; family record book; family
by paying. the assignee the amount for which ( civil-status) registration book.
he purchased the debt together with the costs IDENTIT - livret d'identit - identity
of the assignment and interest. card;
INDIVIDUEL - livret individuel -
LITISCONSORT - co-plaintiff or co- military-service certifi.cate ( certifying that
defendant. the persan concerned has performed military
LITISPENDANCE - lis alibi pendens. service).
(When two actions between the same parties re- MATRICULE - livret matricule - military-
lating to the same subject-matter and based on service certificate.
LITIGE LIVRET
LOCAL 193 LOI
LO:CAL LOI
LOI 194 LOI
, FISCAL - loi fiscale - Tax Act; taxing MUNICIPAL - loi municipale - Local Gov-
statute; tax legislation. ernment Act.
FONDAMENTAL - loi fondamentale - NATIONAL - loi nationale - national
basic Act; basic law. (municipal, domestic) law.
o FORCE - ayant force de loi - legally bind- NATUREL - loi naturelle - natural law, ie
ing; having statutory force (the force of law). law based on reason and the nature of man
FORMEL - loi au sens formel - Act of Par- as opposed to law as it actually exists.
liament. ORDRE PUBLIC - loi d'ordre public -
FORMEL - loi formelle - legislation in mandatory Act (legislation, provisions), ie
the formal or procedural sense, ie an enact- based on considerations of public policy.
ment which has passed through the forms ORGANIQUE - loi organique - State Au-
prescribed by constitutional law. thorities Act; Act, not forming part of the
FRAUDE la loi - fraudulent evasion of Constitution, laying down the principles gov-
statutory provisions (of the law). erning the organisation or structure of organs
GIGOGNE - loi gigogne - Miscellaneous of government or other public authorities;
Provisions Act. Institutional Act; Act establishing; (with ref-
, HABILITATION - loi d'habilitation - Act erence to Spain) implementing Act.
authorising the government to legislate by ORGANISATION MUNICIPALE- loi sur
regulation; enabling Act. l'organisation municipale - Local Govern-
HOMMES de loi - the legal community; the ment Act.
profession; (practising) lawyers. ORIENTATION - loi d'orientation - Gen-
IMPRATIF - loi imprative - mandatory eral Principles Act; Outline Act.
Act (legislation, provisions), ie based on con- OUVRIER - loi ouvrire - Workmen's Pro-
siderations of public policy. tection Act.
PARTICULIER - loi particulire - special
, INFRACTION la loi - breach (infringe-
Act; special provision.
ment, violation, contravention) of the law or
PLEIN POUVOIR - see POUVOIR below.
an Act.
POLICE - loi de police - public order Act.
, INITIATIVE des lois - right to initiate
POUVOIR - loi de pleins pouvoirs - Act
legislation.
authorising the government to legislate by
, INTERDICTION - loi d'interdiction - Act
regulations; enabling Act.
containing prohibitions.
PROCDURE - loi de procdure - Code
, INTERPRTATIF - loi interprtative -
of Procedure; Procedure Act; procedural pro-
Act interpreting a previous Act (not "Inter- visions.
pretation Act" , which lays down certain gen-
PROGRAMME - loi de programme - Act
eral rules of interpretation and a number of authorising the government to take measures
definitions of general application). involving expenditure covering several finan-
JUGE SAISI - loi du juge saisi - lex fori cial years.
(ie national law of the court trying the case). PROJET de loi - (government) Bill.
LIEU PROPOSITION de loi - (private member's)
" ACTE - loi du lieu de l'acte - law of Bill.
the place where the act was committed RECETTE - loi de recettes - Finance Act.
or done (lex actus) . REDRESSEMENT - loi de redressement
" CONTRAT - loi du lieu du contrat - (Belg) - consolidating Act; Law Revision
law of the place where the contract was Act.
made (lex loci actus). REPRSENTANTS de la loi - law- .
MARTIAL - loi martiale - Revolutionary enforcement agencies.
law authorising local authorities to make use RPRESSIF - loi rpressive - penal
of the military to maintain or der, now re- statute (Act); penal legislation.
placed by the lois sur l'tat de sige and SOUVERAINET de la loi - supremay of
sur l'tat d'urgence; martial law. the law.
MILITAIRE - loi militaire - military law; SUPPLTIF - loi (purement) suppltive -
Army Act. statutory provisions displaced only by the ex-
MODIFICATIF - loi modificative - amend- press intention of the parties; non-mandatory
ment Act. provisions.
LOI Lor
LOI-CADRE 195 LUCRUM CESSANS
M
MAGASIN MAIN
GNRAL - magasins gnraux - state ARM - attaque main arme - armed
depository. assault.
PUBLIC - magasin public - public ware- AUX mains de - in the power of.
house. COMMUN - main commune - clause by
MAGASINAGE- depository fee(s); ware- which (the) spouses agree that the commu-
house (warehousing) charge(s); storage charge(s). nity shall be administered jointly.
DROIT de magasinage - depository fee; COURANT - main courante - register of
warehouse (warehousing:) charge; sto~age o:ffences recorled by the police; (police) note-
charge. book,
TAXE de magasinage - depository fee; JUSTICE - placer sous main de justice -
warehouse (warehousing) charge; storage have (order to be) administered by the court.
charge. LEV - vote main leve - vote by show
of hands.
MAGISTRAT - member of the national legal
service, ie either a judge or a law offi.cer (mem- 1'.fAINLEVE - lifting (of an attachment etc);
ber of the Attorney-General's Department, State d1scharge (of a court order); termination; (Swiss
Counsel (prosecutor)); member of the court. execution procedure) setting aside the debtor's
ASSIS - magistrat assis - judge. objection.
CONSULAIRE - magistrat consulaire - ACTION en mainleve du squestre -
member of the Commercial Court; Commer- action to obtain release of property from
cial Court judge. judicial custody.
DEBOUT - magistrat debout - law offi.cer; AMIABLE - mainleve amiable - termina-
prosecutor; State Counsel; State prosecutor; tion (lifting) of an attachment by agreement
member of the Attorney-General's Depart- between the parties.
ment. INSCRIPTION
INSTRUCTEUR - magistrat instructeur - HYPOTHCAIRE - mainleve
investigating judge. d'inscription hypothcaire - cancel-
MILITAIRE - magistrat militaire - judge lation of (the entry of) a mortgage (in
advocate. the Land Registry (land register)).
MUNICIPAL - magistrat municipal - INTERDICTION - mainleve de l'inter-
generic term for the senior members of a diction - release from guardianship; restora-
town ( city) council, ie the mayor and his im- tion of full capacity.
mediate assistants (adjoints - aldermen). JUDICIAIRE - mainleve judiciaire - ter-
SIGE - magistrat du sige - judge. mination (lifting) of an attachment by court
TAXATEUR - magistrat taxateur - taxing
order.
master. MANDAT
DPT - mainleve du mandat de
MAGISTRATURE- national legal service; dpt - cancellation of the arrest war-'
judiciary. rant.
CONSEIL suprieur de la magistrature - MESURE
Judicial Service Commission. EXCUTION - mainleve des me-
DEBOUT - magistrature debout - the law sures d'excution - stopping (lifting) of
officers; Attorney-General's department. measures of execution.
COLE suprieure de la magistrature - SAISIE - mainleve de la saisie - lifting of
Legal Service Training College. the attachment.
INDPENDANCE de la magistrature - SQUESTRE - mainleve du squestre
independence of the judiciary. - release of property from judicial custody,
SIGE - magistrature du sige - the compulsory administration, seizure, attach-
judges; the judiciary. ment or (in some cases) sequestration.
MAGASIN MAINLEVE
'MAINMISE 198 MAJORIT
MAINMISE MAJORIT
MALADIE 199 MANDAT
MALADIE MANDAT
MANDATAIRE 200 MARCHANDAGE
MANDATAIRE MARCHANDAGE
MARCHANDISE 201 MARQUE
MARCHANDISE COMPARUTION
CRANCE sur marchandises - right to PERSONNEL - mariage sans com-
receive goods. parution personnelle - proxy marriage.
DETTE sur marchandises - obligation to CONSENTEMENT au mariage - consent
transfer or deliver goods. to marriage.
LOYAL ET MARCHAND - marchan-
CONSOMM - mariage consomm - con-
di'se loyale et marchande - goods of mer- summated marriage.
chantable quality.
CONTRAT de mariage - marriage contract;
MARCHE marriage settlement.
INSTANCE- marche de l'instance - con- DISSOLUTION du mariage - divorce; dis-
duct of the proceedings; course of the pro- solution of marriage.
ceedings. EMPCHEMENT au mariage - impedi-
JUSTICE - bonne marche de la justice - ment (to marriage).
due course of justice; proper functioning of NULLIT du mariage - nullity (of mar-
the judicial system. riage).
MISE en marche des autorits pnales -
OFFICIER DE L'TAT CIVIL - mariage
institution of criminal proceedings. devant l'officier de l'tat civil - marriage in
MARCH the registry office (by the mayor).
APPEL D'OFFRES - march par appel PROCUREUR - mariage par procureur -
d'offres - contract by advertisement ( call) proxy marriage.
for tenders (invitation to tender); putting a PUBLICATION de mariage - notice of
contract out to tender. marriage; (in a church etc) (marriage) banns.
COMPTANT - march au comptant - PUTATIF - mariage putatif - putative
spot transaction. marriage.
ENTENTE DIRECTE - march par
entente directe - sale by private treaty. MARIN
FORFAIT - march forfait - agreement FONDS marins - sea-bed.
by a contractor to do the work in question
for a :fixed sum. MARINIER - waterman.
FOURNITURE - march de fournitures - MARITALEMENT - as man and wife; in
contract for the supply of goods. concubinage (cohabitation).
GR GR - march de gr gr - sale
by private treaty. MARQUE - trade mark.
PUBLIC - march public - public .works or CONNU - marque notoirement connue -
supply contract. well-known trade mark.
TERME - march terme - forward trans- DCLARATION de marque de fabrique -
action. trade-markapplication; application for regis-
MARCHEPIED tration of trade mark.
SERVITUDE de marchepied - duty of a ri- DPOS - marque dpose - registered
parian owner to leave space alongside a navi- trade mark.
gable waterway for necessary manuvring on DPT d'une marque - registration of.a
land by boat crews. trade mark.
MARIAGE ENREGISTREMENT d'une marque - reg-
ANNULATION du mariage - granting a
istration of a trade mark.
decree of nullity; annulment of (a) marriage. FABRIQUE - marque de fabrique - trade
APTITUDE au mariage - capacity to mark.
marry. NOTOIRE(MENT CONNU) - marque
BIGAMIQUE .,... mariage bigamique - biga- notoire(ment connue) - well-known trade
mous marriage. mark.
BOITEUX - mariage boiteux - marriage PRODUiT - marque de produit - trade
recognised in one country but nod.n"all.<5Mier. name; trade description; descriptive mark.
CLBRATION du mariage - solemnisa- RENOMME - marque de haute renom-
tion of marriage. me - fainous trade mark (brand (name)).
MARCHANDISE MARQUE
MAUVAIS 203 MENU
RGIME matrimonial- system (regime) of FRAIS - mmoire des frais - bill of costs.
matrimonial (marital) property. INTERVENTION - mmoire d'interven-
REGISTRE matrimonial- register of sys- tion - application to be joined in the pro-
tems (regimes) of matrimonial property. ceedings.
MAUVAIS INTRODUCTIF D'INSTANCE - mmoire
FOI - mauvaise foi - bad. faith; tortious in- introductif d'instance - application; state-
tent; criminal intent; malice; mens rea. m.ent of claim; writ; opening memorial; origi-
TRAITEMENT - mauvais traitements - nating summons.
cruelty; ill-treatment. POUR mmoire - token entry.
RPONSE - mmoire en rponse - memo-
MAXIMA - see A MAXIMA. rial in reply; observations in reply.
MCONNAISSANCE - disregard; failure
MMORANDUM
to comply with; non-compliance; violation; in-
ACCORD - mmorandum d'accord..,..
fringement; breach.
memorandum of agreement.
DROIT - mconnaissance du droit - (in
addition 'to the meanings given above) misin- MMORIAL
terpretation (misreading) of the law. LE Mmorial (Lux) - (Luxembourg) Official
MCONNATRE- infringe; violate; fail to Gazette.
apply. MENACE
DROIT - mconnatre un droit - infringe a ORDRE PUBLIC - menace pour l'ordre
right. public - threat to the peace (public order,
MDECIN public policy).
LGISTE - mdecin lgiste - forensic
MNAGE
medical examiner (formerly - and in com-
BESOINS courants de la mnage - house-
mon parlance still - police surgeon); court
hold necessaries.
medical officer; pathologist.
BIENS du mnage - matrimonial property.
MARRON - mdecin marron - unqualified
_FAIT - mnage de fait - extramarital co-
(quack) or unscrupulous doctor, eg one who
habitation; concubinage.
who signs certificates to suit the convenience
FAUX mnage - concubinage; extramarital
of his patients.
OFFICIEL - mdecin officiel - (govern-
cohabitation.
ment) medical officer. MENES - subversion; disloyal behaviour.
TRAITANT - mdecin traitant - (a
party's) own (family) doctor. MENEUR - ringleader.
MDECIN-CONSEIL- medical officer MENSUALISATION - deduction of tax or
working for a public or private body, eg social- payment of salary on a monthly basis (certain
security office or an insurance company. privileges are associated with this type of salary
payment).
MDECINE
LGAL - mdecine lgale - forensic (legal) MENTAL
medicine. TROUBLES mentaux - mental disorder.
MAUVAIS MENU
MPRIS 204 METTRE
MPRIS METTRE
MEUBLE 205 MINISTRIEL
SE mettre en tat - (as required of a born; and (3) an intention to kill. If the intention
convicted offender who is appealing on was only to injure and the victim subsequently
points of law) surrender to custody. dies, the offence is only wounding (coups et
LIBERT - mettre en libert - release . blessures).)
PIED - mettre pied - suspend (from JUDICIAIRE - meurtre judiciaire - judi-
duty) on disciplinary grounds; lay off (em- cial murder (manslaughter).
ployees); suspend a contract of employment
for economic reasons. MIEUX
RECOUVREMENT - mettre en recouvre- ACHAT au mieux - purchase at the best
ment - take steps to collect debts or taxes. available price.
RETRAITE - mettre la retraite - retire MILICE - vigilante group.
(a person).
SCELL - mettre sous scells - place seals MILICIEN (Belg) - national serviceman; con- ,
on (place under seal) (eg pending an inven- script.
tory). MILIEU
, SECRET - mettre au secret - place in soli-
FERM - en milieu ferm - custodial.
tary confinement; hold incommunicado; pro-
hibit communications. MINES - minerals; mines.
VIGUEUR - mettre en vigueur - bring
into force. MINEUR - minor; juvenile; infant; under age.
DANGER- mineurs en dangei- - minors at
MEUBLE - movable (property). risk.
, ANTICIPATION - meubles par antici- DE - mineur de dix-huit ans - minor under
pation - things such as minerals and crops 18.
which it is intended to separate from the soil DLINQUANT- mineur dlinquant-
and which for some purposes are treated as juvenile delinquent.
movables prior to separation. DTOURNEMENT de mineur - abduc-
, CORPOREL - meubles corporels - corpo- tion of a min or.
real movables; goods; tangible movables. MANCIP - mineur mancip - minor
, DTERMINATION DE LA LOI - declared of full age and capacity (emanci-
meubles par dtermination de la loi - pated minor).
statutory movables: incorporeal assets, rights
or choses in action, including in most cases MINIMA - see A MINIMA.
rights in rem over corporeal movables but
MINISTRE
not the ownership of a corporeal movable
AVOCAT - le ministre (obligatoire)
where this is deemed to merge with the mov-
d'avocat ou d'avou alourdirait la proc-
able itself.
dure - (compulsory) representation by a bar-
INCORPOREL - meubles incorporels -
rister or solicitor would make the proceedings
incorporeal movables.
cumbersome; legal representation.
MEUBLANT - meubles meublants - furni-
PUBLIC - ministre publiciie - the pros-
ture.
ecution; (Principal) State (Crown) Counsel's
NATURE - meubles par leur nature - cor-
Office (Department); (Principal) Legal Ad-
poreal movables; goods; chattels. (Things
viser's Office (Department); (in general 6r
which move (animals) or can be moved from
civil context) Attorney-General's Depart-
place to place, eg boats, furniture, gas, elec-
ment; State (Crown, Pblic) Prosecutor's
tric current and bearer certificates not cen-
Office (Department); the public prosecutor;
trally deposited.)
the prosecuting authorities; State (Crown)
MEUBL - furnished premises. Prosecution Service; legal department; the
law officers.
MEURTRE - unlawful killing without aggra-
vating circumstances; manslaughter (ie the actus MINISTRIEL
reus of murder but without malice aforethought, OFFICE :ministriel - one of certain offices
eg if there is p~ovocation). (The three elements - such as those of bailiff, solicitor (notaire)
of the French crime are (1) an act causing death; and stockbroker - the holders of which are
(2) the victim must be a living person already officially appointed, though their relationship
MEUBLE MINISTRIEL
MINISTRE 206 MISE
with their clients is in most cases that of a the original of which is to be kept by the so-
professional adviser or agent; professional licitor (notaire) as a minute.
office.
OFFICIER ministriel - member of one of MISE
certain professions (eg bailiff, solicitor (no- ACCUSATION - mise en accusation - de-
taire) or stockbroker) whose members are cision to prefer an indictment to the Assize
officially appointed, though their relation- Court made by the Indictments Chamber
ship with their clients is in most cases that of (chambre d'accusation); committal for
a professional adviser or agent; professional trial.
officer. ADJUDICATION - mise en adjudication
MINISTRE (publique) - putting out to tender; adver-
ADJOINT - ministre adjoint - deputy min- tisement ( call) for tenders.
ister. CAUSE - mise en cause - third-party
CONSEIL des ministres - (meeting of the) notice.
Cabinet presided over by the President of the DBITEUR - mise en cause du
Republic (if he is not present, the expression dbiteur - j oinder of the debtor.
used is conseil de cabinet). RESPONSABILIT - mise en cause
DLGU - ministre dlgu - minister de la responsabilit de quelqu'un -
delegated by the Prime Minister to perform raising the question of someone's liabil-
a specific task or mission; Minister of State; ity.
assistant minister.
RUINER la mise en cause du requ-
TAT - Ministre d'tat - Secretary of
rant - destroy the case against the
State; Minister.
applicant.
PLNIPOTENTIAIRE - ministre plni-
potentiaire - minister plenipotentiary. CAUSE - mise hors cause - discharge;
(more generally) elimination from an inquiry;
MINORIT- minority (also in the sense of exoneration.
being under age). COMMERCE - mise hors (du) commerce
FAVEUR-'-- minorit de faveur - suffi- - prohibition of dealing in or sale of.
cient minority (in a jury) to bring about an CONCOURS - mise en concours - putting
acquittal. out to tender; advertisement ( call) for ten-
PNAL - minorit pnale - age up to 18 ders.
when a child is not (or not fully) criminally
DLIBR - mise en dlibr - decision
responsible.
to give a considered judgment; reserving
MINUTE - (official) record; original document; judgment.
original judgment. DEMEURE - mise en demeure - notice to
(ACTE en) minute - the original instru- pay or perform; notice to remedy a certain
ment kept by the solicitor (notaire) in state of affairs; default notice; notice to pro-
his archives. (The execution copy of a di- ceed or to comply (with an order, instruc-
rectly enforceable instrument is known as tion, formality, etc); notice.
the grosse and other copies are called
ACQURIR - mise en demeure
expditions.)
d'acqurir - notice to purchase.
DRESSER minute - execute an instrument
the original of which is to be kept by the ARRT de mise en demeure ~ offi-
solicitor (notaire) as a minute. cial order to put an end to a given state
of affairs.
EXCUTOIRE sur minute - enforceable
immediately, ie on the authority of the origi- PREUVE - mise l'preuve - (putting
nal written judgment, without having to on) probation.
serve an execution copy (grosse). TAT - mise en tat - preparation (of a
JUGEMENT - minute du jugement - orig- case) for trial; making (a case) ready for
inal judgment signed by the registrar and the hearing; putting in order; putting (premises)
president of the court. (The copy for execu- into repair; (required of a convicted offender
tion is called the grosse.) who is appealing on points of law) surren-
PASSER minute - execute an instrument der(ing) to custody.
MINISTRE MISE
MODRATION 208 MORT
MODRATION MONTANT
ORGANE de modration (Sw) - agency for COMPENSATOIRE - montant compen-
arbitrating professional fees. satoire - compensating amount ( countervail-
ing charge).
MOIFICATIF- amending provision.
COMPTE - montant du compte - state of
MODIFICATION - amendment; alteration; (balance on) an account.
modification. CRANCE - montant de la crance -
STATUTAIRE - modification statutaire - amount of the daim.
alteration of the statutes.
DEMANDE - montant de la demande -
MODIFIER - amend; alter; modify; vary. amount involved (in the case); amount of the
daim.
MCEURS
ATTENTAT aux murs - sexual offence, EXONR- montant exonr- (tax-free)
BON - bonnes murs - morality. allowance.
DRGLEMENT des murs - immorality. FORFAITAIRE - montant forfaitaire -
NATURE - murs contre nature - sexual fixed sum; lump sum.
pervers10n. IMPOS
NON - montant non impos - (tax-
MOMENT - stage in the proceedings.
free) allowance.
MONTAIRE PEINE - montant de la peine - length of
CLAUSE montaire - monetary correction the sentence.
clause; escalator clause.
MONT-DE-PIT - pawnbroker. (In
MONNAIE France such business may now only be transacted
ALTRATION de monnaie - debasing by the crdit municipal or the magasins
currency. gnraux.)
APPOINT - monnaie d'appoint - small
change which is legal tender only up to a pre- MORAL - non-material (damage); juridical
scribed amount. (person); non-pecuniary (compensation or dam-
BILLON - monnaie de billon - small age).
change which is legal tender only up to a pre- DROIT
scribed amount.
AUTEUR - droit moral de l'auteur -
CONTREFAIT - monnaie contrefaite -
non-pecuniary, special (personal) right
counterfeit coin( age); forged notes.
of an author, artist, etc in his work; non-
FALSIFICATION de monnaie - counter-
pecuniary ( attributes of) copyright.
feiting (coin(age)); forging notes.
LMENT moral - mental element.
FICTIF - monnaie fictive - inconvertible
currency. PERSONNE morale - legal entity; corpora-
FIDUCIAIRE - monnaie fiduciaire - in- tion; legal (juridical) person.
convertible currency. DROIT PRIV - personne morale de
LGAL - monnaie lgale - legal tender. droit priv - private-law corporation.
SCRIPTURAL - monnaie scripturale - DROIT PUBLIC - personne morale
bank or other forms of financial credit; bank de droit public - public-law corpora-
money. tion.
MODRATION MORT
MOTIF 209 MOYEN
MOTIF - ground (of divorce or appeal); rea- MOTIVER - furnish with reasons; give rea-
son (for ajudgment); motive (for entering into a sons for.
contract); cause; justification. DCISION - motiver une dcision - give
ACCUSATION - motif d'accusation - reasons for a decision (judgment).
count (charge) in an indictment.
MOUVEMENT
APPEL - motif d'appel - ground of (for)
COLLECTIF - mouvement collectif-
appeal.
(prison) mutiny.
ARRESTATION - motif d'arrestation -
ground (reason) for arrest. MOYEN - cause of action; defence; ground of
CONTRARIT de motifs - inconsistent defence or claim; procedure; argument; allegation;
reasons in a judgment. type of evidence; point; submission; plea; ground
DCISOIRE - motifs dcisoires - grounds of (for) appeal.
of a judgment which are treated as having APPEL - moyen d'appel - ground of (for)
effect as if included in the formal order appeal.
(operative words) . BUDGTAIRE - moyen budgtaire- bud-
DFAUT de motif(s) - inadequate (absence get provision.
of) reasons (for a judgment). CAUSE - moyen se trouvant dans la cause
DIVORCE - motif de divorce - ground of - ground inherent in the facts as presented
(for) divorce. though not relied on by the parties.
EMPCHEMENT - motif d'empchement COERCITION - moyen de coercition -
- obstacle; impediment. means of coercion or pressure.
ERREUR sur le motif - mistake affecting DFENSE - moyens de dfense - grounds
the motive (in principle not sufficient to ren- of defence.
der a contract voidable). DILATOIRE - moyen dilatoire - applica-
EXPOS des motifs - explanatory memo- tion whose (sole) abject is to retard the pro-
randum; (statement of) abjects and reasons. ceedings; means of retarding the proceedings;
JUGEMENT - motifs du jugement - rea- delaying tactic.
sons for the judgment. DROIT - moyen de droit - ground based
NULLIT - motif de nullit - ground of on law; point of law.
nullity. PUR - moyen de pur droit - le gal
RETENU - motifs retenus - reasons (given ground resulting implicitly from the
by a court for its judgment). facts as presented to the court.
SANS motif serieux - without reasonable EXISTENCE - moyens d'existence -
cause. 1 means of subsistence (support).
FAIT - moyen de fait - ground based on
MOTION - (Sw) parlianientary:ruffi'6ri. -v fact.
(requiring government to legislate) (as opposed FAUX - moyen de faux - allegation of
to postulat). forgery; grounds on which it is alleged a doc-
ACCUSATION - motion d'accusation - ument is forged.
motion for impeachment. FINANCIER- moyens financiers - finan-
DFIANCE - motion de dfiance - motion cial resources.
of no confidence. FOND - tout moyen de fond tant rserv
ORDRE - motion d'ordre - point of order. - liberty to bring further argument on the
PROCDURE - motion de procdure - merits; without prejudging (prejudice to) the
(procedural) application. merits.
MOTIVATION NULLIT - moyen de nullit - ground of
APPEL - motivation de l'appel - (lodging
nullity.
the) grounds of the appeal. OBLIGATION de moyens - obligation to
BREF - une brve motivation - brief state-
use one's best endeavours (ie skill, care and
diligence); duty to exercise skill and care;
ment of reasons.
best-endeavours obligation.
MOTIV - containing grounds (reasons) .. OFFICE.- moyen pris (relev) d'office -
-JUGEMENT. motiv - reasoned judgment; . point (ground) raised by the court of its own
judgment giving reasons. motion (ex officia).
MOTIF MOYEN
MULTIPROPRIT 210 MUTUUM
MULTIPROPRIT MUTUVM
NGATOIRE 212 NON-REFOULEMENT
NGATOIRE NON-APPEL
ACTION ngatoire - action to establish the CERTIFICAT de non-appel - cenificate by
non-existence of an easement, profit, servi- the registrar that there has been no appeal
tude, etc. from, or application to set aside, a judgment
or order.
NGOCIATION - transfer free of equities.
COLLECTIF - ngociation collective - NON BIS IN IDEM - rule tha.t a persan
collective bargaining. must not be tried twice for the same offence; non
COMPTANT - ngociation au comptant - bis in idem.
cash bargain; cash transaction.
PRIME - ngociation prime - option
NONCE - nuncio.
bargain; option deal. NON-CONCILIABILIT - incompatibility;
TERME - ngociation terme - bargain
for account. NON-CONCURRENCE
CLAUSE de non-concurrence - agreement
NET not to compete.
IMPT - net d'impts - free of tax.
NON-CUMUL
NEUTRALIT PEINE - non-cumul des peines - rule
JUGE - neutralit du juge - neutrality that where a person has committed severa.l
of the court (implying that control of the offences, consecutive sentences are not ini-
proceedings and of the presentation of the posed. Instead the court pronounces the
subject-matter is exercised by the parties). severest of the penalties available for one of
STATUT de neutralit - neutral status. the individual offences.
NEUTRE - neutral. NON-EXCUTION - failure to perform.
NOLIS - freight. NON-IMMIXTION - non-interferencej non-
NOLISSEMENT - chartering; affreightment. intervention.
NGATOIRE NON-REFOULEMENT
NON-REPRSENTATION 213 NOTIFICATION
NON+REPRSENTATION NOTIFICATION
NOTIFIER 214 NUMRAIRE
NOTIFIER NUMRAIRE
NUMRO 215 NU-PROPRITAIRE
N.UMRO NU-PROPRITAIRE
OBLIGATION 218 OBLIGATOIRE
DTERMIN - obligation dtermine - forced but is valid and cannot be set aside if
obligation to produce a specific result. voluntarily performed).
DETTE - obligation la dette (aux NON-CONCURRENCE - obligation de
dettes) - liability for the debt(s) (of another, non-concurrence - obligation not to com-
of a deceased persan). pete.
DOMMAGES-INTRTS - obligation PLURAL - obligation plurale - obligation
dommages-intrts - liability in damages. with several obligors or several obligees.
DONNER - obligation de donner - obliga- PORTEUR - obligation au porteur -
tion to transfer property or a right in rem. bearer debenture.
DROIT des obligations - the law of obli- PROPTER REM - obligation propter
gations; contract and tort. It also includes rem - obligation binding on the owner of a
quasi-contract (restitution, unjust enrich- hereditament.
ment, etc) and statutory obligations (eg PRUDENCE- obligation de prudence et
maintenance). de diligence - duty of care; duty to exercise
ENTRETIEN - obligation d'entretien - care and diligence; duty to use one's best
obligation to maintain a persan or keep a endeavours.
building in repair. GNRAL - obligation gnrale de
VENTUEL - obligation ventuelle - con- prudence - general duty of care.
tingent obligation; contingent liability. QUASI DLIGTUEL - see DLICTUEL
EXTRAPATRIMONIAL - obligation above.
extrapatrimoniale - obligation of a non- REL - obligation relle - obligation se-
pecuniary nature (though it has a pecuniary cured in rem; secured obligation; obligation
value). binding on the owner of a hereditament as
FACULTATIF - obligation facultative - su ch.
obligation relating to a single act of perfor- RSERVE - obligation de rserve - obliga-
mance from which the performer may be re- tion to treat the court with respect; obliga-
leased by performing something else. tion of judge or civil servant to refrain from
FAIRE - obligation de faire - obligation to any actions or expression of opinions incom-
do something other than transfer a right in patible with his fonctions or loyalty to the
rem. state; obligation to exercise reserve; duty of
NE PAS - obligation de ne pas faire discretion.
- obligatioh to abstain (refrain) from RSULTAT - obligation de rsultat - obli-
doing something. gation to produce a specific result; absolute
FONCIER - obligation foncire - mortgage obligation.
debenture secured on land. SCURIT - obligation de scurit - duty
GARANTIE - obligation de garantie - of care foi the safety of others (implied by
(seller's) statutory warranty. case-law in certain contracts).
HYPOTHCAIRE - obligation hypoth- SOLIDAIRE - obligation solidaire - joint
and several obligation.
caire - mortgage debenture; mortgage bond.
STATUTAIRE - obligation statutaire -
IN SOLIDUM - obligation in solidum -
duty imposed by (the) statute(s), regul~
type of restricted joint and several liability
tions, etc.
which applies, eg, in the case of joJ').t tortfea-
SUCCESSORAL - obligation succ~sso'rale
sors or persans ,jointly liable on a bill of e.x:-
- liability of the estate.
change. It does not include the, effects based
TRSOR - obligation du Trsor - treasury
on.the presumed mutual agency of the co-
bond.
obligors. .
VALEUR - obligation de valeur - fixed-
JURIDIQUE - obligationjuridique - legal
value debt. .
duty; legal obligation.
VOISIN..t\..GE- obligations (ordin.a,ires) de
MOYEN - obligation de moyens - obliga-
voisinage ~ duties owed to neighbours.'
tion to use one's best endeavours (ie skill,
EXCS des obligati~ns (ordinaiores) de
care and diligence); duty to e:icercise skin and
voisinag.e - nuisa;n:ce.
care; best-en:deavours oblgati6n.'
NATU'REL - obigato:. natur~ili(:... natural OBLIGATOIRE - binding; compulsory;
obligation (obligation which cannot :be en- obligatory.
OBLIGATION OBLIGATOIRE
OBLIG 219 OFFICIER
OBLIG
.~
. ' ~ li
.QF,FICIER
OFFICIEUX 220 OPPORTUNIT
OFFICIEUX OPPORTUNIT
OPPOSABLE 221 ORDONNANCE
OPPOSABLE ORDONNANCE
ORDONNANCE 222 ORDRE
ORDONNANCE ORDRE
OUR 224 OYANT
OUIR OYANT
PACAGE PAPIER
p
PACAGE-right to pasture sheep; common of CHU - paiement chu - payment due.
pasture. ESPCE - paiement en espces - payment
SERVITUDE de pacage - profit of pasture. in cash.
PACTE FICTIF - paiement fictif- national pay-
COMMISSOIRE - pacte commissoire - ment.
foreclosure clause in a pledge or mortgage; FRACTIONN - paiement fractionn -
clause permitting the pledgee or mortgagee payment by instalments.
to keep the abject pledged or mortgaged INDU - paiement de l'indu - payment
in case of non-repayment; (more generally) in satisfaction of a non-existent obligation
rescission clause. (which gives rise to a right to restitution -
MATRIMONIAL - pacte matrimonial - money had and received).
marriage contract. INTRIEUR - paiement intrieur - inland
PRFRENCE - pacte de prfrence - payment.
pre-emption agreement. INTERVENTION - paiement par inter-
QUOTA LITIS - pacte de quota litis - vention - payment for honour.
agreement authorising another to pursue an LIBRATOIRE - paiement libratoire -
action on one's behalf in return for a share payment effecting a discharge (from an obli-
of the proceeds; champertous agreement (if gation).
entered into by a lawyer). NUMRAIRE - paiement en numraire -
RACHAT --pacte de rachat - redemption payment in cash.
clause; clause giving a vendor the right to PRSENTATION au paiement - presenta-
repurchase property (within five years). tion for payment.
RMR - pacte de rmr - redemption PROVISIONNEL - paiement provisionnel
clause; clause giving a vendor the right to - payment of an advance.
repurchase property (within five years). SOMMATION de paiement - official
SOCIAL - pacte social - articles of associa- demand for payment by the bailiff.
tion or partnership. SOUFFRANCE - paiement en souffrance
SUCCESSION FUTURE - pacte sur suc- - overde payment.
cession future - agreement on the succession SURSIS de paiement - extension of time for
of a living persan. payment.
TEMPRAMENT - paiement tempra-
PAIEMENT - performance of an obligation
ment - payment by instalments.
(payment of a debt) and more particularly perfor-
TROP - paiement en trop - overpayment.
mance of an obligation to pay money.
ANTICIPATION - paiement par anticipa- PAIR
tion - payment in advance. AU pair - at par.
CESSATION de(s) paiement(s) - cessation
(suspension) of (a debtor's) payments (state PAISSON - right of pasture for pigs.
preceding bankruptcy); inability to meet cur- PANACHAGE- the inclusion by a vote; of
rent liabilities; insolvency. candidates selected from different party lists in
COMPENSATOIRE - paiement compen- his voting-paper,
satoire - equalisation payment; deficiency
payment. PAPIER- bill of exchange.
DATION en paiement - satisfaction; accord COMPLAISANCE - papier de complai-
and satisfaction. sance - accommodation bill.
DLGATION de paiement - order DOMESTIQUE - papiers domestiques -
(instruction) to pay (usually addressed to family papers, eg diaries.
a banker). FAIT - pipier fait - bill with three signa-
CHELONN - paiement chelonn - tures accepted for rediscount by the Bank of
payment by instalments. France.
PACAGE PAPIER
PARADIS 226 PART
PARADIS PART
PARTAGE 227 PARTIE
PARTAGE PARTIE
PARTIE 228 PASSIF
CIVIL - partie civile - party claiming dam- Counsel when he takes part in civil proceed-
ages (in criminal proceedings); (sometimes) ings as plaintiff or defendant.
complainant. PRIVATIF - parties privatives - parts of a
COMMUN - parties communes - parts of building in co-ownership occupied exclusively
a building and its surroundings in the joint by the various co-owners .
ownership of the co-owners. . PROCS - partie au procs - party to the
COMPARANT - partie comparante - proceedings; litigant.
party before the court. PUBLIC - partie publique - Attorney-
CONSTITUTIF - partie constitutive - General's Depart:ment; the prosecution.
constituent part; essential part. RCLAMANT - partie rclamante - com-
CONTRACTANT- (haute) partie con- plainant; applicant.
tractante - (high) contracting party. REQURANT - partie requrante - plain-
DBOUT - partie dboute - unsuccess- tiff; applicant.
ful (losing) party. SUCCOMBANT - partie succombante -
DFAILLANT - partie dfaillante - party unsuccessful (losing) party.
failing to appear.
DFENDEUR - partie dfenderesse -
PAS-DE-PORTE- premium payable for the
right to occupy business premises; premium for
defendant; respondent.
goodwill.
DEMANDEUR - partie demanderesse -
plaintiff. PASSAGE- right ofway.
DIFFREND - partie au diffrend - liti- DROIT de passage - right of way.
gant. INOFFENSIF - passage inoffensif - inno-
GAGNANT - partie gagnante - successful cent passage.
party. USAGE - le passage a fait l'objet de
INDIGENT - partie indigente - poor trente ans d'usage - the right of way has
party. been exercised for thirty years.
INTGRANT - partie intgrante - essen-
tial component. PASSATION
INTERVENANT - partie intervenante- ACTE - passation d'un acte - execution of
third party; intervening party; intervener. a legal instrument.
INTIM - partie intime - respondent. CRITURE - passation en critures -
JOINT - partie jointe - co-plaintiff or co- posting (entry) in an account.
defendant; party joined as plaintiff or defen- POUVOIR - passation des pouvoirs -
dant; associated party; status. of State Coun- transfer of power; handing over of office
sel when he intervenes in civil proceedings to (fonctions).
submit his observations to the court. PASSAVANT- excise pass (for the transport
TRE - lorsqu'il est partie jointe - of wines and spirits and other merchandise); tran-
when he is joined in the proceedings. sire.
LS - partie lse - injured party.
LITIGE - partie au litige - party to the PASSE-DROIT - dispensation.
proceedings; litigant. PASSEPORT
OPPOSANT - partie opposante - object- SERVICE - passeport de service - serv:ice
ing party. passport.
PERDANT - partie perdante - unsuccess-
ful (losing) party. PAS SER - enter into; conclude.
PLAIGNANT - partie plaignante - com- ACTE - passer un acte - execute a legal
plainant. instrument.
POURSUIVANT - partie poursuivante - OUTRE - passer outre - continue (proceed-
plai:ntiff; applicant; prosecutor. ings) in spite of an objection etc.
PRENANT - partie prenante - party enti-
PASSIBLE
tled to receive payment.
DE - passible de - subject (liable) to.
PRSENT - partie prsente - party before
the court. PASSIF- liabilities.
PRINCIPAL - partie principale - State LMENT de passif - liability.
PARTIE PASSIF
PASSIONNEL 229 PEINE
PASSIONNEL PEINE
... J
PEINE 230 PNALIT
PEINE PNALIT
PENDANT 231 PRIMTRE
PENDANT PRIMTRE
PRIODE 232 PERSONNALIT
PRIODE PERSONNALIT
PERSONNIFICATION 234 PLAIDER
PERSONNIFICATION PLAIDER
PLAIDEUR 235 POLICE
PLAIDEUR POLICE
POLICE 236 PORTER
POLICE PORTER
PORTEUR 237 POSTULANT
PORTEUR- holder; bearer. the right of, on behalf of, un.der the author-
ACTION au porteur - bearer share; share ity of) another (and not in his own right);
warrant; bearer stock. custodian.
CHQUE - porteur d'un chque - holder
POSSESSION - possession; holding; occupa-
of a cheque.
tion; factual exercise of the rights pertaining to
CLAUSE au porteur - bearer clause.
ownership.
CONNAISSEMENT au porteur - bearer
BONNE FOI - see FOI below.
bill of lading.
ENTRE en possession - taking possession.
TRE au porteur - made out to bearer.
QUIVOQUE
OBLIGATION - porteur d'obligation -
NON - possession non quivoque -
debenture holder.
unequivocal (undisputed) possession.
PAPIER au porteur - bearer security.
TAT de possession - position established
PART - porteur de parts - participant
by actual occupation.
(investment fonds); shareholder.
TAT - possession d'tat - actual enjoy-
PETIT porteur - small shareholder.
ment of a certain civil (personal, family) sta-
POLICE - porteur de police - policyholder.
tus; public acceptance of a person's status;
POUVOIR - porteur de pouvoir - holder
factual possession of status; de facto enjoy-
of a power of attorney; attorney. ment of a certain status, eg the prerogatives
PORTION of citizenship; enjoyment of status by repute.
DISPONIBLE - portion disponible - por- FOI - possession de bonne foi - bona fi.de
tion of his estate which a testator may dis- possession or occupation.
pose of freely. PAISIBLE - possession paisible - peace-
HRDITAIRE - portion hrditaire - able possession.
share of an estate devolving on an heir. TROUBLE de la possession - trespass; nui-
SAISISSABLE - portion saisissable - sance; interference with (a person's) posses-
attachable portion, eg of earnings. sion (quiet enj oymen t). .
VIRIL - portion virile - one of several UTILE - possession utile - valid (effective)
equal shares in an estate. possession.
VRITABLE - prsomption de possession
POSITIF vritable - presumption that the possessor is
DROIT positif - positive law, ie the law as the true owner.
it actually exists, as opposed to natural law. VICE de la possession - defect in posses-
POSITIVISME sion.
JURIDIQUE - positivisme juridique - POSSESSOIRE
positivism (theory which rejects the concept ACTION possessoire - action to protect or
of natural law and main tains that the only recover possession; possessory action. There
law is the law actually in force at a given are three types: complainte - trespass, ie
time - positive law). when possession is disturbed by some factual
POSSDER or legal action; dnonciation de nouvel
PRCAIRE - possder titre prcaire - ceuvre, when works are commenced com-
occupy, possess or hold un.der (in the right pletion of which would interfere with posses-
sion; and rintgrande, whre a person.
of, on behalf of, un.der the authority of) an-
other (and not in one's own right); have cus- has been deprived of possession.
tody of. POSTE - item (in an account, budget, etc).
POSSESSEUR POSTERIORI - see A POSTERIORI.
ANTRIEUR - possesseur antrieur -
previous holder; previous occupant. POSTRIT - descendants; issue.
FOI - possesseur de bonne foi - bon.a fi.de POSTPNITENTIAIRE
holder; holder in good faith; bon.a fi.de occu-
ASSISTANCE postpnitentiaire - after-
pant. care.
PRCAIRE - possesseur prcaire - person
occupying, possessing or holding un.der (in POSTULANT - applicant for a post.
PORTEUR POSTULANT
POSTULAT 238 POURVOI
POSTULAT POURVOI
POURVOIR 239 POUVOIR
POURVOIR POUVOIR
POURVOIR 239 POUVOIR
POURVOIR POUVOIR
PRATIQUE 240 PRJUDICE
PRATIQUE PRJUDICE
PRJUDICIABLE 241 PRPOSITION
PRJUDICIABLE PRPOSITION
PRRQUISITION 242 PRESCRIPTION
PRRQUISITION PRESCRIPTION
PRESCRIRE 243 PRSOMPTION
period, after which it continues to run again INTRIM - prsident par intrim - acting
from the point reached when the suspension chairman (president )_.
began. (Cf INTERRUPTION above.) PREMIER prsident - President (of the
PRESCRIRE - make regulation etc; obtain Court of Appeal or Court of Cassation).
( acquire) by prescription. PRSIDENT-DIRECTEUR GN-
POSSESSEUR - le tiers possesseur pres-
RAL - chairman and general manager (man-
crit la fois contre l'usufruitier et con- aging director).
tre le nu-propritaire - time runs in favour
of the occupier against both the life tenant PRSOMPTIF
(usufructuary) and the remainderman. HRITIER prsomptif- heir presumptive,
SE prescrire - lapse by limitation; be sub- ie who will be heir if no nearer relative is
ject to limitation. born.
PRESCRIT - statute-barred; time-barred; PRSOMPTION - presumption, ie the infer-
barred by limitation.
ence of an unproved fact from a fact already es-
PRSANCE - precedence. tablished; inference; some (prima facie) evidence;
indication.
PRSENCE - (in plural) attendance register. ABSOLU - prsomption al]solue - irrebut-
JETON de prsence - (eg director's) atten- table (irrefutable) presumption.
dance fee. HOMME - prsomption de l'homme - pre-
PRSENT sumption of fact; supporting evidence; rebut-
USAGE - prsents d'usage - traditional table (refutable) presumption; evidence tend-
gifts. ing to prove.
INFRACTION - prsomption d'infraction
PRSENTATION - prima facie offence.
DROIT de prsentation - right to name a
IRRFRAGABLE - prsomption irrfra-
successor for appointment to certain profes-
gable - irrebuttable (irrefutable) presump-
sional offices, such as those of bailiff, regis-
tion.
trar, stockbroker or auctioneer.
JURIS ET DE JURE - prsomption juris
PAIEM~NT - prsentation au paiement -
et de jure - absolute (irrebuttable, irrefu-
presentation for payment.
table) presumption.
VOLONTAIRE - prsentation volontaire
JURISPRUDENTIEL - prsomption juris-
- voluntary appearance of the parties (means
of commencing proceedings before the dis- prudentielle - presumption established by
case-law.
trict court (tribunal d'instance)).
JURIS TANTUM - prsomption juris tan-
PRSENTER - submit; move; file. tum - rebuttable (refutable) presumption;
AMENDEMENT - prsenter un amende- statutory rebuttable presumption.
ment - move (table) an amendment. LGAL - prsomption lgale - statutory
DUPLIQUE - prsenter une duplique - file presumption; presumption of law.
a rejoinder. POSSESSION - prsomption de.posses-
SE prsenter spontanment - report volun- sion vritable - presumption that the pos-
tarily. sessor is the true owner.
PRSIDENT RGULARIT - prsomption de rgulari-
GE - prsident d'ge - oldest member (of t - presumption that proceedings have have
a committee etc) acting as chairman (presi- been properly conducted.
dent) ad interim. RELATIF - prsomption relative - rebut-
CHAMBRE - prsident de chambre - table (refutable) presumption.
president of a division of the Court of Appeal SIMPLE - prsomption simple - rebuttable
or Court of Cassation. (refutable) presumption.
EXERCICE - prsident en exercice - TOMBER - faire tomber une prsomption
chairman(-in-offi.ce); president(-in-offi.ce). - rebut (refute) a presumption.
HONNEUR - prsident d'honneur - hon- VIE - prsomption de vie - presumption
orary president ( chairman). that a persan is alive.
PRESCRIRE PRSOMPTION
PRESSE 244 PRTENTION
PRESSE PRT-loan.
DLIT de presse - offence against the legis- AVENTURE - prt l'aventure ( la
lation on the press. grosse aventure) - bottomry loan.
PRESSION BONIFI - prt bonifi - interest rebate
EXERCER - tendant exercer des. pres- loan; soft loan.
sions - prejudicial. CONSOMMATION - prt de consomma-
TMOIN - pression sur les tmoins - in- tion) - loan of money (or other fongible or
timidation of witnesses. consumable goods) of which the borrower is
under an obligation to restore an equivalent
PRESTATAIRE - person performing or liable quantity; money loan.
to perform an obligation; promisor; person from CONVENTIONNEL - prt conventionnel
whom something is requisitioned. - contractual loan.
PRESTATION - thing or service promised in CORPS - prt sur corps - bottomry loan.
a contract; fulfilment (performance, execution) of FONCIER- prt foncier - mortgage loan;
this promise; (promised) benefit; subject-matter (to a company) mortgage debenture.
of the contract; act of performance forming the FONDS PERDU - prt fonds perdu(s) -
subject-matter of an obligation; thing, service irredeemable loan.
or payment which the obligor is bound to trans- GAGE - prt sur gage - loan secured by a
fer, furnish or make for the benefit of the obligee; pledge.
thing etc promised; performance; (social-security) GROS - prt la grosse (aventure) - bot-
benefit; (in plural) acts of performance. tomry loan.
ACCESSOIRE - prestation accessoire - HYPOTHCAIRE - prt hypothcaire -
collateral benefit. mortgage (loan).
BNFICIAIRE d'une prestation - bene:fi- HYPOTHQUE
ciary; person receiving a benefit; promisee. PREMIER - prt en premire hypo-
COMPENSATOIRE - prestation com- thque - loan secured by a :first mort-
pensatoire - pecuniary provision on divorce gage.
(intended to equalise the position of the ex- SUR - prt sur hypothque - mort-
spouses). gage (loan).
DBITEUR d'une prestation - person USURAIRE - prt usuraire - loan at an
liable to confer a benefit; person liable to unconscionable rate of interest.
perform a contract; promisor.
DLAI de prestation - time for perfor- PRTE-NOM - agent who acts in his own
mance. name; man of straw; nominee; factor; agent of a
D - prestation due - thing or service principal whose name is not disclosed.
owed.
ESPCE - prestation en espces - pay- PRTENDRE - claim; maintain; submit;
ment in cash; cash bene:fit. allege.
FAMILIAL - prestations familiales - fam- POUVOIR - pouvoir prtendre - be
ily allowances. quali:fied for.
MATERNIT - prestation de maternit -
PRTENDU
maternity beriefit.
GALIT - prtendue galit des contrac-
NATURE - prestation en nature - bene:fit
tants - notional (ostensible) equality of the
in kind.
contracting parties.
SERMENT - prestation de serment -
taking an oath. PRTENDUMENT - allegedly.
SERVICE - prestation de service - per-
forming a service. PRTENTION - claim; allegation; cause of
SOCIAL - prestations sociales - social- action; allegation in pleadings; ground of defence;
security bene:fits. submission; pleading.
. SUCCESSIF - prestations successives - ALIMENTAIRE- prtention alimentaire
performance in instalments. (Sw) - maintenance claim.
SRET - prestation de sret - giving CHIFFRER ses prtentions - quantify
security. one's daims.
PRESSE PRTENTION
PRIORIT 247 PRIVILGE
PRIORIT PRIVILGE
PRIVILGI 248 PROCDURE
PRIVILGI PROCDURE
PROCDURE 249 PROCS
PROCDURE PROCS
PROCESSIF 250 PRODUIRE
, FILIATION - procs en filiation - proceed- GNRAL - procuration gnrale - gen-
ings to establish legitimacy or paternity. eral power of attorney; general authority.
FORME - procs en bonne et due forme - NOTARI - procuration notarie - offi-
properly conducted trial. cially recorded power of attorney.
GAGNER un procs- win a case. RVOCATION d'une procuration - revo-
INSTANCE - procs en instance - pending cation of a power of attorney.
proceedings. SPCIAL - procuration spciale - special
INTENTER un procs - begin (start, com- power of attorney.
mence) proceedings; bring an action.
VENTE - procuration pour la vente -
MARCHE d'un procs - course of proceed- authority to sell.
ings.
VOTE par procuration - proxy vote; vote
, MENER un procs:..._ conduct proceedings.
given by a proxy.
PERDRE un procs - lose a case.
PROCESSIF - procedural; (of a litigant) PROCUREUR- public prosecutor; State
vexatious; (of other persans) litigious. prosecutor (Counsel); Legal Adviser; (Belg)
Crown prosecu tor ( Counsel).
PROCESSUEL - procedural. TAT - procureur d'tat (Lux) - State
DROIT processuel - procedure. prosecutor (Counsel).
PROCS-VERBAL - (official) record or re- GNRAL - procureur gnral - Princi-
port; minute; police report; memorandum (min- pal State Prosecutor (Counsel); Attorney-
utes) of proceedings; record of acts performed by General; Principal Legal Adviser; (Belg)
a bailiff (eg service or attachment); (parking etc) Principal Crown Prosecutor (Counsel).
ticket. RPUBLIQUE - procureur de la Rpu-
, AUDIENCE - procs-verbal d'audience - blique - public prosecutor; State prosecutor
record of the hearing. (Counsel).
, AUDITION - procs-verbal d'audition - ROI - procureur du Roi (Belg) - public
deposition; record of evidence taken from a prosecutor; Crown prosecutor (Counsel).
witness.
, CAISSE - procs-verbal de caisse - certifi- PRO DEO (Belg) - legal aid; in forma pau-
peris; poor persons'.
cate of verification of cash.
CARENCE - procs-verbal de carence - PRODIGALIT- extravagance.
official report (affidavit) of failure to attend
or failure to perform some obligation or to do PRODIGUE - extravagant person; spend-
some specific thing; bailiff's return that there thrift.
is no property to be seized (nulla bona).
, DBAT - procs-verbal des dbats - PRODUCTEUR- manufacturer; producer.
record of the proceedings; transcript of the PRODUCTION - production (disclosure)
trial. (of documents etc); proving (proof) (of debts or
, DRESSER - il en est dress procs-verbal daims in bankruptcy and similar proceedings).
- the proceedings are recorded. ACTE - production d'actes - production of
, INTGRAL - procs-verbal intgral - ver-
documents (in evidence, for inspection).
batim record.
BIENS de production - capital goods,
, RSUM - procs-verbal rsum - sum-
CRANCE - production d'une crance -
mary record.
proof of a debt (in bankruptcy).
PROCURATION - power of attorney; au- JUSTICE - production en justice - pro-
thority; counsel's authority to act (for a client). duction in evidence.
, ACTE de procuration - power of attorney;
authority. PRODUIRE- produce (disclose) (documents
, DFAUT de procuration - lack of author- etc); (of evidence) adduce (bring); (of a debt or
ity. daim in bankruptcy) prove.
LECTORAL - procuration lectorale - CRANCE - produire une crance - prove
authority to vote on behalf of another; proxy. a debt (in bankruptcy).
, ENDOS (SEMENT) de procuration - en- JUSTICE - produire en justice - produce
dorsement signed by an agent or manager. in evidence.
PROCESSIF PRODUIRE
PRODUIT 251 PRONONCER
PRODUIT PRONONCER
PROPAGATION 252 PROROGER
PROPAGATION PROROGER
PROSPECTION 253 PUBLIC
PROSPECTION PUBLIC
PUBLICATION 254 PURGER
PUBLICATION PURGER
QUALIFICATION QUESTION
QUiLIFICATi>N QUESTION
QUI 256 QUOTIT
QUI QUOTIT
RABATTEMENT RAPPORT
R
RABATTEMENT VALEUR de la raison sociale - good-
DFAUT - rabattement de dfaut - set- will.
ting aside a judgment (obtained) by default
(where the defendant appears before the end
RAISONNEMENT
of the hearing). A CONTRARIO - raisonnement a con-
trario - principle that a rule of law shall not
RABATTRE- set aside (ajudgment (ob- be extended to cover similar situations; prin-
tained) by default etc). ciple of non-extensive interpretation; expres-
sio unius est exclusio alterius (opposite of
RACHAT - redemption. extension by analogy); restrictive interpreta-
DROIT de rachat - right of (option to) re- tion; argument from the converse.
purchase; vendor's right of pre-emption.
FACULT de rachat - right of (option to) RALLIER
repurchase; vendor's right of pre-emption. SE ralli~r - accept; concur in (view etc).
PLANCHE - rachat de planche - dispatch
RANG - ranking (of creditors or secured credi-
money.
tors, liens, etc); seniority; priority.
SERVITUDE - rachat d'une servitude -
PRENDRE rang avant - take precedence
redemption of an easement.
over .
VALEUR de rachat - surrender value.
RANGER
RACOLAGE
AVIS - se ranger l'avis de - agree with;
VOIE PUBLIQUE - racolage sur la voie
share the opinion of.
publique - soliciting or molestation by pros-
titutes. RAPPEL - recall; back payment of a salary etc
increase; back pay.
RADIATION - cancellation of an entry; strik-
ANCIENNET - rappel d'anciennet -
ing out or striking off a list.
grant of additional seniority or years of ser-
BARREAU - radiation du barreau - dis-
vice (eg in calculating a pension).
barment; striking off the roll.
AUGMENTATION- rappel en augmen-
RLE - radiation du rle - (of a court)
tation - back pay (eg in the case of a retro-
striking (a case) out (of the list) (striking (a
spective salary increase).
case) off the list) (eg for failure to pur sue the
DIMINUTION - rappel en diminution'-
proceedings).
demand for restitution of an overpayment.
RADIER- (of a court) strike (a case) out (of IMPT - rappel d'impt - supplementary
the list); strike (a case) off the list. assessment; demand for arrears of tax.
LETTRE - lettres de rappel - ( ambassa-
RAISON dor's) letters of recall.
COMMERCIAL - raison commerciale -
RGLEMENT- rappel au rglement-
fancy name under which a business is carried
point of order.
on, eg "The Three Pigeons"; trade name.
TRAITEMENT - rappel de traitement -
TAT - raison d'tat - political justifica-
back pay; payment of arrears of salary.
tion, esp for immoral proceeding; reason of
St a te. RAPPORT- (bringing into) hotchpot; setting
OPPORTUNIT - raisons d'opportunit - aside (of an order); report; refationship.
grounds on which (a decision etc) is taken. ACTIVIT - rapport d'activits - ( com-
SERVICE - raisons de service - depart- pany) report.
mental requirements; exigencies of the ser- CAUSALIT - rapport de causalit -
vice. causal relationship; relationship of cause and
SOCIAL - raison sociale - firm name; busi- effect.
ness name including the names of all or some CIRCONSTANCI - rapport circon-
of the personally liable partners. stanci - detailed report.
RABATTEMENT RAPPORT
RAPPORTABLE 258 RECEL
RAPPORTABLE RECEL-
RECEL 259 RCLAMATION
RECEL RCLAMATION
RECLASSEMENT 260 RECOURS
RECLASSEMENT RECOURS
RECOURS 261 RECOURS
RECOURS RECOURS
RECOUVREMENT 262 REDEVANCE
RCRANCE REDEVANCE
LETTRES de rcrance - (ambassador's) TAT - redevances due l'tat - dues
letters of recall. (royalties) payable to the state; licence fees.
RECOUVREMENT REDEVANCE
RDHIBITION 263 RFLEXION
RDHIBITION RFLEXION
REFORMATIO IN PEJUS 264 RGIR
RFORMER - (of a higher court) set aside, RGIME - rules governing; arrangements;
(partially) alter (vary, rectify) or reverse (a judg- treatment; provisions; regime; scheme.
ment); (sometimes) interfere with. ASSISTANCE - rgime d'assistance judi-
REFOULEMENT - refusal of entry (at a ciaire - legal-aid scheme.
frontier); removal; return. CARRIRE - rgime des carrires - rules
governing quarries.
REFOULER- refuse entry (at a frontier);
remove; return. CELLULAIRE - rgime cellulaire - soli-
tary (cellular) confinement; solitary deten-
REFUGE tion; p]:ison with separate cells.
MAISON de refuge - assistance home (for
DIFFRENTIEL - rgime diffrentiel -
persans dependent on some form of national
different treatment.
assistance, eg vagrants); shelter (for battered
wives etc). DISCRIMINATOIRE- rgime discrimina-
toire - different treatment.
RFUGI
DOTAL - rgime dotal - system (regime)
NATIONAL - rfugi national - refugee
of marital property (abolished in France in:
returning to his original homeland; national
1965) in which the wife's dowry (biens do-
refugee.
taux) was inalienable. (It continues to ap-
REFUS ply to persans who adopted it before 1966.)
DPOSER - refus de dposer - refusal to FACULTATIF - rgime facultatif- optional
give evidence. provisions.
DPT - refus du dpt - refusal by the
FAVEUR - rgime de faveur - preferential
registrar to accept an application for regis-
treatment.
tration.
ENTRETIEN - refus d'entretien'-- refusal FISCAL - rgime fiscal des organisations
to pay maintenance (to maintain). but non lucratif - tax treatment of non-
EXCUTIOJ::ol" - refus d'excution - refusal profit-making organisations. ,
to perform; repudiation. JURIDIQUE - rgime juridique - rules
IMPT - refus de l'impt - refusal to pay governing.
taxes. PARTICULIER- rgime particulier
VENTE - refus de vente - refusal by a juridique - special legal arrangements;
trader to sell or provide his usual services special rules.
(a criminal offence) .
MATRIMONIAL - rgime matrimonial
RFUTER - rebut. - system (regime) of mtrimonial (marital).
NON rfut - unrebutted. property.
REGARD PRFRENTIEL - rgime prfrentiel-
DROIT de regard - right of inspection or preferential treatment.
supervision. PREUVE - rgime des preuves - rules of
GESTION - droit de regard sur la evidence. /
gestion - right to be informed about the
management. RGIR - govern.
RGISSEUR RGLEMENT
RGLEMENTAIRE 266 RELATIF
RGLEMENTAIRE RELATIF
RELATION 267 REMEMBREMENT
RELATION REMEMBREMENT
RMR 268 RENTE
RMR RENTE
RENTRE 269 RPERTOIRE
RENTRE RPERTOIRE
RPTER 270 RPRESSIF
RPTER RPRESSIF
RPRESSION 271 REQUTE
RPRESSION REQUTE
RPRESSION 271 REQUTE
RPRESSION REQUTE
REQUIS 272 RSERVE
REQUIS RSERVE
RESPONSABILIT 274 RESTE
RESPONSABILIT RESTE
RESTITUTION 275 RETRAIT
RESTITUTION RETRAIT
RETRAITE 276 REVIREMENT
RETRAITE REVIREMENT
RETRAITE 276 REVIREMENT
RETRAITE REVIREMENT
RVISION 277 RUPTURE
(in) judicial doctrine or policy; new line of VOIE PUBLIQUE ~ riverain d'une voie
decisions; new precedent; reversal of prece- publique - frontager; persan owning land
dent; departure from (abandonment of) abutting on a street.
existing precedents (previously established
RIVERAINET
doctrine).
DROITS de riverainet - riparian rights;
RVISION - revision; review; retrial (in crim- frontager's rights.
inal cases); modification of a contract, legislation,
RIXE - fight; affray; brawl.
etc.
, ORGANE de rvision - auditor; board of RO = recueil officiel.
auditors.
POURVOI en rvision - application for a
RLE
AUDIENCE- rle d'audience - list (of
retrial.
, RECOURS en rvision - application to re- cases for hearing).
open civil proceedings on grounds of error of ROULAGE - traffi.c.
factor law. POLICE du roulage - traffi.c police or polic-
REQUTE en rvision - application for a ing.
retrial.
ROULEMENT
RVOCATION - repeal; revocation; can- CAPITAL de roulement - current assets;
cellation; withdrawal; dismissal (of an official); working capital.
discharge (of an order etc). MAGISTRAT - roulement des magistrats
, ACTION en rvocation - action to set aside - annual assignment of judges to the various
for error, deceit, duress, etc. chambers of a court.
" DONATION - action en rvocation de
(d'une) donation - action to revoke a RS =recueil systmatique.
gift. RUBRIQUE - item; heading.
, DONATION - rvocation de (d'une) dona-
tion - revocation of a gift. RUPTURE
BAN - rupture de ban - offence of return-
RVOQUER- repeal; revoke; cancel; with- ing to French territory (committed by a per-
draw; dismiss; discharge (a court order). san who has been banished); also applies to
TESTAMENT - rvoquer un testament - persans under order not to live in a specific
revoke a will. region.
RICOCHET , CONTRAT DE TRAVAIL- rupture du
DOMMAGE par ricochet - indirect dam- contrat de travail - premature termination
age suffered by dependants (or others simi- of an employment contract.
larly situated) from the death or injury of a " ABUSIF - rupture abusive du contrat
victim. de travail - unfair dismissal; wrongful
dismissal.
RIGUEUR , FIANAILLES - rupture de fianailles -
DLAI de rigueur - strict time-limit.
breach of promise of marriage.
RISQUE LIEN CONJUGAL - rupture du lien con-
ACCEPTATION des risques - volenti non jugal - de facto separation.
fit injuria. VIE COMMUNE - rupture de la vie com-
, LOCATIF - risque locatif- tenant's liabil- mune - cessation of cohabitation; living
ity (for damage caused by fire). apart; de facto separation; termination of
, TRANSFERT des risques - passing of the consortium either by prolonged de facto sep-
risk, eg on a sale. aration (six years) or by supervening perma-
RIVERAIN - riparian owner; adjacent (abut- nent insanity.
ting) owner.
RVISION RUPTURE
SAGESSE SAISIR
SAGESSE
sSAISIE-EXCUTION - attachment of
REMETTRE goods; execution against goods.
S'EN remettre la sagesse de la cour
- leave it to the discretion of the court. SAISIE-GAGERIE - preventive attachment
of a tenant's goods by the landlord; distress for
SAISI - judgment debtor whose goods have rent.
been attached (seized).
TIERS saisi - garnishee; person in whose SAISIE-OPPOSITION - notice of attach-
hands money owing to a debtor is attached. ment of a debt.
SAISIE - seizure (of drugs, contraband, etc);
SAISIE-REVENDICATION - judicial or-
attachment or seizure of property in execution.
der to ensure the conservation of property which
CONSERVATOIRE- saisie conservatoire
the owner is seeking to recover from a third party.
- preventive attachment, ie an attachment
before the creditor has obtained judgment SAISIE-VENTE - attachment of a debtor's
in order to prevent the debtor rendering his tangible movables. The movables may be at-
property inaccessible to execution by dissi- tached either in the debtor's possession or in that
pating or transferring his assets. (Cf Mareva of a third person.
injunction ( asset-freezing order) .)
CONTREFAON - saisie contrefaon - SAISINE - right of an heir to take possession
procedure to establish an infringement of in- of the deceased's property without formalities;
tellectual property. act or fact of bringing a case before a court; case
DROIT de saisie - right to seize (in connec- referred (to a court).
tion with certain offen ces). COUR - saisine de la cour - reference of a
GAGE - droit de saisie du gage - right case (bringing (of) a case b efore) the court.
to attach property as a security for pay'-
DIRECT - saisine directe - direct commit-
ment. tal.
FORAIN - saisie foraine - preventive
FONCTION - la saisine du juge d'appel
attachment of the goods of a person not
est fonction de la dclaration d'appel - the
resident in a town or district, eg by a hotel-
jurisdiction of the appeal court is limited
keeper.
IMMOBILIER - saisie immobilire - exe- ( circumscribed) by (the grounds stated in)
cution against real property. the notice of appeal.
REL - saisie relle - attachment of real JURIDICTION - saisine de la juridiction
property. - commencement of proceedings.
SAGESSE SAISIR
SAISIR-ARRTER 280 SECONDAIRE
SAISIR-ARRTER SECONDAIRE
SPAR 282 SERVITUDE
SPAR SERVITUDE
SERVITUDE 283 SVICES
imposed on property in the public interest; obli- MILITAIRE - servitude militaire - ease-
gation. ment imposed for reasons of military security.
ADMINISTRATIF- servitude adminis- NON JEDIFICANDI - servitude non
trative - public servitude; local land charge. redificandi - obligation not to build on the
ALIGNEMENT - servitude d'alignement land.
- obligation to comply with a building line. PA CAGE - servitude de pacage - profit of
AMLIORATION - servitude d'amliora- pasture.
tion - obligation to comply with administra- PASSAGE- servitude de passage - right
tive regulations when making alterations. ofway.
APPUI - servitude d'appui - easement of 11 BTAIL - servitude de passage du
SERVITUDE SVICES
SIGE 284 SOCIT
SIGE SOCIT
SOCIT 285 SOLIDARIT
SOCIT SOLIDARIT
SOLIDIT 286 SOUS-SECTION
PASSIF - solidarit passive - rules govern- CHANGE avec soulte - exchange with
ing joint and several debtors. payment of the difference.
SOLIDIT SOUMISSION - tender.
PREUVE - solidit des preuves - reliabil-
ity of the evidence. SOUMISSIONNAIRE- tenderer; persan
tendering.
SOLIDUM - see IN SOLIDUM.
SOUMISSIONNER - tender for a contract.
SOLUTION - interpretation.
SOURICIRE - police trap.
SOLVABILIT- solvency.
SOLVABLE - solvent. SOUS-ACQUREUR - sub-purchaser.
SOLIDIT SOUS-SECTION
SOUS-SOL 287 STATUER
SOUS-SOL STATUER
STATUT 288 SUBROG
STATUT SUBROG
SUBROGER 289 SUCCESSION
SUBROGER SUCCESSION
SUCCESSORAL 290 SUJET
SlllJCCESSORAL SUJET
SUJTION 291 SRET
rights and being subject to obligations; per- ENFANT (PART) - supposition d'enfant
san, ie having legal personality; legal persan; (de part) - attributing a child to an imagi-
(in an international context) subject oflaw. nary woman or to a woman who has not con-
INTERNATIONAL - sujet de droit ceived; passing off a child.
international - persan recognised by
international law as having rights and SUPPRESSION - cancellation; termination;
duties (as having legal personality); sub- withdrawal (of a service etc); extinguishment;
ject of (international) law. abolition; deletion; punishment; repression.
MIXTE - sujet mixte - persan with two or CADAVRE - suppression de cadavre -
more nationalities. concealment of a body.
PASSIF - sujet passif (d'un droit, d'une ENFANT (PART) - suppression d'enfant
obligation) - persan against whom a right (de part) - causing the disappearance of a
may be enforced; obligor; promisor; debtor; new-born child (charge brought where noth-
persan bound by (liable to perform) an obli- ing more can be proved); concealment of
gation. birth.
SUJTION SRET
SUREXPERT 292 SUSPENSION
SURFACE SUSCRIPTION
DROIT de surface - surface rights (in a ACTE de suscription - solicitor's endorse-
piece of land containing minerals); right in ment on the sealed envelope of a secret will.
rem to buildings and plantations on the land
of another; surface owner's rights; building SUSPECT - person being questioned by the
owner's rights; building lease. police; suspect.
PRIODE suspecte - period of relation
SURSEOIR back ( doubtful period) from adjudication
EXCUTION - surseoir l'excution- in bankruptcy to the date on which the
stay execution (of a judgment); reprieve (in debtor first ceased to meet his obligations.
the case of a capital sentence). (The debtor's transactions during this period
STATUER- surseoir statuer - defer a
may be challenged by the creditors, acting
decision; stay or adjourn the proceedings. through the trustee in bankruptcy).
SURSIS - stay; adjournment; deferment; sus-
pension of sentence (ie the sentence is pronounced
SUSPENDRE
but not executed); probation; giving (an exten- PRESCRIPTION - suspendre la prescrip-
sion of) time for the payment of a debt. tion - stop time running for the purposes of
EMPRISONNEMENT - sursis l'empri- limitation or prescription.
sonnement - postponement of imprisonment. SUSPENSIF
PREUVE - sursis avec mise l'preuve -
CONDITION suspensive - condition prece-
probation. dent (of (in) a contract etc, to a transaction
EXCUTION - sursis l'excution - stay
etc).
of execution (of a judgment); reprieve (in the
case of a capital sentence). SUSPENSION - deferred sentence; suspen-
INCORPORATION - sursis de incorpora- sion; adjournment.
tion - postponement of call-up. AUDIENCE - suspension d'audience -
PAIEMENT - sursis de paiement - exten- (short) adjournment of a hearing.
sion of time for payment. CONDAMNATION - suspension de la
STATUER- sursis statuer - adjourn- condamnation - deferment of (conviction
ment, suspension or stay of proceedings. and) sentence.
SURSITAIRE - conscript whose period of CONDITIONNEL - suspension condition-
service has been postponed. nelle de l'excution - conditional remission
(suspension) of sentence.
SURVEILLANCE DLAI - suspension des dlais - suspen-
HIRARCHIQUE - surveillance hirar-
sion of the limitation or prescription period,
chique - supervision by one's official (imme-
after which it continues to run again from
diate) superior.
the point reached when the suspension be-
SURVEILLANT-CHEF - chiefwarder. gan. (Cf INTERRUPTION.)
SUREXPERT SUSPENSION
SUSPICION 293 SYSTME
SUSPICION SYSTME
TABLEAU TEL
T
TABLEAU RESSORT - taux de ressort - financial
AVOCAT - tableau d'avocats - roll (of limit on the jurisdiction (of a lower court);
counsel entitled to practise); bar roll. sum up to which a court has jurisdiction.
ORDRE - tableau de l'ordre - roll (of
TAXATION - assessment; price-fixing; taxa-
counsel entitled to practise); bar roll.
tion.
TCHE DPENS (FRAIS) - taxation des dpens
RMUNRATION la tche - piece-work (frais) - taxation of costs.
(rate).
TAXE - fee; due; duty; tax.
TACITE- implied. CHIFFRE D'AFFAIRES - taxe sur le
RECONDUCTION - tacite reconduction chiffre d'affaires - turnover tax.
(reconduction tacite) - tacit renewal (of a CONSOMMATION - taxe de consomma-
lease etc). tion - excise duty.
DCLARATION - taxe de dclaration -
TACITEMENT
registration fee.
ENTENDU - tacitement entendu - im-
FRAIS - taxe des frais - taxation of costs.
plicitly (tacitly) agreed.
HABITATION - taxe d'habitation -
TALION accommodation (housing) tax.
LOI du talion - principle of retaliation (an MUNICIPAL - taxe municipal- town rate;
eye for an eye). rates; local-authority tax.
MUTATION - taxe de mutation - transfer
TALON - counterfoil; talon for renewal of
tax.
coupons.
PROPRIT - taxe sur les mutations
TAPAGE de proprit - conveyancing duty.
NOCTURNE - tapage nocturne - creating ORDONNANCE de taxe - order fixing
a disturbance ( disturbing the peace) at night. the costs; certificate of taxed costs; allo-
catur; taxation of costs (by the president
TARDIF - out of time; too late.
of the court on an appeal from a taxation
TARDIVEMENT - out of time; too late. (vrification des dpens) by the reg-
istry).
TARDIVET - being out of time. PARAFISCAL - taxe parafiscale - tax
TARIF payable to a body other than the state or
CRIMINEL - tarif criminel - scale of costs a territorial (local) authority.
(charges) in criminal proceedings ( criminal PROFESSIONNEL - taxe professionnelle
costs). - trade tax.
NOTAIRE - tarif des notaires - scale of TMOIN - taxe des tmoins - witness
solicitors' charges. allowance; conduct-money.
VALEUR AJOUTE - taxe sur la valeur
TAUX ajote - value-added tax.
COMPTENCE - taux de compte:ice -
financial limit on the jurisdiction (of a lower TECHNICIEN - expert; specialist.
court); sum up to which a court has jurisdic- TECHNIQUE
tion.
JURIDIQUE - d'aprs la technique juri-
FORFAITAIRE- taux forfaitaire - fiat
dique - from a legal standpoint; technically
rate. (legally) (speaking) .
INTRT - taux d'intrt - rate of inter-
est. TEL
NOMINAL - taux d'intrt nominal - QUEL - tel quel - as inspected by the pur-
nominal interest. chaser; with all faults.
TABLEAU TEL
TLOLOGIQU 296 TERME
TLOLOGIQUE TERME
TERRAIN 297 TICKET
TERRAIN TICKET
TIERS 298 TITRE
TIERS - third party; third persan; stranger (to TIRER - draw (bill of exchange etc).
a contract, the proceedings, etc); non-member. ARGUMENT- tirer argument de - rely
ACQUREUR - tiers acqureur - third on.
party or stranger to a transaction who DE - tir de - (argument etc) based on.
acquires the property in question.
ARBITRE - tiers arbitre - umpire. TIREUR - drawer.
ASSUR - tiers assur - beneficiary named
TITRE - document; security; title; daim;
in an insurance policy to which he is not a authority; qualification; (estimates) vote; (code)
party. part; section. The French, Belgian and Lux-
DBITEUR - tiers dbiteur - debtor of a embourg Civil Codes are divided into livres
debtor; garnishee. (books), titres (parts), chapitres (chapters),
DTENTEUR - tiers dtenteur - third sections (sections) and articles (articles). The
party into whose hands property has passed; Swiss Civil Code is divided into livres (books),
owner of land subject to a mortgage not per- parties (parts), titres (sections), chapitres
sonally liable for the mortgage debt, eg a (chapters) and articles (articles).
purchaser of land subject to a mortgage. quel titre - by what right.
LS - les tiers lss peuvent s'adresser
ADIR - titre adir - lost security, certifi-
aux tribunaux - the persans injured may
cate or other document.
apply to the courts.
AUTHENTIQUE - titre authentique -
OPPOSANT - tiers opposant - third party
offi.cially or notarially recorded document;
applying to set aside a judgment adversely
document recorded by a solicitor.
affecting his interests.
CAUTION - titre de caution - as a
OPPOSITION - tierce opposition -
RlirP.t.v.
application by a third party (ie a persan not
CONTREFAIT - titre contrefait - forged
represented in the proceedings) to set aside a
document.
judgment adversely affecting his interests.
CRANCE - titre de crance - document
INCIDENT - tierce opposition inci-
dente - application by a third party incorporating a debt or obligation.
incidental to pending ptoceedings to set DPENSE - titre de dpense - head of
aside a judgment. expenditure; expenditure vote.
PRINCIPAL - tierce opposition prin- DPT - titres en dpt - securities held
cipale - application by a third party on deposit.
independent of pending proceedings to DTENTION - titre de dtention - com-
set aside a judgment. mittal order.
PAYANT- tiers payant- direct(-)payment CROU - titre d'crou - committal order
(system), ie whereby the insurance fund, (warrant).
authority, etc pays the hospital, practitioner, ENDOSSABLE - titre endossable - nego-
etc direct. tiable instrument of title such as a bill of lad-
PERSONNE - tierce personne - persan ing.
who assists a disabled persan unable to do EXCUTOIRE - titre excutoire - ( docu-
the ordinary things a person normally does ment embodying) authority to execute (en-
for himself. force); writ of execution.
PROVISIONNEL - tiers provisionnel - FALSIFI - titre falsifi - forged document.
advance of one-third of the tax due for the FAUX titre - forged document.
current year. GAGE - titre de gage - document of title
RESPONSABLE - tiers responsable - per- to a pledge.
san vicariously liable. GARANTIE - au titre de la garantie -
SAISI - tiers saisi - garnishee. under the guarantee.
TIMBRE GRACIEUX - titre gracieux - without
DROIT de timbre - stamp duty. consideration; gratuitously.
PASSEPORT - droit de timbre sur les HYPOTHCAIRE - titre hypothcaire -
passeports - passport fee. mort gage ( deed).
INTERVERSION de titres -'- position where
TIR - drawee. a persan not previously holding in his own
TIERS TITRE
TOTALISATION 300 TRANSACTIONNEL
TOTALISATION TRANSACTIONNEL
TRANSCRIPTION 301 TRANSPORTEUR
TRANSCRIPTION TRANSPORTEUR
TRAVAIL 302 TRIBUNAL
TRAVAIL TRIBUNAL
TRIBUNAL 303 TROUBLE
mineurs, the tribunaux aux armes BAIL - tribunal paritaire de baux ru-
and the Haute Cour de justice. raux - agricultural land tribunal.
EXCUTION - tribunal charg de l'ex- PEUPLE - tribunal du peuple - people's
cution (tribunal d'excution) - execution court.
court, ie court responsible for matters con- POLICE - tribunal de (simple) police -
cerning the execution (enforcement) of judg- court of summary jurisdiction; police court;
ments. district court.
EXPERT prs les tribunaux - expert CORRECTIONNEL - tribunal de
appointed by the court; court expert. police correctionnelle - (regional)
EXTRAORDINAIRE - tribunal extraor- Criminal Court (for the trial of misde-
dinaire - special court.
meanours).
FOND - tribunal du fond - trial court;
PREMIRE INSTANCE - see INSTANCE
tribunal of fact; (in plural) trial and appeal
ab ove.
courts; courts below.
FORCE ARME - tribunal territorial des RATTACH - tribunal rattach - court
forces armes - wartime court martial. that receives assistance from the judges of
GRANDE INSTANCE - see INSTANCE another court.
below. RATTACHEMENT - tribunal de rat-
INCOMPTENT - tribunal incomptent tachement - court which provides judges
- court lacking jurisdiction. to assist those of another court.
INFRIEUR - tribunal infrieur - lower RENVOI - tribunal de renvoi - court to
court; court below. which a case is sent, transferred or remitted.
INSTANCE - tribunal d'instance - district RPRESSIF - tribunal rpressif - criminal
court. court.
GRAND - tribunal de grande ins- RVISION - tribunal de rvision - retrial
tance - Regional Court. court.
PREMIER - tribunal de premire ins- SAISI - tribunal saisi de l'instance - court
tance - court of first instance; (Belg) before which the case is brought; court deal-
Regional Court. ing with the case.
JEUNE - tribunal pour jeunes (not used
SCURIT SOCIALE - tribunal des
in France) - youth court; (formerly) juvenile
affaires de scurit sociale - social-security
court.
(appeal) tribunal; social-security court.
JUDICIAIRE - tribunal judiciaire - ordi-
SIMPLE POLICE - see POLICE above.
nary court.
MARITIME - tribunal maritime - admi- SITUATION
ralty court. CHOSE - tribunal de la situation de
COMMERCIAL - tribunal maritime la chose - court of the place where the
commercial - maritime criminal court. subject-matter is situated.
MILITAIRE - tribunal militaire - court SOMMAIRE - tribunal sommaire - court
martial; military court. applying a summary procedure.
ARME - tribunal militaire aux TORT - le tribunal a eu tort - the court
armes - field court martial. erred.
CASSATION - tribunal militaire TRADUIRE devant un tribunal - bring
de cassation (Sw) - Courts-Martial before a court.
Appeal Court. TUTELLE - tribunal des tutelles - guar-
INTERNATIONAL- tribunal mili- dianship court.
taire international - international mili-
tary tribunal. TRIPLIQUE - rejoinder.
MINEUR - tribunal pour mineurs (not
used in France) - youth court; (formerly) TROUBLE - disturbance; disorder; interfer-
juvenile court. ence; trespass; nuisance.
OCCUPATION - tribunal d'occupation - GARANTIE des troubles - covenant or
occupation court. warranty for peaceful possession.
PARITAIRE - tribunal paritaire - joint MENTAL - trouble mental - mental disor-
tribunal. der.
TRIBUNAL TROUBLE
TUTELLE 304 TUTEUR
TUTELLE TUTEUR
USUCAPER 306 UTILIT
JUDICIAIRE - usages judiciaires - court USUS - right to use and possess a thing with-
practice. out being entitled to its produce.
LGITIME - usage lgitime - lawful user;
rightful user. UTRIN - of the half-blood on the mother's
PERPTUEL - usage perptuel - constant sicle; born of the same mother but of a different
user. father.
PRIVATIF - usage privatif- exclusive user. UTILEMENT - effectively.
VOL d'usage d'un vhicule - unauthorised
use of a motor vehicle. UTILIT
GNRAL - utilit gnrale - public inter-
USUCAPER - acquire property or other
est.
rights by enj oyment (adverse possession, prescrip-
MODLE d'utilit - registered design.
tion) over a long period of time.
PRIV - pour cause d'utilit prive - for
USUCAPION - acquiring property or other a private interest.
rights by enjoyment (adverse possession, prescrip- PUBLIC - utilit publique - public inter-
tion) over a long period of time; usucapion. est; public benefit.
ASSOCIATION reconnue d'utilit
USUFRUIT - usufruct; life tenancy; life inter-
publique - charity; recognised associa-
est.
tion.
SUCCESSORAL - usufruit successoral -
DCLAR d'utilit publique - classi-
life interest of the surviving spouse.
fied (as being of public interest).
USUFRUITIER - usufructuary; life tenant. TABLISSEMENT d'utilit publique
USURE - usury; lending at an unconscionable - public corporation promoting the pub-
rate of interest. lic interest; charitable corporation.
EXPROPRIATION pour cause d'uti-
USURPATION - illegal use of honours, uni- lit publique - expropriation in the
forms, names, titles, etc to which one is not enti- public interest.
tled; illegal exercise of fonctions. INSTITUTION d'utilit publique -
FONCTION - usurpation de fonctions - institution promoting the public interest;
usurpation (illegal exercise) of office. charitable institution.
IDENTIT - usurpation d'identit - im-
p ersonation.
USUCAPER UTILIT
VACANCE VALISE
V
VACANCE LITIGE - valeur en (du) litige - value of
DCLARER une vacance - advertise (an- the subject-matter; sum involved; amount in
nounce) a vacancy; declare a post vacant. dispute.
JUDICIAIRE - vacances judiciaires - LITIGIEUX - valeur litigieuse - value of
court vacation. the subject-matter; sum involved; amount in
SUCCESSION - vacance de la succes- dispute.
sion - failure of heirs; vacant succession; LOCATIF - valeur locative - rental value.
unclaimed estate; bona vacantia. CADASTRAL - valeur locative cadas-
trale - rateable value.
VACATION - (in plural) (compensation for) MOBILIER - valeur mobilire (ngo-
time lost in attending proceedings; time spent in ciable) - (transferable) security.
examining a case, evidence, etc; fees; allowances MORAL - valeur morale - sentimental
(for work by a professional adviser, expert, etc); value.
court vacation. NOMINAL - valeur nominale...:. nominal
AFFAIRE de vacation - vacation matter. value.
CHAMBRE des vacations - (formerly) OBLIGATION de valeur - fi.xed-value debt.
vacation court. OBLIGATOIRE - valeur obligatoire -
VAGABOND - vagrant. binding e:ffect.
PROBANT - valeur probante - evidential
VAGABONDAGE-vagrancy. value; probative value.
LMENT- valeur probante des
VAIN
lments - weight of evidence.
PTURE - (droit de) vaine pture - right
RACHAT- valeur de rachat - surrender
of common; common of pasture exercisable
value.
after mowing or harvest.
REU - valeur reue - value received.
VALEUR - value; merits; security. REVENU
AFFECTIF - valeur affective - sentimental CADASTRAL - valeur du revenu
value. cadastral - rateable value.
AJOUT - valeur ajoute - value added. FIXE - valeur revenu fixe - fi.xed-
CADASTRAL - valeur du revenu cadas- interest security.
tral - rateable value. TRSOR - valeurs du Trsor - Treasury
CONSERVATION des valeurs - safe cus- bills.
tody of securities. VNAL - valeur vnale - market value.
CONSTITUTIONNEL - valeur constitu- VALIDER
tionnelle - rank as constitutional law. SERVICE - valider les services antrieurs
CONVENTIONNEL - avoir valeur con- - have previous service credited (for pension
ventionnelle - rank as (be treated as) part purposes).
of a convention, treaty, etc.
FICTIF - valeur fictive - notional value. VALIDIT
FISCAL - valeur fiscale - value for tax pur- DURE de validit - currency (of a mea-
poses. sure etc).
FOURNI - valeur fournie - value received JUGEMENT de validit - judgment con-
(amount owed by the drawer to the payee). firming the validity of a garnishee order (ie
IRRECOUVRABLE - valeur irrecou- an attachment of a debt) and transferring
vrable - irredeemable security. the title to the debt to the attaching credi-
tor.
JURIDIQUE - valeur juridique - legal
force. VALISE
LIQUIDATIF - valeur liquidative - value DIPLOMATIQUE - valise diplomatique -
on liquidation; liquidation value. diplomatie bag.
VACANCE VALISE
VALOIR 308 VRIFICATION
VALOIR VRIFICATION
VRIFIER 309 VIE
VRIFIER VIE
VIF 310 VOIE
VIF VOIE
VOIE 311 VOL
VOIE VOL
VOLANT 312 VUE
CORRECTIONNEL - vol correctionnel - VOTE
simple larceny. APPEL - vote par appel nominal - vote by
DOMESTIQUE - vol domestique - theft roll-call.
by a member of the household. ASSIS - vote par assis et debout (assis et
EFFRACTION - vol avec (par) effraction lev) - vote by sitting and standing.
- burglary; housebreaking. BLOQU - vote bloqu - procedure where-
TALAGE - vol l'talage - shoplifting. by the government may require Parliament
MAIN ARME - vol main arme - to decide by a single vote on the wh<;>le or
armed robbery. part of a Bill under consideration, subject
only to the amendments it has itself tabled
POLICE - vol de simple police - petty
or accepted.
theft.
BULLETIN de vote - ballot paper.
QUALIFI - vol qualifi- aggravated
BUREAU de vote - polling station.
theft.
DFIANCE - vote de dfiance - vote of no
RENDEZ-MOI - vol au rendez-moi - ring- confidence.
ing the changes. DISCIPLINE - sans discipline de vote - in
SIMPLE - vol simple - simple larceny. a free vote.
SIMPLE POLICE - see POLICE above. EXPLICATION de vote - statement of
TIRE - vol la tire - pickpocketing. one's re.asons for v.oting.
USAGE- vol d'usage d'un vhicule- MAIN LEVE - vote main leve - vote
unauthorised use of a motor vehicle. by show of hands.
VOITURIER - vol voiturier - fraudulent NOMINAL - vote nominal- vote by roll-
conversion by a carrier. call.
OBLIGATOIRE - vote obligatoire - com-
VOLANT pulsory vote.
SCURIT - volant de scurit - provision PRFRENTIEL - vote prfrentiel -
for contingencies. vote giving the elector the right to alter the
order of the candidates on the list.
VOLONTAIRE - deliberate; intentional. PROCURATION - vote par procuration -
HOMICIDE volontaire - intentional homi- proxy vote; vote given by proxy.
cide. SECRET - vote secret - vote by secret bal-
lot.
VOLONTAIREMENT - knowingly; deliber-
UNINOMINAL- vote uninominal- voting
ately.
for a single candidate (not for a list).
VOLONT - will; intention; consent. VOTER
ACCORD de volont- being in agreement; LOI - voter une loi - pass an Act.
ad idem.
VRTS = versements reprsentatifs de la
AUTONOMIE de la volont- freedom of
taxe sur les salaires.
the parties to arrange their own affairs;free-
dom of contract. VU - having regard to.
DCLARATION de volont - statement VUE - window or aperture admitting light and
( declaration, manifestation) of intent(ion). air and allowing of a view (cf JOUR).
EXPRS - volont expresse - express' EFFET vue - sight bill.
intention. GARDE(R) vue - (hold in) police cus-
PARTIE - volont des parties - intention tody.
of the parties. LIEU - vue des lieux...:. inspection of the
POSSDER - volont de possder - will to site, locus (in quo), scene of the crime or
possess. premises by the court.
REL - volont relle - true intention.
VOL.ANT VUE
WARRANT WARRANTER
WARRANT WARRANTER
ZONE ZONE.
ZONE
z sive - exclusive economic zone.
AMNAGEMENT FRANC (adj) - zone franche - ( customs-,
CONCERT - zone d'amnagement duty-)free area.
concert - special planning area. FRANC (noun) - zone franc - franc (mone-
DIFFR - zone d'amnagement tary) area.
diffr - deferred-development area. LIBRE-CHANGE - zone de libre-
CONTIGU - zone contigu - contiguous change - free-trade area.
zone. URBANISER- zone urbaniser par
CONOMIQUE - zone conomique exclu- priorit - priority building area.
ZONE ZONE