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06 Smoothing PDF
06 Smoothing PDF
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Mesh Processing Pipeline
...
2
Mesh Quality
Visual inspection of sensitive
sensitive attributes
Specular shading
Flat Gouraud Phong
Shading Shading Shading
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Mesh Quality
Visual inspection of sensitive
sensitive attributes
Specular shading
4
Mesh Quality
Visual inspection of sensitive
sensitive attributes
Specular shading
Reflection lines
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Mesh Quality
Visual inspection of sensitive
sensitive attributes
Specular shading
Reflection lines
differentiability one order lower than surface
can be efficiently computed using graphics hardware
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Mesh Quality
Visual inspection of sensitive
sensitive attributes
Specular shading
Reflection lines
Curvature
Mean curvature
7
Mesh Quality
Visual inspection of sensitive
sensitive attributes
Specular shading
Reflection lines
Curvature
Mean curvature
Gaussian curvature
8
Motivation
Filter out high frequency noise
9
Mesh Smoothing
(aka Denoising, Filtering, Fairing)
p
Input: Noisyy mesh ((scanned or other))
Output: Smooth mesh
How: Filter out high frequency noise
10
Smoothing by Filtering
Fourier Transform
=
f(x)
sin(kx)
x =
Filtering
Convolution
Inverse
Fourier
Fourier
Transform Geometric space Transform
Frequency space
Filtering
[Taubin 95]
Geometric space
Frequency space
? x
?
Slides by Levy et al., SigAsia Course 2009 14
Laplacian Smoothing
An easier problem: How to smooth a curve?
pi = (xi , yi)
pi-1
pi+1
(pi-1 + pi+1)/2- pi
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Laplacian Smoothing
An easier problem: How to smooth a curve?
pi = (xi , yi)
pi-1
pi+1
Finite difference
discretization of second
derivative
= Laplace operator in
one dimension 16
Laplacian Smoothing
Algorithm:
Repeat for m iterations (for non boundary points):
For which ?
0<<1
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Spectral Analysis
Closed Curve
Re write
Re-write
in matrix notation:
18
The Eigenvectors of L
L = VDV T
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Spectral Analysis
Then:
After m iterations:
Can b
C be d
described
ib d using
i eigen-
i Filtering high
frequencies
decomposition of L
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Spectral Analysis
Laplacian Smoothing
(10.5ki )
m
ki
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Laplacian Smoothing on Meshes
Same as for curves:
Ni = {k,l,m,n}
{k l m n}
pi = (xi, yi, zi)
What is pi ? pm pl
pn
pk
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Laplacian Smoothing on Meshes
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Problem - Shrinkage
Repeated iterations of Laplacian smoothing
shrinks the mesh
original
g 3 steps
p 6 steps
p 18 steps
p original
g
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Taubin Smoothing
Iterate:
Shrink
Inflate
with > 0 and < 0
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Laplace Operator Discretization
The Problem
0 Iterations 5 Iterations 28
Laplace Operator Discretization
The Problem
0 Iterations 5 Iterations 29
Laplace Operator Discretization
The Problem
Back to curves:
pi-1 pi pi+1
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Laplace Operator Discretization
The Solution
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Laplace Operator Discretiztion
Cotangent Weights
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Laplace Operator Discretiztion
Cotangent Weights
pi
pj
pm pl
ij ij
pn
pk
hij1 + hij2 1
wij = = (cot ij +cot ij )
lij 2
normall normall
and movement
tangential
movement
Filtering
[Taubin 95]
Geometric space
Frequency space
? x
?
Slides by Levy et al., SigAsia Course 2009 36
The Eigenvectors of L
L = VDV T
37
Spectral Analysis
Cotangent Laplacian
v2 v50
Demo
Demo: http://alice.loria.fr/index.php/software/9-demo/39-manifold-harmonics-demo.html
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Fairness
Idea: Penalize unaesthetic
unaesthetic behavior
behavior
Measure fairness
fairness
Principle of the simplest shape
Physical interpretation
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Energy Functionals
Membrane
Surface
Thin Plate
Surface
Minimum Variation
Surface
43
Non-Linear
Non Linear Energies
Membrane energy (surface area)
Thin
Thin-plate
plate energy (curvature)
Too complex...
p simplify
p y energies
g
44
Membrane Surfaces
Linearized Energy
Surface parameterization
Variational calculus
45
Thin-Plate Surfaces
Linearized Energy
Surface parameterization
Variational calculus
46
Fair Surfaces
Membrane
Thin Plate
Minimal Curvature
Variation
Demo
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Exercise
Smoothing
Uniform
Cotangent formula
Smoothness visualization
Mean curvature (uniform, weighted)
Gaussian curvature
Triangle shape
48
Exercise
Smoothing
Uniform Laplace-Beltrami
49
Exercise
Smoothing
Cotangent Formula (simplified)
50
Exercise
Smoothing
Uniform Laplace-Beltrami
p
Cotangent Formula
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Exercise
Curvature
Mean Curvature
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Exercise
Triangle Shape circumradius vs.
vs minimal
edge length
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Exercise
Triangle Shape
Smoothing
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References
A Signal Processing Approach to Fair Surface Design, Taubin, Siggraph
95
Implicit Fairing of Irregular Meshes using Diffusion and Curvature Flow,
Desbrun et al., Siggraph 99
A Intuitive
An I t iti Framework
F k for
f Real-Time
R l Ti Freeform
F f Modeling,
M d li Botsch
B t h ett al.,
l
Siggraph 04
Spectral Geometry Processing with Manifold Harmonics, Vallet et al.,
Eurographics 08 08
55