Group Assignment Technology Park Malaysia: Operating Systems AICT004-3-2

[OPERATING SYSTEM AICT004-3-2] January 1, 2012
GROUP ASSIGNMENT
TECHNOLOGY PARK MALAYSIA
OPERATING SYSTEMS
AICT004-3-2
Name : TULASINATAN (TP026049)
THAYALAN (TP025897)
SRI SARANGGA RAJA (TP025845)
Intake : UCD2F1209DIT (SE)
Name of lecturer : MS.AKANSHA MANDHANA
ASIA PACIFIC UNIVERSITY Page 1

Contents
INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING SYSTEM ............................................................................................... 3
WINDOWS 7 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................... 5
MEMORY MANAGEMENT COMPARISON BETWEEN .............................................................................. 7
WINDOWS7 vs Mac OS ........................................................................................................................... 7
INSTALLATION ......................................................................................................................................... 9
USER INTERFACE ................................................................................................................................... 18
PROCESS CONTROL MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................................... 28
DEADLOCK MANAGEMENT ................................................................................................................... 30
MEMORY MANAGEMENT ..................................................................................................................... 33
SECONDARY DISK SCHEDULING MANAGEMENT .................................................................................. 38
STANDRAD SUPPORT ............................................................................................................................ 43
CONCLUSION......................................................................................................................................... 44
GANTT CHART .......................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
WORKLOAD MATRIX ................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
MINUTES OF WEEKLY MEETINGS ............................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
APPENDICES ............................................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
MARKING SCHEME ................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING SYSTEM
An operating system, or OS, is a program designed to run other programs on a computer.

A computers operating system is its most important program. It is considered the backbone
of a computer, managing both software and hardware resources. Operating systems are
responsible for everything from the control and allocation of memory to recognizing input
from external devices and transmitting output to computer displays. They also manage files
on computer hard drives and control peripherals, like printers and scanners.
The operating system of a large computer system has even more work to do. Such
operating systems monitor different programs and users, making sure everything runs
smoothly, without interference, despite the fact that numerous devices and programs are used
simultaneously. An operating system also has a vital role to play in security. Its job includes
preventing unauthorized users from accessing the computer system.
There are few types of Operating Systems. A Multiprocessing Operating System allows a
program to run on more than one Central Processing Unit (CPU) at a time. This can come in
very handy in some work environments, at schools, and even for some home-computing
situations. Multitasking Operating Systems work a little differently; they allow simultaneous
execution of multiple programs using a single processor to run more than one program at a
time. Multiprogramming Operating Systems are even more different, allowing for more than
one active user program to be stored in main memory simultaneously. Time Sharing
Operating System enables multiple simultaneous users and the programs are executed bit by
bit. Real Time Operating Systems are designed to respond within a certain period of time.
Single User Operating System allows one user at a time to use the computer. Multi User
Operating System allows for more than one user to use the computer simultaneously. Batch
Operating System only does one thing at a time.

INTRODUCTION FOR WINDOWS 7
There are so many Operating System has been launched. Windows 7 which is very
popular and also worlds leading operating system. Windows 7 is developed by the global
giant Microsoft, which was released for public in October 2009. Windows 7 is simpler and
easier to use compared to its predecessor, Windows Vista. Windows Vista cannot be
considered as a very successful launch of Microsoft. Windows 7 has a 64-bit along with the
availability of 32-bit support which enables the users to use almost all the latest PCs. Be it
desktops, laptops, notebooks, or anything, Windows 7 supports them all.
Windows 7 was launched with many new and advanced features beneficial to the users.
The main aim was to cope up with the limitations present in the previous versions that were
highly criticised. Windows Vista consisted of a big range of user friendly features but
unfortunately, the system failed due to ever increasing complaints and negative reviews
coming from the press. Contrary to this, Windows 7 was developed with a focus on rectifying
the mistakes and providing noticeable upgrade to the product line of Windows. Microsoft has
launched six different editions of Windows 7. They are listed as Starter, Home premium,
Professional, Ultimate, OEM, Enterprise.

WINDOWS 7 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
If you want to run Windows 7 on your PC, here's what it takes:
1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64) processor
1 gigabyte (GB) RAM (32-bit) or 2 GB RAM (64-bit)
16 GB available hard disk space (32-bit) or 20 GB (64-bit)
DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver
Additional requirements to use certain features:
Internet access (fees may apply)
Depending on resolution, video playback may require additional memory and advanced
graphics hardware
Some games and programs might require a graphics card compatible

with DirectX 10 or higher for optimal performance
For some Windows Media Center functionality a TV tuner and additional hardware may
be required
Windows Touch and Tablet PCs require specific hardware
HomeGroup requires a network and PCs running Windows 7
DVD/CD authoring requires a compatible optical drive
BitLocker requires Trusted Platform Module (TPM) 1.2
BitLocker To Go requires a USB flash drive
Windows XP Mode requires an additional 1 GB of RAM and an additional 15 GB of

available hard disk space.
Music and sound require audio output
Product functionality and graphics may vary based on your system configuration. Some
features may require advanced or additional hardware.

PCs with multi-core processors
Windows 7 was designed to work with today's multi-core processors. All 32-bit versions
of Windows 7 can support up to 32 processor cores, while 64-bit versions can support up to
256 processor cores.
PCs with multiple processors (CPUs)
Commercial servers, workstations, and other high-end PCs may have more than one physical
processor. Windows 7 Professional, Enterprise, and Ultimate allow for two physical
processors, providing the best performance on these computers. Windows 7 Starter, Home
Basic, and Home Premium will recognize only one physical processor.

MEMORY MANAGEMENT COMPARISON BETWEEN

WINDOWS7 vs Mac OS
Boot Time and Resume from Sleep
Figure 1: memory management comparison
Windows 7 was hyped as bringing swifter boots to PCs, but the new OS can be just as
molasses-slow as Vista. You'll find some Windows 7 notebooks that start up in less than 60
seconds, but most of them hover above the one-minute mark.

OVERALL SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
Mac OS X Snow Leopard
We used Geek bench, an application that measures CPU and RAM performance, to gauge our
MacBook Pro's computing prowess. It notched a score of 3,543 in Snow Leopard, and 2,789
when we used Boot Camp to run the program under a Windows 7 partition. In addition, the
system copied a 4.97GB folder of mixed media at a swift rate of 21.5 MBps on our LAPTOP
Transfer Test (19.2 MBps within Boot Camp).
Windows 7
Our Dell PC notched 2,586 in Geek bench, which was about 200 points below the MacBook
Pro's Boot Camp score. It completed copying our 4.97GB folder at a decent rate of 17.8
MBps, but this was still far slower than Apple.
Comparison: OS X Snow Leopard proved to have superior overall system performance. It

also ran Windows 7 smoothly in Boot Camp.

INSTALLATION
TYPE OF INSTALLATION
Basically, there are 2 approaches to installing Windows 7:
Upgrade (In-place upgrade) - This option replaces your current version of Windows
with Windows 7, and keeps your files, settings, and programs in place on your
computer.
Custom ("fresh" installation) - This option replaces your current version of Windows
with Windows 7, but doesn't preserve your files, settings, and programs. It's
sometimes referred to as a clean installation for that reason.
Beginning the Installation Process
When installing on a physical computer insert your Windows 7 DVD media into your DVD
drive and reboot your computer. If you're asked to press a key to boot from DVD or CD,
press any key. A black window will appear momentarily while the DVD content is read.
Note: These screenshots are taken from a Windows 7 Ultimate installation performed on a virtual machine
running on VMware Workstation. I will be using an .ISO file mounted on the VMs CD/DVD drive.
Figure 2 : Windows is Loading

Next, a Starting Windows screen will appear.
Figure 3 : Starting windows
Note: If the Windows installation page doesn't appear and you're not asked to press a key to start from DVD or
CD, you might have to specify that your computer uses its DVD or CD drive as the startup device.
The Installation Process

Windows 7 does not have a noticeable text phase of the setup process, and it will boot
directly into the Graphical User Interface (GUI) mode.
Figure 4 : Install Windows

After a few moments you will see the first prompt:
Click "Next" unless you want to change some regional settings for the installation process.
Hebrew users should read my "Installing Hebrew on Windows 7" article.
Figure 5 : Installing Hebrew
Click on the "Install now" button.
Note: If you're using the installation media to repair an existing installation of Windows 7 you should also read
my latest article on the Windows Recovery Environment.
Next, accept the license terms and click on "Next".
Figure 6:
Install Windows Progress

Next, unless you're upgrading an existing Windows installation, press the Custom
(Advanced) installation type button. Note that in this case, the Upgrade button is disabled
because this specific installation if performed on a new computer without any previous
operating system on it.
The next phase is to pick the installation partition. Since this computer has a new hard disk
that hasn't been formatted before, you will only have the option to create a new partition on it.
Figure 7: Collecting Information

The setup process will now begin to copy files from the installation DVD media to the hard
disk.
Figure 8: Installing Windows
Process could take a while depending on the type of hardware your computer uses. In my VM
test sample I've used for this demo, the entire process finished before I could finish writing
the previous 3 paragraphs, so it could be pretty quick.
The computer will reboot, and the next thing you'll see is the prompt to set the user's and
computer's name. By default, the computer's name will be username-PC, where username is
the username you've entered.
Note: The user you're creating will be the only user currently available on the system. Like Vista, the built-in
Administrator's account is disabled. Read my article on how to enable the Windows 7 Administrator's
account article for more information.

Click on "Next".
Figure 9: Set up windows
Enter the users password. Remember this password, as it will be the ONLY user on the
system, and unless you create an additional user or enable the built-in administrator account,
if you forget this password youll need to crack it to gain access to the system. The best
option would be to choose a complex password made of at least 7 characters or more
(something like Pssw0rd or MYpa$$w0rd). You must also enter a password hint.

Click on Next.
Figure 10: Setting password
Next, type in your product key. If you do not have the product key at hand you can still click
"Next", and proceed with the installation. You will be asked to enter the product key after
Windows is installed.
Figure 11: product key

Choose what sort of protection your computer gets. The recommended settings are best for
someone that doesn't plan to hide their computer behind a corporate. If you plan to install a
3rd-party firewall later you can opt to be prompted later. Note that this setting will also have
effect on how the computer uses the Microsoft Windows Update (Automatic Updates)
features.
Figure 12: Windows Update
Choose your time zone and location and click on "Next".
Figure 13: Set up windows

Select your network location type. This setting can be changed later, but do note that
choosing a profile will have effect on the Windows Firewall and sharing settings. Click on
"Next".
Figure 14: Set up current Location
Windows will finalize the settings and your desktop will appear.
Figure 15: Dekstop

USER INTERFACE
A new-look user experience
Figure 16: New look User
One of the first things we've noticed is that Windows 7, in its default state, looks very, very
simple. In contrast to Vista, there's no pop-up Welcome Centre, no pre-loaded Sidebar
Gadgets and very little clutter in the system tray. Instead, you've a sole Recycle Bin on the
desktop, and a trio of icons in the quick-launch area; Internet Explorer, Explorer and
Windows Media Player.

The new-look Windows Taskbar
At first glance, the Windows Taskbar looks familiar, but it's slightly larger than the older
version found in Windows Vista - measuring a couple of extra pixels in height. There's
reason for this, too, as the well-sized Taskbar buttons are now better positioned to be used via
touchscreen interaction.
Figure 17: New look windows taskbar
But theres more to it than that, as the Taskbar has been given its biggest overhaul since its
introduction in Windows 95. For better or for worse, its now something of an amalgamation
between the traditional Windows Taskbar and Apples Mac OS X Dock.
Figure 18: Windows taskbar

Jump Lists and Taskbar inconsistencies
Expanding the functionality of the new-look Windows Taskbar is a feature that makes its
debut in 7; Jump Lists.
Essentially an expanded set of menu options, the Jump List is available by right-clicking any
icon in the Taskbar area, including both shortcuts and open applications.
Figure 19 : Start Menu

Despite the promising introduction of new functionality, Microsoft's bold revision of the
Taskbar isn't without its faults. During use, we've noticed a handful of shortcomings. Firstly,
it isn't possible to pin multiple associated items separately onto the Taskbar. Secondly,
multiple instances of an open application or window are automatically grouped together on
the Taskbar, irrespective of whether the Taskbar is viewed with or without labels.
Figure 20:Windows
Take, for example, the tooltips for minimize, maximize and close. For some unknown reason,
they appear in the old Windows XP style, with a cream-colored background and a square box
(pictured above, right).

Windows Aero, take two
Aero, the graphical user interface introduced in Windows Vista, has been given a significant
overhaul in 7. What was once seen as little more than superfluous eye-candy has been
transformed into a tool designed to improve productivity.
Figure 21:Windows Aero
Figure 22:Windows Tabs

Snap it, shake it, aero flip it
Arguably our favourite new feature in terms of everyday productivity is Aero Snap. Allowing
multiple sources of content to be viewed side-by-side with ease, it snaps windows to the left
or right sides of the screen and resizes them to 50 per cent of the desktop real estate.
Figure 23 :Windows
When used with big-screen displays, it's a feature you soon find yourself unable to live
without. Aero Snap can be used by dragging a window to either the left or right edges, or via
keyboard shortcuts (Windows key + left/right arrow). Similarly, dragging a window to the
top will maximize it, whilst pulling it away will restore down. Simple, but mighty effective.

Figure 24:Windows Aero Flip
Though Aero Flip 3D remains present in 7, Microsoft has done what it should have in the
first place, that is, overhauled the classic Alt + Tab application switcher.

Windows Explorer and Libraries
Figure 25: Windows Explorer and Library
The first thing you'll notice is that 7's Explorer is in keeping with the rest of the operating
system; it's cleaner and looks more refined. The file menu takes on a subtle shade of blue and
consequently almost goes. Users are free to create as many libraries as they wish, and it's a
feature that even at this first stage looks increasingly impressive. For example, the
Documents library can be arranged by folder, author, date modified, tag, type and name.

Any other Advantages
For those making use of multiple displays, a new keyboard shortcut (Windows Key + P)
simplifies the task of switching between display modes.
Figure 26:New Keyboard shortcuts
Available options include computer only, duplicate (mirror), extend and projector (or external
display) only.
Gadgets, another feature that first debuted in Windows Vista, has also been revamped for 7.
Figure 27:Gadgets

Figure 28: Personalization
Microsoft includes seven aero themes as standard; Windows 7; Architecture; Characters;

Landscapes; Nature; Scenes and another country-specific theme - United Kingdom, in our
case. Each is accompanied by a unique sound scheme, and a specific window colour.

PROCESS CONTROL MANAGEMENT
PROCESS
It is a plan in killing that progress in a sequential manner. It is a constituent of work alongside

exceptional procedure identification. It needs resources like recollection, CPU period and
files to finish its task. The working arrangement creates and deletes user and arrangement
processes. A running procedure can perhaps come to be Blocked, Prepared or Terminated. A
Running procedure becomes Blocked after the procedure itself cannot present because it is
staying for an I/O procedure to finish, or after it is staying for a little external event to
happen.
PROCESS CONTROL BLOCK (PCB)
A procedure in a working arrangement is embodied by a data construction recognized as a

procedure manipulation block (PCB) or procedure descriptor. The PCB is a precise store that
permits to find key data concerning a process. Thus, the PCB is the data construction that
defines a procedure to the working systems.
Figure 29: Process Control Management

PROCESS SCHEDULING
As procedures go in the arrangement, they are locale on the job queue. A new procedure is
locale on the prepared queue. The procedure waits till it is selected for killing (or dispatched)
and given CPU resources. After the CPU is allocated and the procedure is running the
procedure might subject an I/O appeal and be allocated on a mechanism queue, the procedure
might craft a new sub-process, the procedure might be forcibly removed.
CONCURRENT PROCESS
Concurrent procedures can be autonomous or cooperating processes. Autonomous procedures

are procedures that do not demand to interact alongside supplementary processes.
Cooperating procedures are procedures that work alongside every single supplementary, and
can alter or be altered by one more process.
Why ought to a working arrangement permit for cooperating processes? Data allocating and
to permit admission to resources employing the PCB. Rise computation speed.
THREAD
A mini handy procedure that can present independently of supplementary portions of the
process. Two kinds of threads: user procedures and arrangement processes. Conception of a
new procedure (child) from the older one (parent) is shouted spawning or forking.

DEADLOCK MANAGEMENT
Deadlock is a situation may arise in shared resources whereby two or more processes (also
called threads) cannot continue because the resources which each process requires are held by
another process. Deadlocks prevention provides a set of methods for safeguarding that at least
one of the vital conditions cannot hold. These methods stop deadlocks by constraining how
demands for resources can be made. Deadlock is also divided into 4 types of conditions,
which are mutual exclusion, hold and wait, No-preemption and circular wait.
Resources
Deadlocks can occur after procedures have been conceded select admission to devices, files
and so forth. To make the discussion of deadlocks as finished as probable, we will denote to
the objects conceded as resources. A resource can be a hardware device or a piece of
information. Resources come in two types: Preemptable and Non-preemptable. A
Preemptable resource is one that can be seized away from the procedure owning it alongside
no ill effects.
Preemptable resources
A Preemptable resource is one that can be seized away from the procedure owning it
alongside no ill effects.
Memory is an example of a Preemptable resource. Consider, for example, an arrangement

alongside 32 MB of user memory, one printer, and two 32-MB procedures that every single
desire to print something.
Process A appeal and gets the printer, next onset to compute the benefits to print. Before it
has finished alongside the computation, it exceeds its period quantum and is swapped out.
Process B nowadays runs and tires, ineffectively, to buy the printer. Potentially, we nowadays
have a deadlock situation, because A has the printer and B has the memory, and neither can
continue lacking the resource held by the other. Fortunately, it is probable to preempt (take
away) the recollection from B by swapping it out and swapping A in. Nowadays A can run,
do its creation, and next discharge the printer. No deadlock occurs.

Non-preemptable resources
A Non-preemptable resource, in difference is one that cannot be seized away from its present
proprietor lacking provoking the computation to fail. An example deed in windows 7, if a
procedure has begun to burn a CD-ROM, unexpectedly seizing the CD recorder away from it
and providing it to one more procedure.
Deadlock Conditions:-
Mutual exclusion
This condition happens after a resource that cannot be utilized by extra than one procedure at
a period.
Hold and wait
Holding at least one procedure and will accord supplementary resources that owned by
supplementary process.
No-preemption
The process that can only release the resource after the procedure has completed.
Circular wait
A circular wait happen if the chain of two or extra threads is staying for a resource held by
the subsequent member in the chain. This wills automatically locale the computer into
deadlock situation.
Methods to handle deadlock situation:
Deadlock Prevention
Mutual Exclusion- allows resources to allocate among different processes that it

allows the computer to allocate the resources.
Hold and Wait- if the process is holding each resource next the supplementary
resource will not allowed.
No-Preemption- allow preemption way it allows the resource to pause till the
procedure to end.
Circular Wait- the system will try to allow the process present as fast as possible.

Deadlock Avoidance
Normally in windows7 there is a Process Control Block (PCB) that will halt the new appeal
process as one more process is executing.
Deadlock Detection
Instead to allow the deadlock happen, the system will detect to notice it after it happened by
the PCB and it will find a little supplementary methods to resolve it if the PCB does not work
properly.
Deadlock Recovery
Recovery through Preemption - There is only voluntary release of a resource - nobody else
can make a process give up a resource.
Roll back - The process of restarting a process from a checkpoint is called rollback. The hope
is that the resource requests will not interleave again to produce deadlock.
Killing - The system will kill the process until the dead lock had been terminated by the
system. Because of some of the programs are important so the system will kill the selected
programs only.

MEMORY MANAGEMENT
Memory management is the act of managing computer memory. The essential requirement of
memory management is to provide ways to dynamically allocate portions of memory to
programs at their request, and freeing it for reuse when no longer needed.
Fragmentation
In computer storage, fragmentation is a phenomenon in that storage space is utilized

inefficiently, cutting capacity and frequently performance. Fragmentation leads to storage
space being \"wasted\", and the word additionally mentions to the wasted space itself.
There are two disparate but connected forms of fragmentation: external fragmentation and
internal fragmentation that can be present in isolation or conjunction.
Internal Fragmentation
Consider a multiple partition allocation scheme with a hole of 18,462 bytes. The next process
request with 18,462 bytes. If we allocate, we are left with a hole of 2 bytes.
External Fragmentation
It exists when there is enough total memory space available to satisfy a request, but available
memory space are not contiguous.
b) Storage space is fragmented into large number of small holes.
c) Both first fit and best fit strategies suffer from this.
d) First fit is better in some systems, whereas best fit is better for other.
e) Depending on the total amount of memory storage, size, external fragmentation may be
minor or major problem.
Virtual Memory
Figure 30:Virtual Memory
For windows 7, virtual memory combines active RAM and inactive memory on DASD [NB
1] to form a large range of contiguous addresses.
In computing, virtual memory is a memory management technique developed for

multitasking kernels. Random-access memory and disk storage, allowing a program to be
designed as though there is only one kind of memory, "virtual" memory, which behaves like
directly and contiguous addressable read/write memory.
Virtual Address

Figure 31: Virtual Address
For windows 7, the virtual address space for a process is the set of virtual memory addresses
that it can use. The address space for each process is private and cannot be accessed by other
processes unless it is shared.
A virtual address does not represent the actual physical location of an object in memory;
instead, the system maintains a page table for each process, which is an internal data structure
used to translate virtual addresses into their corresponding physical addresses. Each time a
thread references an address, the system translates the virtual address to a physical address.
The virtual address space for 32-bit Windows is 4 gigabytes (GB) in size and divided into
two partitions: one for use by the process and the other reserved for use by the system.
Working set of memory management (windows 7)

Optimal usage of system memory is a constant area of investment. The working set
comprises all the potentially trimmable and virtual addresses for a given process, session or
system resource.
Task Manager
Windows 7 Task Manager is a task manager application included with Microsoft Windows
NT family of operating systems that provides detailed information about computer
performance and running applications, processes and CPU usage, commit charge and
memory information, network activity and statistics, logged-in users, and system services.
Figure 32: Task Manager

The Task Manager can also be used to set process priorities, processor affinity, forcibly
terminate processes, and shut down, restart, hibernate or log off from Windows 7. Windows
Task Manager was introduced with Windows NT 4.0, previous versions of Windows NT
included the Task List application.
Figure 33: Windows Task Manager

SECONDARY DISK SCHEDULING MANAGEMENT
A hard disk drive is a collection of plates shouted platters. The external of every single platter
is tear into circular tracks. More extra, every single trail is tear into tinier pieces shouted
sectors. Disk I/O is completed sector by sector. A cluster of tracks that are positioned on top
of every single supplementary form a cylinder. There is a head related to an arm for every
single external that grips all I/O operations.
Disk Association Tool:
Disk Association is a functional built-in Windows 7 partition manager that makes hard disk
partitioning quick and simple. Windows 7 Disk Association includes:
A built-in partition manager
A graphical user interface (GUI)
Ability to craft new disk partitions inside Windows 7
Ability to contract continuing disk partitions
With Disk Management, you can initialize disks, craft volumes, format volumes alongside
file arrangements FAT, exFAT, FAT32 or NTFS. You can additionally spread a disk, cut a
disk, check if a disk is healthy or harmful, craft partitions, delete partitions, or change a drive
letter. Disk Association enables you to present most disk-related tasks lacking restarting the
arrangement, and most adjustments seize result immediately.
Figure 34:
Computer
Management

Disk Maintenance:
If you want to reduce the number of unnecessary files on your hard disk to free up disk space
and help your computer run faster, use Disk Cleanup. It removes temporary files, empties the
Recycle Bin, and removes a variety of system files and other items that you no longer need.
Follow these steps:
1. Open Computer, right click on the drive you wish to clean and select Properties.
Figure 35:Disk Maintenance Properties

2. Click the Disk Cleanup button on the General tab and Windows will calculate how
much space it can free up.
3. Select the items from the list that you wish to delete and click OK.
Figure 36: Disk Cleanup
4. When asked Are you sure you want to permanently delete these files, click Delete
Files.
As you use your hard drive, it can develop bad sectors. Bad sectors slow down hard disk
performance and sometimes make data writing (such as file saving) difficult or even
impossible. The Error Checking utility scans the hard drive for bad sectors and scans for file
system errors to see whether certain files or folders are misplaced. To scan a disk, follow
these steps:
1. Open Computer, right click on the drive you wish to check and select Properties.
2. Click the Tools tab and then click the Check Now button.

Figure 37:Properties
Figure 38:Check Disk
3. Click Start to begin checking the drive.

Fragmentation makes your hard disk do extra work that can slow down your computer.
Removable storage devices such as USB flash drives can also become fragmented. Disk
Defragmenter rearranges fragmented data so your disks and drives can work more efficiently.
Disk Defragmenter runs on a schedule, but you can also 42nalyse and defragment your disks
and drives manually. To do this, follow these steps:
1. Open Computer, right click on the drive you wish to check and select Properties.
2. Click the Tools tab and then click the Defragment Now button.
Figure 39: Disk Defragmenter

STANDRAD SUPPORT
WINDOWS 7
The ITS Help Desk currently provides assistance for users who have Windows 7
installed on their computers. We are happy to assist with general Windows 7 issues such
as network/wireless connectivity, e-mail and applications.
Desktop Support started support on May 10th, 2010. Support is offered to systems that
have been imaged by Desktop Support with Windows 7. We have installed and tested the
following applications.
Your Own Department may not be supported by ITS. If this is the case, please check
with your technical group for support questions

CONCLUSION
This assignment has helped us to have a larger understanding concerning Windows 7.

Windows 7 has a lot enhancement from the previous version. For example, the processor is
far faster than the previous version. It provides efficiencies that aid cut the manipulation that
associations consume after running client computers and helps users become extra existence
out of their handy computers batteries As well that, the snipping tool that enables the user to
screenshot selected serving that the user wanted Windows 7. The limitation that we
confronted after acting this assignment is lack of reference resources. We demand to examine
the manipulated resources ourselves in order to finish the assignment.

GANTT CHART
Figure 40: Gantt Chart 1

Figure 41: Gantt Chart 2

WORKLOAD MATRIX
Tasks Thayalan Tulasinatan Sri Sarangga

Raja
Introduction
System Hardware Requirement
Memory Management Comparison
Installation
User Interface
Process Control Management
Deadlock Management
Memory Management
Secondary Disk Scheduling Management
Standard Support
Workload Matrix
Table Of Content
Appendices
Meeting Minutes
Presentation Slides

MINUTES OF WEEKLY MEETINGS
Minutes of Meeting 1
Windows 7
Date : 8/10/2012
Time : 10am-11am
Venue : Enterprise 3
Attendees : Tulasinatan
Thayalan
Sri Sarangga Raja
Minutes Writer : Tulasinatan
Agenda:
1. Discussion about the given assignment.

2. Choosing the suitable OS for the assignment.
3. Seperate tasks among the members.

Windows 7
Date : 10/10/2012
Time : 12.40pm-1.40pm
Venue : Syndicate Level 2
Thayalan
Sri Sarangga Raja
Minutes Writer : Thayalan
Agenda:
1. Discussion about the progress of the assignment.

2. Discussion about each and every part stages of the assignment.
3. Discuss the problems faced by the members.

Windows 7
Date : 12/10/2012
Time : 11.30am-12.30pm
Venue : Syndicate Level 2
Thayalan
Sri Sarangga Raja
Agenda:
1. Discussion about progress of the assignment.

2. Sharing ideas and information about the assignment.

Windows 7
Date : 23/10/2012
Time : 1.00pm-2.00pm
Thayalan
Sri Sarangga Raja
Minutes Writer : Sri Sarangga Raja
Agenda:


Windows 7
Date : 7/11/2012
Time : 12.00pm-2.00pm
Thayalan
Sri Sarangga Raja
Minutes Writer : Sri Sarangga Raja
Agenda:


Windows 7
Date : 30/11/2012
Time : 12.00pm-2.00pm
Thayalan
Sri Sarangga Raja
Agenda:


Windows 7
Date : 6/12/2012
Time : 12.00pm-1.00pm
Venue : Syndicate level 2
Thayalan
Sri Sarangga Raja
Agenda:


Windows 7
Date : 12/12/2012
Time : 11.00am-11.00am
Venue : Syndicate level 2
Thayalan
Sri Sarangga Raja
Agenda:
1. Check each members work.

2. Correct the mistakes done by the members.

Windows 7
Date : 13/12/2012
Time : 3.45pm-5.00pm
Thayalan
Sri Sarangga Raja
Agenda:
1. Compile all the work.

2. Finalizing the assignment and arrange in order.

APPENDICES
Figure 1: memory management comparison ......................................................................................... 7

Figure 2 : Windows is Loading ................................................................................................................ 9
Figure 3 : Starting windows................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 4 : Install Windows ..................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 5 : Installing Hebrew .................................................................................................................. 11
Figure 6: ................................................................................................................................................ 11
Install Windows Progress ...................................................................................................................... 11
Figure 7: Collecting Information ........................................................................................................... 12
Figure 8: Installing Windows ................................................................................................................. 13
Figure 9: Set up windows ...................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 10: Setting password.................................................................................................................. 15
Figure 11: product key .......................................................................................................................... 15
Figure 12: Windows Update ................................................................................................................. 16
Figure 13: Set up windows .................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 14: Set up current Location........................................................................................................ 17
Figure 15: Dekstop ................................................................................................................................ 17
Figure 16: New look User ...................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 17: New look windows taskbar .................................................................................................. 19
Figure 19 : Start Menu .......................................................................................................................... 20
Figure 20:Windows ............................................................................................................................... 21
Figure 21:Windows Aero ...................................................................................................................... 22
Figure 22:Windows Tabs ....................................................................................................................... 22
Figure 23 :Windows .............................................................................................................................. 23
Figure 24:Windows Aero Flip ................................................................................................................ 24
Figure 26:New Keyboard shortcuts....................................................................................................... 26
Figure 27:Gadgets ................................................................................................................................. 26
Figure 28: Personalization..................................................................................................................... 27
Figure 29: Process Control Management ............................................................................................. 28
Figure 30:Virtual Memory ..................................................................................................................... 34
Figure 31: Virtual Address ..................................................................................................................... 35
Figure 32: Task Manager ....................................................................................................................... 36
Figure 33: Windows Task Manager ....................................................................................................... 37
Figure 34: .............................................................................................................................................. 38
Computer .............................................................................................................................................. 38
Management......................................................................................................................................... 38
Figure 35:Disk Maintenance Properties................................................................................................ 39
Figure 36: Disk Cleanup......................................................................................................................... 40
Figure 37:Properties.............................................................................................................................. 41
Figure 38:Check Disk ............................................................................................................................. 41
Figure 39: Disk Defragmenter ............................................................................................................... 42
Figure 40: Gantt Chart 1........................................................................................................................ 45
Figure 41: Gantt Chart 2........................................................................................................................ 46

BIBLIOGRAPHY
140.118.19.57 (2000) Windows compared: Windows 7 vs. Vista vs. XP. [online] Available at:
http://140.118.19.57/homework/98/ComputerIntro/homework2/B9730404_4/
[Accessed: 14 Dec 2012].
Altiusdirectory.com (2009) Windows 7 Operating System, Introduction, Launching of
Windows 7, Installation, Purpose Features of Windows 7. [online] Available at:
http://www.altiusdirectory.com/Computers/windows7-operating-system.php [Accessed:
14 Dec 2012].
dwachira (2012) Deadlock Prevention, Detection, Recovery and Avoidance. [online]
Available at: http://dwachira.hubpages.com/hub/Process-Deadlock-Definition-
Prevention-Detection-Recovery-and-Avoidance [Accessed: 14 Dec 2012].
Ecs.umass.edu (n.d.) Disk Scheduling Algorithms. [online] Available at:
http://www.ecs.umass.edu/ece/koren/architecture/Disk/help.htm [Accessed: 14 Dec
2012].
En.wikipedia.org (2012) Internal fragmentation - Search results - Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia. [online] Available at:
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&profile=default&search=
Internal+fragmentation&fulltext=Search [Accessed: 14 Dec 2012].
En.wikipedia.org (2012) Memory management - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [online]
Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_management [Accessed: 14 Dec
2012].
En.wikipedia.org (2011) Fragmentation (computing) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
[online] Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragmentation_(computing)
Hexus.net (2009) Review: Windows 7 - Part 3: User Interface - Software - HEXUS.net.
[online] Available at: http://hexus.net/tech/reviews/software/20762-windows-7-part-3-
user-interface/ [Accessed: 14 Dec 2012].
Laptopmag.com (1997) Mac OS X Snow Leopard vs. Windows 7. [online] Available at:
http://www.laptopmag.com/mobile-life/snow-leopard-vs-windows-7.aspx?page=2
Lovingod.host.sk (1979) Ostrich algorithm.. [online] Available at:
http://lovingod.host.sk/tanenbaum/Recovery-from-Deadlock.html [Accessed: 14 Dec
2012].

Msdn.microsoft.com (2008) Windows Memory Management. [online] Available at:

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/hardware/gg463005.aspx [Accessed:
14 Dec 2012].
Ndsu.edu (2010) Support for Windows 7 - Information Technology Services (NDSU). [online]
Available at: http://www.ndsu.edu/its/help_desk/support_for_windows_7/ [Accessed:
14 Dec 2012].
Nikky (2010) Fragmentation And Types Of Fragmentation In Operating System. [online]
Available at: http://www.indiastudychannel.com/resources/118578-Fragmentation-And-
Types-Of-Fragmentation-In.aspx [Accessed: 14 Dec 2012].
Nyau, A. (2010) Process Control Management. [online] Available at:
http://www.computertipsfree.com/process-control-management/ [Accessed: 14 Dec
2012].
Petri.co.il (2008) Install Windows 7: The Ultimate Step-by Step Guide. [online] Available at:
http://www.petri.co.il/ultimate-guide-to-installing-windows-7.htm [Accessed: 14 Dec
2012].
Readanddigest.com (2012) What is an Operating System: Introduction, Functions of an
Operating System | Read and Digest. [online] Available at:
http://readanddigest.com/what-is-an-operating-system/ [Accessed: 14 Dec 2012].
windows.microsoft.com (2012) Start your computer from a Windows 7 installation disc or
USB flash drive. [online] Available at: http://windows.microsoft.com/en-
MY/windows7/Start-your-computer-from-a-Windows-7-installation-disc-or-USB-flash-
drive [Accessed: 14 Dec 2012].
wiseGEEK (2012) What is an Operating System?. [online] Available at:
http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-an-operating-system.htm [Accessed: 14 Dec 2012].
Tweakhound.com (2011) TweakHound - Tweaking Windows 7, Page 5. [online] Available at:
http://www.tweakhound.com/windows7/tweaking/5.html [Accessed: 14 Dec 2012].

MARKING SCHEME
Documentation (10)
Group Marks (70)

Referencing (10)
Investigation (30)
Presentation (15)
Ind. Marks (30)

Installation(20)
Research and
Analysis (15)
Total (100)
No Group Number
Team Member Names
1
THAYALAN
2
TULASINATAN
3
SRI SARANGGA RAJA

Group Assignment Technology Park Malaysia: Operating Systems AICT004-3-2

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[OPERATING SYSTEM AICT004-3-2] January 1, 2012

TECHNOLOGY PARK MALAYSIA

Name : TULASINATAN (TP026049)

SRI SARANGGA RAJA (TP025845)

Intake : UCD2F1209DIT (SE)

Name of lecturer : MS.AKANSHA MANDHANA

ASIA PACIFIC UNIVERSITY Page 1

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INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING SYSTEM

An operating system, or OS, is a program designed to run other programs on a computer.

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INTRODUCTION FOR WINDOWS 7

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WINDOWS 7 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

If you want to run Windows 7 on your PC, here's what it takes:

1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64) processor

1 gigabyte (GB) RAM (32-bit) or 2 GB RAM (64-bit)

16 GB available hard disk space (32-bit) or 20 GB (64-bit)

DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver

Additional requirements to use certain features:

Internet access (fees may apply)

Some games and programs might require a graphics card compatible

Windows Touch and Tablet PCs require specific hardware

HomeGroup requires a network and PCs running Windows 7

DVD/CD authoring requires a compatible optical drive

BitLocker requires Trusted Platform Module (TPM) 1.2

BitLocker To Go requires a USB flash drive

Windows XP Mode requires an additional 1 GB of RAM and an additional 15 GB of

Music and sound require audio output

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PCs with multi-core processors

PCs with multiple processors (CPUs)

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MEMORY MANAGEMENT COMPARISON BETWEEN

Boot Time and Resume from Sleep

Figure 1: memory management comparison

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OVERALL SYSTEM PERFORMANCE

Mac OS X Snow Leopard

Comparison: OS X Snow Leopard proved to have superior overall system performance. It

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Basically, there are 2 approaches to installing Windows 7:

Beginning the Installation Process

Figure 2 : Windows is Loading

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Next, a Starting Windows screen will appear.

Figure 3 : Starting windows

The Installation Process

Figure 4 : Install Windows

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After a few moments you will see the first prompt:

Figure 5 : Installing Hebrew

Click on the "Install now" button.

Next, accept the license terms and click on "Next".

Install Windows Progress

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Figure 7: Collecting Information

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Figure 8: Installing Windows

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Figure 9: Set up windows

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Figure 10: Setting password