ANCHOR DESIGN | ACI 318-14 UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO

Headed bolt Design with three rows of anchors

By Bodhi Rudra M.S.

1 Given Parameters
Concrete Depth; = 18
Seismic Design Category;
Y
Concrete is assumed to be cracked
Anchor Material : ASTM F1554 Grade 36
= 58000 X
= 105000
, = 0.142 2
= 0.291 2
= 4000
Loading eccentricities
= 1
= 1
Axial Tension; = 8
Axial Shear Force along X axis
= 0
Axial Shear Force along Y axis;
= 6

2 Tension in Anchors

1 = 1 =

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
3 = 5 ( 3 + 12) 8 = 8 =
3 12 = =
2 6 24 2 3 24 3 24
2 8

For each column of anchors For each row of anchors

(there are 2 columns) (there are 3 rows)

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ANCHOR DESIGN | ACI 318-14 UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO

Net forces on each anchor (positive is Tension)

= + =
8 24 12 8 24 6

5
= + =
6 24 8 6 24 24

5 5
= + =
24 24 6 24 24 4

Anchor number 2 carries maximum tension of

8
= = 2
4 4

3 Requirements for Tension Loading

Our Seismic Design Category is C, so we need to satisfy additional requirements for seismic
design. 17.2.3.1

Tensile component of the strength level earthquake forces applied to anchors exceeds 20%
of the total factored anchor tensile force. Hence, we have to design in accordance with
17.2.3.4.3 and corresponding strengths will be determined in accordance with 17.2.3.4.4
17.2.3.4.2

4 Failure Modes
4.1. Steel strength of anchor in tension (17.4.1)
= , Eq. 17.4.1.2
, = 0.142 2
= 58000

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ANCHOR DESIGN | ACI 318-14 UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO

min(1.9 & 125000 ) = 125000 ...17.4.1.2

Since < 125000; = 58000
58000
= 0.142 = 8.236
1000
Design Strength = , Table 17.3.1.1
= 0.75 for ductile steel element 17.3.3
= 0.75 8.236 = 6.18
Tension on most stressed anchors = 2
2
Strength utilization = 6.18 = 0.32

4.2. Concrete breakout strength of anchor in tension (17.4.2)

For concrete breakout in tension if < 3 , then we consider all the anchors as a group.
For our case; max = 8 < 3 12 = 36 , so the anchors act as a group. ...17.2.1.1

Edge distance to the anchors are 4 , 4 and 28 from three sides. ...17.4.2.3
1.5 = 1.5 12 = 18
Since only 2 edges are less than 1.5 , full will be taken

For a group of anchors

= , , , , Eq. 17.4.2.1b

a) Calculate
2
= 9 = 9 122 = 1296 2 Eq. 17.4.2.1c

Fig. R17.4.2.1

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ANCHOR DESIGN | ACI 318-14 UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO

b) Calculate

= (1.5 + 1 + 1 ) (1.5 + 2 + 2 + 2 )
= (1.5 12 + 8 + 4) (1.5 12 + 6 + 6 + 4) = 1020 2

c) , : modification factor for anchor groups loaded eccentrically in tension.

17.4.2.4
1
, = 1
2
1+
3

Since, for our case all the anchors are in tension, the eccentricity will remain same
which can also be calculated as below:

5
(12 6 + 8 24 + 6 4 )
= 4 = 1
5
12 + 8 + 6 + 6 + 24 + 4

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ANCHOR DESIGN | ACI 318-14 UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO

For eccentric loading in both axis

, = , ,
1
, = , = = 0.947
21
1 + 3 12

, = 0.947 0.947 = 0.897

d) , : modification factor for edge effects for single anchor or anchor groups loaded
in tension. 17.4.2.5

, = min(4, 4, 20) = 4

Since , = 4 < 1.5 12 = 18

,
, = 0.7 + 0.3 ( ) = 0.77
1.5

e) , : modification factor for cracking

Where analysis indicates cracking at service loads, , = 1 17.4.2.6

f) , : modification factor for post-installed anchors designed for uncracked concrete

without supplementary reinforcement to control splitting. 17.4.2.7
, = 1

g) : basic concrete breakout strength. 17.4.2.2

= 1.5
Eq. 17.4.2.2a

= 24; for cast in anchor

Since, = 12 and when 11 25

5
Then, = 16
3
Eq. 17.4.2.2b

= 1, (modification factor for light weight concrete) 17.2.6

4000 5
= 16 1 123 = 63.65
1000

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ANCHOR DESIGN | ACI 318-14 UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO

Nominal concrete group breakout strength in tension,

1020
= 0.897 0.77 1 1 63.65 = 34.6
1296

Design strength for concrete breakout in tension

, ...Table 17.3.1.1
= 0.7 for condition B where supplementary reinforcement is not present. 17.3.3c(i)

The anchor design tensile strength for resisting earthquake forces shall be determined by

0.75 17.2.3.4.4b

0.75 0.7 34.6 = 18.165

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Strength utilization = 18.165 = 0.44

4.3. Pullout strength if cast-in, post installed expansion and undercut anchors
in tension (17.4.3)
Nominal pullout strength of single cast-in, post installed expansion and post installed
undercut anchor in tension, , shall not exceed.

= ,

a) , : modification factor for cracking 17.4.3.6

Where there is cracking under service load.
, = 1

b) : basic pullout strength in tension of a single headed stud or headed bolt

= 8 Eq. 17.4.3.4

= 8 0.291 4 = 9.3120

So, = 1 9.3120 = 9.3120

Design strength = 0.75 for a single anchor, or the most highly stressed individual
anchor in a group of anchors. 17.2.3.4.4c

= 0.7 , as Condition B applies for pullout strength 17.3.3c (ii)

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ANCHOR DESIGN | ACI 318-14 UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO

= 0.75 0.7 9.312 = 4.89

Tension in most highly stressed anchor as calculated before = 2

2
Strength utilization = 4.89 = 0.41

4.4. Concrete side-face blowout strength of a headed anchor in tension.

(17.4.3)
Since, for our case = 12 > 2.5 1 = 2.5 4 = 10
So, our case falls under deep embedment close to an edge, and side-face blowout should be
checked. 17.4.4.1

For a single headed anchor

= 1601 = 160 4 0.29 1 4000 = 21.8

This will be same along both axis as 1 = 4 , along both the axis.

For multiple headed anchors with deep embedment close to an edge and with anchor
spacing 8 ( ) < 61 = 24 . 17.4.4.2

= (1 + )
61

where is the distance between the outer anchors along the edge, and is obtained
from before without modification for a perpendicular edge distance.

= 8 , outer edge distance along x-axis and 12 , along y-axis

8
, = (1 + ) 21.8 = 29.07
64
12
, = (1 + ) 21.8 = 32.7
64
Along x-axis, the right column i.e. anchors 2, 4, and 6 are resisting side-face blowout. Total
5 15
tension shared by this column = 6 + 4 + 24 = 24
24
So, the nominal side-face blowout strength along x-axis = 32.7 15 = 52.3

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ANCHOR DESIGN | ACI 318-14 UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO

Along y-axis, the bottom most row, i.e. anchors 1 and 2, resist side-face blowout. Total
5
tension shared by this row = 6 + 4 = 12
12
So, the nominal side-face blowout strength along y-axis = 29.07 = 69.77
5

Governing nominal side-face blowout strength for the group = 52.3

Design strength = 0.75 for a group of anchors 17.2.3.4.4d

= 0.7 , as Condition B applies where supplementary reinforcement is not present

17.3.3c (ii)

= 0.75 0.7 52.3 = 27.46

Tension applied on the group =8

8
Strength utilization = 27.46 = 0.29

4.5. Concrete breakout strength of anchor in shear 17.5.2

For anchors to be considered in a group 31 17.2.1.1

Along direction X there is no shear and along Y 1 = 4 ; 31 = 12 .
Since 6 12 , so the anchors shall be considered as a group.

For a group

= , , , , 17.5.2.1(b)

We have to check failure modes governing from different edges.

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ANCHOR DESIGN | ACI 318-14 UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO

4.5.1 Failure from first row of anchors nearest to the edge

Since = 6 1,1 = 4 ; so we can distribute the shear force on each of the anchors.
Forces acting at the centroid of the plate will be the shear acting in negative Y direction and
its corresponding torsion due to the eccentricity in positive X direction.

Due to Shear acting at the centroid, the calculations are straightforward

6
= = 1
6 6
Due to Torsion of = 6 1 = 6

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ANCHOR DESIGN | ACI 318-14 UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO

Where, = 2 and from static equilibrium we know
2 2 + = Eq-1
= Eq-2
From all the above equations it can be derived that

= 2 2
= = 0.1
8 + 60
Horizontal component of R will generate forces in horizontal direction over the anchors 1, 2,
5 and 6.

= = 2 = 0.15

So, neglecting X direction forces, and adding up forces in Y direction for both the effects,
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ANCHOR DESIGN | ACI 318-14 UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO

The revised eccentricity for the redistributed forces will be:

, = 0.1 3 = 0.4

2
a) 0 = 4.51,1 = 4.5 42 = 72 2

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ANCHOR DESIGN | ACI 318-14 UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO

b)
= 18 > 1.5 1,1 = 6 OK
= 1.51,1 (1.51,1 + + 1,2 ) = 6 (6 + 8 + 4) = 6 18 = 108 2

c) Calculate , basic concrete breakout strength in shear. 17.5.2.2

0.2
= min {7 ( ) (1 )1.5 , 9 (1 )1.5 }

Eq.17.5.2.2.a & b
where, = min( , 8 ) = 4 and = 1
= 3.8

d) , : modification factor for eccentric loading. 17.5.2.5

1
, = ( )1
2
1 + 3
1
Taking the revised eccentricity based on the distribution of shear and torsion in Y
direction.
, = 0.4
, = 0.9375

e) , : modification factor for edge effect for a single anchor or a group of anchors
loaded in shear. 17.5.2.6

2
, = 0.7 + 0.3 ( ) = 0.9
1.51

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ANCHOR DESIGN | ACI 318-14 UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO

f) , = 1 for cracked concrete without supplementary reinforcement or with edge

reinforcement smaller than No.4 bar. 17.5.2.7

g) , = 1 as > 1.51 17.5.2.8

108
= 0.9375 0.9 1 1 3.8 = 4.81
72

Concrete breakout strength in shear ,

= 0.7 for condition B for shear 17.3.3(c)(i)
= 0.7 4.81 = 3.37

Shear force on the first row of anchors = 1.1 + 0.9 = 2

2
Strength utilization = = 3.37 = 0.59

Shear parallel to the edge

a) 0 = 72 2

b) = (4 + 6 + 6 + 6) 6 = 132 2

c) , , is not calculated for parallel to an

edge case.

d) , = 1, for shear parallel to an edge.

e) , = 1

f) , = 1

g) =
0.2
min {7 ( )

(1 )1.5 , 9 (1 )1.5 } =
3.8

132
= 72
1 1 1 3.8 = 6.96

Concrete breakout strength for shear parallel to

an edge is
2 = 2 0.75 6.96 = 10.44

Total shear in Y for concerned edge

1.1 3 = 3.3

3.3
Strength utilization = = = 0.32
10.44

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ANCHOR DESIGN | ACI 318-14 UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO

4.5.2 Failure from second row of anchors

Since, < 2,1 (6 < 10) ; So it would not be conservative to consider breakout against the load
distributed to all the active anchors. So, we shall check for concrete breakout by applying the entire load
on the second row of anchors (CASE 3) Fig. R17.5.2.1b

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ANCHOR DESIGN | ACI 318-14 UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO

Distribution of forces due to shear acting along Y direction and torsion

The eccentricity will remain the same for this case.

a) 0 = 4.5 102 = 450 2

b) = (15 + 8 + 4) 15 = 405 2

1
c) , = ( 2
) 1 = 0.94
1+
31

2
d) , = 0.7 + 0.3 (1.5 ) = 0.78
1

e) , = 1, for cracked concrete without supplementary reinforcement

f) , = 1

0.2
g) = min {7 ( ) (1 )1.5 , 9 (1 )1.5 } = 15.05

405
= 0.94 0.78 1 1 15.05 = 9.93
450

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ANCHOR DESIGN | ACI 318-14 UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO

Concrete breakout strength in shear, = 0.7 9.93 = 6.95

Shear force on the first row of anchors = 6
Strength utilization
6
= = 0.86
6.95

Shear parallel to the edge

a) 0 = 72 2

b) = (3 4) 6 = 72 2

c) , , is not calculated for parallel to an edge

case.

d) , = 1, for shear parallel to an edge.

e) , = 1

f) , = 1

g) =
0.2
min {7 ( )

(1 )1.5 , 9 (1 )1.5 } =
3.8
1 = 4
72
= 1 1 1 3.8 = 3.8
72

Concrete breakout strength for shear parallel to an

edge is

2 = 2 0.7 3.8 = 5.32

Total shear in Y for concerned edge = 3.75

Strength utilization
3.75
= = 0.70
5.32

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ANCHOR DESIGN | ACI 318-14 UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO

4.5.3 Failure from third row of anchors

This case is not considered as already Case 3 has been considered in failure from second row
anchors.

4.6. Steel strength of anchor in shear 17.5.1

For cast in headed bolt anchors

= 0.6 ,
17.5.1.2b
, = 0.142 2

min(1.9 , 125000)

= 58000

58000
= 0.6 0.142 = 4.94
1000

Number of active anchors for concrete failure in shear = 4 anchors

To calculate maximum shear in 4 anchors, we have distribute the shear force and torsion
due to eccentricity.

Due to Torsion

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ANCHOR DESIGN | ACI 318-14 UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO

6 6
2 2 = 6 ; = ; = =0.3
4 432 +42

4
= = = 0.24

3
= = = 0.18

6
Due to shear all the anchors will carry a force of 4 = 1.5

The total force on all the active anchors will be

20.248
Revised eccentricity = = 0.64
6
Design strength of the most stressed anchor = = 0.65 4.94 = 3.21
17.3.3(a)

Strength utilization for most stressed anchor

1.74
= = 0.54
3.21

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ANCHOR DESIGN | ACI 318-14 UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO

4.7 Concrete pryout strength of anchor in shear 17.5.3

For a group of anchors

=
Eq. 17.5.3.1b
For cast-in anchors = , concrete breakout strength in tension. Eq. 17.4.2.1b

In the direction along Y

= , , , , Eq. 17.4.2.1b

From 6.1 we know that the revised eccentricity for shear along Y due to combined action of
shear and torsion is = 0.4 . So,

1
, = = 0.98
2 0.4
1 + 3 12

1020
= 0.98 0.77 1 1 63.65 = 37.8
1296

Since, = 12 2.5 ; = 2

= 2 37.8 = 75.6

, for pryout strength: Condition B applies, so = 0.70 17.3.3(c)(i)

Design strength of the most stressed anchor = = 0.7 75.6 = 52.92
17.3.3(a)

Strength utilization for most stressed anchor

6
= = 0.11
52.92

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ANCHOR DESIGN | ACI 318-14 UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO

5 Check for ductility

Anchors and their attachments shall satisfy one of options (a) through (d) 17.2.3.4.3

a) For a group of anchors; the ratio of tensile load on the most highly stressed anchor to
the steel strength of that anchor shall be equal to or greater than the ratio of tensile
load on tension loaded anchors to the concrete governed strength of those anchors.

Steel Strength = 1.2 = 1.2 8.236 = 9.88 17.2.3.4.3a (i)

Tensile load on most highly stressed anchor (Anchor No. 2) = = 2
4
2
Utilization ratio = 9.88 = 0.2024
Number of tension loaded anchors, which is all in our case; so Tension load = 8

Concrete governed strength will be the nominal strength considering pullout, side-
face blowout and concrete breakout. 17.2.3.4.3a (ii)

(i) Pullout: For consideration of pullout in groups, the ratio shall be calculated
for the most highly stressed anchor.
= 9.312
Tensile load on most highly stressed anchor (Anchor No. 2) = 2
2
Utilization ratio for pullout = 9.312 = 0.215

(ii) Side-face blowout

= 52.3
= 8
8
Utilization ratio for side-face blowout = 52.3 = 0.1530

(iii) Concrete Breakout

= 34.6
= 8
8
Utilization ratio for concrete breakout = 34.6 = 0.2312

Governing concrete utilization ratio is for concrete breakout= 0.2312.

This is greater than the utilization ratio for steel failure= 0.2024.

Hence, our mode of failure is brittle. So we need to check other options b,c, and d

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ANCHOR DESIGN | ACI 318-14 UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO

6 Summary

S.No. Loading Type Failure Mode Utilization Ratio

1 Steel strength of anchor in tension 0.32

2 Concrete breakout strength of anchor in tension 0.44

Tension
3 Pullout strength 0.41

4 Concrete side-face blowout 0.29

5 Concrete breakout strength of anchor in shear 0.86

6 Shear Steel strength of anchor in shear 0.54

7 Concrete pryout strength of anchor in shear 0.11

Governing Tension Load 0.44

Governing Shear Load 0.86

7 Interaction of tensile and shear forces 17.6

Since, > 0.2 for the governing strength in shear, and > 0.2 for the governing strength in

tension, then 17.6.3

+ 1.2

0.44 + 0.86 = 1.3 > 1.2,

All the results have been verified using Quick Anchor, software by S K Ghosh Associates, which provides
detailed calculations at each and every step. The numbers got are within the same range as that from
the software.

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