Linking words

Function Expressions Examples

Addition And 1. John likes to fish and hunt.
.; In addition, . 2. People who exercise regularly have
; Moreover, .. more energy during the day and
; Besides, sleep better at night; In addition,
.............;Furthermore, they tend to live longer.
ott 3. People who exercise regularly have
oslt more energy during the day and
osltotuo....ottoottsn....... sleep better at night; moreover,
Whats more they tend to live longer.
4. People who exercise regularly have
more energy during the day and
sleep better at night; furthermore,
they tend to live longer.
5. Japanese food is not only delicious
to eat but also beautiful to look at
Contrast/ ;However,.. I like to eat fish but not to catch
Concession But them.
Otherwise It was raining; but/ yet/ and yet, Ann
Apart from that went out without an umbrella .
.;Nevertheless .............., Although / though/ Even though it
............,tttoensnll;......... was raining, Ann went out without an
..;Still ..........., umbrella.
;Yet ............, Despite / In spite of the rain, Ann
On the one hand, / on the other went out without an umbrella.
hand, It was raining; however,
Although / though /even though / nevertheless,/ nonetheless , Ann
Despite / in spite of .. went out without an umbrella.
No matter how
Cause / reason Because I am a little hungry, for I didn't eat
Because of breakfast this morning.
Due to I am a little hungry, because /since I
Owing to didn't eat breakfast this morning.
since The football match was delayed due
For to the weather
for these reasons, Owing to her hard work, She had
the cause of great marks in the exam
the reason for The cause of / the reason for her
to cause great marks is her hard work
Effect / result So I did not eat breakfast this morning, so
as a consequence, . .. I am a little hungry.
as a result, ... I did not eat breakfast this morning, as
consequently, ... a result/as a consequence/
hence, ... consequently / hence / therefore /
therefore, ... thus I am a little hungry.
thus, ...
Summarizing/ all in all, . .. Karim is never late to school. He always
concluding in brief, ... participates in class. He does his
in short, .. . exercises and home works. All in all /in
to conclude, ... brief /in short/to conclude/to
to summarize, ... summarize/in conclusion/in summary,
in conclusion, . Karim is a hardworking student.
in summary, ...
Purpose So that Many people emigrate in order that
In order to their children can have a better life.
So as to Many people emigrate so that their-
So as not to children can have a better life.
In order that
to
similarity ;Similarly,. Hawaii has sunshine and friendly
;likewise,.. people; similarly, Mexico's weather is
alike, like, just like sunny and its people hospitable.
as, just as Hawaii has sunshine and friendly
as well people; ; likewise, Mexico's weather is
compared with or to sunny and its people hospitable.
in comparison with or to Salma ; Just like her sister, loves
to be similar (to) basketball
Giving examples for example Sohayb plays many sports; For example/
for instance for instance/such as /as basketball,
such as aikido and karate.
as

list ideas in order first, second , third,... After I left school. I went to America.
of time first of all, ... First, take the underground to
before West-minster Station. Then walk up
to begin with Parliament Street until/ till you get
after to Downing Street. Next go to
the first (reason, cause, step, etc.) number 10. Smile at the policeman
next, ... while another ... before you ring the bell..
then . . . as soon as the last ...
after that, ... since the final ...
meanwhile, ...
in the meantime, .. .
finally, ...
last, ...
last of all, ...
subsequently, ...