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Lecture01 PDF
Lecture01 PDF
1
1
Scope of the Course
To discuss various aspects of watershed &
it managementt Integrated
its I t t d Watershed
W t h d
Management Approach.
Watershed ideal unit for multi-disciplinary
planning & management of land & water resources
ensure continuous benefits sustainable way
10
Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Concept
p of Watershed
el
main channe
Watershed Concept
servoir in m
Rainfall
Overland
Res
Infiltration
Land Hydrology
Groundwater
River
Hydrosphere
H d h in
i physical
h i l geographyh -
describes combined mass of waters found on,
under and above the surface of the planet .
Hydrosphere consists waters of land (rivers
and other water bodies, groundwater system
etc.), oceans & atmosphere surrounding the
land
Hydrological Cycle - Change in phase
of water in the hydrosphere.
12
Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Concept
p of Watershed..
Watershed: - topographically
p g p y delineated area
that is drained by a stream system
An area from which runoff resulting from precipitation
fl
flows pastt a single
i l point
i t into
i t a stream,
t river,
i lake
l k or an
ocean.
Watershed - drains from surrounding g Watershed
Rid
Ridge
ridges to the common point Ridge
Ridge
such as lake or stream
Overland
Shares boundaries with Valley
Groundwater
neighboring watersheds. River River
Creek
Ocean
Fig. modified from
(www.fergusonfoundation.org/btw/
13
Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay watershed.html )
Watershed characteristics
Size
Shape
Physiography
Climate
Drainage
Land use
Vegetation
Geology and Soils
Hydrology
Hydrogeology
Socioeconomics
14
Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Photos: Singh, 07. 2001
Size of Watershed
Size vary from few sq.m to thousands of Sq.km.
Main watershed,, Sub-
Sub-watershed,, Milli-
Milli-
watershed, Micro
Micro--watershed, Mini-
Mini-watershed etc.
Managing
g g Land & Water - watershed scale,,
appropriate-- environmentally, financially &
appropriate
socially
Environmental scale - watershed defined by natural
hydrology - Resources becomes a focal point in
order to understand factors that contributes the
problem.
People apathy:
apathy:-- People participation
Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay 18
Watershed Deterioration-
Deterioration- Consequences
q
Low productivity - agriculture, grasslands,
f
forests
t - reduction
d ti iin bi
biomass
Declination of groundwater level
level--
causing increase in cost of irrigation
Siltation of reservoirs, lakes and channels
F eq ent floods and droughts
Frequent d o ghts
Erosion and denudation
W t quality
Water lit & quantity
tit problems
bl
Poverty social problems
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/gallery/2008/aug/28/india.india?picture=337042017
19
Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Typical Watershed Problems
Physical problems
steep slope, bad lands, soil erosion...
Resource use problems
shifting cultivation, fire,
deforestation etc.
End problems
reduced yield, flood, drought
Socio-economic and other problems
Socio-
poverty, migration etc.
Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay 20
Watershed Complications
Influence of human on watershed
development Ph t
Photos: Si
Singh,
h 07
07.
2001
Eg: Changing contour of land & use, pollution sources.
Remedies: Land management, Stop pollution at
source; waste management, Reduce - fertilizers.
Water related issues: Surface & groundwater
quantity & quality.
l
Remedies: change in cropping pattern, agricultural
water management , rainwater harvesting,
harvesting stopping
point and non
non--point sources of pollution
Location:Lat
Location: Lat..23
2312
12'' to 23
2316
16'N
'N &
Long.. 77
Long 7718
18'' to 77
77
2323'' E
Ref: www.ramsar.org 24
Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Upper Lake Watershed Land Use
((2003)) - approximate
pp
Built Up Area 21.0 km2
Crop Land 219 3 km2
219.3
Ref:
www.ramsar.org
Interventions:
28
Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay Ref: www.ramsar.org
Interventions
Development of sewerage
system for managing 35 MLD domestic sewage
Solid waste management Practices
Organic farming instead of inorganic fertilizers
29
Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Stakeholder Participation
Well Coordinated awareness programs
Reforestation of watershed area
through participation of
farmers
32
Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Tutorial Questions?.
A) Discuss watershed concept within
the perspective of holistic
development of an area.
B) Illustrate important watershed
characteristics.
C) Describe watershed deterioration
and its consequences.
D) Wh
What are theh important
i water
related problems in a watershed?.
33
Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Self Evaluation Questions?.
Q
A) What is a watershed?. What is the
importance of watershed based approach in
water management?.
B) Discuss watershed approach planning,
planning
implementation & management.
C) What are the important principles of
watershed management?.
D)) Discuss watershed management
g as a
part of sustainable development.
34
Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Assignment
g Q
Questions?.
A) Discuss the water management in a
watershed as a part of hydrologic cycle?.
cycle?
B) What are the typical watershed related
problems?.
problems?
C) Discuss the necessity of watershed
management by considering various
problems in an arid zone watershed?.
D)) With the help
p of a case study,
y, show the
importance of people participation in
Watershed Management?.
35
Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
Unsolved Problem!.
In your locality, identify your watershed area.
List out the sources of water for the area.
area
Identify the nature of your watershed.
List out the water problems of your area.
area
Develop a plan presenting how will you apply
the p
principles
p o
of watershed
a d management
a ag to
o your
you
area?.
List out both short term and long term benefits
from the interventions of your plan.
36
Prof. T I Eldho, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Bombay
References