Thc tp K thut in Bi 4: Cc mch in chiu sng

BI 4

CC MCH IN CHIU SNG

A. MC CH YU CU:

1. MC CH:
Trang b cho sinh vin kin thc:
- Nguyn l cc mch in chiu sng c bn.
- Phng php o kim tra mch
- Phng php thi cng mch chiu sng c bn

2. YU CU:
Sau khi hc hc xong bi ny sinh vin c kh nng:
- Trnh by chnh xc s nguyn l cc mch in chiu sng c bn
- C kh nng sa cha, bo tr, lp rp cc mch in chiu sng

- T chc, lm vic nhm hiu qu

B. C S L THUYT

1. GII THIU MT S THIT B DNG TRONG MCH IN CHIU

SNG

1.1. Cu ch hp
- Cu ch l mt loi kh c in dng bo v thit b v li in trnh s c
ngn mch.
- Thng dng bo v cho ng dy dn, my bin p, ng c in, thit b
in, mch in iu khin, mch in thp sng.

Hnh 4.1: Hnh dng v k hiu ca cu ch hp.

Bin san: ThS Bi ng Hi Th.S on Minh Hi 50

Thc tp K thut in Bi 4: Cc mch in chiu sng

1.2. Cu dao

Cu dao l mt kh c in dng ng ct mch in bng tay, c s dng

trong cc mch in c ngun di 500V, dng in nh mc c th ln ti vi KA.

Thng bn trong cu dao c gn cu ch bo v s c ngn mch.

Hnh 4.2: Hnh dng v k hiu ca cu dao.

1.3. CB (Circuit Breaker)

CB l kh c in dng ng ngt mch in (mt pha, ba pha); c cng dng bo

v qu ti, ngn mch, st p mch in. CB c nhiu dng:

MCCB (Moulded case Circuit Breaker):

Hnh 4.3: Hnh dng ca MCCB

MCB (Miniature case Circuit Breaker):

Hnh 4.4: Hnh dng ca MCB

Bin san: ThS Bi ng Hi Th.S on Minh Hi 51

Thc tp K thut in Bi 4: Cc mch in chiu sng

ELCB (Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker) v RCCB (Residual Current Circuit Breaker)

Ngoi chc nng bo v qu ti, cn c thm chc nng bo v chng dng in

r. nhy t 10mA n 30mA (1 pha) v t 100mA n 300mA (3 pha).

Hnh 4.5: Hnh dng ca ELCB v RCCB

K hiu ca CB

Hnh 4.6: K hiu ca CB.

1.4. cm + phch cm

L ni ly in cung cp cho cc thit b in di ng cng sut nh nh qut,

bp in, bn l...

Hnh 4.7: Hnh dng ca phch cm, cm v k hiu ca cm.

Bin san: ThS Bi ng Hi Th.S on Minh Hi 52

Thc tp K thut in Bi 4: Cc mch in chiu sng

1.5. Cng tc

Dng iu ng ct cung cp in cho mch n, thng c dng < 15A, gm

c cc loi cng tc 2 cc, 3 cc, 4 cc

2
1

Hnh 4.8: Hnh dng, k hiu ca cng tc 2 cc v 3 cc.

1.6. Nt nhn

Nt nhn cng gi l nt iu khin l mt loi kh c in dng ng ngt t

xa cc thit b in t khc nhau; cc dng c bo hiu v cng chuyn i cc
mch in iu khin, tn hiu lin ng bo v

Trong dn dng thng dng iu khin mch in chung cng.

Hnh 4.9: Hnh dng, k hiu ca nt nhn.

Bin san: ThS Bi ng Hi Th.S on Minh Hi 53

Thc tp K thut in Bi 4: Cc mch in chiu sng

1.7. n chung - qut ng c

Hnh 4.10: Hnh dng, k hiu ca n dy tc.

Hnh 4.11: Hnh dng, k hiu ca n compact.

Hnh 4.12: Hnh dng, k hiu ca n hunh quang.

Hnh 4.13: Hnh dng, k hiu ca chung ca.

Bin san: ThS Bi ng Hi Th.S on Minh Hi 54

Thc tp K thut in Bi 4: Cc mch in chiu sng

Hnh 4.14: Hnh dng, k hiu ca qut in.

Hnh 4.14: Hnh dng, k hiu ca ng c 1P, 3P.

Bin san: ThS Bi ng Hi Th.S on Minh Hi 55

Thc tp K thut in Bi 4: Cc mch in chiu sng

2. CC MCH IN CHIU SNG C BN

2.1. Mch in 1 cu ch, 1 bng n, 1 cng tc

a. S nguyn l
P N

b. S lp t

P~
N0

c. S dy n (mt ln)

Nguyn l hot ng:

Khi bt cng tc ng mch th bng n c cung cp in p, c dng in chy qua
tim n lm n sng.
Khi cng tc h mch th khng c dng in chy qua tim n lm n sng.

Bin san: ThS Bi ng Hi Th.S on Minh Hi 56

Thc tp K thut in Bi 4: Cc mch in chiu sng

2.2. Mch in 1 cu ch, 1 bng n, 1 cng tc, 1 cm

a. S nguyn l

P N

b. S lp t
P
N

c. S dy n (mt ln)

Nguyn l hot ng:

cm lun c in. Khi bt cng tc K ng mch th bng n c cung cp in p,
c dng in chy qua tim n lm n sng.
Khi cng tc K h mch th khng c dng in chy qua tim n lm n sng.

Bin san: ThS Bi ng Hi Th.S on Minh Hi 57

Thc tp K thut in Bi 4: Cc mch in chiu sng

2.3. Mch in 2 n sng lun phin

a. S nguyn l
1

P N
2

b. S lp t
P
N

c. S dy n (mt ln)

Nguyn l hot ng:

Khi mch c cp ngun s c mt trong hai bng n 1 hoc 2 s sng. Khi ta bc
cng tc th bng khc s sng, bng kia tt.
ng dng:
Mch c s dng trong trng hp lc no cng c mt n sng, mt bng n c
nh v mt bng tm thi.

Bin san: ThS Bi ng Hi Th.S on Minh Hi 58

Thc tp K thut in Bi 4: Cc mch in chiu sng

2.4. Mch in 2 n sng t, sng m

a. S nguyn l

P
b. S lp t

P
N

c. S dy n (mt ln)

Nguyn l hot ng:

Khi cng tc ba chu v tr nh hnh v th n 1 v n sng m do mch lc ny l
ni tip, mi n ch c cung cp mt in p Ung/2.
Khi bc cng tc 3 chu v tr khc th n 1 s khng sng v n 2 s sng bnh
thng.

Bin san: ThS Bi ng Hi Th.S on Minh Hi 59

Thc tp K thut in Bi 4: Cc mch in chiu sng

2.5. Mch in n cu thang (1 n iu khin 2 ni), dng 1

a. S nguyn l

K1 K2

P
b. S lp t
P
N

c. S dy n (mt ln)

Nguyn l hot ng:

Mch dng 2 cng tc 3 chu v mt bng n.
Khi cng tc 1, 2 nh hnh v th c dng in chy qua n n sng.
Nu ta bc cng tc K1 hoc K2 th khng c dng in chy qua n n khng
sng.
ng dng:
Mch c s dng nhng ni m mt n cn hai ni iu khin nh cu thang

Bin san: ThS Bi ng Hi Th.S on Minh Hi 60

Thc tp K thut in Bi 4: Cc mch in chiu sng

2.6. Mch in n cu thang (1 n iu khin 2 ni), dng 2

a. S nguyn l

P~
NN

K1 K2

b. S lp t
P
N

c. S dy n (mt ln)

Nguyn l hot ng:

Mch dng 2 cng tc 3 chu v mt bng n.
Khi cng tc 1, 2 nh hnh v th c dng in chy qua n n sng.
Nu ta bc cng tc K1 hoc K2 th khng c dng in chy qua n n khng
sng.
ng dng:
Mch c s dng nhng ni m mt n cn hai ni iu khin nh cu thang

Bin san: ThS Bi ng Hi Th.S on Minh Hi 61

Thc tp K thut in Bi 4: Cc mch in chiu sng

2.7. Mch in n iu khin 3 ni

a. S nguyn l

K1 K2 K3

P
b. S lp t
P
N

c. S dy n (mt ln)

Nguyn l hot ng:

Mch dng 2 cng tc 3 chu , 1 cng tc 4 chu v mt bng n.
Khi cng tc 1, 2, 3 nh hnh v th khng c dng in chy qua n n khng
sng. Nu ta bc cng tc K1 hoc K2 hoc K3 th c dng in chy qua n n sng.
ng dng:
Mch c s dng nhng ni m mt n cn ba ni iu khin khc nhau

Bin san: ThS Bi ng Hi Th.S on Minh Hi 62

Thc tp K thut in Bi 4: Cc mch in chiu sng

2.8. Mch in n iu khin 4 ni

a. S nguyn l

K1 K2 K3 K4

b. S lp t

P
N

c. S dy n (mt ln)

Bin san: ThS Bi ng Hi Th.S on Minh Hi 63

Thc tp K thut in Bi 4: Cc mch in chiu sng

2.9. Mch in n nh kho

a. S nguyn l

1 2 3 4
P N

CT1 CT2 CT3 CT4

b. S lp t
P
N

1 2 3 4

CT1 CT2 CT3 CT4

Nguyn l hot ng:
Khi cc cng tc ba chu v tr nh hnh v th khng c n no sng.
Khi bc cng tc CT1 th 1 sng.
Bc tip cng tc CT2 th 2 sng; 1 tt.
Bc tip cng tc CT3 th 3 sng ; 2 , 1 tt.
Bc tip cng tc CT4 th 4 sng ; 3, 2 , 1 tt.

Bin san: ThS Bi ng Hi Th.S on Minh Hi 64

Thc tp K thut in Bi 4: Cc mch in chiu sng

2.10. Mch n hunh quang

a. Mt cu ch, mt cng tc, mt bng n (chn lu cun dy)

~ N

b. Mt cu ch, mt cng tc, hai bng n

c. Mt cu ch, mt cng tc, mt bng n (chn lu in t)

Bin san: ThS Bi ng Hi Th.S on Minh Hi 65

Thc tp K thut in Bi 4: Cc mch in chiu sng

2.11. Mch in qut trn

Gii thiu cc phn t trong mch qut v chc nng ca tng b phn:
Hp s, dimmer:

Chc nng hp s, dimmer: Hp s, dimmer l b phn dng iu chnh tc ca

ng c qut

T in:
Thng c thng s t 2,2-2,5 F. c mc ni tip vi cun lm cho ng c qut
quay v quay theo ng chiu.

ng c qut:
C 2 cun dy (Cun dy v cun dy chy).

Xc nh cun v cun chy: S dng ng h VOM xc nh in tr ca 2 cun

dy, R > Rchy, t suy lun ra cc cun dy. Trong ng c qut c 2 cun dy nhng c 3
u dy ra, c 1 u dy chung cho 2 cun dy, 2 u cn li l ca 2 cun dy.
T c th xc nh cc u dy ca ng c qut:
V d: ng c qut c 3 u ra mu xanh, , vng.
Qua 3 ln thc hin o in tr cc cun dy thu c 3 gi tr in tr nh sau:
RX- = 127
RX-V = 148
RV- = 275
T 3 gi tr trn suy ra dy mu Xanh l dy chung cho 2 cun dy v dy chy (V
in tr RV- l in tr tng ca 2 cun dy), dy mu l u dy cun lm vic, u
dy mu Vng cn li l u dy cun .

Lp mch qut:

Bin san: ThS Bi ng Hi Th.S on Minh Hi 66

Thc tp K thut in Bi 4: Cc mch in chiu sng

a. S nguyn l

P N

b. S lp t

P
N

c. S dy n (mt ln)

Bin san: ThS Bi ng Hi Th.S on Minh Hi 67

Thc tp K thut in Bi 4: Cc mch in chiu sng

2.12. Mch in qut bn

Bin san: ThS Bi ng Hi Th.S on Minh Hi 68

Thc tp K thut in Bi 4: Cc mch in chiu sng

2.13. Mch in 1 cu ch, 1 nt nhn, 1 chung

a. S nguyn l

P N

b. S lp t

P ~
NN

c. S dy n (mt ln)

Nguyn l hot ng:

Khi nhn nt nhn th c dng in chy qua chung lm chung ku.
Khi th nt nhn ra, h mch th khng c dng in chy qua chung lm chung
khng ku.

Bin san: ThS Bi ng Hi Th.S on Minh Hi 69

Thc tp K thut in Bi 4: Cc mch in chiu sng

2.14. Mch in 1 cu ch, 2 nt nhn, 2 chung

a. S nguyn l

P N

b. S lp t

P
N

c. S dy n (mt ln)

Bin san: ThS Bi ng Hi Th.S on Minh Hi 70

Thc tp K thut in Bi 4: Cc mch in chiu sng

2.15. Mch in 1 cu ch, nhiu nt nhn iu khin 1 chung

a. S nguyn l

P N

~ N

b. S lp t

P
N

Bin san: ThS Bi ng Hi Th.S on Minh Hi 71

Thc tp K thut in Bi 4: Cc mch in chiu sng

2.16. Mch in 1 cu ch, 1 nt nhn iu khin nhiu chung

a. S nguyn l

P N

b. S lp t

P
N

Bin san: ThS Bi ng Hi Th.S on Minh Hi 72

Thc tp K thut in Bi 4: Cc mch in chiu sng

2.17. Mch bm nc t ng (1 bn)

a. S nguyn l

P N

A1 A2

CB

Ging nc
b. Nguyn l hot ng:
A1_A2: tip im thng m ca phao
B1_B2: tip im thng ng ca phao
Ta c cng tc phao t h nc iu khin ng m ng c theo mc nc trong h
(phao di l mc nc thp, phao trn l mc nc cao)
Khi bn nc xung di mc nc thp th tip im ca cng tc phao l A1_A2
s ng cung cp in cho ng c bm nc t ging nc ln bn. Khi nc trn bn t
n mc cao th tip im ca cng tc phao l A1_A2 s h ngt in cung cp cho ng c,
ngng bm nc.
Mc nc nm trong khang t mc thp n mc cao th tip im ca cng tc
phao khng thay i trng thy.

Bin san: ThS Bi ng Hi Th.S on Minh Hi 73

Thc tp K thut in Bi 4: Cc mch in chiu sng

2.18. Mch bm nc t ng (2 bn nc)

Mch dng trong cc nh cao tng, dng bm nc t bn 1 (di t) ln bn 2 (sn

thng)

a. S nguyn l

P N

A1 A2

CB H2

B1 B2

H1

b. Nguyn l hot ng:

A1_A2: tip im thng m ca phao 2
B1_B2: tip im thng ng ca phao 1
Ta c hai phao hai bn khc nhau do nguyn l hot ng chia lm hai trng hp:
Trng hp 1: Khi bn 2 ht nc tip im thng m ca phao 2 l A1_A2 s
ng, bn 1 cn nc tip im thng ng B1_B2 ng, cung cp in cho ng c bm
nc t bn 1 ln bn 2.
Trng hp 2: Khi bn 1 ht nc nh vy tip im thng ng ca ca phao 1 l
B1_B2 s m ra v lc ny mch b h do cho d bn 2 c ht nc th my bm vn
khng chy.

Bin san: ThS Bi ng Hi Th.S on Minh Hi 74

Thc tp K thut in Bi 4: Cc mch in chiu sng

C. PHN THC HNH

1. Dng c - Thit b

STT Dng c S lng n v tnh Ghi ch

1 ng h o VOM 1 ci
2 B ngh th in 1 ci
3 Dy in i, n mm 5 m/loi
5 Cng tc 2 chu 2 ci
6 Cng tc 3 chu 2 ci
7 Cu ch 1 ci
8 cm 1 ci
9 Phch cm 1 ci
10 Tp l 10x20 2 ci
11 n trn 5W 2 ci
12 n hynh quang 0,6m 1 b
13 CB khi 1 ci
14 Bng keo in 1 cun

2. Bi tp thc hnh

Bi 1: o kim tra v kho st ghi cc thng s cc loi thit b in c s dng

trong mng in chiu sng dn dng.

1. Cu ch: Im = ............(A)
2. Cng tc 2 chu: Im = ............(A)
3. Nt nhn: Im = ............(A)
4. Dimmer: Im = ............(A), Um = ............(V)
5. CB: Im = ............(A)
6. n dy tc: Um = ............(V), Pm = ............(W)
7. n compact: Um = ............(V), Pm = ............(W)
8. n hunh quang: Um = ............(V), Pm = ............(W)
9. Chung in: Um = ............(V), Pm = ............(W)
10. Qut: Um = ............(V), Pm = ............(W)

Bi 2: Thc hnh lp mch in chiu sng c bn.

1. Rp mch in 1 cu ch, 1 bng n, 1 cng tc, 1 cm.

Qui trnh lp rp:

1. Kim tra thit b
2. Rp mch
3. o ngui

Bin san: ThS Bi ng Hi Th.S on Minh Hi 75

Thc tp K thut in Bi 4: Cc mch in chiu sng

4. Cp ngun, vn hnh

2. Rp mch in n iu khin 2 ni.

3. Rp mch in n hunh quang.
4. Rp mch in iu khin chung ca.
5. Rp mch in iu khin nh sng n dy tc (s dng Dimmer n).
6. Rp mch in iu khin my bm nc.

Bi 3: Thc hnh lp mch in theo s b tr sau:

Ngun vo 700mm
100mm
400mm

400mm
n 1 n 2

Dimmer: iu khin n 1
CT2, CT3: iu khin n 2

CT1 Dimmer CT3

Bin san: ThS Bi ng Hi Th.S on Minh Hi 76

Thc tp K thut in Bi 4: Cc mch in chiu sng

D. CU HI N TP

1. Cc bc tin hnh o ngui mt mch in chiu sng?

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2. Khi o kim thit b in, gi tr in tr xy ra cc trng hp no?

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Bin san: ThS Bi ng Hi Th.S on Minh Hi 77