DETERMINANTS Page # 1

DETERMINANTS

EXERCISE I HINTS & SOLUTIONS

Sol.1 A
1 b2 c 2
1 2 1 = (1 + a2 + b2 + c2) 0 1 0 (R2 R2 R1, R3 R3 R1)
0 0 1
Let k = 3 2 2 2 2 2 1
32 2 22 2 1 = (1 + a2 + b2 + c2) (1.1.1.)
= (1 + a2 + b2 + c2)
P 2 R 2 R1 & R 3 R 3 R1 Sol.3 D
Given a, b, c are non-zero real numbers then
1 2 1
4 2 2 2 2 0
=K= b2c 2 bc b c
42 2 2 2 0 c 2a2 ca c a
R 2 R 2 + R3 a2b2 ab a b

Multiply R1, R2, R3 by a, b, c respectively and

1 2 1
8 0 0 hence divide by abc
=k=
42 2 2 2 0 (abc ) bc abc a(b c )
1
= (abc ) ca abc b(c a)
C 1 C 1 C2 abc (abc ) ab abc c (a b)
= k = 3(0) 2(0) + 1 (16 2 )
(abc )2 bc 1 ab ac
= k = 16 2 = ca 1 bc ab
abc ab 1 ca bc
Absolute value will be |k| = 16 2
Sol.2 A bc 1 ab bc ca
= abc ca 1 ab bc ca (c3 c1 + c3)
a2 1 ab ac ab 1 ab bc ca
Given, ba b2 1 bc
ca cb c 2 1 bc 1 1
= abc (ab + bc + ca) ca 1 1 = 0
ab 1 1
multiplying C1, C2, C3 by a, b, c respectively
Sol.4 A
a(a2 1) ab2 ac2
1 a2b b(b2 1) bc2 sin 2 sin( ) sin( 1)
= sin( ) sin 2 sin( )
abc ac2 2
b c 2
c(c 1) =
sin( ) sin( ) sin 2
Now taking common a, b, c from R1, R2, R3
respectively sin cos sin cos sin cos sin sin cos cos ec sin
= sin cos cos sin sin cos sin cos sin cos cos sin
a2 1 b2 c2 sin cos cos sin sin cos cos sin cos sin cos
abc 2
= a b 1 c2
2
abc a 2
b2 c2 1 sin cos 0 cos sin 0
= sin cos 0 cos sin 0 = 0
sin cos 0 cos sin 0
1 a2 b 2 c 2 b2 c2
2 2 2 2 2
= 1 a b c b 1 c (c1 c1 + c2 + c3)
2 2 2 2 2 Sol.5 C
1 a b c b c 1

1 b2 c2 a 2 (1 x ) ab ac
2
= (1 + a + b + c ) 1 b 1 c 2
2 2 2 2
D=
ab b (1 x) bc
1 b2 c2 1 ac bc c 2 (1 x)

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 Page # 2 DETERMINANTS

C 1 C 1 + C2 + C 3
a(1 x) a a
= abc b b(1 x ) b 1 b b
c c c(1 x ) (a + 2b) 1 a b = 0
1 b a

1 1 1 R 2 R 2 R1 & R 3 R 3 R1
2 2
=a b c 2 1 (1 a ) 1
1 1 1 a 1 b b
(a + 2b) 0 a n 0 = 0 a + 2b = 0
0 0 a b
C 1 C 1 + C2 + C3 ;

1 1 1
Sol.8 B
= a2b2c2 (3 + x) 1 1 x 1
1 1 1 x sin cos sin sin sin sin cos
Given, = cos cos cos sin sin
R 2 R 2 R 1 ; & R3 R 3 R1 ; sin sin sin cos 0

1 1 1 Applying R1 R1 cos R2 sin

= a2b2c2 (x + 3) 0 x 0 a2b2c2 x2 (x + 3)
0 0 x 0 0 1
= cos cos cos sin sin
Sol.6 C sin sin sin cos 0
= 1 (sin cos cos2 + sin cos sin2 )
2a b e
= sin cos (sin2 + cos2 )
1 = 2d e t
4x 2y 2z = sin cos
which is independent of

f 2d e Sol.9 B
2 = 2z 4 x 2y
e 2a b
b1 c1 c1 a1 a1 b1
b2 c 2 c 2 a2 a 2 b2
a b e f d e b3 c 3 c 3 a3 a3 b3
1 = 4 d e f , 2 = 4 z x y
x y z e a b C 1 C 1 + C2 + C 3

a1 b1 c1 c1 a1 a1 b1
Q e b e a b
1 = 4 d f e = 4 f d e = 2 a 2 b2 c 2 c 2 a 2 a2 b2
x z y z x y a3 b3 c 3 c 3 a3 a3 b3

= C 2 C 2 C1 , C 3 C 3 C1
f d e f d e
a1 b1 c1 b1 c1
1 = 4 e a b = 4 z x y = 2
z x y e a b = 2 2 b2 c 2 b2 c 2
a
a3 b3 c 3 b3 c 3
1 = 2 = 0
C 1 C 1 + C2 + C 3

Sol.7 B a1 b1 c1 a1 b1 c1
Given a b a b c
=2 2 2 2 = 2 2 b2 c 2
a
ax + by + bz = 0 a3 b3 c 3 a3 b3 c 3
bx + ay + by = 0
bx + by + ax = 0 Sol.10 A
for non trivial solution Given

a b b 1 a2 a 4 1 1 1
D=0 b a b =0 1 b2 b 4 a b c
b b a 2 4 =k
1 c c a 2 b2 c 2
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 DETERMINANTS Page # 3

(b2 a2) (c2 a2) (c2 b2) = k (a b) (b c) (c a)

k = (a + b) (b + c) (c + a)

Sol.11 A
Given equations are 2x + y + z = 1
x 2y + z = 2
x + y + z = 4
2 1 1
Here D = 1 2 1
1 1
D = 2(2 1) 1( 1) + 1(1 + 2)
D = 3 + 6
The system of equation will have no solution if D = 0
so 3 + 6 = 0 = 2

Sol.12 B
Given equations are x + y z = 6
x + 2y 3z = 14
2x + 5y z = 9
1 1 1
Here D = 1 2 3
2 5
D = 1(2 + 15) 1( + 6) 1(5 4)
D=+8
The system of equation has a unique solution if
D 0 so + 8 0 8

Sol.13 A
3x +ky 2z = 0
x + ky + 3z = 0
2x + 3y 4z = 0
D=0
3 k 2
1 k 3 =0
2 3 4
3(4k a) k ( 4 6) 2(3 2k) = 0
12k 27 + 4k + 6k 6 + 43k = 0
2k = 33
33
k=
2

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 Page # 4 DETERMINANTS

EXERCISE II HINTS & SOLUTIONS (LEVEL - I)

A B C 1 1 1
Sol.1 D = D = sin sin sin 2 2 2
2 2 2
Given a, b, c > 0 & x, y, z R, then
1
D
(a x a x )2 (a x a x )2 1 8
(b y b y )2 (b y b y )2 1
Sol.4 C
(c z c z )2 (c z c z )2 1
a x e xna x 2
Applying C1 C1 C2 a 3 x e3 xna x 4
f(x) = 5 x
a e5 xna 1
4 (a x a x )2 1 1 (a x a x )2 1
y y 2 y y 2
= 4 (b b ) 1 = 4 1 (b b ) 1 = 0
4 (c z c z )2 1 1 (c c z )2 1
z

ax a x x2
Sol.2 B a 3 x a3 x x 4
f(x) = 5 x 5 x
a a 1
cos ( ) sin( ) cos 2
Given sin cos sin
sin sin cos

Applying R1 R1 + sin R2 + cos R3 a x a x x 2

a 3 x a 3 x x 4
f(x) = 5 x
cos( ) sin( ) cos 2 a a 5 x 1
sin sin cos cos cos sin sin cos sin2 cos2
sin cos sin
= cos sin cos

a x ax x2
0 0 cos 2 1
a 3 x a 3 x x 4
= sin cos sin f(x) = 5 x
cos sin cos a a5 x 1

= (cos 2 + 1)(sin2 + cos2 ) = (1 + cos 2)

f(x) + f(x) = 0
Sol.3 B
Sol.5 A,B
A B
C
sin sin sin x 2y z z
2 2
2
Given y 2x z z
B
A
D = sin( A B C ) sin
sin y 2y z 2x 2y z
2
2
A B C C Applying R2 R2 R1 , R3 R3 R1
cos tan( A B C) sin
2 2
x 2y z z
= ( x y) 2( x y ) z
A B C ( x y) 0 2( x y )
sin sin
sin A B C
2 2 2 sin sin sin
B A 2 2 2 x 2y z z
sin sin sin B A
= 2 2 = 0 sin sin = (x y)2 1 2 0
C 2 2 1 0 1
cos tan sin C
2 2 0 tan sin
2 = (x y)2 4(x + y z)
= 4(x y)2 (x + y z)

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 DETERMINANTS Page # 5

Sol.9 C
Sol.6 A,B
Given x, y, z R

x xy xyz
a a2 0 = 2x 5x 2y 7x 5 y 2z = 16
Given = 1 2a b (a b)2 3 x 7x 3 y 9x 7 y 3z
0 1 2a 3b
L.H.S. = R3 R3 R1 R2

x xy xyz
Applying R2 R2 R1 2 x 5 x 2 y 7 x 5 y 2z
=
0 x xy

a 0 0 x xy xyz
2
= 1 a b (a b) 0 3x 5x 3 y (R R 2R )
0 1 2a 3b = 2 2 1
0 x xy
= x[3x(x + y) x(5x + 3y)]
2
= a [(a + b) (2a + 3b) (a + b) ] = 2x3
Now 2x3 = 16 x = 2
= a(a + b) (2a + 3b a b)
= a(a + b) (a + 2b) Sol.10 B

1 sin2 x cos 2 x 4 sin 2x

sin2 x 1 cos 2 x 4 sin 2x
Sol.7 D f(x) =
sin2 x cos 2 x 1 4 sin 2x
Given equations are x + 2y + 3z = 4
x + y + 2z = 3 C 1 C 1 + C2
x + 4y + z = 3
2 cos2 x 4 sin 2x
1 2 3 2 1 cos 2 x 4 sin 2x
f(x) =
Here D = 1 2 1 cos2 x 1 4 sin 2x
1 4

D = ( 8) 2( 2) + 3(4 ) C 1 C 1 + C3
= 2 3 + 8
= ( 2) 3 + 8 1 cos 2 x 4 sin 2x
The system of equation has an infinite a number 1 1 cos 2 x 4 sin 2x
f(x) = (2 + 4 sin 2x)
1 cos 2 x 1 4 sin 2x
of solution if D = 0 which not gives value of
and . R 2 R 2 R1 & R 3 R 3 R1

Sol.8 C 1 cos2 x 4 sin 2x

1 sin 1 f(x) = (2 + 4sin 2x) 0 1 0
0 0 1
A = sin 1 sin
1 sin 1 f(x) = 2 + 4 sin 2x
Given 0 [0, 2]
f(x) = 8 cos 2x = 0 cos 2x = cos x=
1 sin 1 2 4
Det A = sin 1 sin
1 sin 1 3 1
4
=1(1 + sin2) sinq (sin + sin) + 1 (sin2 + 2 2
1 3
1) f = 4 =6
= 1 + sin2 + sin2 + 1 4 2 2
1 1
= 2sin2 + 2 5
2 2
at sin 0, Det( A ) 2
= 2(sin2 1)
at sin 0, Det( A ) 4
Det (A) [2, 4]

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 Page # 6 DETERMINANTS

Sol.11 A
1 1 1
= ( x1 ) 1( x 2 ) 1( x3 )
a3 x a 4 x a5 x 2 ( x1 ) 2 ( x 2 ) 2 ( x 3 )
5 6 7
D= a x a x a x C 2 C 2 C1 & C 3 C 3 C1
a x a x a9 x
7 8

1 0 0
x1 a1 x 2 x1 x 3 x1
=
R 2 R 2 R1 & R 3 R 3 R 1 x12 b1x 2 b2 x 22 x12 b( x 2 x1) x 32 x12 b1( x 3 x1)

1 0 0
a 3 x a 4 x a5 x = (x2 x1) (x3 x1) x1 a1 1 1
a2 a2 a2 2
x1 b1x1b 2 x 2 x1 b1 x 3 x1 b1
D= 4 4
a a a4
1 0 0
x1 a1 1 1
= (x2 x1) (x3 x1)
x12 b1x1 b 2 x 2 x1 b1 x 3 x1 b1
a3 x a4 x a5 x = (x2 x1) (x3 x1) {x3 + x1 + b1 x2 x4 b1}
D = a2 . a4 1 1 1
1 1 1 = (x1 x2) (x2 x3) (x3 x1)

Sol.14 A,B,C,D
D=0 Given a1, a2, a3 in A.P.
& b2, b2, b3 in H.P.

Sol.12 A,B,C a1 b1 a1 b2 a1 b3
= a 2 b1 a2 b2 a2 b3
a3 b1 a3 b2 a3 b3
x a b
b x a R 2 R 2 R1 & R 3 R 3 R1
Given a, b > 0 and =
a b x
a1 b1 a1 b 2 a1 b3
= 2 a1 a 2 a1 a 2 a1
a
Applying R1 R1 + R2 + R3 a3 a1 a3 a1 a3 a1

=0
abx abx abx
= b x a Sol.15 A,B,C
a b x

a1 b1 c1 c11 c12 c13

a b c
Let D = 2 2 2 & = 21 b22 c 23
a
1 1 1 a3 b3 c3 a31 b32 c 33
= (a + b x) b x a
a b x

a1 b1 c1 c11 c 21 c 31 D 0 0
= (a + b x) [1(x2 ab) 1(bx a2) + 1(b2 + ax)]
D.T = a 2 b2 c 2 c12 c 22 c 32 = 0 D 0 = D3
= (a + b x) [x2 ab + bx + a2 + b2 + ax] a3 b3 c 3 a13 b 23 c 33 0 0 D

= (a + b x) [x2 + (a + b)x + a2 + b2 ab]

T = D2 =
2
If a = b then = (2b x) (x + b)
If D = 27
If = 0 which gives three real roots = (33)2 = 36
Sol.13 A,B is present cube
1 (x) = x + a1
2 (x) = x2 + b1x + b2

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 DETERMINANTS Page # 7

EXERCISE III HINTS & SOLUTIONS(LEVEL-I)

1. B
2. A
3. D

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 Page # 8 DETERMINANTS

EXERCISE III HINTS & SOLUTIONS(LEVEL-II)

Sol.1 (b) p 1 x x 1
Sol.24 (a) Given f(x) = 2x x( x 1) ( x 1)x
3 x( x 1) x( x 1)( x 2) ( x 1)x( x 1)
Sol.8 (a) x = 1 or x = 2; (b) x = 4
Applying C3 C3 (C1 + C2)
3 2
Sol.9 x = 0 or x =
2

a b 2 c2 =
1
2x
x
x( x 1)
0
0 =0
3x( x 1) x( x 1)( x 2) 0
Sol.12 2 ( a2 + b2 + c2 + )
f(x) = 0 f(100) = 0
Sol.14 Triangle ABC is isosceles.
(b) Given system of equation,
Sol.18 (a) x = 1 , y = 2 , z = 3 ; consistent u + 2v + 3w = 6
(b) x = 2 , y = 1 , z = 1 ; consistent 4u + 5v + 6w = 12
(c) inconsistent 6u + 9v = 4
1 2 3 6
33 15
Sol.19 K =
2
, x:y: z = : 1: 3
2 Augmented matrix, 4 5 6 12
6 9 0 4
Sol.20 2 Applying R2 R2 4R1 & R3 R3 6R1
Sol.22 2 1 2 3 6 1 2 3 6
0 3 6 12 R 3 R 3 R 2 0 3 6 12
0 3 18 32 0 0 12 20

Sol.23 Given equations are x + y + z = 6
x + 2y + 3z = 10 u + 2v + 3w = 6
x + 2y + z = 3v 6w = 12
12 w = 20
1 1 1
Here D = 1 2 3 = 1(2 6) 1( 3) + 1(2 2) = 3 1 2 5
1 2 u = 3 ; v = ; w =
3 3

6 1 1 1 1 1 9
D1 = 10 2 3 = 2 + 16 (u + v + w) = 2 ; u v w =
2 10
Now, a, b, c, d are in GP, then
1 1 1 b2 = ac; c2 = bd; ad = bc
D2 = 1 10 3 = 2 + 4 [(b c)2 + (c a)2 + (d b)2]
1
= b2 + c2 + c2 + a2 + d2 + b2 2bc 2ca 2bd
= (a d)2
1 1 6 Observing given equation,
D3 = 1 2 10 = 10
1 2
1 1 1 2
x +[(b c)2+(c a)2+(d b)2] x+(u+v+w)=0
D1 D D u v w
By cramers rule : x = ,y= 2 ,z= 3 & 20 x2 + 10 (a d)2 x 9 = 0
D D D
(a) A unique solution : D 0 i.e. 3 we can say, equations have reciprocal roots.
(b) Infinite number of solutions :
D = D 1 = D2 = D3 = 0 Sol.25 Since, the given system has non-zero solution
i.e. = 3, = 10 1 k 1 1 k k 1 1
(c) No solution : D = 0 and at least one k 1 1 = 0 1 k 2 1 = 0
D1, D2, D3 is not zero 1 1 1 0 0 1
i.e. = 3, 10 ( Applying C1 C1 C2, C2 C2 + C3)
2(k + 1) (k + 1)2 = 0 (k + 1) (2 k 1) = 0
k=1

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 DETERMINANTS Page # 9

a2 a 1
sin cos sin 2 sin(n 1)x sin nx sin(n 1)x = 0
Sol.28 Given :
cos(n 1)x cos nx cos(n 1)x
2 2 4
Sol.26 Let = sin cos sin 2
3 3 3 a2 [sin nx. cos (n 1)x cos nx. sin (n 1)x]

sin
2


cos
2
sin 2
4

a [sin (n + 1)x. cos (n 1)x cos (n + 1)x. sin (n 1)x]
3 3 3 +1 [cos nx. sin (n + 1)x sin nx. cos (n + 1) x] = 0
a2 sin [nx (n 1)x] a sin [(n + 1)x (n 1) x]
Applying R2 R2 + R3 + sin [(n + 1) x nx] = 0
sin x (a2 a cos x + 1) = 0 sin x = 0
sin cos sin 2 x = n; n I
2 2 2 2 4 4
= sin
3
sin
3
cos
3
cos
3
sin 2
3
sin 2
3

2 2 4
sin cos sin 2
3 3 3

sin cos sin 2

2 2 4
= 2 sin cos 2 cos cos 2 sin 2 cos
3 3 3
2 2 4
sin cos sin 2
3 3 3

sin cos sin 2

= sin cos sin 2 =0

2 2 4
sin cos sin 2
3 3 3

(since R1 and R2 are proportional)

Sol.27 For non trivial solution,

2r 2 3
D= 1 r 2 =0
2 0 r

2r (r2 0) + 2(r 4) + 3(0 2r) = 0

r=2
system of equations become,
4x 2y + 3z = 0 ....(1)
x + 2y + 2z = 0 .....(2)
2x + 2z = 0 ....(3)
Let x = k
from equation (3),
z = (k) .....(4)
from equation (1) & (4),

k
y=
2

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 Page # 10 DETERMINANTS

EXERCISE IV HINTS & SOLUTIONS (LEVEL - I)

Sol.1 The system of given equations has no so-
lution, if
a2 bc ab bd 1 0
1 1 2
ac cd bc b 0 1
1 1 =0
1 1 b(a + b) = 0, c(a + d) = 0
and a2 + bc = 1, bc + d2 = 0
Applying C1 C1 + C2 + C3
a = 1, d = 1, b = c = 0
2 1 1
1 0
2 1 = 0 If A = 0 1 , then
2 1

Applying R2 R2 R1, R3 R1 1 0 1 0 1 0
A2 = 0 1 0 1 = 0 1 = I

1 1 1
( + 2) 0 1 0 =0 A I, A I
0 0 1 det (A) = 1 (Statement I is true)
Statement II, true (A) = 1 1 = 0,
= 1, 2
Statement II is false.
But = 1 makes given three equations
same. So, the system of equation have
infinite solution. So, answer is = 2 for a a1 a1
which the system of equations has no so- Sol.6 b b 1 b 1 + ( 1)n
lution. c c 1 c 1
Sol.2 Applying C1 C1 + C2 + C3
a1 a1 c 1
2 2 a 1 b 1 b 1
1 (1 b )x (1 c )x a b c
1 1 b2x (1 c2)x
f(x) = 2 2
1 (1 b )x 1 c x a a1 a1
= b b 1 b 1 + ( 1)n
(a2 + b2 + c2 = 2 given) c c 1 c 1
Applying R1 R1 R3, R2 R2 R3
0 a1 a1 a
0 x 1 a1 b 1 b
0 1 x x 1
= c 1 c 1 c
1 (1 b 2
)x 1 c 2 x
a a1 a1
0 x 1 b b 1 b 1 + ( 1)n + 1
= 1 x x 1 = (x 1)2 =
c c 1 c 1
Hence, f(x) is of degree 2.
Sol.3 Applying C2 C2 C1 a1 a a1
b 1 b b 1 C C
1 0 0 c 1 c c 1 2 3

= 1 x 0 = xy
1 0 y
a a1 a1
Hence, D is divisible by both x and y = (1 + ( 1)n + 2) b b 1 b 1
c c 1 c 1
This is equal to zero only, if n + 2 is odd
1 c b
Sol.4 D = c 1 a ie, is an odd integer.
b a 1
1 a2 + c( c ab) b(ac + b) (k 1) 8
Sol.7 =
1 a2 + c2 abc abc b2 k k 3
a2 + b2 + c2 + 2abc = 1 (k + 1) (k + 3) = 8 k
k2 + 4k + 3 = 8k
2 k2 4k + 3 = 0
a b 1 0
Sol.5 c d 0 1 (A2 = I) (k 3) (k 1) = 0

k = 1 gives infinite solution
k=3

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 DETERMINANTS Page # 11

Sol.8 C
f(n) = n + n

111 1 1
1 1 1 3
1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1
=
1 1 2 2

= (1 )2 ( )2 ( 1)2
k 1

Sol.9 A
= (2 ) (2 + 3 4) + 2 ( 2 + 2) + 1
(4 3 ) = 0
3 2 + 6 + 8 3 8 = 0
3 2 + 5 3 = 0
3 + 2 5 + 3 = 0
( 1) (2 + 2 3) = 0
( 1) ( + 3) ( 1) = 0
= 1, 1, 3

EXERCISE IV HINTS & SOLUTIONS (LEVEL - II)

1. (a) D (b) A
2. B,C

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 Page # 12 DETERMINANTS

Answer ExI JEE MAIN

1. A 2. A 3. D 4. A 5. C
6. C 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. A
11. A 12. B 13. A

Answer ExII JEE ADVANCED (OBJECTIVE)

1. D 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. AB
6. AB 7. D 8. C 9. C 10. B
11. A 12. ABC 13. AB 14. ABCD 15. ABC

Answer ExIII JEE ADVANCED

1. B 2. A 3. D

3 2
1. (b) p 8. (a) x = 1 or x = 2; (b) x = 4 9.x = 0 or x =
2
a b 2 c2

12. 2 ( a2 + b2 + c2 + ) 14. Triangle ABC is isosceles.

18. (a) x = 1 , y = 2 , z = 3 ; consistent (b) x = 2 , y = 1 , z = 1 ; consistent

(c) inconsistent

33 15
19. K= , x:y: z = : 1: 3 20. 2 22. 2
2 2
23. (a) 3 (b) = 3, =10 (c) = 3, 10 24. (a) A 25. D
k
27. r = 2 ; x = k ; y = ; z = k where k R {0} 28. x = n, n I
7

Answer ExIV PREVIOUS YEARS

LEVEL I JEE MAIN

1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. C

9. A

LEVEL II JEE ADVANCED

1. (a) D ; (b) A 2. B,C

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