Reference Model

Reference Model offers a means of standardization which is

acceptable worldwide. Since people using the computer network

are located over a wide physical range and their network devices

might have heterogeneous architecture. In order to provide

communication among heterogeneous devices, we need a

standardized model i.e. a reference model, which would provide us

way how these devices can communicate regardless their

architecture.

We have two reference models such as OSI model

and TCP/IP reference model, however, the OSI model is a

hypothetical one but the TCP/IP is absolutely practical model.

REFER

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/internet_technologies/internet_reference_models.
htm

http://www.differencebetween.net/technology/internet/difference-between-osi-
and-tcp-ip-model/

http://www.differencebetween.net/technology/internet/difference-between-tcp-
and-ip/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite

https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19455-01/806-0916/6ja85398m/index.html

http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/Internet-Protocol-suite-IP-suite

PDF : https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B-BJBC8FJupcRlZCdmRZb1hpbjA

https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B-BJBC8FJupcVDZoamc3VC1NNFk