THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT

ENVIRONMENT

BCO113- IT Concepts and System Analysis and Design

 Learning Objectives

Define basic systems analysis and

design concepts
Discuss the modern approach to
systems analysis and design
Describe the organizational role of
the systems analyst

1.2
 Learning Objectives

Describe four types of information

systems:
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
Management Information Systems (MIS)
Decision Support Systems (DSS)
Expert Systems (ES)
Describe the information systems
development life cycle (SDLC)

1.3
ADVANTAGES OF USING
COMPUTERS IN BUSINESS
Improve Communication. Allows
for greater interaction among
employers, employees, and
customers. Computers give
businesses access to email, instant
messaging and custom customer
contact systems.

Employees productivity can be

enhanced through the use of
computers.
ADVANTAGES OF USING
COMPUTERS IN BUSINESS

Marketing Tool. You can

create websites, stunning ads and
complete marketing campaigns
using different software
application.
ADVANTAGES OF USING
COMPUTERS IN BUSINESS

Globalization. Using Internet technologies,

computer networking and software
applications, businesses are able to
communicate all across the globe crossing
geographical boundaries. A trendy way of
describing how far a company can reach its
customers and business transaction from
anywhere in the world.
ADVANTAGES OF USING
COMPUTERS IN BUSINESS

Globalization. Using Internet technologies,

computer networking and software
applications, businesses are able to
communicate all across the globe crossing
geographical boundaries. A trendy way of
describing how far a company can reach its
customers and business transaction from
anywhere in the world.
 Basic Concepts

System

It is a collection of parts,
interacting and interdependent
with one another forming a
unified whole, towards a definite
goal.
 Basic Concepts

Analysis

is the study of particular

problem prior to taking some
action.
 Basic Concepts

Design diagram

A graphic or visual
representation of a structure. It
includes data flow diagrams,
structured charts, decision
trees and other items.
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Seeks to analyze data input or data
flow systematically, processing or
transforming data, data storage,
and information output within the
context of a particular business.
SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

Used to analyze, design, and

implement improvements in the
functioning of businesses that can
be accomplished through the
use of computerized information
systems.
Information Systems Analysis
and Design
A method used by companies to create
and maintain systems that perform
basic business functions
Main goal is to improve employee
efficiency by applying software
solutions to key business tasks
A structured approach must be used in
order to ensure success

1.6
Systems Analyst performs analysis
and design based upon:

Understanding of organizations
objectives, structure and
processes

Knowledge of how to exploit

information technology for
advantage
Systems Analysis and Design:
Core Concepts
Major goal: to improve
organizational systems by
developing or acquiring software
and training employees in its use

Applicationsoftware, or a system,
supports organizational functions or
processes
Systems Analysis and Design:
Core concepts
System: turns data into
information and includes:
Hardware and system software
Documentation and training
materials
Job roles associated with the system
Controls to prevent theft or fraud
The people who use the software to
perform their jobs
COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER-BASED
INFORMATION SYSTEM APPLICATION
Characteristics of a System
 Characteristics of a System
A component. an irreducible part or
aggregation of parts that make up a
system, also called a subsystem.

Interrelated components. Dependence of

one subsystem on one or more subsystems.

Boundary. The line that marks the inside

and outside of a system and that sets off
the system form its environment
 Characteristics of a System

Purpose. The overall goal or function

of a system.

Environment. Everything external to a

system that interacts with the system.

Interface. Point of contact where a

system meets its environment or where
subsystems meet each other.
 Characteristics of a System
Constraint. A limit to what a system can
accomplish.

Input. Whatever a system takes from its

environment in order to fulfill its
purpose.

Output. Whatever a system returns

from its environment in order to fulfill
its purpose.
Role of the Systems Analyst
Studyproblems and needs of an
organization
Determine best approach to improving
organization through use of:
People
Methods
Information technology
Help system users and managers define
their requirements for new or
enhanced systems
Role of the Systems Analyst

Assess
options for system
implementation
In-house development
Outsourced development
Outsourced development and
operation
Commercial application
For
in-house projects, work on a
team of analysts and developers
Skills of a Successful Systems
Analyst
Analytical
Understanding of organizations
Problem-solving skills
System thinking
Ability to see organizations and
information systems as systems
Technical
Understanding of potential and
limitations of technology
Skills of a Successful Systems
Analyst

Managerial
Ability to manage projects,
resources, risk and change
Interpersonal
Effective written and oral
communication skills
Types of Information Systems
and Systems Development
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
Automate handling of data about business activities
(transactions)
Management Information Systems (MIS)
Convertsraw data from transaction processing system
into meaningful form
Decision Support Systems (DSS)
Designed to help decision makers
Provides interactive environment for decision making
Types of Information Systems
and Systems Development
Expert Systems (ES)
Replicates decision-making process
Knowledge representation describes the way
an expert would approach the problem
Systems Development Life
Cycle

System Development Methodology

Standard process followed in an
organization
Consists of:
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Maintenance
 Systems Development Life
Cycle
Seriesof steps used to manage the
phases of development for an
information system
Consists of four phases:
Planning and Selection
Analysis
Design
Implementation and Operation
1.30
Systems Development Life
Cycle
Phases are not necessarily sequential
Each phase has a specific outcome and
deliverable
Individual companies use customized life
cycle
Phases of the Systems
Development Life Cycle
Systems Planning and Selection
Two Main Activities
Identification of need
Investigation and determination of scope
Systems Analysis
Study of current procedures and information
systems
Determine requirements
Generate alternative designs
Compare alternatives
Recommend best alternative
Systems Development Life
Cycle
System Design
Logical Design
Concentrates on business aspects of the system
Physical Design
Technical specifications

Implementation and Operation

Implementation
Hardware and software installation
Programming
User Training
Documentation
1.33
Systems Development Life
Cycle

Operation
System changed to reflect changing
conditions
System obsolescence
Reference
Essentials of Systems Analysis and Design
Second Edition
Joseph S. Valacich
Joey F. George
Jeffrey A. Hoffer